Relevant bibliographies by topics / Shell/shell structure

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Shell/shell structure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Shell/shell structure"

1

Skovsted, Christian B., and John S. Peel. "Early Cambrian brachiopods and other shelly fossils from the basal Kinzers Formation of Pennsylvania." Journal of Paleontology 84, no. 4 (2010): 754–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000058467.

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An assemblage of seventeen species of Small Shelly Fossils, dominated by the brachiopod Eothele tubulus and species of the mollusk Yochelcionella, is described from the basal Kinzers Formation of Thomasville, Pennsylvania. The occurrence extends southwards the distribution of an Early Cambrian fauna (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) that is otherwise characteristic of the eastern shelf of Laurentia from New York to Greenland. The poorly known acrothelid brachiopod Eothele tubulus is redescribed based on large collections of ventral valves. The shell structure of E. tubulus is characterized by orthogonal baculae, and represents the oldest known example of a baculate shell structure, indicating that this type of shell structure evolved already in the Early Cambrian.
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Ding, Xiao Fei, Ling Jiang, Yan Liang, and Cheng Wei Wu. "The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Turtle Shell and Biomimetic." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3419.

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There are many types of shells in the world of biology such as various egg shells, conch shells, tortoise shells and skulls of human, all of them are one kind of thin shell structure with uniform curvature and lightsome of texture. This structure is not only light but also has a good pressure resistance. The composition, microstructure, and three-point bending properties of the turtle shell are studied in the paper. The results show that the turtle shell is composed of the element of Ca, P, C, Cl and Na etc. There are many pores in the turtle shell, and the cortical outer layer and spongy inner layer with collagen fiber winding. The middle layer with many pores absorbs energy and lower the load when acts on it. Therefore, the shell can protect the soft tissue of turtles. The multi-layer and porous structure will provide basis for design of biomimetic such as lightweight composite damping materials.
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Bazhenov, Viktor, Olga Krivenko, and Andrii Kozak. "Modal analysis of a complex shell structure under operational loads." Strength of Materials and Theory of Structures, no. 106 (May 24, 2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2410-2547.2021.106.5-13.

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The results of calculation of a complex shell structure under the action of operational loads are presented. A three-section cooling tower, called a three-petal cooling tower, is regarded as a complex-shaped structure. Three variants of loads on the shell are considered: wind pressure, heating and load combination. The design model of a shell of a complex shape is based on the developed universal spatial finite element. The universal spatial finite element allows one to take into account the geometric features of structural elements for a thin shell (constant or varying thickness, knees, ribs, cover plates, holes, cavities, channels, inserts, facets) and multilayer structure of the material. According to the method, thin and medium thickness shells of various shapes and structures are considered. The shells are under the action of static mechanical and temperature loads. The finite element method is based on the unified positions of the three-dimensional geometrically nonlinear theory of thermoelasticity and the moment finite element scheme. The method for determining the natural vibrations of thin-walled shell structures is based on an integrated approach. Modal analysis is carried out taking into account the prestressed and deformed states of the shell at each step of thermomechanical loading. Thus, the problem of determining the natural frequencies and vibration modes of the shell is solved by the step method in two stages.
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Davies, David J., and Molly F. Miller. "Paleocommunity information retrieval vs. shell accumulation mode in Paleozoic carbonates: examples from the Lebanon Limestone (Middle Ordovician), Tennessee, U.S.A." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200006419.

