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1
Gohil, Usha Chandrakant. "Investigations into the filling properties of powder mixtures into hard shell capsules." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399326.
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Lima, Ari Clecius Alves de. "AdsorÃÃo de Ãnions Presente em Efluente Usando PÃ da Casca de Coco Verde Modificado." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3832.
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à bem sabido que o aumento da produÃÃo de resÃduos particularmente os agroindustriais torna o destino final um problema ambiental Recentemente estudos com o uso de resÃduos agroindustriais na remoÃÃo de poluentes inorgÃnicos presentes em efluente tÃm-se tornado atraentes por serem baratos simples e eficientes Neste trabalho onde utiliza o pà da casca de coco verde modificado quimicamente na remoÃÃo de Ãnions de efluente em processo batelada AtravÃs de experimento fatorial o material foi modificado quimicamente com sal quaternÃrio de amÃnio (cloreto de 3-cloro-2-hidroxipropiltrimetilamÃnio) O material modificado obtido foi caracterizado (quÃmica e fÃsica) para comprovar o aumento da eficiÃncia pela modificaÃÃo quÃmica realizada. Os parÃmetros pH, concentraÃÃo inicial dosagem de adsorbente cinÃtica e isoterma de adsorÃÃo com Ãnions nitrato sulfato e fosfato foram investigados neste estudo no material modificado Os resultados com planejamento fatorial mostraram que a temperatura e pressÃo sÃo parÃmetros que mais influenciaram no processo de modificaÃÃo quÃmica do material adsorbente A cinÃtica de adsorÃÃo foi examinada em termos de modelos de pseudo-primeira ordem pseudo-segunda ordem e difusÃo intraparticular O modelo de Pseudo-segunda ordem mostrou as maiores concordÃncias com os dados experimentais Dados de equilÃbrio analisados pelos modelos nÃo linear e linear de Langmuir Freundlich SIPS Redlich-Peterson Toth e Tempkin indicaram que os dados experimentais sÃo melhor descritos pelas equaÃÃes de Freundilich e Langmuir A caracterizaÃÃo do bagaÃo de coco modificado foi realizada pelas tÃcnicas FTIR MEV, analise elementar BET e DifraÃÃo de RaiosâX A anÃlise de FTIR indicou que o grupo NH2 do sal de amina interage com grupos quÃmicos do bagaÃo de coco e os resultados indicaram que o bagaÃo de coco modificado exibiu potencial para a sua aplicaÃÃo na remoÃÃo de nitrato, sulfato e fosfato de soluÃÃo aquosa<br>Its very known that the increase from residues production particularly the agricultural waste becomes an environmental problem of final destiny of this material In recent years the use of agricultural by-products for the removal of inorganic polutant from wastewater has attracted so many researchers because they are cheap simple and of low cost as sorbents natural for wastewater treatment In this work the powder of the peel of green coconut was modified chemically for the removal anions from aqueous effluent by batch process The preparation of the material modified with quaternary salt of ammonium (2-hidroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride) it was accomplished through factorial experiment The chemical and physical characterization of the raw material and modified was carried out to prove the accomplished chemical modification The parameters such as pH initial anion concentration adsorbent dosage adsorption kinetic and isotherm adsorption with modified material were investigated in this study Adsorption kinetic was also examined in terms of three kinetic models ie pseudo-first-order pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion model Pseudo-second-order kinetic model showed a good agreement with the experimental data. Equilibrium data were evaluated by using nonlinear and linear models of Langmuir Freundlich SIPS Redlich-Peterson Toth e Tempkin equations It was obtained that experimental data conforms to the Langmuir and Freundlich equations In order to characterize synthesized material were measurement performed of FTIR elemental analysis SEM and X-ray From FTIR analysis observed that coconut shells species may interact with NH2 groups coconut shells and the results indicated that coconut shells exhibited potential for application in removal of nitrate sulfate and phosphate from aqueous solutions
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Raulino, Giselle Santiago Cabral. "Sistema Piloto de AdsorÃÃo de Ãons de Metais em Coluna (Leito Fixo) Utilizando como Adsorvente o PÃ da Casca de Coco Verde." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5486.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior<br>Os resÃduos agroindustriais tÃm sido testados em pesquisas como adsorventes de
metais tÃxicos, em efluentes aquosos, devido ao seu baixo custo, alta
disponibilidade e eficiÃncia para essa finalidade. Nesse trabalho, utilizou-se o
resÃduo da indÃstria do coco, o pà da casca de coco verde, proveniente da
EMBRAPA, como material adsorvedor dos Ãons metÃlicos cobre, nÃquel e zinco de
soluÃÃes aquosas, em escala piloto. Primeiramente, foi feita a determinaÃÃo
granulomÃtrica do material, sendo que cerca de 85% se encontrou na faixa de 10 a
60 mesh. Em seguida, foi verificada a influÃncia do tratamento fÃsico-quÃmico na
adsorÃÃo dos metais. Os dois tratamentos escolhidos foram com Ãgua e NaOH 0,1
mol.L-1, devido a alta capacidade de adsorÃÃo dos metais em estudo. Prosseguiu-se
para os testes de coluna. Na otimizaÃÃo dos parÃmetros operacionais, a vazÃo de
200 mL.min-1 e altura de leito 100 cm, foram escolhidas devido a praticidade, menor
tempo de execuÃÃo e facilidade de operaÃÃo, alÃm das elevadas capacidades de
adsorÃÃo. O tempo de detenÃÃo hidrÃulica (TDH) resultante desses parÃmetros foi
de 15min. ApÃs as otimizaÃÃes dos parÃmetros operacionais, foi investigada a
influÃncia do tratamento fora da coluna e na prÃpria coluna. Foi observado que, de
modo geral, a capacidade de adsorÃÃo do pà da casca de coco verde aumenta
quando o material à submetido ao tratamento com NaOH 0,1 mol.L-1 na prÃpria
coluna em relaÃÃo aos tratamentos com Ãgua fora e na coluna, e com NaOH fora da
coluna. As capacidades de adsorÃÃo do sistema multielementar para o tratamento
com NaOH na coluna foram de: 32,2 mg.g-1 para o cobre, 10,8 mg.g-1 para o nÃquel
e 7,9 mg.g-1 para o zinco. Foi notado tambÃm que a soluÃÃo resultante desse
tratamento necessita de correÃÃo de pH e tratamento da DQO para descarte. A
capacidade de adsorÃÃo aumentou quando se passou de um sistema multielementar
para um sistema monoelementar, resultando em: 39,3 mg.g-1 para o cobre, 21,9
mg.g-1 para o nÃquel e 20,6 mg.g-1 para o zinco. A dessorÃÃo utilizando como eluente
HNO3 0,5 mol.L-1 necessitou de aproximadamente 20 L para remover os metais
adsorvidos no pà da casca de coco verde tratado.<br>The agro-industrial residues have been used in research as adsorbents of toxic
metals from aqueous effluents due to its low cost, high availability and efficiency for
this purpose. In this study, residues from coconut shell industry was used, the
coconut husk, from EMBRAPA, as adsorbent material of copper, nickel and zinc from
aqueous solutions on a pilot scale. First, was made the determination of particle size
material, showing that about 85% was found in the range of 10 to 60mesh. Then, the
effects of physical and chemical treatment on the metals adsorption. The two
treatments selected was NaOH 0.1 mol.L-1 and water, because there was an
increase in the adsorption capacity. Then, was proceeded the column tests. In the
optimization of operating parameters, the flow of 200mL.min-1 and bed height 100
cm, were chosen because of convenience, shorter execution time and ease of
operation, and high adsorption capacities. The resulting TDH of parameters was
15min. After the optimization of operating parameters, we investigated the influence
of treatment outside and inside the column. It was observed that, in general, the
adsorption capacity increased when the material is subjected to treatment with 0.1 M
NaOH inside the column in relation to water treatments in and ouside the column and
NaOH outside the column. The adsorption capacity of multielement system for the
treatment with NaOH in the column were: 32.2 mg.g-1 for copper, 10.86 mg.g-1 for
nickel and 7.97 mg.g-1 for zinc. It was also seen that the solution resulting from this
treatment requires correction of pH and COD treatment for disposal. The adsorption
capacity increased for monoelementar system in comparison with a multielement
system, resulting in: 39.37 mg.g-1 for copper, 21.9 mg.g-1 for nickel and 20.6 mg. g-1
for zinc. The desorption using HNO3 0.5 mol.L-1- as eluent needed about 20 L to
remove the metals adsorbed on the shell powder coconut treated.
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Solný, Tomáš. "Příprava a aplikace fotokatalyticky aktivního oxidu titaničitého." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-256553.
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V práci je zkoumán vliv podmínek na průběh hydrolýzy alkoxidů titanu a vlastností připravovaných nanočástic oxidu titaničitého s důrazem na teplotu a množství vody přítomné v systému. Připravované hydrolyzáty alkoxidů titanu a nanočástice oxidu titaničitého připravené z hydrolyzátů jsou studovány metodami XRD, DTA – TGA, SEM – EDS, BET a PCCS. Nanočástice magnetitu byly syntetizovány pomocí precipitační reakce z roztoku Mohrovy soli a jejich krystalová struktura, velikost a povrchové vlastnosti byly sledovány s vyhodnocením vlivu teploty a při modifikaci povrchu polykarboxyletherovým superplastifikátorem. Pro upevnění TiO2 na povrch magnetitu byla použita kombinovaná metoda aplikace vybraných nanočástic TiO2 s hydrolýzou TiO2 pomocí alkoxidů titanu za účelem přípravy fotokatalyticky aktivního core-shell práškového katalyzátoru s vylepšenými vlastnostmi adsorpce na povrchu. Studovány byly možnosti aplikace TiO2 na povrch Mn-Zn feritu, kdy byl studován vliv depozice tenkých vrstev C a Au na morfologii povrchu. Fotokatalytická aktivita vybraných připravených materiálů byla studována pomocí dekompozice methylenové modři v roztoku a par isopropanolu a ethanolu rozkládaných pomocí Mn-Zn feritu v experimentálním chemickém reaktoru s magnetickým polem stabilizovaným ložem nosiče katalyzátoru.
