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Journal articles on the topic 'Shell Roofs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Teng, J. G., H. T. Wong, Z. C. Wang, and S. L. Dong. "Steel-Concrete Composite Shell Roofs: Structural Concept and Feasibility." Advances in Structural Engineering 8, no. 3 (July 2005): 287–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1369433054349105.

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This paper describes a new structural system, namely steel-concrete composite shells, for enclosing large spaces and presents test and numerical simulation results to demonstrate its feasibility. These composite shells are formed by pouring concrete on a thin stiffened steel base shell which serves as both the permanent formwork and the tensile steel reinforcement. The thin steel shell, constructed by bolting together open-topped modular units consisting of a base plate with surrounding edge plates, is a steel shell with thin stiffeners in both directions. The new system retains all the benefits of thin concrete shells, but eliminates the need for temporary formwork and minimises the required falsework. In this paper, the background to the development of this new structural system is first given, followed by a description of its structural features. Advantages of this new structural system over existing systems are next discussed. Possible failure modes of the new structural system are also outlined. Finally, a study to demonstrate the feasibility of constructing these shell roofs of large spans with very thin steel sheets and a limited amount of shoring is presented. In this feasibility study, a finite element model was developed for bolted steel arches as a conservative approximation of bolted steel shells, and was verified using results from simple connection tests. Both the connection tests and the verification of the finite element model are given in this paper before presenting the results from the parametric study.

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2

Sahoo, Sarmila. "Free Vibration of Laminated Composite Hypar Shell Roofs with Cutouts." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2011 (December 25, 2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/403684.

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Use of laminated composites in civil engineering structural components including shell roofs is increasing day by day due to their light weight, high specific strength, and stiffness properties. In the present paper, laminated composite hypar shell (hyperbolic paraboloidal shells bounded by straight edges) roofs with cutouts are analyzed for their free vibration characteristics using finite element method. An eight-noded curved shell element is used for modeling the shell. Specific numerical problems of earlier investigators are solved to compare their results with the present formulation. A number of problems are further solved where the size of the cutouts and their positions with respect to the shell centre are varied for different edge constraints. The results are furnished in the form of figures and tables. The results are examined thoroughly to arrive at some meaningful conclusions useful to designers.

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3

Bakshi, Kaustav, and Dipankar Chakravorty. "Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Composite Conoidal Shell Roofs." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2013 (December 3, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/539817.

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A thorough review of the existing literature reflects that forced vibration studies of laminated composite conoidal shells with complicated boundary conditions are missing. Hence, the present paper aims to fill the lacuna. A finite element code utilizing eight-noded doubly curved elements together with modified Sanders’ first approximation theory for thin shells is used to study the forced vibration behavior of moderately thin laminated composite conoidal shells subjected to three different uniformly distributed time-dependent forces. Newmark’s direct time integration method is used to solve the dynamic problem. Results obtained using the present code are compared with the values available in the literature, and a good agreement of the results confirms the accuracy of the proposed code. The transient responses of the laminated shell are studied meticulously for parametric variations like boundary conditions and stacking orders of cross and angle-ply laminates and are compared with bending responses of the shell to conclude on the necessity of the dynamic study.

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4

ANCHOR, R. D. "CONCRETE SHELL ROOFS, 1945-1965." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 116, no. 3 (August 1996): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/istbu.1996.28749.

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5

Mbakogu, F. C., and M. N. Pavlović. "The prestressing of shell roofs." Engineering Structures 21, no. 1 (January 1999): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-0296(97)00138-7.

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6

Abramczyk, Jacek. "Transformed Corrugated Shell Units Used as a Material Determining Unconventional Forms of Complex Building Structures." Materials 14, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 2402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092402.

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This article is an insight into interdisciplinary topics in the field of civil engineering, morphology, architecture, mechanics, and computer programming. A novel method for shaping unconventional complex roofs in which regular folded units transformed into various shells are used as a complex substitute material is proposed. The original method’s algorithm for building systems of planes defining diversified polyhedral networks in the three-dimensional space by means of division coefficients of the subsequently determined vertices is presented. The algorithm is based on the proportions between the lengths of the edges of the reference network, the location and shape of the ruled shell units included in the designed complex roof structure, so it is intuitive. The shell units are made up of nominally flat folded sheets transformed effectively into shell forms whose static-strength properties are controlled by geometric quantities characteristic of ruled surfaces. The presented original approach to the shaping of the shell roof structures determining specific complex building forms allows us to go beyond the limitations related to the orthotropic structure of the folded roof sheeting and the shape transformations.