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Compared to their terrigenous counterparts, carbonate shell accumulations have until recently been relatively little studied to determine either descriptive or genetic classifications of shell bed types, the preservation potential of each type, or their relative ability to preserve community-level information. A partial classification of Paleozoic carbonate shell-rich soft sediment accumulations is proposed using sedimentation patterns in the Lebanon limestone of the Stones River Group. Paleoecological information preserved therein is then contrasted by shell bed type. The Lebanon represents typical Ordovician shallow to moderate subtidal carbonate shelf deposits in outcrops flanking the Nashville Dome and peritidal deposits in the Sequatchie Anticline of Eastern Tennessee; shell beds alternate with shell poor sediments (micrites, wackestones and diagenetically enhanced dolomites and clay-rich partings).None of the analyzed shell beds was strictly biological in origin; most are sedimentological although >10% are combined sedimentological/diagenetic. While the majority are single simple shell beds, >20% are amalgamated. All are thin (1 shell to 15 cm) stringers that pinch and swell showing poor lateral continuity (outcrop scale, tens to hundreds of meters) likely enhanced by burial dissolution. These shell beds differ greatly in fabric (packing/sorting), clast composition, taphonomic signature, and intensity of time averaging; thus community information retrieval is biased in predictable patterns. Virtually no shell beds show common shell dissolution or encrustation from long-term sediment surface exposure or hardground formation. Five major categories of accumulation are herein proposed using a DESCRIPTIVE, non-genetic terminology modified from previous works of DJD, as well as a Genetic interpretation for each. These are easily distinguished in the field and are also discriminated by Q-mode cluster analysis.Categories include, in decreasing frequency of occurrence: 1. SHELL GRAVELS; Storm/“event” beds: Sharp bases; poorly sorted coarse basal bioclasts and/or intraclasts, often with no preferred orientation; clasts fine upward to comminuted shell material and micrite. Horizontal platy brachiopods often cap the beds. High diversity and a wide range in shell alteration is represented, from whole unaltered brachiopods to minor abraded fragments, indicating extreme time averaging and poor resolution of short-term community dynamics. 2. COMMINUTED SHELLY LS; Current/ripple concentrations: Small tidal channel fill and discrete ripple trough accumulations are composed of cross-stratified bioclastic deposits with local concentrations of rip-ups. Beds are not graded; typically clasts are abraded, rounded and concordant with cross-beds. Intense time averaging and mixing of discrete communities is inferred due to continual reworking in these background deposits. 3. SHELL/CEMENT LS; Early cementation beds: Intense early diagenetic alteration is inferred due to red discoloration and rapid intergranular cementation; some beds show diagenetic micritic rinds. Beds may be brecciated and show deep burial stylolitization cutting bioclasts and cement. They may represent zones of preferred early cementation rather than a change in shell accumulation rate. Many shells from some beds show little postmortem alteration; these units may preserve much of the original community structure. 4. DENSE SHELL PAVEMENTS; Subtidal surficial pavements: Single layers of shells, commonly concave down, overlie mudstones/wackestones with no basal erosion. No obrution deposits were noted. Bioclasts are typically disarticulated and reoriented, but are not substantially abraded, broken, or dissolved. Diversity is low. Only minor temporal and lateral community mixing with small environmental fluctuation is indicated. 5. VERTICALLY IMBRICATE SHELLY LS; High energy beach zones: Platy whole and major fragments of brachiopods are deposited in low diversity, high angle imbricate beds. Less postmortem reworking and time averaging is evident compared to types 1 and 2.Thus, the most common (physically reworked) shell bed types show the most intense loss of short-term paleocommunity information. There are surprisingly few insitu community pavements or obligate long-term accumulations. This pattern differs from some described Ordovician carbonates, which may contain common community beds or hardgrounds/hiatal accumulations. This implies a relatively low rate of net sediment accumulation on a shallow, periodically wave swept shelf, and no major flooding surfaces or other indications of significant sea level change. Delineation of the sequence stratigraphic position of these carbonates is enhanced from this type of integrated community/biostratinomic analysis.
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Du, Wen Feng, Zhi Yong Zhou, and Fu Dong Yu. "Study on the Static Stability and the Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Vierendeel Latticed Shells." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 868–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.868.

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Studies on the static stability and the ultimate bearing capacity of vierendeel latticed shells have been carried out. The buckling modal and the whole course of instability are shown using the Finite Element Method. The ultimate bearing capacity is compared with that of the single-layer latticed shell structure. The results show that the ultimate bearing capacity of the vierendeel latticed shells is 2.87 times more than that of the single-layer lattice shell in the condition of consuming the same steel. The vierendeel latticed shell structure not only has the advantages of concision and transparency like the single layer latticed shell structure, but also has the stability and carrying capacity like double-layer latticed shell structure.
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MARTIN, T. P., U. ZIMMERMANN, N. MALINOWSKI, et al. "NEW GEOMETRIC SHELL STRUCTURES." Surface Review and Letters 03, no. 01 (1996): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x96000528.