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Sousa, Francisco Wagner de. "AdsorÃÃo de metais tÃxicos de efluente aquoso usando pà da casca de coco verde tratado." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=647.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico<br>Os resÃduos sÃlidos agroindustriais sÃo bastante estudados devido a sua abundÃncia e baixo custo para a recuperaÃÃo de efluentes industriais utilizando processos de adsorÃÃo. Neste trabalho utilizou-se o pà da casca de coco verde como adsorvente para remoÃÃo de metais pesados de efluentes aquosos produzidos por indÃstrias de eletrodeposiÃÃo localizadas em Juazeiro do Norte (CearÃ-Brasil). Sistemas de adsorÃÃo em batelada e coluna foram estudados. Na primeira etapa deste trabalho foram investigados o tratamento quÃmico, o efeito da granulometria, o efeito da concentraÃÃo do adsorvente e o efeito do pH. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento aplicado no pà da casca de coco verde com NaOH 0,1mol.L-/3h foi mais eficiente. Este material foi usado para o estudo de adsorÃÃo dos metais com as seguintes caracterÃsticas: faixa de granulometria de 60-99 mesh, concentraÃÃo de 40g/L e pH 5,0. O estudo de cinÃtica indicou que o equilÃbrio de adsorÃÃo multielementar foi atingido em 5 minutos (pH 5,0) e segue cinÃtica de pseudo-segunda ordem. As capacidades mÃximas de adsorÃÃo observadas nos estudos de equilÃbrio para um sistema multielementar foram: 7,89; 1,72; 3,24; 13,26 e 5,09 mg/g para Pb+2; Ni+2; Cd+2; Zn+2 e Cu+2, respectivamente. Na segunda etapa da pesquisa foram realizados experimentos para otimizaÃÃo das condiÃÃes operacionais da coluna. Os resultados mostraram que uma velocidade de fluxo de 2mL/min e uma altura de 10cm do leito aumentaram o percentual de remoÃÃo para todos os metais tÃxicos estudados. As curvas de ruptura investigadas para um sistema multielementar indicaram que a ordem das capacidades de adsorÃÃo foi a seguinte: Cu+2 > Pb+2 > Cd+2 > Zn+2 > Ni+2. A aplicabilidade dos estudos de coluna numa amostra real oriunda de empresas de galvanoplastia contendo: Ni+2, Zn+2 e Cu+2 mostraram que a remoÃÃo dos Ãons tÃxicos aumenta quando o pH da soluÃÃo à 5,0. A dessorÃÃo dos Ãons metÃlicos, retidos na coluna, foi eficiente usando HNO3 1,0mol.L- como eluente. Os ensaios de reciclagem da coluna mostraram que o adsorvente pode ser utilizado apenas num ciclo.<br>The solid agroindustry residues are most studied, due its abundance and low cost for recovery of wastewater industry using process of adsorption. In this work was used the green coconut shell powder as adsorbent for the heavy metals removal from wastewater aqueous produced for electroplating industries localized in Juazeiro do Norte (Ceara-Brazil). Adsorption systems in batch and column were studied. In the first step of this work was investigated the chemical treatment, the particle size effect, adsorbent concentration and pH effect. The results showed that the treatment employed in the green coconut shell powder with NaOH 0.1mol.L-/3h was the most efficient. This material was used for the metals adsorption study with the following characteristic: particle size ranged 60-99 mesh, adsorbent concentration (40g/L) and pH 5.0. The kinetic study indicated that the adsorption equilibrium multielementary were achieved in 5 minutes (pH 5.0) and followed a pseudo-second order model. The maximum capacities of adsorption observed for the multielementary system were: 7.89; 1.72; 3.24; 13.26 and 5.09mg/g to Pb+2; Ni+2; Cd+2; Zn+2 and Cu+2, respectively. In the second step of the work were carried out experiments to otimization of the operational parameters of the column. The results showed that for a flow rate of 2mL/min and height bed of 10cm there is an increased on the metals removal. The breakthrough curves investigated to a system multi indicated that the order for column capacity was the follow: Cu+2 > Pb+2 >Cd+2 > Zn+2 > Ni+2. The parameters optimization of the column obtained with the synthetic effluents were applied in a real sample contained (Ni+2, Zn+2 and Cu+2) which showed that the toxic ions removal increased at pH 5.0. The desorption of the metals ions retained on the column was efficient using the HNO3 1,0mol.L- as eluent. The tests of recycling of the column showed that the adsorbent can be used only a cycle.
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Rose, Garrett. "Electrical subsystem for Shell eco-marathon urban concept battery powered vehicle." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2814.
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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.<br>The purpose of this paper was to design and develop an electrical power train for an Urban
Concept electric vehicle geared to complete the Shell Eco-Marathon Africa in 2019. Various
technologies which make up the electrical drive train of an electrical vehicle were also reviewed
which include the battery pack, the battery management system, the motors, the motor management system and the human interface. Upon completion of this, the various topologies best suited for this project were selected, designed, constructed and developed. Two motors were re-designed and constructed for this vehicle and the motor drive was also constructed to control these motors. A Lithium-Ion battery pack was constructed and developed to drive the motors and an off-the-shelf battery
management system was purchased and developed to suit the requirements for the Shell Eco-
Marathon competition rules. A human interface was also developed in order for the driver to see various parameters of the electric vehicle defined by the Shell Eco-Marathon competition rules. After each component of the drive train was constructed, they underwent various testing procedures to determine the efficiency of each individual component and the overall efficiency for the complete drive train of this electric vehicle was ascertained. The Product Lifecycle Management Competency Centre group developed the chassis for this vehicle. For this reason, only the electric subsystems were evaluated and a simulation was completed of the complete drive train. After the complete drive train was constructed and all the individual subsystems evaluated and simulated, a vehicle with an overall efficiency of about sixty percent was expected and the completed drive train should be adequate enough to complete the entire Shell Eco-Marathon Africa circuit.
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Chandupatla, Udaya B. "Evaluation of power deposited in a homogenous head model for clam-shell type cellular phones." FIU Digital Commons, 2006. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2106.
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The fundamental dosimetric quantity used to measure the level of exposure due to cellular phones is the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). The compliance of a device to the exposure limit is determined by following the guidelines described in IEEE measurement standards. The compliance assessment process can be quite complicated and time consuming, due to the many different test conditions that have to be considered and the slow speed of the measurement equipment. Depending on the frequency, use configuration of the device and form factor the SAR values can vary significantly from test case to test case even for the same device. This work shows that for a particular form factor, indicated as clam shell, where the phone is made of two halves that rotating around a hinge, one of the required test condition, described as tilt position, always provides lower SAR values than touch position, the other test condition. Different frequencies, antenna locations and antenna types have been considered. The results obtained with the well-known Finite Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method have been validated with measurements. A robotic assessment tool (DASY4) is used for measurement purpose.
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Nilsson, Carl-Magnus. "Waveguide Finite Elements Applied on a Car Tyre." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3812.
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<p>Structures acting as waveguides are quite common withexamples being, construction beams, fluid filled pipes, railsand extruded aluminium profiles. Curved structures like cartyres and pipe-bends may also be considered as waveguides. Wavesolutions in such structures may be found by a method calledthe Waveguide Finite Element Method or WFEM. This method uses afinite element approach on the cross-section of a waveguide tomodel the vibro-acoustic response as a set of linear, coupled,one dimensional, wave-equations.</p><p>In this thesis six novel waveguide finite elements arederived and validated. These elements are, straight and curvedpre-stressed, orthotropic or anisotropic shell elements,straight and curved fluid elements, and straight and curvedfluid-shell coupling elements.</p><p>Forced response and input power calculations for infiniteand periodic waveguides are presented. The assembled waveguidemodels can also serve as input for the Super Spectral FiniteElement Method, which enables forced response calculations formore complex boundaries. Furthermore, several properties ofdamped and undamped wave solutions are investigated.</p><p>Finally, a car tyre model, encompassing for the highlyanisotropic material and the air cavity inside the tyre is setforth. A number of forced response calculations for this modelare presented and compared with measurements with goodagreement.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>wave equation, wave solution, waveguide,finite element, spectral finite element, tyre noise, tyrevibration, input power, shells, pre-stress, fluid-shellcoupling axi-symmetric, two-and-half-dimensional</p>
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Kirchoff, Ingrid Synnøve. "Everything is NOT awesome : A study on the campaign that ended LEGO’s partnership with Shell." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-38231.
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There is an on-going discussion in public relation scholarship surrounding the implication of critical theory on the study of activists’ utilization of public relations tools. One side believes that the mainstream theoretical models are sufficient for explaining the situation in which conflicts and negotiations between activists and corporations are happening, the other believes that critical theory needs to be applied. The purpose of this thesis is to provide an example that sheds light on this type of situation. It will study the 2014 conflict between Greenpeace and LEGO to see if orthodox theories are applicable, or if not, how and why critical theory should get more attention from public relations scholars. The aim of the thesis is to solve the conflict through studying a case. To solve the dispute two research questions are aiming to scrutinize the negotiation situation between LEGO and Greenpeace. The questions are asking what images of the Greenpeace campaign was most frequently used by the media, and how these frame LEGO. A method triangulation was applied to answer these questions. First, a quantitative study identified what images that were most frequently used by the media to cover the story. Later a qualitative text analysis in the form of semiotics was used to analyse how these images framed LEGO. The result shows that almost 90% of the images used by mass media was directly illustrating Greenpeace’s campaign. The messages in these images framed LEGO on one hand, as a passive player that would stand by and watch as their business partner polluted both the earth and kids’ imaginations. On the other hand the company was portrayed as an almighty institution that would not take stakeholders wishes and opinions into consideration. The study serves as an example on the negotiation situation between activists and corporations. The conclusion relates the thesis back to the problem definition. The public relation communication utilized by Greenpeace, and studied in this thesis, is evidence that the scholarship needs broaden the intellectual domain by incorporating activism and critical theory into the academic field.
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Matakane, Gcina M. "The people shall govern: Constituent power and the South African Constitution." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5625.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhil<br>The South African negotiations process, in the true spirit of classical liberalism, emphasised juridical continuity, legality, and gradual political change. But in spite of this and the fact that South Africa’s constitution-making process is acclaimed as the most successful negotiated revolution, it is generally recognised that there is incongruity between the promise and hope brought about by South Africa’s constitution-making process and the political and social crises that ensued after the advent of constitutional democracy in the country. I argue in this analysis that the South African constitutional discourse must undergo a fundamental shift by abandoning the normative regulation of the constituent power of the people in order to allow for the people to truly govern. The acknowledgement of the possibility of the unregulated exercise of constituent power through people-driven initiatives can mitigate the current malaise facing South Africa’s constitutional democracy.
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Geary, Ryan D. "A review of offshore wind technology and the development of the Virginia coastline and outer continental shelf /." Full-text of dissertation on the Internet (1.84 MB), 2009. http://www.lib.jmu.edu/general/etd/2009/Masters/Geary_RyanD/gearyrd_masters_12-10-2009_01.pdf.
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Nasrin, Lubna. "Improved Version of Energy Efficient Motor for Shell Eco Marathon : Half Weight with Higher Efficiency." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14829.
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The goal of the thesis is to analyze an existing Axial Flux Permanent Magnet motor used for Shell Eco Marathon from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). The existing machine has been analysed and modified to achieve improved power density at high efficiency with lowered weight.A detailed literature study on AFPM machine topologies, winding and magnet arrangements is covered. The magnet arrangement of the existing machine has been transformed from conventional North-South to Halbach array. The preliminary analytical calculations were done by using analytical expressions. After that, for an improved design, an efficiency-based optimization has been used to improve the obtained parameters from analytical calculation. This optimization has been performed with the help of fmincon solver in the Matlab optimization tool. The optimized values after being compared with the analytical calculation, has been used to run Finite Element Method simulations.The new design with optimum performance parameters displays an improvement of overall efficiency with decreased weight in comparison. The new machine has a 97.2% efficiency and weights only 6.24 kg. In comparison with the existing machine, the weight of the new machine is almost half with improved efficiency.KeywordsAxial Flux, Permanent Magnet, Synchronous Motor, Ironless Stator, Halbach.