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7

Prokopska, Aleksandra, and Jacek Abramczyk. "Responsive Parametric Building Free Forms Determined by Their Elastically Transformed Steel Shell Roofs." Buildings 9, no. 2 (February 14, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9020046.

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The article concerns the unconventional architectural forms of buildings roofed with transformed shells made up of thin-walled steel fold sheets, and a parametric description of how they are shaped. Complicated deformations of flanges and webs, as well as the complex static–strength work of the folds in a shell roof, demand the creation of simplified models regarding the parameterization of such shells and their integration with the general forms of the buildings. To obtain favorable results, it was necessary to write computer applications because of both the complicated problems related to the significant limitations of the transformations, as well as the great possibilities of shaping shell roofs by means of directrices of almost free shape and mutual position. The developed procedures enable the prediction of shapes and states of all the folds in the designed shell. They take account of two basic conditions related to these restrictions, which guarantee that the folds encounter little resistance when matching their transformed forms to the roof directrices, and that their initial effort was as low as possible. The developed procedures required solving a number of issues in the fields of architecture, civil engineering, and structures, and are illustrated with an example of shaping one unconventional architectural form. The interdisciplinary study explains a new insight into shaping such forms.

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8

Sahoo, Sarmila. "Behaviour and Optimization Aids of Composite Stiffened Hypar Shell Roofs with Cutout under Free Vibration." ISRN Civil Engineering 2012 (June 28, 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/989785.

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A scrutiny of the literature reveals that the free vibration characteristics of stiffened composite hypar shell with cutout are missing. So a generalized finite element formulation for the stiffened hyperbolic paraboloidal shells bounded by straight edges (commonly called as hypar shells) is attempted using an eight-noded curved quadratic isoparametric element for shell with a three-noded beam element for stiffener. Numerical problems of earlier investigators are solved as benchmark problems to validate the approach. A number of problems are further solved by varying the size of the cutouts and their positions with respect to the shell centre for different edge constraints. The results are presented in the form of figures and tables. The results are further analysed to suggest guidelines to select optimum size and position of the cutout with respect to shell centre considering the different practical constraints.

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9

San, Bingbing, Chen Xu, and Ye Qiu. "Three-Dimensional Aerodynamic Optimization of Single-Layer Reticulated Cylindrical Roofs Subjected to Mean Wind Loads." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (August 21, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4156319.

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This paper presents a procedure to optimize the rise-to-span ratio of single-layer reticulated cylindrical roofs to improve their aerodynamic performance, by coupling the optimization method with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element analysis (FEA). Four turbulence models (standard k-ε, RNG k-ε, SST k-ω, and RSM) were used to predict the mean wind loads on cylindrical roofs. The simulation results were compared with wind tunnel data, and the RSM turbulence model was employed. The aim of this paper is to determine the best performing rise-to-span ratio of cylindrical roofs based on the gradient algorithm. Two objective functions were considered to minimize the highest mean suction on the roof surface and the maximum response displacement of the single-layer reticulated cylindrical shell subjected to mean wind loads. The results revealed that a cylindrical roof with a rise-to-span ratio (R/S) of 1/6.25 seems to be most effective in attenuating high suctions on the roof surface. In addition, a single-layer reticulated cylindrical shell with R/S = 1/5.5 gives the best performance in reducing the maximum response displacement against wind loads.

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10

Abramczyk, Jacek. "Folded Sheets as a Universal Material for Shaping Transformed Shell Roofs." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 2051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14082051.

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This article provides a novel insight into specific properties of flat folded sheets transformed elastically into building roof shells. Elastic twist transformations of the sheets resulting from the arrangement of the sheets on two skew roof directrices cause changes in the geometric and mechanical sheet properties of the roof shell sheeting composed of these sheets. Regular smooth-ruled surfaces and their characteristic lines are used in the analysis of changes in the geometric properties. In the analysis of the mechanical changes, the constitutive relations and complex state of stresses are considered. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the results of the experimental tests and FEM computer simulations. They have led to the development of such a method of shaping of the effectively transformed folded covers that ensures the initial effort of each shell fold to be the smallest possible.

