Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Shell Roofs'

There are indications that thin shells are once again becoming a popular option for roofs covering large column free spaces. Relative to other structural forms there is relatively little analysis of their dynamic response. Especially in seismically active regions, this paucity of analyses could be of considerable significance. This research reports a verification study based upon two independent methods: a finite element solution and a newly developed analytical method. For typical cylindrical shell roofs these methods have been used to determine the spectra of natural vibration modes, displacements, accelerations and stress resultants of the shell under the action of the vertical motions of a selected earthquake. The comparisons showed the FE and analytical results to be in practically excellent agreement. The study of the numbers of modes required for accurate prediction of displacement, acceleration, and stress response for a specific geometry of shell showed that unlike ordinary buildings, in roof shells there is a need to include substantial number of modes for a converged result. Of the limited past investigations on how thin shell roofs respond to earthquakes, attention has been restricted to consideration of just the out-of-plane modes, with the contributions from the in-plane modes usually neglected. The importance of the inclusion of in-plane modes for a cylindrical shell subject to the vertical component of a selected earthquake loading showed that these modes can potentially have a major impact on the predicted levels of in-plane deformation and the associated membrane stresses, and therefore depending on the type of earthquake should be included for reliable estimates of earthquake response. The assessment of the relative importance of the horizontal and vertical components of earthquakes showed that vertical components result in higher accelerations and stresses compared to the horizontal components. In the past investigations of how thin shell roofs respond to earthquakes, attention has been largely restricted to linear analysis, with contributions from pre-loading usually neglected. The independent approaches using finite element solution and a newly developed analytical method indicate that inclusion of self-weight and additional superimposed loading can significantly reduce the predicted natural frequencies. Consequently inclusion of pre-loading is shown to have a major influence on the levels of deformations and the associated membrane stresses. It is concluded that performing a modal analysis in which the effects of pre-loading are ignored could lead to serious underestimation of responses for large roof shells under earthquake loading. Furthermore a nonlinear snap buckling analysis showed that the snap buckling loads are much lower than the classical critical loads in cylindrical roof shell, which suggest a need for a complete nonlinear analysis for the cases of shell with pre-loading close to snap buckling loads. The final section of the present research compares the frequencies and linear responses of a doubly curved shell with a cylindrical shell. The results showed that the frequencies of a doubly curved shell are higher than a cylindrical shell. The increase in the natural frequencies resulted in much lower displacements and stress resultant responses in the doubly curved shell.

The building industry makes up a considerable fraction of world&
#8217
s energy consumption. The adverse effects of a growing energy demand such as depletion in fossil fuel reserves and natural resources hassled the building industry to a search for new technologies that result in less energy consumption together with the maximum utilization of natural resources. Energy- and ecology-conscious European countries incorporated the well-being of occupants while conducting research on innovative technologies. In view of the fact that double-skin faç
ades offer a healthy and comfortable milieu for the occupants and use natural resources hence consume less energy they became a promising invention for all concerns. The analysis of the performance of the double-skin faç
ades and energy consumption is inconclusive at this time. However, based upon thermal performance analysis have been done so far, a double-skin faç
ade perform better and provide some energy reduction, particularly on the heating side cycle, from a standard double glazed unit wall. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between double-skin faç
ades and building management systems in intelligent office buildings as they relate to energy efficiency issues thus to find out whether or not the integration of these systems into intelligent buildings provides optimization in energy performance and comfort conditions. The building for the case study, which is an intelligent office building incorporating a double-skin faç
ade was selected as one that promises high comfort conditions for the occupants with low energy consumption. The working principles of integrated faç
ade systems, together with their advantages and disadvantages were investigated by means of the case study. It was concluded that due to their high initial costs, these systems offer no real advantages for today. However with the inevitable exhaustion of fossil fuels that is foreseen for the future, these systems would become an innovative solution in terms of energy conservation.