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Pinto, Rogerio Nacimento Costa. "Three-dimensional finite element model of a high power, low frequency ring-shell flextensional sonar transducer." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/24073.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>A three-dimensional finite element model of a high power, low frequency ring-shell flextensional transducer (Sparton of Canada, Ltd. Model 34A0610 (Ref. 1) was developed for use with the ATILA code (Ref. 2). This transducer is to be coupled with an analytical acoustic field description in order to model a dense sonar array of US Navy interest (Ref.3) The three-dimensional model was derived from a two0dimensional model provided by the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (Ref. 4). Two types of finite-element analyses were performed using ATILA: (1) an in-air modal analysis, in which the eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes are computed, and (2) an in-water harmonic analysis, in which the pressure field at a desired driving frequency is computer. The frequency of the ring mode computed for the three-dimensional model in the modal analysis was found to be 5 percent higher than the corresponding value for the two-dimensional model.. From the harmonic analysis, the maximum sound pressure level on the acoustic axis was found to be 4 dB higher than the manufacturer's measured value and is located at exactly the same frequency.
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Schweizer, Hartmut, Raphael Alt, Katharina Schmitz, and Martin Wollschläger. "B2MML as an exchange format for asset administration shells as part of a plug-and-produce process for a fluid power engineering application." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71180.
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One development in the course of industrial digitalisation, which is being driven forward particularly in the German-speaking countries and will gain in importance in the future, is that of the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) [1]. The present work deals with the distribution, instantiation and use of those AASs for assets within the domain of a fluid power engineering application, which by themselves do not currently have the corresponding hardware and software for harbouring an AAS. The Business to Manufacturing Markup Language (B2MML) is used here for the deployment and instantiation of these AASs. In the present work, B2MML is extended with the concept definitions of AAS using its enhancement mechanisms. The distribution of the AASs to computing resources then takes place using B2MML and its transaction definitions. Furthermore, B2MML is used in a submodel to orchestrate process queues. In the course of the FL4 research project, B2MML is integrated as a partial model into the AAS and is used for orchestrating the Plug-and-Produce processes one the business and on subordinate levels.
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Chin, Lai Fui Bridgid. "Studies of syngas cleaning technologies suitable for power generation from biomass oil palm shells." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1474.
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The efficiency of the gas cleaning step is one of the fundamental steps to the successful operation of biomass gasification technologies for power generation. Catalytic cracking is selected as the hot gas cleaning technology for this research using zeolite HZSM-5 catalyst in order to reduce tar produced from palm shells gasification in the laboratory scale fixed bed gasifier. The catalyst load of 2, 5 and 10 weight % of the weight of palms shells has been tested in experiment. Gas chromatographic analysis of the tar produced has been conducted along with the study of biomass gasification index (BGI), emissions of CO, NO, and SO2. It is observed that the tar contains a high concentration of carbolic acid (5 to 8 volume %) in the gas in the range of oxygen to nitrogen flowrate ratio from 0.10 to 0.15 studied. The carbolic acid concentration decreases in the tar with the oxygen to nitrogen ratio increase.The overall heterocyclic aromatics in the tar content are comparable when operating with oxygen to nitrogen ratio of 0.12 and 0.15.The lowest concentration of carbolic acid has been achieved when 5 weight % of HZSM-5 catalyst is used with a reduction of 99% and 79% for oxygen to nitrogen ratio of 0.10 or 0.15 respectively when compared to the carbolic acid concentration without the presence of the catalyst. At the same time higher percentage of the catalyst results in less chemical compounds found in tar. Tar content increased as lower concentration of oxygen content in gas mixture or larger palm shells particle size was used.Lower CO emission produced when lower oxygen content in gas mixture was used. Oxygen to nitrogen ratio has the most significant effects on the NO production compared to palm shells particle size. Both oxygen to nitrogen ratios and palm shells particle size does not have any significant effects on the SO2 production. Higher BGI could be obtained if larger palm shells particle sizes are used in this system. Suitable correlations for the tar removal cleanup for syngas derived from biomass oil palm shells at different operating parameters when using HZSM-5 catalyst have been developed from the interpolation of the experimental data obtained.
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Marrujo, Dan Madrid Savage Richard N. "Spectral conversion of light using cadmium selenium zinc sulfide core shell quantum dots to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic cells : a thesis /." [San Luis Obispo, Calif. : California Polytechnic State University], 2008. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/8/.
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Thesis (M.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2008.<br>"June 2nd, 2008." "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree [of] Master of Science in Engineering with Specialization in Materials Engineering." "Presented to the faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo." Major professor: Richard Savage, Ph.D. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-100). Also available online and on microfiche (2 sheets).
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Orazbayev, Azamat. "Open Shell Effects in a Microscopic Optical Potential for Elastic Scattering of Exotic Helium Isotopes." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1377604473.
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Grudic, Elvedin. "Electric Propulsion System for the Shell Eco-marathon PureChoice Vehicle : Controlling the lights and alternative storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9744.
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<p>This report is divided into six main chapters. It starts off with an introductory chapter explaining the different propulsion strategies that have been considered during the last semester, and the final propulsion system that has been decided upon. The final propulsion strategy has several demands when it comes to components that have to be implemented and what type of components they should be. The main purpose for me in this project was therefore to meet these demands. Main demands for me were to demonstrate different possibilities when it comes to controlling the lights in the PureChoice vehicle, and to make sure the vehicle had enough energy stored in alternative storage devices in order to have a fully functioning system when it comes to driving the vehicle and managing the safety system onboard. The report continues with five individual chapters explaining how these demands were solved and which components that have been considered and implemented in the final vehicle. All off the chapters start of with an introduction about the topic at hand. They then continue with an explanation about the different components used in the vehicle, and reasoning for why exactly these components were chosen. In order to determine how the components would function in the final propulsion system, laboratory tests were performed on all the involved parts, and these laboratory tests are described at the end of all the chapters. This report includes both theoretical calculations and practical solutions.</p>
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Cestari, Francesca. "3D printing of bone scaffolds using powders derived from biogenic sources." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/363403.
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This doctoral work was developed in the frame of bone tissue engineering, dealing with the fabrication of scaffolds for the regeneration of bones. At this purpose, calcium phosphates derived from natural sources are very interesting because they are more similar to the bone mineral and possess better bioactivity. Indeed, the bone mineral is different from synthetic hydroxyapatite as it is non-stoichiometric, nanosized, it presents a high degree of disorder and contains many additional ions and impurities such as CO32-, Mg2+, Sr2+, Na+, etc. These characteristics can be easily obtained by synthesizing hydroxyapatite from natural sources, such as corals, starfishes, seashells, animal bones, bird eggshells etc. The natural sources used in the present work are three types of biogenic calcium carbonate, i.e. calcium carbonate that is produced by living organisms in the form of aragonite or calcite. Among the different sources, three biogenic calcium carbonates were chosen: cuttlefish (Sepia Officinalis) bones, mussel (Mytilus Galloprovincialis) shells and chicken eggshells. Besides their abundance and availability, they were selected because of their different composition: aragonite in cuttlebones, calcite in eggshells and a mixture of aragonite and calcite in mussel shells. After the first chapter, which is a theoretical introduction, this thesis is divided into other five chapters. Chapter 2 contains a careful characterization of the three biogenic raw materials while Chapter 3 deals with the synthesis of hydroxyapatite starting from these natural sources. The process developed here takes place entirely at nearly room temperature, which allows the organic part of the biological materials to be preserved. This synthesis process is basically a wet mechanosynthesis followed by a mild heat treatment (up to 150°C). The study focuses on the influence of several process parameters on the synthesis efficiency: temperature, milling time, pH and raw material. The temperature used to dry the slurry after the wet ball-milling was found to be the most important parameter, the higher the temperature the faster the conversion of CaCO3 into hydroxyapatite. Moreover, aragonite was found to transform more easily into hydroxyapatite with respect to calcite, and also to follow a different reaction path. The synthesis process described in Chapter 3 allowed to produce different bio-derived powders that were found to be non-stoichiometric, nanosized, carbonated hydroxyapatites, containing also additional ions, especially Mg2+ in the eggshell-derived material and Sr2+ in the cuttlebone-derived one. These powders were then used as a starting point for the studies presented in the next three chapters.
Chapter 4 shows a very preliminary evaluation of the interaction with human cells in vitro. First, the as-synthesized powders were consolidated by uniaxial pressing and sintering at temperatures between 900°C and 1100°C and their crystallographic composition was analyzed. Then, after having established the non-cytotoxicity of the sintered pellets, osteoblasts from human osteosarcoma cell line were seeded on the pellets and their behavior after 1, 3 and 5 days of culture was observed by confocal microscopy. In general, all materials promoted good cell adhesion and proliferation, especially the eggshell-derived one. At this point, the bio-derived materials were found to induce a good cellular response but, in order to foster the regeneration of bones, a scaffold must also contain a large amount of interconnected porosity. Among the numerous methods to fabricate porous structures, additive manufacturing is surely very attractive due many advantages, such as the possibility of customizing the shape based on tomography images from the patients, the fact that no mold is needed and the freedom of fully designing the porosity. Indeed, not only the size and the amount of porosity are important, but also the shape of the pores and their position and orientation have a deep effect on the interaction with the cells. Therefore, Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 deal with the fabrication of scaffolds by 3D printing, following two different approaches. In the study presented in Chapter 5, the powders synthesized from cuttlebones, mussel shells and eggshells were used in combination with a thermoplastic polymer (PCL, polycaprolactone) to obtain bioactive composites. Composite materials made of 85 wt% PCL and 15 wt% bio-derived hydroxyapatite were used to fabricate porous scaffolds by extrusion 3D printing. The biological in vitro tests showed that the composite scaffolds possess better bioactivity than the pure PCL ones, especially those containing mussel shell- and cuttlebone-derived powders, which promoted the best cell adhesion, proliferation and metabolic activity of human osteosarcoma cells after 7 days of culture. In addition, the elastic compressive modulus, which was found to be between 177-316 MPa, thus in the range of that of trabecular bone, was found to increase of about ∼50% with the addition of the bio-derived nanopowders. Finally, in Chapter 6, the cuttlebone-derived powder was used to fabricate porous bioceramic scaffolds by binder jetting 3D printing. Due to serious technical issues related to the printing of a nanosized powder, 10 wt% of bio-derived powder was mixed with a glass-ceramic powder with bigger particle size. Moreover, the organic part of the cuttlebone had to be previously eliminated by a heat treatment at 800°C. Thanks to the great freedom of design that is allowed by the binder jetting process, scaffolds with two different pore geometries were fabricated: with pores of uniform size and with a size-gradient. Indeed, natural bone possesses a gradient in porosity from the core to the surface, from porous trabecular bone to dense cortical bone. The sintered scaffolds showed a total porosity of ∼60% for the pure glass-ceramic and ∼70% for the glass-ceramic with 10 wt% of cuttlebone-derived nanoparticles, which most probably slowed down the densification by limiting the contact between the glassy particles. All the bioceramic scaffolds promoted good adhesion and proliferation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, without any significant difference between the different samples. However, the scaffolds with the cuttlebone-derived powder and with gradient porosity showed the greatest decrease of metabolic activity after 10 days of culture, which could be accounted as a sign of differentiation of stem cells.