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11

Rao, P. Srinivasa, and Alapati Prasada Rao. "Support Settlements in Continuous Cylindrical Shell Roofs." Journal of Structural Engineering 112, no. 8 (August 1986): 1781–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1986)112:8(1781).

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12

Tärno, Ülo A., Ernest Z. Zhukovski, and Olga V. Shevtshenko. "Composite Suspended Shells on Cyclical Plan." International Journal of Space Structures 10, no. 4 (December 1995): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635119501000407.

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The problems connected with the research of rational types of reinforced concrete shell roofs satisfying the demands of city-planning, functional, economic and technological requirements were under investigation during the last decades in TTU and MNIITEP. This paper suggests the use of composite suspended polygonal shells. The structures consist of the curvilinear plates and systems of radial two-level supporting elements. 5 and 12 angle structures were created for the investigations of stress-strain conditions of the complex roofs. The experiments were carried out on fiberglass plastic models and results assure the possibility to use such structures.

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13

Saxena, Arpita, and Kaustav Bakshi. "A Review on Relative Linear and Nonlinear Strains Performances of Laminated Composite Shell Roofs." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1258, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1258/1/012068.

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This paper comprehensively reviews research articles on linear and nonlinear performances of laminated shells. The study on composite surfaces gained popularity since the last decade. The composite shell problems for complex forms are difficult to solve analytically. Hence, the numerical solutions became popular. The invent of fast computers popularized the numerical approaches further among practicing engineers. Thin shell surfaces are widely popular to cover long unsupported spans in civil engineering; however, these are vulnerable to instability especially under transverse overloading. The stiffened surfaces addressed such problems. The detailed review on bare and stiffened surfaces highlights gaps in literature which can help the researchers to find out scopes of future research problems.

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14

Ghosh, Arghya, and Dipankar Chakravorty. "Failure Analysis of Civil Engineering Composite Shell Roofs." Procedia Engineering 173 (2017): 1642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.12.258.

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15

Das, H. S., and D. Chakravorty. "A finite element application in the analysis and design of point-supported composite conoidal shell roofs: Suggesting selection guidelines." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 45, no. 3 (January 26, 2010): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247jsa582.

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In the present paper, a finite element code is applied to study the bending behaviour of point-supported composite conoidal shells. These doubly curved surfaces may look similar to single curved conical shells, but the non-developable conoids present much stiffer surfaces. Laminated composites offer a high strength-to-weight ratio, and composite conoidal shells can cover large column-free areas. These shells on point supports have wide applications in car parks and theatres. Research reports are available regarding the static and dynamic behaviour of composite and isotropic conoidal shells, but with different combinations of simply supported, clamped, and free boundary conditions. Reports on corner-point-supported isotropic rhombic plates and doubly curved shells also exist, but data on the bending behaviour of conoidal shells supported at discrete points only are missing. Hence, in the present paper, three different point-supported boundary conditions are considered with four different laminations, the relative performance of different shell options is studied in detail, and suitable approaches are proposed to choosing the best shell option among many in a practical situation.

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16

Sahoo, Sarmila. "Dynamic Characters of Stiffened Composite Conoidal Shell Roofs with Cutouts: Design Aids and Selection Guidelines." Journal of Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/230120.

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Dynamic characteristics of stiffened composite conoidal shells with cutout are analyzed in terms of the natural frequency and mode shapes. A finite element code is developed for the purpose by combining an eight-noded curved shell element with a three-noded curved beam element. The code is validated by solving benchmark problems available in the literature and comparing the results. The size of the cutouts and their positions with respect to the shell centre are varied for different edge constraints of cross-ply and angle-ply laminated composite conoids. The effects of these parametric variations on the fundamental frequencies and mode shapes are considered in details. The results furnished here may be readily used by practicing engineers dealing with stiffened composite conoids with cutouts central or eccentric.

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17

Pandey, S., and K. Das. "Effect of Orientation of Laminates on Bending Behaviour of Delaminated Composite Conoidal Shell Roofs." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.472.