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Clusters often grow by adding concentric layers of atoms in such a way that the overall symmetry of the cluster is left unchanged. Icosahedral shell structure was first envisioned by Mackay1 while working on the difficult geometric problem of sphere packing. Shells with icosahedral symmetry have since been identified in clusters composed of inert-gas atoms,2–4 metal atoms,5,6 and even complex molecules. In this report experimental evidence will be presented for shell structures based on geometries other than the Mackay icosahedra. The results which will be discussed include: (a) octahedral shells in Al and In clusters, (b) non-Mackay-like icosahedral shells of metal deposited expitaxially on a C60 molecule and (c) new data on very large cubic shells of alkali halides. In all these cases, the evidence for shells consists of mass spectrometric anomalies that appear periodically when plotted on a (mass)1/3 scale. Each geometry is associated with a unique periodicity.
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Sahu, K. C., S. R. Pottasch, B. G. Anandarao, and J. N. Desai. "Kinematic Structure and Chemical Composition of the Double Shell PN NGC 3242." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 131 (1989): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900138100.

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Kinematic study of the multiple shell PN NGC 3242 was carried out by obtaining Hα and [O III] line profiles at 9 positions of the nebula using a high-resolution (R ≅ 50,000) Fabry-Pérot spectrometer. The positions cover both the bright inner shell and the faint outer shell. It is shown here that the two apparently continuous shells are kinematically separate: the faint outer shell was ejected ∼ 5000 years earlier and has less expansion velocity than the bright inner shell.
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Chernobryvko, Marina V., Konstantin V. Avramov, Valentina N. Romanenko, Tatiana J. Batutina, and Ulan S. Suleimenov. "Dynamic instability of ring-stiffened conical thin-walled rocket fairing in supersonic gas stream." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 1 (2015): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215592171.

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The assumed-modes method is applied to obtain the dynamical model of the ring-stiffened conical shells in a supersonic gas stream. The pressure acting on the shell is described by the piston theory. The displacements of the rings are functions of the shell displacements. The kinetic and the potential energies of the structure are obtained as the functions of the shell displacements. It is suggested the approach to calculate the shell spatial mode, when the shell dynamic stability is lost. The free vibrations of the structures with different numbers of the rings are analyzed. The loss of the structure dynamic stability is investigated.
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Liang, Yan, Jie Zhao, Cheng Wei Wu, and Chen Xiao Mu. "Structure Characteristics of the Hemifusus tuba Conch Shell." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.365.

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The mollusk shell mobilizes calcium from environment for skeletal mineralization. This occurs through synthesizing solids in solution in the presence of organic molecules of specific interior regions of the conch shell. The ultrastructure of the Hemifusus tuba conch shell living in the Huang/Bo sea area is investigated in the paper. It is shown that the composition and microstructure of the mollusk shell vary in different positions. The prodissoconch shell consists only of aragonite with the crossed-lamellar microstructure. While the spiral shell and the body shell of the Hemifusus tuba conch shell are composed of one calcite layer and several aragonite layers. The calcite layer consists of cylindrical grains, but the aragonite layers are crossed-lamellar ultrastructure. The margin of shell aperture is only composed of calcite with cylindrical grains. This natural optimization of the shell microstructure is intimately due to the growth of the organic matrix. The process of growth allows a constant renewal of the material, thus enabling the functional adaptation of the shells.
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Siriprom, Wichian, K. Kirdsiri, Jakrapong Kaewkhao, N. Chumnanvej, A. Choeysuppaket, and Pichet Limsuwan. "Structural and Textural of Marine Mollusc Shell." Advanced Materials Research 506 (April 2012): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.363.

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The Anadaragranosa and Pernaviridis shell sample were prepared in powder and plate form has been studied. The crystal structure of the shells was studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The identification and quantitative analysis were performed by the XRD patterns and the Rietveld method. It found that the crystal structure of Anadaragranosa shells is a pure aragonite phase, and the Pernaviridis shells is a mixture phase of aragonite and calcite. Also we used the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the Morphology of the Anadaragranosa and Pernaviridis shell sample. The results on SEM micrographs agree well with those of XRD. The results from SEM can be described the textural information and used to determine of the mollusc shell. In addition, the metals in the shells were determined by ESR spectroscopy. The metals in all samples reveals that Mn were found in all mussel shells, and then the ESR spectrum agree well with those of XRD and SEM result, then it can be used to indentification of structural of mollusc shell.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shell/shell structure"

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Caresta, Mauro Mechanical &amp Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Structural and acoustic responses of a submerged vessel." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44404.