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Shimizu, Tatsuo. "Investigation into the implementation of commercial off the shelf super-capacitor to small spacecraft power system." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590927.
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Small satellites, weighting between 100 to 200 kg, have witnessed increasing use for a variety of space applications including remote sensing constellations and technology demonstrations. The energy storage/stored power demands of most spacecraft, including small satellites, are currently accommodated by rechargeable batteries - typically nickel-cadmium cells (specific energy of 50Whkg1 ) in the past, or more recently lithium-ion cells (150Whkgo1 ). High energy density is a primary concern for spacecraft energy storage design, and these batteries have been sufficient for most applications. However, constraints on the allowable on-board battery size have limited peak power performance such that the maximum power supply capability of small satellites currently ranges between only 70 and 200W. This low maximum power limits the capabilities of small satellites in terms of payload design and selection. In order to enhance these satellites' power performance, this research focused on the implementation of super-capacitors as practical rechargeable energy storage medium, and as an alternative to chemical batteries. Compared to batteries, some super-capacitors are able to supply high power at high energy-efficiency, but unfortunately they still have a very low energy density (5-30Wh·kg-1 ). However, the provision of this high power capability would considerably widen the range of small satellite applications. This research pioneered the feasibility and the effectiveness assessments of a new power system that uses super-capacitors as on-board energy storage medium. Implementation of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) super-capacitors to the spacecraft power system has potential obstacles to overcome, namely, lower energy density, interface compatibility, and launch and space environment survivability. To investigate these questioned elements, a feasibility study, prototype development and space environmental test were carried out. The super-capacitor has shown a promising increase in their capability of supplying power of 1 to 2kW without significant rise in the overall power system mass. Hence choosing supercapacitors over conventional battery technology would result in a breakthrough in terms of platform choice for payloads.
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Palmer, Aaron J. ""All matters and things shall center there" a study of elite political power in South Carolina, 1763-1776 /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/475493716/viewonline.
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Ichikawa, Rodrigo Uchida. "Investigação da estrutura local e média de nanopartículas por técnicas de espalhamento e difração de raios X." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-15062018-083316/.
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Neste trabalho, a estrutura local e média de nanopartículas foi estudada utilizando-se métodos de espalhamento e difração de raios X. Os métodos utilizados foram: Análise da Função de Distribuição de Pares Atômicos (Atomic Pair Distribution Function Analysis, em inglês) para o estudo do ordenamento estrutural de curto alcance, Refinamento de Rietveld e Modelamento Total do Perfil de Difração de Pó para o estudo do ordenamento médio. Os materiais estudados foram: nanopartículas de KY3F10 dopadas com Tb, nanocubos núcleo-camada (core-shell, em inglês) de FeO-Fe3O4 e nanopartículas de ferritas de Mn-Zn. O trabalho teve como objetivo demonstrar como os métodos mencionados podem ser utilizados de forma complementar para fornecer informações de curto, médio e longo alcance usando-se dados de espalhamento e difração de raios X. Neste trabalho, ressalta-se a importância de cada método no estudo da estrutura cristalina e demonstra avanço e desenvolvimento de metodologias para a sua aplicação.<br>In this work, local and average structure of nanoparticles were studied using X-ray scattering and diffraction methods. The methods used were: Atomic Pair Distribution Function Analysis to study the short-range ordering, Rietveld refinement and Whole Powder Pattern Modelling to study the long-range ordering. The studied materials were: Tb-doped KY3F10 nanoparticles, core-shell FeO-Fe3O4 nanocubes and Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles. The objective of this work was to demonstrate how the methods mentioned can be used in a complementary way to provide short, average and long range information about the structure using X-ray scattering and diffraction data. The importance of each method to study the crystalline structure is highlighted demonstrating progress and development of methodologies for its application.
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Horton, Chelsea Dawn. ""As ye have faith so shall your powers and blessings be" : the aboriginal-bahá'í encounter in British Columbia /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2093.
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Silva, Jaime Carlos do Vale Ferreira da. "A plataforma continental portuguesa: Análise do processo de transformação do potencial estratégico em poder Nacional." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4379.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Estratégia<br>Ao ratificar a Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar, Portugal iniciou o percurso conducente à extensão da sua plataforma continental. O projeto de extensão constitui uma oportunidade única de conquistar, de forma pacífica, novos territórios marítimos, sobre os quais Portugal vai exercer direitos de soberania e de jurisdição. Num mundo marcado pela escassez de matérias-primas e de outros recursos vitais, a possibilidade dos Estados estenderem a plataforma continental para além das 200 milhas marítimas assume uma inegável relevância, pela perspetiva de acesso aos recursos minerais, energéticos e biogenéticos que a plataforma potencialmente encerra.
Neste contexto, pretendemos analisar o que tem vindo a ser feito para transformar o potencial estratégico da plataforma continental portuguesa em Poder nacional, procurando identificar os fatores de transformação que lhe estão subjacentes. Concorrentemente procuramos conhecer e identificar as dimensões associadas aos conceitos de potencial estratégico e de Poder nacional, identificar os elementos que permitam reconhecer a plataforma continental enquanto fator de Poder nacional, estudar o contexto ambiental em que decorre o processo de aproveitamento do potencial estratégico da plataforma portuguesa e identificar os desafios que se colocam à rentabilização do potencial estratégico dessa mesma plataforma.
Para alcançar estes objetivos utilizamos o modelo de análise adaptado da perspetiva sistémica levada a cabo por David Easton, conforme proposto por Adriano Moreira em “Ciência Política”. Para a definição da técnica de recolha de dados e de análise dos mesmos, seguimos as indicações de Carlos Diogo Moreira em “Teorias e Práticas de Investigação”, enquanto para a apreensão dos dados resultantes do modelo de análise utilizamos o método da inferência abdutiva, conforme definido por Edward Waltz em “Knowledge Management in the Intelligence Enterprise”.
Com o presente estudo identificamos os fatores de transformação do potencial estratégico em Poder nacional no âmbito do território marítimo português, de acordo com os seus elementos genéticos, estruturais e operacionais. Como fatores de ordem genética reconhecemos: (i) a mobilização da sociedade portuguesa em torno do aproveitamento dos recursos naturais da plataforma; (ii) o conhecimento da comunidade científica nacional; e (iii) os recursos naturais da plataforma. Relativamente aos fatores de nível estrutural identificamos: (i) a gestão integrada dos assuntos do mar; e (ii) o ordenamento do espaço marítimo. Quanto aos fatores operacionais consideramos: (i) a exploração sustentada dos recursos marinhos; e (ii) a segurança do mar português.
As conclusões a que chegamos permitem aos decisores ter um melhor conhecimento do projeto de extensão da plataforma continental portuguesa, avaliar a relação custo-benefício inerente ao desenvolvimento do projeto e identificar possíveis linhas de ação a prosseguir,tendo em vista o aproveitamento do potencial estratégico da plataforma continental nacional<br>By ratifying the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Portugal started a process that lead to the extension of its continental shelf. The extension project is the last opportunity to undertake, in a peaceful manner, new maritime territories, under state´s sovereignty and jurisdiction. In a world of shortages of raw materials and other vital resources, the ability to extend the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles is of undeniable importance for the access to mineral, energy and biogenetic resources.
We intend to analyze what has been done to transform the potential power of the Portuguese continental shelf in national power, trying to identify the factors that underlie the transformation process. We also want to debate the concepts of potential power and national power, identify the elements to recognize the continental shelf as a factor of national power, study the environmental context in which the process of powers conversion is taking place, and identify the challenges posed by the use of the potential power of the Portuguese continental shelf.
In order to reach these goals, we used the adapted from the perspective of systemic analysis carried out by David Easton, as proposed by Adriano Moreira in “Ciência Política”. For the definition of technical data collection and analysis we followed Carlos Diogo Moreira in “Teorias e Práticas de Investigação”, while for the seizure of data from the analysis model we used the method of abductive inference, as defined by Edward Waltz in “Knowledge Management in the Intelligence Enterprise”.
This study identifies the factors of conversion of the potential power to national power, according to their genetic, structural and operational aspects. We recognize the genetic factors as: (i) the mobilization of Portuguese society around the use of continental shelf resources, (ii) the knowledge of the Portuguese scientists, and (iii) the natural resources of the continental shelf. As structural level factors we identified: (i) integrated management of the maritime affairs, and (ii) the coastal space management. As operational factors we consider: (i) the sustained exploitation of marine resources, and (ii) the security of the Portuguese sea.The conclusions we present will allow the decision-makers to have a better understanding of the whole extension project, to evaluate the cost-benefit inherent in the development of such a project and identify possible courses of action to pursue in order to take advantage of the continental shelf potential power.
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Gärdsback, Mattias. "Deployment Control of Spinning Space Webs and Membranes." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Strukturmekanik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9574.
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Future solar sail and solar power satellite missions require deployment of large and lightweight flexible structures in space. One option is to spin the assembly and use the centrifugal force for deployment, stiffening and stabilization. Some of the main advantages with spin deployment are that the significant forces are in the plane of rotation, a relatively simple control can be used and the tension in the membrane or web can be adjusted by the spin rate to meet the mission requirements. However, a successful deployment requires careful development of new control schemes. The deployment rate can be controlled by a torque, applied either to a satellite in the center or by thrusters in the corners, or by deployment rate control, obtained by tether, spool braking or folding properties. Analytical models with only three degrees of freedom were here used to model the deployment of webs and membranes for various folding patterns and control schemes, with focus on space webs folded in star-like arms coiled around a center hub. The model was used to investigate control requirements and folding patterns and to obtain optimal control laws for centrifugal deployment. New control laws were derived from the optimal control results and previously presented control strategies. Analytical and finite element simulations indicate that the here developed control laws yield less oscillations, and most likely more robustness, than existing controls. Rotation-free (RF) shell elements can be used to model inflation or centrifugal deployment of flexible memebrane structures by the finite element method. RF elements approximate the rotational degrees of freedom from the out-of-plane displacements of a patch of elements, and thus avoid common singularity problems for very thin shells. The performance of RF shell elements on unstructured grids is investigated in the last article of this thesis, and it is shown that a combination of existing RF elements performs well even for unstructured grids.<br>QC 20100729
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Guccione, Salvatore. "Design and Optimization of a Sodium-Molten Salt Heat Exchanger for Concentrating Solar Power applications." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279783.