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Literature review shows that research works on the bending behaviour of delaminated composite conoidal shells on rectangular planform are very few in number. In order to fill up this gap a study on static analysis of delaminated composite conoidal shells is done using finite element method. An eight noded curved quadratic isoparametric shell element having five degrees of freedom per node is used for the present work. To ensure the compatibility of deformation and equilibrium of forces and moments at the delamination crack tip a multiple constraint algorithm is developed and incorporated. Results of the present model are validated with help of some benchmark problems available in literature. The study is done to characterize delaminated composite conoids with different types of conventional boundary conditions. Parametric studies are done for angle of orientation, number of layers of laminates and degree of fixity of shells under uniformly distributed loading. Finally after a careful and thorough investigation some pin point conclusions is made as outcome of present study.

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18

Mahmood, Mohamad N., and Sura A. Majeed. "Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Ferro-cement Slabs and Shell Roofs." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2007): 18–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.14.1.07.

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The present work involves developing an analytical model to study the behavior of ferro-cement slabs and shell roofs, and to adopt the most realable constitutive relationships for the mortar material to predict the nonlinear response of ferro-cement roofs by using the finite element method. To represent the mortar and wire mesh, a layered approach is used. Mortar is considered as a strain-hardening material and exhibiting strain-hardening behavior till it reaches the peak stress, beyond which, mortar enters the descending portion (strain softening) until it reaches the crushing strain. Tension stiffening is used to model the post- cracking tensile strength of the mortar. Under further loading in post-cracking stage shear retention is used to model the shear transfer throughout the cracks. The behavior of steel reinforcement and wire mesh is considered as elastic perfectly plastic with linear strain hardening. The predicted results of ferro-cement slab and cylindrical shell roofs had shown a good agreement with the published experimental results.

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19

Kumari, Suman, and Dipankar Chakravorty. "Study of Static Characteristics of Delaminated Composite Conoidal Shell Subjected to Point Load." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.455.

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Delamination is one of the most common modes of defects of laminated composite shell roofs. A review of literature that exists on composite shells reveals that the research reports on delaminated shells are very few in numbers. Present paper deals with the static analysis of delaminated composite conoidal shells with simply supported boundary condition and subjected to centrally applied point load. For the present study work a finite element approach using eight noded isoparametric shell element with five degrees of freedom per node is employed. A multipoint constraint algorithm is incorporated, to satisfy compatibility of deformation and equilibrium of forces and moments, which leads to unsymmetrical stiffness matrix. This formulation is validated through solutions of benchmark problems. Lamination and extent of delamination area are varied to compare the performances of delaminated conoidal shells against those with no damage. Based on the present comparison some engineering conclusions are also included in this paper, which will serve as future reference.

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20

HEKI, Koichiro. "FORMULATION OF LINEAR VIBRATION THEORY OF CYLINDRICAL SHELL ROOFS." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 65, no. 533 (2000): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.65.115_2.

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21

Hota, Sasank Sekhar, and Dipankar Chakravorty. "Free Vibration of Stiffened Conoidal Shell Roofs with Cutouts." Journal of Vibration and Control 13, no. 3 (March 2007): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546307072353.

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22

Sengupta, Jayashree, Arghya Ghosh, and Dipankar Chakravorty. "Progressive Failure Analysis of Laminated Composite Cylindrical Shell Roofs." Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 15, no. 3 (March 10, 2015): 390–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11668-015-9951-6.

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23

Ren, J. G. "Analysis of simply-supported laminated circular cylindrical shell roofs." Composite Structures 11, no. 4 (January 1989): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8223(89)90092-5.

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24

Saad, Fathy. "Design Concept for Wooden Shell Roofs with Large Spans." IABSE Symposium Report 85, no. 5 (January 1, 2001): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137801796348881.

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25

Espion, Bernard. "Pioneering hypar thin shell concrete roofs in the 1930s." Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 111, no. 3 (March 2016): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/best.201600001.

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26

Kuzhakhmetova, Elvira R. "Stress-strain state cylinder-plate-cable-stayed roof buildings (structures) with various forms of external support contour." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 16, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2020-16-2-95-110.