Coberturas em casca de concreto apresentam bom desempenho estrutural, desde que a forma de sua superfície média seja adequada para resistir predominantemente com esforços de membrana ao carregamento atuante. Atualmente, é possível utilizar-se métodos numéricos para determinar a forma mais adequada de uma casca para carregamentos de naturezas diversas e várias condições de apoio, projetando-se cascas com forma livre. Uma das grandes dificuldades para aplicação dessas estruturas consiste em compatibilizar um processo executivo adequado para moldagem de formas livres, que têm características geométricas muito complexas. A utilização de processo executivo de construção tipo sanduíche, com concreto ou argamassa projetados, é vista neste trabalho como uma alternativa para a viabilização dessas estruturas. Propõe-se definir procedimentos para o projeto de cascas com forma livre, utilizando-se recursos computacionais para definição da forma e análise da estrutura, e um método construtivo adequado a esse tipo de estrutura. Apresentam-se os resultados de geração de formas livres com métodos numéricos disponíveis, bem como parâmetros que podem auxiliar na aplicação dessas formas livres em projetos de coberturas em casca, baseados em resultados numéricos de análise dessas estruturas. São descritas as experiências de execução de dois protótipos de cobertura em casca, com aplicação de argamassa em núcleo de material leve, posicionado entre telas de aço moldadas na forma de membranas pênseis invertidas. Apresentam-se os resultados obtidos em prova de carga de um dos protótipos executados, bem como comparações desses resultados com os obtidos em modelos numéricos, comprovando-se o bom desempenho da estrutura, mesmo sendo a seção formada por duas faces finas sem conexão rígida. Acredita-se que o procedimento executivo proposto para moldagem de cascas com forma livre pode, com pequenas melhorias, ser utilizado na execução de estruturas semelhantes, mesmo com dimensões maiores, compondo-se, dessa maneira, um processo tecnológico viável.
Concrete shell roofs are very efficient structures when designed to support the loads mainly by membrane forces. Nowadays, there are numerical methods that can be used to determine the suitable shell shape, once it is given the loading and the boundary conditions, with a great variety of these parameters, thus creating the so called free form shells. When applying these shell shapes at practical situations, using conventional concrete construction technology, problems appear because of their very complex geometrical characteristics. Sandwich type construction and shotcrete have been seen in this work as alternatives to solve many construction problems involved with free form shell construction. It is propposed that conceptual design of free form shells, with basis on computational methods, be applied together with a adequate construction method to define a design methodology. Results of the application of numerical methods for shell shape generation are presented, as well as data that can be used when apllying these shell shapes in roof design. Two prototypes were built by applying mortar on ligthweight curved panels fixed between two steel meshs. The results of a loading test performed on one of these prototypes are described and compared with those obtained in a numerical simulation. The prototype proved to be so stiff, beware the fact that the thin faces of the sandwich section did not have rigid shear connections. One believes that there are sufficient data to ensure that the proposed construction method is very suitable to cast free form shell roofs and so it can be used, with few improvements, even on large span structures.

The subject of the master's thesis is elaboration of the complete project design documentation of a administrative building, ready for implementation in the construction phase. The object is divided into four above-ground floors and one underground floor. It is divided into three blocks A, B, K and into three independent functional units. The prevailing part of building is administrative part, which is located in blocks A and B. In the basement there is a compound garage. Part of the building comprises of a service, a café, located and operated on the first floor above ground in block K. The individual blocks have separate entries and are without any mutal limitation to their independent operations. The building has a carrier system designed as a monolithic, reinforced concrete skeleton with two reinforced cores, placed on reinforced concrete feet. Ceramic fittings are slated for filling . The roof structure designed as a single-shell flat roof area, eventually vegetative. The facade is designed as ventilated with cement-bonded particle boards. Within the specialization is the solution of technical equipment, forced ventilation by means of air-conditioning system.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to design of storage tank for petroleum. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part of the work is focused on introducing the known types of storage tanks, their parts, use and benefits. The thesis also briefly summarized legislation regarding this issue. The second part is the actual design of storage tank. It was the strength calculation tanks according to EN 14 015. It was also a voltage FEM analysis of shell and tank roof. Result of work is a design drawing of the storage tank.

This diploma thesis deals with design of roof structure of the church in Brno Lesná. It is arched shell, which is symmetrical only by one axis. The roof is clamped by bond beam at supports of roof structure, which sits on a reinforced concrete walls, which transfers load to foundations. This structure is checked for the Ultimate Limit State and Service Limit State. Text part of design contains report, where is described structural system and technological proces. The structural design report contains assessment proces of designed structure.