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Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) is one of the most promising renewable energybased electricity generation technologies to deal with the increasing demand of power consumption and environmental sustainability. With the aim of achieving the 2020 SunShot cost target for CSP of 60 USD/MWh, the United States Department of Energy presented, in May 2018, the Gen3 CSP initiative. In particular, the CSP Gen3 Liquid-Phase Pathway proposes to design a CSP system adopting liquid sodium as Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) in the receiver, advanced high-temperature molten chloride salt as storage fluid and supercritical CO2 (sCO2) Brayton cycle as power cycle. Within this framework, the aim of this master thesis was to design the sodium-chloride salt Heat Exchanger (HX) by developing both a heat exchanger model and a sodiumsalt-sCO2 system model. To pursue these purposes, a completely new Modelica-based HX model was developed and added to the SolarTherm library. Furthermore, as an extension of earlier models, the sodium-salt-sCO2 CSP system (NaSaltsCO2System) was implemented in SolarTherm, by incorporating the HX model and linking it with other new and existing component models. As for the HX, a general model was developed for shell and tube heat exchangers, based on the TEMA guidelines, with the possibility of being customized in terms of media adopted, constraints, boundary conditions, and correlations. The model performs an optimization in order to select the internal geometry configuration that optimizes a user-defined objective-function. By employing the implemented HX model in the NaSaltsCO2System, the sodium-salt heat exchanger was designed aiming at minimizing the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE), providing a complete geometry description, and an estimation of the performances and costs. The resulting NaSaltsCO2System model was found to be robust and able to perform annual simulations that allowed to estimate the energy performances of the CSP plant, as well as the LCOE. Considering the sodium-salt-sCO2 CSP system characterized by a receiver capacity of 543 MWth, 12 hours of Thermal Energy Storage (TES), and a 100 MWe power block, the LCOE resulted equal to 72.66 USD/MWh. The sodium-salt HX design that minimizes the LCOE resulted in a single-shell/single tube pass configuration, with vertical alignment, characterized by an overall height of 15 m, and a shell diameter of 1.8 m. It represents the 3.2% of the total capital cost of the plant. An interesting system-level optimization was then carried out on the combined receiver-heat exchanger block. It regarded the variation of the Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) of the HX and highlighted the possibility to drop the LCOE down to 68.54 USD/MWh. The techno-economic investigations and the sensitivity analysis showed the flexibility and robustness of the HX model, as well as the importance of the NaSaltsCO2System. The latter lays the groundwork to explore potential improvements of this new generation of CSP systems, which can play a fundamental role in the future global energy mix.<br>Termisk solkraft (CSP) är en av de mest lovande elproduktionsteknologierna baserade på förnybar energi. Den kan bidra till hanteringen av den ökande efterfrågan på energi och miljömässig hållbarhet. I syfte att uppnå 2020 SunShot-kostnadsmålet för CSP på 60 USD/MWh presenterade USA:s energidepartement Gen3 CSPinitiativet. I synnerhet föreslår CSP Gen Liquid-Phase Pathway att utforma ett CSPsystem som använder flytande natrium som värmeöverföringsvätska i mottagaren, smält kloridsalt med hög temperatur som lagringsvätska, samt superkritisk CO2 (sCO2) Brayton-cykel som kraftcykel. Syftet för detta examensarbete var att utforma natriumkloridsaltets primära värmeväxlare genom att utveckla både en värmeväxlarmodell (HX) modell och en natriumsalt-sCO2-systemmodell. För att fullfölja dessa syften utvecklades HX-modellen först, sedan implementerades natriumsalt-sCO2 CSP-systemet NaSaltsCO2System. Båda verktygen utvecklades med hjälp av Modelica som programmeringsspråk. De finns nu tillgängliga i det öppna SolarTherm-biblioteket. När det gäller HX utvecklades en allmän modell för skal- och rörvärmeväxlare med möjligheten att anpassas när det gäller antagna medium, begränsningar, gränsvillkor och korrelationer. Dessutom utförde modellen en optimering för att välja den interna geometri-konfigurationen som optimerar en användardefinierad objektiv-funktion. Genom att använda den implementerade HX-modellen i NaSaltsCO2System designades natriumsalt-värmeväxlaren, vilket gav en fullständig konfiguration-beskrivning och en uppskattning av prestanda och kostnader. Den utvecklade NaSaltsCO2System-modellen visade sig vara robust och kapabel till att utföra simuleringar på årsbasis. Detta gjorde det möjligt att uppskatta CSP-anläggningens energiprestanda samt LCOE. Det utvecklade natriumsalt-sCO2 CSP-systemet som känneteckna des av en mottagarkapacitet på 543 MWth, 12 timmars TES och ett 100 MWe power block, resulterade i en LCOE på 72.66 USD/MWh. Natrium-salt HX-konstruktionen som minimerade LCOE resulterade i en enskalig/enkel rörpassningskonfiguration, med vertikal inriktning, kännetecknad av en total höjd av 15 m och en skaldiameter på 1.8 m. Det motsvarade 3.2% av anläggningens totala kapitalkostnad. Den mest intressanta systemoptimeringen genomfördes på det kombinerade blocket bestående av mottagare och värmeväxlare. Den behandlade variationen av HX:s LMTD och framhöll möjligheten att sänka LCOE till 68.54 USD/MWh. De teknisk-ekonomiska undersökningarna och känslighetsanalysen visade flexibiliteten och robustheten i HX-modellen, liksom vikten av NaSaltsCO2Systemet. Den senare lägger grunden för att utforska potentiella förbättringar av denna nya generation av CSP-system, som kan spela en grundläggande roll i den framtida globala energimixen.
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Chiu, Huang-Chien, and 邱凰倩. "Producing ZST powder by Core-Shell techniques." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56927056435827955516.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>資源工程學系碩博士班<br>93<br>Producing Zr-Ti co-precipitate coating on the surface of SnO2 particles by core-shell technique was investigated in this study. This process reduced the reaction distance between Zr, Ti, and SnO2 particles and decreased the synthetic temperature in manufacturing ZST powders. Urea, as a precipitant, mixed homogeneously with Zr, Ti, and SnO2 particles slowly decomposed OH- to precipitate a Zr4+-Ti4+ coat on SnO2 surface by controlling heating conditions.
The results manifested that near 500 nm ZST starting powder with Zr-Ti co-precipitate as shell and SnO2 particles as core was obtained during 85~90℃ /13hrs. ZrTiO4 phase formed at 600℃, reacting with SnO2 to form ZST phase until 800℃. ZrTiO4 phase remained at 1150℃ result in the formation of ZST at higher temperature. There is no else phases except for ZST in XRD analysis of 1200℃/2hrs sample, but detectable amounts of ZrTiO4 particles were found in TEM/EDS analyses. This phenomenon probably caused by the error in Zr, Ti stoichiometric calculation. In future, a pure ZST phase can be able to produce by precise calculation in number of SnO2 particles and Zr, Ti stoichiometry.
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De-Tsai, Lin, and 林德財. "Manufacturing of Wood Particle Oyster-shell Powder Bonded Cement Composites." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45542270937095512807.
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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>木材工業系<br>93<br>We investigated the manufacturing conditions and forming properties of mixing wood particle, oyster-shell powder, with cement to produce wood particle oyster-shell powder bonded cement composites (WOCCs) by using conventional process and accelerating process. The variables were used hydration temperature, chemical additive, material, and amount of filler on composite. Aquiculture wastes, cement, and wood particles were mixed in five ratios: 0/80/20, 4/76/20, 8/72/20, 12/68/20 and 16/64/20based on oven dry weight. The water/cement ratio was 0.45 and 0.35.Calcium chloride and sodium silicate were added at a level of 3 %( based on cement weight). Boards were conditioned for 1 week. According to CNS 2215 and CNS 8463 methods to investigate physical, mechanical, and sound insulation of composites. Result of tests indicated: Hydration temperature of composites manufactured by accelerated CO2 process without adding chemical additive can reach 91.9℃, hence, it without using chemical additives. Compatibility of materials is related to hydration temperature. Water absorption of these composites manufactured by conventional process was slightly higher than that of accelerated CO2 manufactured process.10% replacement of cement with oyster-shell to manufacture composites showed its strength performance was slightly lower than that of without added oyster-shell. Accelerated CO2 manufactured process improved hydration temperature of cement and accelerated hardening of cement final stage, even without calcium chloride and sodium silicate, and is more economical than conventional process. Moisture loss decreased oyster-shell amount with increased, and boards properties at 60℃ was better than 100℃by conventional process. 5% replacement of cement with oyster-shell to manufacture composites showed decrease noise at 250 - 1K (Hz) than other composites.
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Lin, Li-Jing, and 林麗菁. "The Application of Ignited Freshwater Clam Shell Powder to Meat Processing." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79400164784098685243.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>食品科學系<br>103<br>Freshwater clam processing produces more than 8 tons of freshwater clam shell waste per year. The clam shell consists about 96 ~ 98% calcium carbonate. The objective of this study was to apply ignited freshwater clam shell as natual food additive to meat processing, including removing food pathogens from the pork, cleaning the food contact substances as the food-use detergents, and adding to the surimi for texture as a new food additive. Water contaminated with 108 CFU/ml coliform and Salmonella spps. solution reduced to non-detected by adding 0.3% ignited freshwater clam shell powder. Pork chunks soaked in 9 volumes of 0.3% shell powder solution for 3 minutes did not decrease in bacterial count. When pork chunks was soaked and shaked in the same solution, the coliform reduced from 103 to 102 MPN/g , Salmonella spps. reduced from 103 to 102 CFU/g , Staphylcoccus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes both reduced from 106 to 104 CFU/g respectively. Spray shell powder solution on the knife which was used to cut pork and soaked in water contaminated with 106 CFU/ml pathogens, including E. coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylcoccus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, all the pethogen counts decreased from 104 CFU/cm2 to non-detected respectively. Fish mince added with 5 ppm shell powder during mincing, the product folding test was AA grade based on A grade, the springiness, elasticity and the overall preference were better than ( p > 0.05 ) non-add in the consumer hedonic test. In conclusion, freshwater clam shell after ignition to powder can turn into natural food additive to improve the texture of minced fish products and detergent to reduce pathogens during meat processing.
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Chen, Hsing-Hung, and 陳星宏. "Study on the Improvement of Acid Soil with Oyster Shell Powder." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50367940064820926858.
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碩士<br>立德大學<br>資源環境研究所<br>98<br>Due to the hot and rainy climate in Taiwan there can be major issues with ph levels in the soil. Problems with soil acidification have become quite common. This is a serious problem. One possible solution can be found in a different problem; along the roadsides in many fishing villages throughout Taiwan you can find huge piles of oyster shells. People have tried to find uses for the shells but there are just too many. Recent research may have found a very useful solution to this problem. Oyster shells have a unique chemical compound that can aid in controlling or repairing the ph level of soil. This is an ideal strategy as it can produce higher crop yields and a more bountiful harvest while at the same time resolving the issue of what to do with the oyster shells once the oyster itself has been harvested.