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Relevance. A new wave-like combined (complex) coating design for large-span buildings - a cylinder-plate-cable-stayed roof, combining three types of structures: a cylindrical shell of zero Gaussian curvature, plate and cable-stayed (hanging) roofs are presented. This combination of structures and materials for roof large areas was not chosen by chance. The cable works in tension with its entire cross section only, and the cylindrical shell and plate work in two (longitudinal and transverse) planes. In combination with external influence, they create the necessary design strength, taking into account, at the same time, a rational choice of materials (steel and reinforced concrete). New architectural and constructive solutions of a large-span building with a cylinder-plate-cable-stayed roof are proposed taking into account the different geometric shapes of the external support contour in a form of a semicircle, semiellipse, etc. The aim of the work is to analyze the influence of the external support contour (semicircle, semiellipse, and other forms) on the spatial work of internal forces in the combined cylinder-plate-cable-stayed roof of a large-span building. Methods. Results of static numerical analysis of spatial models of large-span buildings with different types of external supporting contour in the centralized roofs were made in the FEMAP with NX NAS-TRAN software package. This complex belongs to the CAE - class which implements the finite element method (FEM) and allows on the basis of the physical and geometric nonlinearity of the deformation of structures. Results. Calculation study carried out comparative numerical analysis of the stress-strain state of a complex cylinder-plate-cable-stayed roof with different outlines of the support contours on the effect of vertical loads. This determines their rational choice given due consideration to the total cost and useful area of the building. The results of calculating large-span buildings with cylinder-plate-cable-stayed roofs for horizontal (wind) load, on the basis of determination of aerodynamic coefficients, are supposed to be published in the next article.

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Feng, Ruo Qiang, Bin Yao, and Ji Hong Ye. "The Stability of Elliptic Paraboloid Grid Shell Lighting Roofs with Semi-Rigid Joints." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 2148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.2148.

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Grid shell is a new type of single layer latticed shell. Joint connections of this structrue always adopt semi-rigid joints: in-plane pin joints, out-plane rigid joints. A parametric modeling method using self-designed program is proposed in this paper. Bearing capacity of the elliptic paraboloid grid shell with semi-rigid joints is analyzed. Then, the influence of section of steel bars, rise-span ratio and initial imperfection on the bearing capacity is investigated.

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Das Neogi, Sanjoy, Amit Karmakar, and Dipankar Chakravorty. "Study of Dynamic Behavior of Multilayered Clamped Composite Skewed Hypar Shell Roofs under Impact Load." Journal of Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/192176.

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With advancement in the field of structural engineering, hunt for smarter materials has channelised the research towards the application of composite material. It is the high specific weight and specific stiffness of this material that have drawn the interest of different industrial sectors. Civil engineers also picked up composites to use it as a roofing material. Laminated composite shells, which can cover large column-free area and reduces dead weight of structure, show vulnerability under sudden impact due to their low transverse shear resistances. This study utilises finite element tool to investigate the dynamic response of a multilayered laminated composite hypar shells for fully clamped boundary condition. This class of shells is unique in a sense that the curvature has only the radius of cross curvature and these shells do not admit easy closed form solution particularly when the boundary conditions are complicated. Contact behavior of impactor and impacted mass has been modeled by modified Hertzian contact law and time-dependent equations are solved using Newmark’s time integration technique. Basic aim is to analyse the shell for symmetrically placed multilayered angle and cross ply lamination under different impact velocities.

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29

Yamada, Seishi. "Vibration Behaviour of Single-Layer Latticed Cylindrical Roofs." International Journal of Space Structures 12, no. 3-4 (September 1997): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635119701200307.

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Damped response analyses by using simple ideas from the well-known dynamic modal analysis are performed in this paper. The present general methods are applied to the orthotropic continuum shell which is adopted as the analogue of a latticed cylindrical roof structure, and the variation of the vibration behaviour with geometric parameters or a premotion loading factor is clarified.

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Bakshi, Kaustav, Hari Sadhan Das, and Dipankar Chakravorty. "Forced Motions of Composite Conoidal Shell Roofs with Complicated Boundary Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.89.

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An eight noded isoparametric finite element code is applied to study static bending, free and forced vibration characteristics of composite conoidal shell roofs with complicated boundary conditions which are often encountered in the industry.