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Excitation of the low frequency vibrational modes of a submerged vessel can generate significant radiated noise levels. Vibrational modes of a submarine hull are excited from the transmission of fluctuating forces through the shaft and thrust bearings due to the propeller rotating in an unsteady fluid. The focus of this work is to investigate the structural and acoustic responses of a submarine hull under axial excitation. The submarine hull is modelled as a cylindrical shell with internal bulkheads and ring stiffeners. The cylindrical shell is closed by truncated conical shells, which in turn are closed at each end using circular plates. The entire structure is submerged in a heavy fluid medium. The structural responses of the submerged vessel are calculated by solving the cylindrical shell equations of motion using a wave approach and the conical shell equations with a power series solution. The displacement normal to the surface of the structure in contact with the fluid medium was calculated by assembling the boundary/continuity matrix. The far field radiated sound pressure was then calculated by means of the Helmholtz integral. Results from the analytical model are compared with computational results from a fully coupled finite element/boundary element model. The individual and combined effects of the various influencing factors, corresponding to the ring stiffeners, bulkheads, conical end closures and fluid loading, on the structural and acoustic responses are characterised by examining the contribution by the circumferential modes. It is shown that equally spaced internal bulkheads generate a periodic structure thus creating a grouping effect for the higher circumferential modes, but do not have strong influence on the sound radiation. Stiffeners are found to have an important effect on both the dynamic and acoustic responses of the hull. The contribution of the conical end closures on the radiated sound pressure for the lowest circumferential mode numbers is also clearly observed. This work shows the importance of the bending modes when evaluating the sound pressure radiated by a submarine under harmonic excitation from the propulsion system.
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Mousa, A. I. "Finite element analysis of shell structure." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532180.

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Economides, George. "Investigations of open-shell open-shell Van der Waals complexes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e27330e0-2eaa-4181-af30-70e8b7a3a692.

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The question posed in this work is how one would model and predict the rotational spectrum of open-shell open-shell van der Waals complexes. There are two secondary questions that arise: the nature of radical-radical interactions in such systems and the modelling of the large amplitude motion of the constituent molecules. Four different systems were studied in this work, each providing part of the answer to the main question. Starting with the large amplitude motion, there are two theoretical approaches that may be adopted: to either model the whole complex as a semi-rigid molecule, or to perform quantum dynamical calculations. We recorded and analysed the rotational spectrum (using Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy) of the molecule of tertiary butyl acetate (TBAc) which exhibits a high degree of internal rotation; and of the weakly-bound complex between a neon atom and a nitrogen dioxide molecule (Ne-NO2). We used the semi-rigid approach for TBAc and the quantum dynamical approach for Ne-NO2. We also explored the compatibility of these two approaches. Moreover, we were able to predict and analyse the fine and hyperfine structure of the Ne-NO2 spectrum using spherical tensor operator algebra and the results of our dynamics calculations. To explore the nature of the interactions in an radical-radical van der Waals complex we calculated the PESs of the possible states that the complex may be formed in, when an oxygen and a nitrogen monoxide molecule meet on a plane using a number of high level ab initio methods. Finally, our conclusions were tested and applied when we performed the angular quantum dynamics to predict the rotational spectrum of the complex between an oxygen and a nitrogen dioxide molecule, and account for the effect of nuclear spin statistics in that system.
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Tanaka, Kaori. "Shell structure and classical orbits in mesoscopic systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ30172.pdf.

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Krämer, Tobias. "Electronic structure of open-shell transition metal complexes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1f4a1330-281d-4696-b3e6-62b76fb41d65.