This process has been shown to be effective in typical soil as well as in soil that is rich in clay. Depending on which soil type you are dealing with the ratio of oyster powder to soil varies. When dealing with clay the appropriate ratio is 3:1 soil to oyster powder and when working with standard soil the ratio is 2:1 soil to oyster powder.
As a test we planted both lettuce and spinach in the oyster shell enriched soil and clay and to form a base line for comparison we planted the same lettuce and spinach in non enriched clay and soil.
We tested our results by measuring the height circumference and quantity of leaves. The results were obvious and significant; all of the plants growing in the oyster shell enriched soils showed significant yield over the samples grown in non-enriched soils. One of the reasons that this positive differential may have been so significant is that the soil that had been enriched showed an improvement in ph levels.
The analysis of the research showed that clay and oyster shell powder mixed at a ratio of 3:1 was most suitable for lettuce. In practical application using oyster shell powder instead of traditional lime processing can be achieved by incorporating 50 tons of oyster shell powder for each 1000 square meters of pH5.34 acid soil. The analysis also showed that clay and oyster shell powder mixed at a ratio of 2:1 was most suitable for spinach. In practical application using oyster shell powder instead of traditional lime processing can be achieved by incorporating 75 tons of oyster shell powder for each 1000 square meters of pH5.34 acid soil.
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Liu, Shu-Chih, and 劉淑志. "Preparation and investigation of biodegradable blends of poly(lactic acid), rice husk powder and oyster shell powder." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54719023613427953124.
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碩士<br>桃園創新技術學院<br>材料應用科技研究所<br>102<br>In this study, rice husk (RH) and oyster shell (OS) was thermally blended with Polylatic acid (PLA) as a filler. All blends were prepared using a plasti-corder and characterized with tensile properties, thermal properties and fracture microstructure. Scanning electron micrographs show that the phase separation occurred in the fracture surface leading to poor tensile properties. Therefore, Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) were used as the interfacial compatibilizer to improve the mechanical properties of PLA/RH, PLA/OS and PLA/RH/OS composites. It is evident that the addition of MDI can improve the tensile strength from 19.2 MPa to 42.8, and 19.3 to 42.6 MPa for the blend with 50 wt% RH and OS, respectively. In order to understand the interesting properties, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), morphological analysis (SEM) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water absorbtion and biodegradable properties were characterized.
In addition, the crystallization kinetics of PLA/OS composites were determined over a range of 0 to 4 wt% of OS. OS was found to change the crystallization kinetics. The presence of OS increases the crystallization rate and this increase is related to OS content and crystallization temperature. The thermo property were influenced by adding OS. The nucleation rate and Tm was the highest while addtion of OS approached the optimum content. The result of water absorbtion showed that the hydrophilicity decreased with increasing OS content. in constract, the hydrophilicity increased with increasling RH content. Furthermore, the PLA/OS composites exhibited excellent antibacterial activities toward S. aureus and E. coli. The possible reasons for these remarkable properties of the PLA/OS and PLA/RH/OS composites are proposed in this study.
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LIU, HOU-ZHI, and 劉厚志. "Treatment of Electroplating Wastewater by Oyster Shell Powder Combined with UV/H2O2." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xhxup7.
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碩士<br>高苑科技大學<br>化工與生化工程研究所<br>102<br>In this study, the real electroplating wastewater were sampled from an electroplating factory located in Gangshan section, Kaohsiung. Electroplating wastewater plant was divided into two parts, one is rinse wastewater, and the other is chromium wastewater. The investi-gation of water qualities included pH, DOC, COD, conductivity, SS, heavy metals, where the test of heavy metal were iron, chromium, nickel, lead, copper and cadmium. The water quality of rinse wastewater and chromium wastewater were pH 2.27 and 4.1, DOC 300.93 mg/L and 83.27 mg/L, COD 1324.4 mg/L and 383.6 mg/L, SS 50.4 mg/L and 66.4 mg/L, and conductivity 22.1 ms/cm and 3.93 ms/cm. In addition, the concentration of iron concentration is 340.3 mg/L of rinse wastewater and the chromium is 301.9 mg/L of chromium wastewater.
The results showed that the heavy metal could be remove from wastewater by oyster shell powder. Because of the alkalinity of oyster shell powder in the water, the mechanism of removal of heavy metal is precipitation by heavy hydroxide. The order of heavy metal removal is as follow: Cr ﹥Fe ﹥Ni for rinse wastewater. The removals were 100%, 98%, and 96%, respectively. On the other hand, the heavy metal removal order is as follow: Fe = Ni ﹥Cr. The removals were 100%, 100%, and 79.9%, respectively. After treatment of oyster shell powder, the supernatant was treated by UV/H2O2 oxidation. The results showed that the DOC reduced from 16.64mg/L to 0.23mg/L for chro-mium wastewater .The DOC removal was 98.6%. Further, the DOC reduced from 30.87mg/L to 0.91mg/L for rinse wastewater by UV/H2O2 oxidation. The DOC removal was 97.1%. Thus, the treatment of oyster shell powder combined with UV/H2O2 could reduce heavy metal and organics for electroplating wastewater.
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楊宗潾. "The Synthesis of Si/SiOx Core-shell Nanowires via Mixing Powder Method." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69171501754431311151.
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Lin, Shenghsien, and 林聖賢. "The degradation of PCBs using oyster shell powder and titanium dioxide photocatalysts." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06049513049530496767.
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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>環境工程與科學系所<br>103<br>Photodegradation is one of the most important mechanisms of natural degradation for organic pollutants in environment especially through the indirect photodegradation. The advantage of indirect photodegradation can be an efficient method with low equipment cost, less complicated operation processes, low energy consumption, and capable of using solar energy. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was a commonly used photocatalyst, but UV illumination was required as the light source to reach the beneficial efficiency. In addition, the minimization of the recombination of electron-hole pair (e-/h+) was the most important challenge. In this study, the sol-gel method was used to prepare TiO2 photocatalysts with oyster shell powder on TiO2 to improve their photocatalytic activity, and to further explore the treatment of methylene blue and PCBs aqueous solutions.
The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed in this study the calcium ion radius increased with the increase of TiO2 anatase transition temperature into the rutile . The findings of SEM tests also showed that the addition of different particle sizes oyster shell powder will affect catalyst particle sizes. Degradation percentages for 0.14mm-0.5wt%-OT(500℃),1.00mm-0.5wt%-OT(500℃) and 0.14mm-0.5wt%-OT(600℃) of methylene blue were more than 99 % under natural sunlight after 5 hours. Using the best experimental factor to degrade the PCBs. The degradation percentage and mineralization were 40.6 %and 14.1 %, respectively. Durability experiment confirmed that self-prepared catalysts in this study can be economically benefitial for the applications of environmental protection studies.
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Kun-YuShiau and 蕭坤煜. "Evaluation of Oyster Shell Powder as Filler in Dense Grade Asphalt Concrete." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d59nz7.
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Wang, Shu-Yun, and 王姝勻. "The Functional Studies of Antioxidant Ability and Antihypertension with Soft-shell Turtle Powder." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69483149613554606262.
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碩士<br>實踐大學<br>食品營養與保健生技研究所<br>96<br>Soft-shell turtle (SST) is one kind of traditional food that good for health. It contained 62.3 % crude protein, 2.0% crude fat, 5.05% water and 30.8 % ash. SST powder was extracted by different solution to obtain different characteristics protein. We determined the free radical scavenging ability, reducing power and iron chelating ability of the extracted solutions. The DPPH scavenging ability of the 0.5M NaCl extacted solution was the best. Water extraction did not increase in different extraction time. The condition of the optimal incubation temperatures for bromelain, ficin and papain were 60℃, 60℃and 65℃, respectively. Best hydrolysis acid-base environment of bromelain, ficin and papain individually at pH 7, pH 9 and pH 8. The suitable ratio of the enzyme and substract was [ E / S = 1 / 2000 ] . The ACE IC50 of the papain and ficin hydrolysate was 2.30 mg/mL and 1.99 mg/mL , individually. After dialysis, the molecular weight more than 3500Da of papain and ficin hydrolysate ACE inhibition IC50 was 3.02 mg/mL and 4.36 mg/mL, molecular weight less than 3500Da, ACE inhibition IC50 was 4.51 mg/mL and 5.21 mg/mL, individually. SHR was treated with different dosage of papain hydrolysate molecular weight less than 3500Da by oral administration. After 8 weeks, blood pressure of high dosage group was showed significantly lower than control group, the change of pressure close to positive control group.
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Lin, Yi-Hong, and 林壹鴻. "Application of Incinerated Oyster Shell Powder on the Quality of Fresh-Cut Vegetables." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28432574662920963466.
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碩士<br>中國文化大學<br>生活應用科學研究所<br>97<br>Incinerated oyster shell powder(IOSP) was applied to cleaning process of fresh-cut vegetables, and compared with other commonly cleaning solutions. The impact, were studied on the quality of fresh-cut vegetables.
The result of comparison, on the vegetable hardness and hardness during the chill by different cleaning dipping solutions was found that the 3% sodium chloride may result in the large loss of water from vegetable also hurts their qualities; hence it is not suitable for the processing of vegetables. In addition, the 3% sodium bicarbonate for cleaning and dipping vegetables caused the downward trend of their textures. The hardness slightly also down comparing the other treatments. The 0.5% IOSP group was indicated effectively improving the hardness of vegetables, and the hardness after storage was still better than the other groups. For poached Chinese cabbage, treated with 0.5%IOSP, could delay the decline in vegetable hardness after cooking and heating, and maintain the better taste. It was shown the significant difference (p <0.05) with the other groups.
Regarding to color, treating with different cleaning solutions was found the influence on the L *, a * and b * value of cuted vegetables, by the sensory evaluation showed that these changes would not affect consumers’ degree of preference for the color of vegetables. For green vegetables, all kind of cleaning solutions did not affect significantly the total chlorophyll content.
For the microbiological testing, the 0.5% IOSP washed vegetables could reduce 2.55-4.06 log CFU / g of the total count plate number, and 2.7-3.38 log CFU / g of the coliform group number. The function of reducing bacterial numbers was more effectively than other groups.
The result of IOSP for the degradation of active pesticide ingredient showed the best ability on the Carbaryl pesticide, with the amount of added 0.5 percent. The residual amount was 1.91ppm, indicating removal percentage is as high as 80.9 percent, but the effect of degradation to Fenthion and Methomyl pesticide was not obviously.
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Tsai, Ting-Han, and 蔡定翰. "Development of Oyster Shell Powder Insulation Coating and Study for Its Thermal Properties." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42665368537594079450.