This thesis describes the design and solution of the object for the education of children of preschool age. It is a newly built kindergarten in the village Želetice, which consists of two classes, each for 20 children. The whole building is divided into several zones - children's departments, communication zone, administrative zone and economic zone.The building is designed as a single-storey brick building and plan corresponds to an L-shaped. Ceiling is made of prestressed panels Spiroll and the roofing is made as single-flat roof.

The subject of the master’s thesis is the project documentation of building work for multifunctional building. The object has three floors. The structural system of the building is bricked. The roof of the building is flat and the terraces are designed as vegetation and walking. On the mainfloor there are situated commercial spaces, building technical facilities and seven residential units. On the second floor there is space for commercial use and seven residential units and on the last floor there is also space for commercial use and one residential units.

The subject of diploma work is the design of residential building with office space in Uničov. This is a five-story building with one underground floor and four storeys. The building is divided into two almost identical parts interconnected communication space. Bearing structures in the underground parts are made of reinforced concrete monolithic walls. The above-ground part is used a brick wall system KM Beta SENDWIX. For communication space is used columned longitudinal system. The building is covered double-walled surface roof.

Diploma thesis deals with a project of a new building of a new science library building. The building has four floors and basement. The building will be located in České Budějovice town. The building fulfills the function of the study of books and technical standards. There is designed spaces for organizing lectures and refreshments in cafeteria in the first floor of the building. Library space made available barrier free. Its architectural design resembles the shape of an open book. The structural system meets modern trends in construction and architecture, and it does not interfere with the surrounding buildings.

The subject of the master's thesis is elaborate a project documentation to obtain a building permit for the multifunctional house. The proposed building is located in Štúrovo in the urban part of the polyfunctional area with predominant housing. The plot is slightly sloped. The building in question consists of five above-ground floors. The building is divided into a commercial zone, an administrative zone and a living area. The structural system of the building is cast-in-place reinforced concrete frame. The building is roofed with single-shell flat roof. In the preparation of the project documentation was used valid legislation, laws and technical norms. Drawings are made in program Nemetschek Allplan 2013, visualisation is SketchUp program.

The subject of the master’s thesis is the project documentation of building work for multifunctional building. The object has five floors above ground and one underground floor. The structural system of the building is a reinforced concrete skeleton. The roof of the building is flat, and the terraces are designed as vegetation. In the basement is situated parking for residents, and building technical facilities. On the first floor there is space for commercial use, two shops and a cafe. In other floors are located residential units, total of twelve.

This diploma thesis „Firehouse“ is processed in the form of design documentation for building construction. It´s a new building of firehouse, JPO IV category, P type, for firefighters of Správa železniční dopravní cesty. Object is composed from three parts - administrative and operational part, garage for fire vehicles and maintenance part. Main entrance and exits from the garages are situated on west. Administrative and operational part has two floors and it´s roofed by double-shell roofs. The garage and maintenance have one floor and they are roofed by single-shell roof. Structural system is partly masonry and partly reinforced concrete. Object is located in flat terrain in peripheral locality of the Přerov city.

Cultural and Public Center is located on the dam in Brno dock, addressing the promenade between the marina and Kozí Horka, starting points and bicycle path , and include marine terminal and a natural amphitheater with a restaurant. Promenade is the multilevel net of wheelchair interconnected trails and green spaces with objects of public amenities covered by reinforced concrete shell structure with walkable green roof and with color features as landmarks. The building of the cultural center is fitted in the field wave that rises and opens towards the audience. The back part of the building is composed by field wall with employees' inputs, which forms a barrier between the amphitheater and the bike path behind the building. The object reacts to different heights of promenade's trails by Raumplan arrangement. It is divided into performers' background with store of properties, public toilets and restaurant facilities. The supporting structure is a monolithic reinforced concrete wall system in module 4 m, which carry exposed reinforced concrete shell structure with walkable green roof. The main walls are rotated by 5 °. Overall height ranges from 2700 mm to 4750 mm and headroom ranges from 2300 mm to 3800 mm according to the curved shell structure. Nationwide building foundation by the base plate with circumferential bands into the frost resistant depth is affected by bottom water pressure.