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This thesis presents electronic structure calculations on problems related to the bonding in inorganic coordination compounds and clusters. A wide range of molecules with the ability to exist in different structural forms or electronic states has been selected and density functional theory is systematically applied in order to gain detailed insight into their characteristics and reactivity at the electronic level. First, we address the question of redox non-innocent behaviour of bipyridine in a series of 1st row transition metal complexes. Complexes of the type [M(2,2'-bipyridine)(mes)₂]<sup>0</sup> (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; mes = 2,4,6-Me₃C6H₂) and their one-electron reduced forms have been explored. The results clearly show that the anions are best described as complexes of the monoanionic bipyridine radical (S<sub>bpy</sub> = 1/2), giving a rationale for the observed structural changes within the ligand. Likewise, we have identified dianionic bipyridine in both the complexes [Zn2(4,4'-bpy)(mes)₄]²<sup>−</sup> and [Fe(2,2'-bpy)₂]²<sup>−</sup>. In no case have we found evidence for significant metal-to-ligand backbonding. The subject of redox-noninnocence is further revisited in a comparative study of the two complexes [M(o-Clpap)₃] (M = Cr, Mo; o-Clpap = 2-[(2-chloro-phenyl)azo]-pyridine), and their associated electron transfer series. The results indicate that all electron transfer processes are primarily ligand-based, although in the case of the Mo analogue these are coupled to substantial electron density changes at the metal. The ability of pap to form radical anions finds a contrasting case in the di- nuclear Rh complex [Rh₂(μ-p-Clpap)₂ (cod)Cl₂], where the two ligand bridges act as acceptors of strong dπ∗ backbonding from a formally Rh<sup>–I</sup> centre. We then direct our attention to the endohedral Zintl clusters [Fe@Ge<sub>10</sub>]³<sup>−</sup> and [Mn@Pb<sub>12</sub>]³<sup>−</sup>, which reveal peculiar topologies. We have probed the electronic factors that influence their geometric preferences, and propose a model based on the shift of electron density from the endo- hedral metal to the cage to account for the observed geometries. Subsequently, we reassess the electronic structure of the xenophilic clusters Mn₂(thf)₄(Fe(CO)₄)₂ and [Mn(Mn(thf)₂)₃(Mn(CO)₄)₃]<sup>–</sup>. We conclude that these are best viewed as exchange coupled Mn<sup>II</sup> centres bridged by closed- shell carbonylate fragments. In the closing chapter the reduction of NO₂<sup>–</sup> to NO by the complex [Cu(tct)(NO₂)]<sup>+</sup> (tct = cis,cis-1,3,5-tris(cinnamylideneamino)cyclohexane) is studied, a process that mimics the enzyme-catalysed reaction. Two viable pathways for the reaction have been traced and key inter-mediates identified. Both direct release of NO or via decomposition of a Cu-NO complex are kinetically and thermodynamically feasible.
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Wang, Xiaoyan. "Investigation of 3D Shell Structure Nonwoven Processes and Products." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527410.

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Valdés, Vázquez Jesús Gerardo. "Nonlinear Analysis of Orthotropic Membrane and Shell Structures Including Fluid-Structure Interaction." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6866.