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碩士<br>明志科技大學<br>環境與資源工程研究所<br>101<br>For many years the place of human life due to over-exploitation will face Urban heat island effect, and it is located in the subtropical regions of Taiwan, so that Taiwan needs a lot of time in the summer air conditioning cooling energy. However, long-term use of air conditioning cooling energy to the carbon emissions will face down the problem, therefore, a variety of cool effects with insulation coating research and product As it was born. In this study the discarded oyster shells to replace the environmental insulation coating of titanium dioxide as the pigments and fillers, first to contribute to a low-cost, second to contribute to waste reduction.
The results show that replace configurations CaCO3-oyster shell powder ratio in the coating is high, the increase in thermal conductivity of coating, at 20%, 40% and 80% of the replace ratio of the thermal conductivity coefficient is about the same, but when the replace ratio reaches 100% when the thermal conductivity coefficient will be decreased gradually; in this study, the solar radiation irradiator through self-development of the simulation results showed that the ratio of CaCO3- oyster shell powder replacement at 10%, 20% and 40% of the difference between the insulation effect is not large, but the replace ratio as high as 80% and 100% when the insulation effect will be poor.
CaCO3-oyster shell powder, which will replace the higher ratio of titanium dioxide decreased ability to tune the white, the color of the paint darkens eventually lead to a decline in albedo, this study screened out by various conditions 40% ratio to develop the most feasible.
Finally, calcined at 600 degrees into the CaCO3-oyster shell powder to replace 40% of titanium dioxide pigments and fillers as insulation coating and insulation coating compared to pure titanium dioxide, in the real field, indoor insulation effect compared to its analog differences are not very large. Without applying the environmental control simulation test house with "Oyster shell powder environmental insulation coating" after coating results displayed on its energy saving, energy efficiency one day up to about 13.27%. Therefore discarded oyster to replace the titanium dioxide used as paint pigments and fillers is a potential for development and application value.
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HSU-CHING-YING and 許敬英. "Effect of oyster shell powder on antimicrobial properties of different varieties of foods." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89564420793461233139.
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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>食品科學系所<br>100<br>In Taiwan, 160,000 tons of waste oyster shells are deposited on the beach every year and cause environment problem. Studies have shown that ashed oyster powder with high pH has inhibition effect that can extend shelf-life of food products. This research purpose has two parts: At first, we discuss oyster micro-powder ashed at different temperatures (600℃-1000℃) was added at different concentrations (0.79mg/mL-200 mg/mL) into media to study the inhibitory effect on growth of food pathogens such as Escherichia coli BCRC10675, Staphylococcus aureus BCRC12947, Salmonella typhimurium BCRC10780, Bacillus cereus BCRC10603, Vibrio parahaemolyticus BCRC12959, Kloeckera apiculata BCRC20539, and Aspergillus niger BCRC30204. The results show that the shell powder by high temperature treatment (ashed at 900℃ for 5 hours) at a concentration of 1.25% was strongly inhibitory to growth of food pathogens, and the diameter of growth inhibition was more than 10.0 mm. Inhibition of A. niger growth showed that 800℃ shell powder ashed 5 hours with a concentration of 1% reduced A. niger mycelium weight. Second, we study the extension of the shelf- life of food products (Soy products, baked product, rice, noodles). Results show that total bacterial counts after adding 0.5% shell
powder (ashed at 900℃ for 5 hours) to tofu and frozen tofu, reduce 4.19×106 CFU/mL and 4.16×105 CFU/mL, respectively, compared with the commercial tofu. Texture profile analysis of tofu to add 0.1% ash shell powder higher hardness than the not to add shell powder in tofu. The results of tofu sensory evaluation, add 0.1% ash shell powder has the best overall acceptability, and add 0.1% ash shell powder tofu tissue hardness is the highest. Homemade baked product add 1% shell powder is extended by 10 days of shelf life than not added shell powder. Add 0.5% of the shell powder and cooked rice texture profile analysis chewiness higher than not added shell powder. Results show that total bacterial counts after adding 0.5% ash shell powder (ashed at 37℃ for 24H) to cooked rice, reduce 3.2 Log (CFU / mL). Results show that total bacterial counts after adding 0.1% ash shell powder (ashed at 5℃ for 24H) to cooked rice, reduce 3.6 Log (CFU/mL). Results show that total bacterial counts after adding 0.5% ash shell powder (ashed at 25℃ for 15days) to homemade noodle, reduce 1Log (CFU/mL). Ash shell powder in the application of food to extend shelf-life.
Keywords : oyster shells, calcium oxide, ashing, shelf-life
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CAI, DONG-LIN, and 蔡東霖. "Removal of Cd、Pb、Cu、Ni、Cr from Aqueous Solution by Oyster Shell Powder." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f9ezhj.
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碩士<br>高苑科技大學<br>化工與生化工程研究所<br>102<br>In this study, the oyster shell powder was adopted to remove heavy metal Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Cr from synthetic wastewater. The control factories of experiment were calcination temperature of oyster shell powder, particle size, dosage of oyster shell powder, reaction time, and agitating speed. Taguchi method L18 orthogonal array was conducted to evaluate the removal efficiency.
The results showed that the effect on heavy metal removal by oyster shell powder is as follow: dosage of oyster shell powder> calcination temperature > removal time = particle size > agitating speed. The higher temperature, finer particle size, more dosage, more reaction time, the higher removal. The conduction of experiments were: calcination of oyster shell powder: 300 ℃, 600 ℃, 1000 ℃; particle size: 6, 20, 42 mesh; dosage: 1, 2, 3 g; reaction time: 30, 60, 90 min; agitating speed: 30, 60, 100rpm. In case of calcination of oyster shell powder 300 ℃, 600 ℃and 1000 ℃, the concentration of heavy metal was 10 mg/L, the removal reached 95% by dosage of 3g, 2g and 1g, respectively. On the other hand, the results showed that the removal mechanism is owing oyster shell powder produced alkalinity in the water and raised pH higher than 10. The high pH led precipitation of metal hydroxide. Therefore, before the discharge of effluent, the pH adjusted to neutral is necessary. Thus, the heavy metal Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr could be removed effectively from wastewater by oyster shell powder.
Keywords: Oyster shell, Taguchi, heavy metal
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Huang, Chi-Lun, та 黃啟倫. "Synthesizing Mn doped α-alumina/mullite/silica powder with core-shell structure by hydrothermal". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53435505753264296948.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>資源工程學系碩博士班<br>94<br>Driven by trends in fashion, automotive and other consumer markets, pigments that generate special effects like angle-dependent color or decorative texture have a growing economic significance and can be found in various industrial products and end-user applications. Manganese-doped alumina (α-Al2O3) powders have important applications in the ceramic industry as pink pigments. They are industrially produced by using the traditional ceramic procedure that involves the mixing of the metal cations precursors (hydroxides, oxides or carbonates) and the calcination at high temperature of the mixture to develop the desired color and crystalline structure.
In this study, hydrothermal method was selected to synthesis pink pigment powders. Aluminum and manganese nitrate was selected as a source of Al and Mn, while silica powder was introduced into hydrothermal system as core substance. The advantage of this experiment will be, lower temperature to produce precursor boehmite phase, fine and uniform particle size of pigment powder and core-shell structure to enhance color performance. We could use some instruments for inspecting such as DTA, SEM, EDS, XRD and Zeta potential, etc.
We have found the lowest temperature that reaction could be product by DTA. Observing the structure of powder in high temperature by SEM and confirming core-shell structure is success by EDS and Zeta potential. Powders have provided with color of pink. We could enable the powders to need lower temperature to synthesize about 100℃ and use fewer nitrides to avoid danger of experiment.
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Cheng, Shang-Guan, and 程尚冠. "Evaluation effect of microencapsulated incinerated oyster shell powder as a preservative in pork jerky." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02018519729068986001.
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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>食品科學系所<br>104<br>Pork jerky is a semi-dry product and a popular traditional snack, usually added with potassium sorbate as preservative. In recent years, consumption and dietary patterns tend to be natural and healthy diet. It is reported that chemical preservatives are harmful to human body. Therefore, looking for natural alternative antibacterial substances is required. Researches indicate that oyster shell after heat treatment at higher than 700℃, however, the main component of oyster shells, calcium carbonate can convert to calcium oxide (CaO) which is known to possess antibacterial properties. The antimicrobial effect of microencapsulated incinerated oyster shell powder (mIOSP), used as a alternative preservative in pork jerky was evaluated.
Results indicated the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of mIOSP against Aspergillus niger, Penicillin Italian and Aspergillus flavus were approximate to Potassium sorbate and Sodium benzoate. Furthermore , the MIC values of mIOSP against Bacillus cereus、Escherichia coli、Kloeckera apiculata and Staphylococcus aureus were less than chemical preservatives. mIOSP exhibited 98% antifungal activity at 2.5 mg/mL.
The mIOSP can release shell powder continuously. The pH of mIOSP solution has no significant change during 6 weeks storage, however it have different inhibition rate agains to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It migh indicate that antibacterial mechanism of mIOSP was not only beacause of alkaline. The color, moisture, Aw and TBA value of pork jerky added with 1% mIOSP were not significantly different from control sample. Althought the pH of pork jerky added with 1% mIOSP were significantly higher than control, it still in neutral. The pH, moisture and Aw of pork jerky has no significant change during 60 days storage. The lipid stability of MA 0.25%、MA 0.5% and MA 1% were more stable than control sample during storage at 4℃ and 25℃. The addition of mIOSP (0.5% and 0.1%) for pork jerky manufacturing resulted in a good sensory evaluation and the extension of shelf life. In summary, it was feasible that use mIOSP as a alternative preservative in pork jerky.
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Liu, Jai-Han, and 劉佳翰. "Application of microencapsulated incinerated oyster shell powder on fresh-cut vegetables and fruits washing." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81961002992507622535.
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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>食品科學系所<br>104<br>Fresh vegetables and fruits after the treatment of selecting, cutting, washing and disinfecting are called processed vegetables and fruits, also called half-processed vegetables and fruits and minimally processed vegetables. Sodium hypochlorite is usually used to reduce bacteria on the surface of vegetables and fruits industry. Although high concentration of sodium hypochlorite has better antimicrobial ability, it is easy to cause off-odor and the corrosion of metal equipment, and it will result in forming halogenide with food components, and increase the hazard to customer health. Many foreign researches of oyster shell powder revealed that it has powerful antimicrobial ability. There are oyster shell powder products have been on the market, but the poor solubility and dispersion ability of these products limit them application on washing of vegetables and fruits. The objectives of this study are to investigate the application of microencapsulated of incinerated oyster shell powder (mIOSP) and other cleaners of vegetables and fruits including sodium hypochlorite, acetic acid, salty water and potassium sorbate. The result revealed the growth of Escherichia coli BCRC10675, 11509 and Kloeckera apiculata treated with 1.25% mIOSP or 50 ppm NaOCl for 1 min are totally inhibited. Bacillus cereus was totally inhibited after treating with 1.25% mIOSP and 50 ppm NaOCl for 1 and 5 min, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus treated with 50 ppm NaOCl for 5 min was totally inhibited. But it was reduced by 4.83 Log CFU/mL after treating with 1.25% mIOSP for 30 min treatment. Compared to other bactericidal solution, 1.25% mIOSP has better bactericidal effect to Listeria welshimeri, the colony number reduced by 5.06 Log CFU/mL after 30 min. The inhibition of total plate count and coliform were more effective at cucumber, green pepper and tomato treated with 1.25% mIOSP than 50 ppm NaOCl during storage. No significant difference of change of pH value on cucumber, green pepper and tomato after different solution washing during storage. Cucumber treated with 1.25% mIOSP increased green color in the period of storage. Green pepper treated with 1.25% mIOSP keeped higher L* value and postponed the reducing of green color among storage. The changes of color (L*a*b*) values were similar in 1.25% mIOSP treated tomato during storage. No significant of sensory evaluation difference between sample treated with 1.25% mIOSP, 50 ppm NaOCl and control.