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Ghosh, Arghya, and Dipankar Chakravorty. "On Nonlinear First Ply Failure Study of Laminated Composite Thin Skewed Hypar Shell Roofs." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.467.

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The skewed hypar shells have gained immense popularity in practical civil engineering fields due their highly aesthetic look. Light weight laminated composite material has increased its wide acceptance day by day in practical structures by virtue of superior material properties like high strength, high stiffness to weight ratio, prolonged fatigue life etc. Different types of bending as well as free and force vibration studies of laminated composite skewed hypar shells were done by earlier researchers. In some literatures, the first ply failure was also investigated using geometric linear strains only. So, the present paper aims to study the first ply failure behaviour of laminated composite skewed hypar shell roofs considering geometric nonlinearity. An eight noded isoparametric curved finite element having five degrees of freedom at each node is used here for finite element method. To establish the correctness of the present approach different benchmark problems are solved in this paper. Various types of lamina stacking sequences are taken up by the authors’ problems for first ply failure analysis of symmetric and antisymmetric skewed hypar thin shells with practical boundary condition. Along with the maximum stress and maximum strain failure criteria the authors use interactive failure criteria like Hoffman, Tsai-Hill and Tsai-Wu criteria as well as failure mode based criteria like Hashin and Puck criteria for the present study. The results obtained from this numerical investigation are analysed and post processed from different engineering standpoints to extract meaningful conclusions regarding first ply failure behaviour of the composite skewed hypar thin shells and to arrive at important practical guidelines which are expected to be beneficial for practicing civil engineers.

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32

Abramczyk, Jacek, and Aleksandra Prokopska. "Parametric Creative Design of Building Free-forms Roofed with Transformed Shells Introducing Architect’s and Civil Engineer’s Responsible Artistic Concepts." Buildings 9, no. 3 (March 6, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9030058.

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The article concerns a parametric description of unconventional building forms roofed with folded sheeting transformed elastically into shells. The description supports the designer in the search for attractive forms and a rational use of materials. The adoption of strictly defined sets of initial parameters determines the diversification of the designed architectural free-forms. An impact of selected proportions between these parameters on these forms is illustrated by an example of a single structure. Folded elevations and a segmented shell roof make each such structure internally coherent and externally sensitive. The mutual position and proportions of the shape of all elements, such as the roof, eaves, and façades, along with regular patterns in the same structure, determine this consistency of its form and sensitivity to harmonious incorporation into the natural or built environments. The study is a new insight into shaping free-forms of buildings in which the modern and ecological materials determine the important shape and mechanical limitations of these forms. With a skillful approach, the materials allow their extensive use in buildings. However, various interdisciplinary problems related to architectural shaping of free-forms and static and strength work thin-walled shell sheeting roofs must be solved. For effective design it is necessary to use relevant software applications, where spatial reasoning is crucial for ordering the three-dimensional space by means of simplified engineering models.

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Abramczyk, Jacek, and Aleksandra Prokopska. "Symmetric Shape Transformations of Folded Shell Roofs Determining Creative and Rational Shaping of Building Free Forms." Symmetry 11, no. 12 (November 22, 2019): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11121438.

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The paper presents an innovative approach to solving interdisciplinary problems emerging in the design process of building free forms roofed with elastically transformed corrugated shells. The effectiveness and rationality of shaping such free forms and the creativeness in searching for the parametric forms require the application of their regular and symmetric models which have to be derived from the geometric and mechanical properties of the rationally transformed subsequent folds of these shells. Simplified smooth models used for engineering developments and accurate folded models implemented for scientific research have to be created by means of unconventional methods different from those presented in classical courses. Owing to the variety of the forms of the proposed innovative reference tetrahedrons and their parametric description, the algorithms developed by the authors have to be implemented in computer programs. The rationality of the transformed roof shells, revealed in the limitation of the level of the fold’s initial stresses resulting from the shape transformation, and the attractiveness of these forms are achieved by the axial symmetry and contraction of each shell fold at its half-length. The symmetries adopted in the process of modeling such roof shells are also exploited by the discussed new method to obtain coherent unconventional general forms of entire buildings.

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TAKEUCHI, Toru, Toshiyuki OGAWA, Chika YAMAGATA, and Tomohiko KUMAGAI. "RESPONSE EVALUATION OF CYLINDRICAL LATTICE SHELL ROOFS WITH SUPPORTING SUBSTRUCTURES." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 70, no. 596 (2005): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.70.57_4.