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Problemas de interacciónn fluido-estructura representan hoy en día un gran desafío en diferentes áreas de ingeniería y ciencias aplicadas. Dentro de las aplicaciones en ingeniería civil, el flujo del viento y los movimientos estructurales pueden ocasionar inestabilidades aeroelásticas en construcciones tales como puentes de gran luz, rascacielos y cubiertas estructurales ligeras. Por otro lado, aplicaciones en biomecánica están interesadas en el estudio de hemodinámica, por ejemplo: flujo sanguíneo en arterias, donde grandes deformaciones de las venas interactúan con fluidos.En la parte estructural de este trabajo, una nueva metodología para el análisis geométricamente no-lineal ortótropo de membranas y láminas sin grados de libertad de rotación es desarrollada basándose en la orientación de la fibra principal del material. Una consecuencia directa de la estrategia de orientación de fibras es la posibilidad de analizar membranas y láminas pretensadas cuya configuración inicial está fuera del plano. Por otra parte, ya que la teoría convencional de membranas permite que existan tensiones de compresión, un modelo de arrugado basado en la modificación de la ecuación constitutiva se presenta. El desarrollo estructural es modelado con elementos finitos provenientes de las ecuaciones de la elastodinámica.<br/>La parte de fluidos de este trabajo está gobernada por las ecuaciones de Navier-<br/>Stokes para flujos incompresibles, las cuales son modeladas por interpolaciones estabilizadas de elementos finitos. Ya que la solución monolítica de dichas ecuaciones tiene la desventaja que consumen mucho tiempo en la solución de grandes sistemas de ecuaciones, el método de pasos fraccionados se usa para aprovechar las ventajas computacionales que brinda gracias al desacoplamiento de la presión del campo de las velocidades. Además, el esquema &#945;-generalizado para integración en el tiempo para fluidos es adaptado para que se use con la t´ecnica de los pasos fraccionados.<br/>El problema de interacción fluido-estructura es formulado como un sistema de tres campos: la estructura, el fluido y el movimiento de la malla. El movimiento del dominio del fluido es tomado en cuenta mediante la formulación arbitraria Lagrangiana-Euleriana, para la cual se usan dos estrategias de movimiento de malla.<br/>Para el acoplamiento entre el fluido y la estructura se usa un acoplamiento fuerte por bloques usando la técnica de Gauss-Seidel. Debido a que la interacción entre el fluido y la estructura es altamente no-lineal, se implementa el método de relajación basado en la técnica de Aitken, la cual acelera la convergencia del problema.<br/>Finalmente varios problemas se presentan en los diferentes campos, los cuales verifican la eficiencia de los algoritmos implementados.<br>Nowadays, fluid-structure interaction problems are a great challenge of different fields in engineering and applied sciences. In civil engineering applications, wind flow and structural motion may lead to aeroelastic instabilities on constructions such as long-span bridges, high-rise buildings and light-weight roof structures. On the other hand, biomechanical applications are interested in the study of hemodynamics, i.e. blood flow through large arteries, where large structural membrane deformations interact with incompressible fluids.<br/>In the structural part of this work, a new methodology for the analysis of geometrically nonlinear orthotropic membrane and rotation-free shell elements is developed based on the principal fiber orientation of the material. A direct consequence of the fiber orientation strategy is the possibility to analyze initially out-ofplane prestressed membrane and shell structures. Additionally, since conventional membrane theory allows compression stresses, a wrinkling algorithm based on modifying the constitutive equation is presented. The structure is modeled with finite elements emerging from the governing equations of elastodynamics.<br/>The fluid portion of this work is governed by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, which are modeled by stabilized equal-order interpolation finite elements.<br/>Since the monolithic solution for these equations has the disadvantage that take great computer effort to solve large algebraic system of equations, the fractional step methodology is used to take advantage of the computational efficiency given by the uncoupling of the pressure from the velocity field. In addition, the generalized-&#945; time integration scheme for fluids is adapted to be used with the fractional step technique.<br/>The fluid-structure interaction problem is formulated as a three-field system: the structure, the fluid and the moving fluid mesh solver. Motion of the fluid domain is accounted for with the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation with two different mesh update strategies. The coupling between the fluid and the structure is performed with the strong coupling block Gauss-Seidel partitioned technique.<br/>Since the fluid-structure interaction problem is highly nonlinear, a relaxation technique based on Aitken's method is implemented in the strong coupling formulation to accelerate the convergence.<br/>Finally several example problems are presented in each field to verify the robustness and efficiency of the overall algorithm, many of them validated with reference solutions.
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Hu, Bin. "Stability analysis of linear thin shells." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7360/.

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Shell structure is widely used in engineering area. The purpose of this dissertation is to show the behavior of a thin shell under external load, especially for long cylindrical shell under compressive load, I analyzed not only for linear elastic problem and also for buckling problem, and by using finite element analysis it shows that the imperfection of a cylinder could affect the critical load which means the buckling capability of this cylinder. For linear elastic problem, I compared the theoretical results with the results got from Straus7 and Abaqus, and the results are really close. For the buckling problem I did the same: compared the theoretical and Abaqus results, the error is less than 1%, but in reality, it’s not possible to reach the theoretical buckling capability due to the imperfection of the cylinder, so I put different imperfection for the cylinder in Abaqus, and found out that with the increasing of the percentage of imperfection, the buckling capability decreases, for example 10% imperfection could decrease 40% of the buckling capability, and the outcome meet the buckling behavior in reality.
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Dennis, Christopher Roger. "High resolution spectroscopy of open shell clusters." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:43ac8ad5-724a-4a23-a03f-3eb78e6f4e72.

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The microwave spectrum of the open-shell van der Waals complex NO-HF has been recorded in the region 6-20GHz using a pulsed nozzle Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. This is the first observation of the microwave spectrum of a open-shell van der Waals complex between two molecules. The spectrum exhibits a rich hyperfine structure with the observation of intermolecular hyperfine interactions in an isolated system providing a sensitive probe of electron transfer in the complex. The spectrum consists of four fine structure transitions 5/2(e)-3/2(e), 3/2(e)-1/2(e), 5/2(f)-3/2(f), 3/2(f)-1/2(f) which have been fitted to a semi-rigid Hamiltonian developed to include the effects of the orbital and spin angular momenta of the unpaired electron on NO. A new treatment to account for the intermolecular hyperfine interaction was developed. The structure of the complex has been determined and is significantly bent with an angle of between 37 degrees and 49 degrees between the NO internuclear axis and the a-axis of the complex. The Renner-Teller parameter, epsilon 2, is very large and negative having the value of -10 449.32(4)GHz indicating that configuration with the unpaired electron in the plane of the complex is more stable. The analysis of the hyperfine interactions of the hydrogen and fluorine nuclei uses two constants for each nucleus, one for the spatial relationship between the magnetic moments of the unpaired electron and the nuclear magnetic moment and a Fermi-contact term. The Fermi-contact term for hydrogen is the first strong evidence of intermolecular charge transfer in an isolated van der Waals molecule.
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Gam, Ki Tak. "Structure-property relationship in core-shell rubber toughened epoxy nanocomposites." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/412.