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Lu, Ying, and 呂螢. "A study of applicability using Shell white Powder as infilling materials for hanging scroll." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m6rsde.
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碩士<br>國立臺南藝術大學<br>博物館學與古物維護研究所<br>106<br>Infilling is an extremely procedure in conservation. According to different artwork
defect, we use distinct method. Ancestors using white pigment fill thin coating in vacant
post. Nowadays we use airbrush full of microcrystalline cellulose to solve problems
about uneven thickness. Our experiment is about using four kind of different stuff Xuan
paper+Paste,Gofun+Gelatin, Gofun+Sturgeon Glue, microcrystalline cellulose
+adhesive after accelerated ageing, to analysis and compare. We discover that using
these four kind of stuff fill the thickness of Xuan paper, after accelerated ageing , we
can see Xuan paper+paste has excellent permanent. After aging procedure, the paper
properties were evaluated in four sets of experiments. Firstly, in ％ISO detection, the
whiteness of gofun mixed with gelatin and that of gofun mixed with sturgeon glue were
both whiter than that of xuan mixed with paste, but that of microcrystalline cellulose
mixed with adhesive, which can be regarded as certain yellowing, was less white than
that of xuan paper mixed with paste. Compare with Critical Marks of Color Change
According to the National Bureau Standards, Gofun+Gelatin and Gofun+ Sturgeon
Glue’s standard is in Marked change to Extremely marked change, microcrystalline
cellulose +adhesive is in Extremely marked change. We speculate adhesive ageing and
influence with carbonyl, makes big color difference. In UVC they all has fluorescence,
this indicate it has deterioration. Under SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) to
observe image, we could seelaid line, stress ,and Animal glue deterioration. Any of
these could cause crease deterioration. In our final discussion, if you use Gofun or
microcrystalline cellulose to replace Xuan paper to fill the vacant post in hanging scroll,
it has a extremely percentage to get deterioration.
Key word: infilling, shell white, Gofun, microcrystalline cellulose
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Li, Yen-Ju, and 李彥儒. "The feasibility research of making pearl powder with main economic shellfish's discarded shell of Taiwan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88467461714667980825.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>資源工程學系碩博士班<br>95<br>Abstract:
The research studies the shells of Taiwan shellfishes, such as, oyster, clam, freshwater clam and abalone, as the raw material for preparation of pearl powder.
Firstly, we treat the shells by an intensive mechanical washing by flowing water. A chemical treatment in an ultrasonic reactor of the washed shells was intended for the complete removal of shell converings, using such reagents as (A) NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite), (B) H2O2, (C) HCl. After the clean shells were crushed and grinded, the finished products compared with pearl powder, such as: crystalline phase, content of calcium carbonate, trace element, protein and amino acid.
In the research, the condition of clam conforms to pearl powder mostly among these disused shells. The powder of clam is composed of aragonite by XRD. Its calcium content reaches 46.22% by EDS, its calcium carbonate content reaches 94.06% by TG and its trace element content is close with the commercial pearl powder. In addition, its soluble protein concentration is inferior to concentration of the pearl powder, however, it contains the same category of amino acid as pearl powder and just has the different content.
By way of grinding, we finds that particle size of the clam sample is approximately 28400mesh (D50=0.523μm) after ball-milling for 16h and 14400mesh (D50=1.028μm) after agitation milling for 2h. Results of both methods can achieve the standard that the commercial requests.
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Lin, Chiao-Wen, and 林巧雯. "Phosphorus Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Oyster Shell Powder–Adsorption Isotherm and Miscible Displacement Studies." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10626086410636292266.
Full text
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Chen, Yueh-Chen, and 陳月珍. "Studies on the use of shrimp shell powder and modified clay as binder for mycotoxin adsorption." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38071918711915397349.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>應用化學系碩士班<br>98<br>This study was designed to explore the modification of clay, shrimp powder, crab shell powder and oyster shell powder of different adsorbents on aflatoxin, fumonisins toxin , zearalenone toxin and deoxynivalenol toxin adsorption. Experimental system used four kinds of toxins and toxin mixture into the four single toxin. Effects of different pH, adsorbent particle size, binder CaCO3 removal and the different buffer systems on the effect of adsorption. In this study, the use of binder powder from shrimp shell by the treatment, out of the binder prepared. Adsorption mechanism which is mainly van der Waals forces to the adsorption of mycotoxins. Binder adsorption sieved little effect on the toxin. CaCO3 removal of the toxin zearalenone little effect on adsorption.
In 20 mL 0.015 M Citric-phosphate Buffer System adsorption ratio of 20 mL 0.03 M Citric-phosphate Buffer system, much higher adsorption, indicating a significant effect of salt concentration on the adsorption of positive influence. Clay, Shr, Shr * and Shr M on the adsorption of aflatoxin best, almost 100% absorption rate. fumonisins toxins adsorption efficiency up to 80% absorption rate, while the zearalenone toxin adsorption of only 20% of the maximum adsorption rate, adsorption on the vomiting toxin has the best 100% absorption rate.
Of this research binder adsorption effect on the results of the four toxins future information can be added adsorbent grain feed them to test its adsorption, and thus improve the human diet and reduce the risk of mycotoxin entering the human body through the food chain causing health hazards.
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Cheng, Chao-Hsin, and 鄭昭信. "Saline-sodic soil improvement with soil leaching and oyster shell powder on effectiveness of growing sesbania." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94670344332491092856.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>生物學系<br>100<br>Saline-sodic soil of the west coast of Taiwan is about 5.8 percent of total arable land in Taiwan to cause the plant stress and limit plant species richness and survival. Oyster is the common seafood of the coastal region in Changhua county and produces large amount of shell discarded.
Test soil was collected from an abandoned farms near the coast of the Fangyuan township in Changhua county, treated with water leaching (0, 3 times, 6 times, 10 times water of the total pore volume) and oyster shell adding (0%, 5%, 10 %) as the saline-sodic soil amelioration. Sesbania, a salt-tolerant green manure crop, was planted after the test soil treated with different combinations of water leaching and oyster-shell powder adding to investigate the soil amelioration effects about those treatments.
Statistical analysis presented that water leaching caused the significant effect in the rise of pH value and the decline of EC,KN,OC,K＋,Na＋,Ca2＋and Mg2＋ on test soil. After water leaching, oyster shell powder was added and mixed into saline-sodic soil to display very significantly promoting effect on the seed germination rate, plant height and fresh weight of sesbania.
Saline-sodic soil treated with water leaching with 6 times of pore volume and adding 5% oyster shell powder was the best treatment condition for soil amelioration to raise the pH value, reduce soluble metal ions, and enhance sesbania growth. Treatments with more water volume or oyster powder could not produce more effect. Recycling and application of oyster shell powder not only let the local waste be an useful resource as soil amelioration to improve the coastal soil condition, but also reduce the consumption of freshwater resource.
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Behera, Deepak Kumar. "Investigation in to Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Pistachio Shell Powder (Pistacia Vera) Reinforced Epoxy Composite." Thesis, 2017. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/8994/1/2017_MT_DKBehera.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In my present investigation on pistachio shell powder filled epoxy composite with filler content from 5wt. % to 20 wt. % were developed required to improve the tribological and mechanical properties of epoxy. Tensile strength and impact strength were calculated experimentally. Tribological wear test were performed utilising pin-on-disc machine. Composites having 5wt. %, 10wt. %, 15wt. %, and 20wt. % of pistachio shell powder filled epoxy was developed in the laboratories with the help of a self-designed mould. All Tests were conducted accordance to ASTM standards. It has been discovered that as the percentage of filler material increases from 5wt. % to 20wt. %, the mechanical and tribological behaviour of composite becomes superior. The improvement of these properties is due to robust adhesion between the pistachio shell powder and epoxy which may have aroused due to development of an interphase among the rubber wood powder and epoxy-matrix.
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Chen, Chun-Wei, and 陳純葳. "Effect of Amendment of Soil with Shrimp and Crab Shell Powder on Control of Tomato Fusarium Wilt." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76798645126359008149.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>植物病理學系所<br>94<br>Tomato Fusarium wilt is an important disease during summer season in Taiwan. Tomato seedlings were planted in nature soil and infested soil respectively treated with ten different organic amendments for seven days. Amendments of soil with rice husk, shrimp and crab shell powder, and oyster shell powder were able to enhance tomato growth and reduced disease severity of tomato Fusarium wilt. Application of shrimp and crab shell powder was significantly effective in reducing disease severity of tomato Fusarium wilt in greenhouse tests. The disease severity of tomato Fusarium wilt was significantly reduced 38.9％. In addition, the disease severity was reduced with increasing the concentration of shrimp and crab shell powder. The high pH values were observed in soil amended with 0.5、1.0％(w/w) shrimp and crab shell powder and chitin at day 0. However, the pH value of soil amended with chitin 14 days after treatment was lower than control, and the pH value of soil amended with shrimp and crab shell powder was still maintained higher 35 days after treatment. Concentration of ammonium increased rapidly, reached a peak in soil amended with shrimp and crab shell powder at 4th day or in soil amended with chitin at 7th day, and then decreased. Concentration of nitrite only increased in soil amended with shrimp and crab shell powder. After 4th day, concentration of nitrate in both treatments increased rapidly. Shrimp and crab shell powder and chitin stimulated proliferation of beneficial microorganisms including fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes, and reduced population density of the pathogen. Fungal populations were significantly higher in soil amended with chitin than one with shrimp and crab shell powder. Soil amended with shrimp and crab shell powder and chitin also showed a high microbial activity detected by hydrolysis of fluorecein diacetate (FDA). The inhibitory effect of soil amended with shrimp and crab shell powder and chitin on conidial germination was nullified when soil was pre-treated by heat for 20 min at 100℃. The results suggest that the presence of microorganisms in soil may play an important role in suppression of tomato Fusarium wilt with shrimp and shell powder or chitin. It was concluded that soil amended with shrimp and crab shell powder could increase soil pH, microbial ability, also enhanced tomato seedling growth and reduced disease severity of tomato Fusarium wilt.