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Sahoo, Sarmila, and Dipankar Chakravorty. "Bending of Composite Stiffened Hypar Shell Roofs under Point Load." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 134, no. 6 (June 2008): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(2008)134:6(441).

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KUMAGAI, Tomohiko, Toshiyuki OGAWA, Azusa MIMATSU, Takuya SHIMOYAMA, and Teppei MATUBAYASHI. "VIBRATION CONTROL OF CYLINDRICAL LATTICE SHELL ROOFS USING PLURAL TMDS." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 81, no. 725 (2016): 1103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.81.1103.

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Chaudhuri, Puja Basu, Anirban Mitra, and Sarmila Sahoo. "Bending analysis of laminated stiffened hypar shell roofs with cutout." Materials Today: Proceedings 4, no. 2 (2017): 575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.01.059.

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Õiger, Karl. "Investigation, Design and Erection of Saddle-Shaped Wooden Shell Roofs." IABSE Symposium Report 85, no. 5 (January 1, 2001): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137801796348872.

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Bakshi, Kaustav, and Dipankar Chakravorty. "Relative static and dynamic performances of composite conoidal shell roofs." Steel and Composite Structures 15, no. 4 (October 25, 2013): 379–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2013.15.4.379.

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Giuriani, Ezio P., Alessandra Marini, and Marco Preti. "Thin-folded Shell for the Renewal of Existing Wooden Roofs." International Journal of Architectural Heritage 10, no. 6 (August 10, 2015): 797–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2015.1075626.

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Tesar, Alexander, and Jozef Melcer. "Optimization control of bionics shell roofs subjected to snow skidding." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 69, no. 7 (2007): 1446–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1815.

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Adeeb, S. M., B. W. J. Scholefield, T. G. Brown, N. G. Shrive, J. Kroman, V. H. Perry, and G. Tadros. "Modelling, testing, and construction of the first Ductal® canopy in the world." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 1152–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-065.

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Two series of nine architectural shell structures — constructed of a 20 mm thick layer of a new ultra-high performance cement (UPHC) composite with organic fibres (Ductal®) — were proposed to form the roofs of a new station for the light rail transit system in Calgary. Each section of the roofs consists of three panels each 6 m × 4.5 m connected to provide an 18 m continuous system. The City of Calgary required testing of a full-scale prototype panel for both static and dynamic responses. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to determine the boundary conditions to be imposed on one edge of the prototype panel during the tests to simulate the presence of the other two in the actual structure. The FEA was also used to determine the critical (independent) snow and wind loading cases. The analyses and the testing procedures for the full-scale instrumented panel are described. The panel withstood both full factored loads without damage. The methods for manufacturing and assembling the canopy and roofs are also described.Key words: UHPC, shell structure, finite element analysis, static test, dynamic test.

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Kvaraia, Irakli, and Ioseb Giorgobiani. "SIMPLIFICATION OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETE ARCHED ROOFING CONSTRUCTION." Architecture and Engineering 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2023-8-2-58-62.

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In this paper, we discuss issues arising in the construction of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete arched roofs and ways to simplify their design. Despite the versatility of existing mold systems in construction, shell-type roofing structures are entirely different from other structural elements widely used in construction practice in terms of their outline and overall dimensions. Therefore, to erect them, it is necessary to build an individual mold system, which would provide the appropriate spatial shape for cast-in-situ reinforced concrete roofing. Due to the scale of shell roofs, the installation of such mold systems is often associated with significant difficulties as it requires a large, bulky structure above the ground surface with the use of load-bearing scaffolding and planking. This results in issues of building individual elements and the entire mold system and accurately placing them in the design position, which can be solved quite easily using the experience gained from similar works. As a demonstration of this, an example of the arched roof construction for the church named after the Mother of God of Iveria, the second largest church in Georgia, was given a few years ago. At the time, the main difficulty was manufacturing and installing wooden arch molds, which was quickly overcome due to considering several practical measures in advance.

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Goodman, Joel H. "SMALL HELIOSTATS CSP SYSTEMS ON LONG-SPAN HANGING ROOFS." Journal of Green Building 14, no. 2 (March 2019): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.14.2.219.