The project addresses the new residential building in the cadastral Chotebor city, county Vysočina.Jedná is a four-storey apartment building with two facilities (hairdressers, school). Apartment building has two main entrances A and B which are located in Eastern strany.Objekt the basement, flat-roofed single-shell střechou.Objekt flat is located on parcels 1228,4466,1221 / 1.1227 / 1,1223,1260 / 1.Obvodové walls of the porotherm 30 Profi and is insulated with expanded polystyrenem.Dům is designed with regard to the disposition solutions, safety in use, fire safety, the static page and energy savings

The diploma thesis deals with a new building of retirement home. This thesis aims to elaborate a project documentation for the construction of the building. It is a self-standing object on a flat land. The retirement home has one underground floor and three above ground floors. On the underground floor there are the retirement home’s technical equipment and warehouses. On the ground floor there are public services (patisserie and café, manicure and pedicure, pharmacy and hairdresser), dining room, the retirement home’s background which includes an office and a reception. The first floor and the second floor are designed for the accommodation of seniors in single and double apartments. There are also a common room and retirement home’s equipment. The bearing construction consists of ceramic masonry of thickness 250 and 300 mm and reinforced concrete columns. The masonry and the columns are based on a concrete bases and concrete beads. The retirement home is roofed with a double-skinned sloping roof with a load-bearing structure made of truss girders. The facade of the building is partly designed as ventilated. The object is insulated by a contact thermal insulation system.

The aim of my diploma thesis is to elaborate project documentation for the execution of a new building of kindergarten. The intention is to construct a new kindergarten which access preschool-age children has visual contact with nature and space of outside. This is purpose why all main windows face south. In the second floor is situated schoolroom for minor activity. The building is designed as brick, using clay blocks which are put on concrete foundation strips. Basement walls are from formwork brick fill concrete and steel armature. Thermal insulation is from contact thermal insulation system and ventilated facade with wood clapboard from pine (Thermowood). The roofing is designed partly as single-shell vegetative (extensive) roof and partly as a float double-shell roof with timber truss girder. Ceiling construction in the basement and the first floor is from concrete load-bearing structure.

This thesis describes the design and processing of the convention center. The proposed house is located at the top of the square of Humpolec in the area designated for the construction of public facilities. The building consists of a basement, where there is a garage for the car owner and stores food for the kitchen. On the first floor there is a reception, restaurant and facilities for the kitchen. On the second floor are conference halls. In the third and fourth floor is accommodation for guests. The restaurant is designed for 55 people inside + outdoor terrace can seat about 30 people. Conference halls are designed for 90 people. Accommodation is for 28 guests. Outdoor parking is for 40 cars. Perimeter bearing walls are made of reinforced concrete + insulation. Interior bearing walls are made of reinforced concrete, interior non-bearing brick walls HELUZ. The ceilings are made of overstretched Spiroll panels and boards reinforced cross. For ceiling is plasterboard ceilings. The roof home is designed as a single-layer flat. Heating is effected by the heat pump. Wooden windows are six-chamber, aluminum doors. There is a staircase and an elevator. The proposed facility is designed wheelchair.

The matter of this thesis is static design and examination of prestressed storage tank to 50000 tons of sugar. Computational model of the steel roof structure is processed and its effect on the silos. Loads is provided of sugar. Optimal design is performed and assessment ultimate and serviceability limit state reinforced concrete and prestressing horizontal silo wall including local load. Next, it is performed the design of a reinforced concrete of the plane bed and column and assessment at the ultimate limit state. The thesis is also drawing documentation, technical report and visualization of construction process. The aim of this work is to the design of the main components based on the required storage capacity tank, mechanical properties of the stored material and technical amenities.

The aim of the thesis is recently erected administration building situated in Brno, urban area Slatina. he bulidong consits of three storeys and one underground storey. Architectural composition is temperate and rational with regard on functional use of building and considerates demnads of the investor. Building is created mainly for administration purposes.First storey conists form more parts, there is administrative part, space for shops,stores, relax zones,and the part for stores and utility room. Second and third storey is also for administration , relax zones and social background.Undergorund is the space for garage compound, utility rooms, the spare source for heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC)and store.Load-bearing structure is system S1.2 - reinforced concret skeleton system. The foundation construction is developed from foundation pad, foundation strips and foundation slab. The single- shell roof of this buildng is proposed as the flat roof above the first and second storey and as the roof with growing layer and mound of river stones above the third storey. Our aim was to propose the commercial space for offices with variation usage and also the space for shops, work out compact bulding with spacy and functional disposition.We worked out design documentation in accordance to valid legislation, laws,and technical norms. Drawings are made in AutCAD and visualisations in SketchUp program.