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Building Integrated Concentrating Solar Power (BI-CSP) schematic studies with small scale exterior two-axis tracking heliostats anchored on and semi-shading long span hanging roofs with elevated receiver(s) are presented for populated urban and rural locations. Hanging roofs (inverted shallow dome shape) with two-way structural cables and mostly square infill prefabricated slabs/panels supported from a perimeter horizontal circular donut shape rim-girder-platform without a center tension ring studies are for comparing to radial cable structural configurations with a center tension ring. Cable gap grouting between slabs/panels form a pre-tensioned inverted shell structure after temporary weights are removed. Securing vertical heliostat posts studies include: three vertical bolts cast in grout gap two-way cables intersections for three point adjustment of horizontal post base plates; and one-axis adjustable manufactured post brackets bolted to sloped roof surfaces at holes cast in the gaps/slabs. A main case study schematic is around a 30m/100ft diameter hanging roof with a 0.07 sag/diameter ratio with around 271 1m2 heliostats for 230kWt solar thermal steam or air to around 300degC/572degF building integrated thermal energy storage (molten salt, firebricks, etc.) and applications (water purification, cooling, industrial process heat, etc.). A BI-CSP hanging roofs R&D project proposal is outlined: with a circular roof study diameter range of around 25m/82ft–200m/656ft diameter for comparing two-way and radial cable structural configurations for distributed steam stations and a wide range of application temperatures.

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Õiger, K. "Investigation and design of shallow wooden and composite shell-cable roofs." Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Engineering 8, no. 2 (2002): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/eng.2002.2.03.

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Sabir, A. B., and A. I. Mousa. "Analysis of fluted conical shell roofs using the finite-element method." Computers & Structures 64, no. 1-4 (July 1997): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-7949(96)00430-0.

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TAKEUCHI, Toru, Tomohiko KUMAGAI, Hiroo SHIRABE, and Toshiyuki OGAWA. "SEISMIC RESPONSE EVALUATION OF LATTICE SHELL ROOFS SUPPORTED BY MULTISTORY STRUCTURES." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 72, no. 619 (2007): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.72.97_4.

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OGAWA, Toshiyuki, Kosuke YAMAOKA, Ken'ichi MINOWA, and Toru TAKEUCHI. "BUCKLING STRENGTH OF CYLINDRICAL LATTICE SHELL ROOFS UNDER STATIC SEISMIC LOAD." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 80, no. 708 (2015): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.80.261.

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TAKEUCHI, Toru, Kohei OKADA, and Toshiyuki OGAWA. "SEISMIC RESPONSE EVALUATION OF FREEFORM LATTICE SHELL ROOFS WITH SUPPORTING SUBSTRUCTURES." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 81, no. 727 (2016): 1467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.81.1467.

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Kaposztasova, Daniela, Katarina Lavkova Cakyova, Marian Vertal, Zuzana Vranayova, and Eva Kridlova Burdova. "Active Green Constructions and Their Impact on Gray Infrastructure." Buildings 14, no. 2 (January 23, 2024): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020306.

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Addressing climate change necessitates a conscious transition toward sustainable infrastructure solutions. Our vision involved transforming an experimental area into the University Experimental Center. This experimental building serves as a model for gray infrastructure implementation, taking into account its dimensions, layout, flooring, and material composition. Our study aims to compare the retention capacities of various types of vegetated roofs, as determined by different legislations. The findings indicate that the outcomes vary based on the regulations used. This variation subsequently influences the design of associated infrastructures, such as rainwater drainage systems, and the design of stressed structures. This is due to the impact of water quantity on the thermal response of a stressed structure. The water used to irrigate the vegetation layer, along with the water retained by the upper roof, has a positive impact on both the building and its surroundings. Initially, the system comprised two functional components: vegetated roofs and a reference roof. The integrated experimental roof shell, in conjunction with the frame, forms an autonomous system. This system serves as a segment for quantifying water retention, humidity, and temperature across diverse green infrastructure substrates. We analyzed the thermal response of experimental roof constructions and monitored the influence of water and precipitation. Our results indicate that the height of the substrate affects not only the retention capacity but also the thermal response of the vegetated roof.

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