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The structure-property relationships of epoxy nanocomposites with inorganic layer-structure nanofillers have been studied to obtain the fundamental understanding of the role of nanofillers and the physics of polymer nanocomposites in this dissertation. Several polymer nanocomposite systems with modified montmorillonite (MMT) or α-zirconium phosphate (ZrP) nanofillers were prepared with epoxy matrices of different ductility and properties. The successful nanofiller's exfoliations were confirmed with X-ray diffraction and transmision electronic microscopy (TEM). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) on the prepared epoxy nanocomposites revealed the significant increase in rubbery plateau moduli of the epoxy nanocomposite systems above Tg, as high as 4.5 times, and tensile test results showed improved modulus by the nanofiller addition, while the fracture toughenss was not affected or slightly decreased by nanofillers. The brittle epoxy nanocomposite systems were toughened with core shell rubber (CSR) particles and showed remarkable increase in fracture toughness (KIC) value up to 270%. The CSR toughening is more effective at ductile matrices, and TEM observation indicates that major toughening mechanisms induced by the CSR addition involve a large scale CSR cavitation, followed by massive shear deformation of the matrix.
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Books on the topic "Shell/shell structure"

1

Heyde, Kris L. G. The nuclear shell model. Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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The nuclear shell model. 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag, 1994.

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A, Covello, ed. Shell model and nuclear structure: Where do we stand? : 2nd International Spring Seminar on Nuclear Physics, Capri, Italy, 16-20 May, 1988. World Scientific, 1989.

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Nilsson, Sven Gösta. Shapes and shells in nuclear structure. Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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Paul J. J. Van Kampen. The outer shell spectra of argon and argon-like ions. University College Dublin, 1997.

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Simple models of complex nuclei: The shell model and interacting boson model. Harwood Academic Publishers, 1993.

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Abraham, Lerman, ed. Carbon in the geobiosphere: Earth's outer shell. Springer, 2006.

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Demidenko, V. N. Kolʹt͡s︡evye obolochki atomnykh i͡a︡der. [s.n.], 1992.

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Ryaboy, V. M. A simple model of a stiffened shell type structure for an investigation into the vibration-buckling correlation. Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, 1994.

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N, Labzovskiĭ L., ed. Teorii͡a︡ atoma: Stroenie ėlektronnykh obolochek. "Nauka," Glav. red. fiziko-matematicheskoĭ lit-ry, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Shell/shell structure"

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Okumoto, Yasuhisa, Yu Takeda, Masaki Mano, and Tetsuo Okada. "Shell Structure." In Design of Ship Hull Structures. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88445-3_23.

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Takigawa, Noboru, and Kouhei Washiyama. "Shell Structure." In Fundamentals of Nuclear Physics. Springer Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55378-6_5.

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Wang, Lingzhi, and Jinlong Zhang. "Synthesis of Yolk-Shell Structured Fe3O4@Void@CdS Nanoparticles: A General and Effective Structure Design for Photo-Fenton Reaction." In Core-Shell and Yolk-Shell Nanocatalysts. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0463-8_28.

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Tanaka, Atsuhiro, and Hiroshi Kominami. "Functionalization of Plasmonic Photocatalysts by the Introduction of Core–Shell Structure." In Core-Shell and Yolk-Shell Nanocatalysts. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0463-8_16.

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Chen, Yao, Hexing Li, and Zhenfeng Bian. "Effect of Core–Shell Structure of TiO2 on Its Photocatalytic Performance." In Core-Shell and Yolk-Shell Nanocatalysts. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0463-8_27.

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Chang, Shuai, Soon Hee Park, Chang Hwan Kim, and Sung June Cho. "Tailoring of Core Shell Like Structure in PdPt Bimetallic Catalyst for Catalytic Application." In Core-Shell and Yolk-Shell Nanocatalysts. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0463-8_19.

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Wen, Meicheng, Kohsuke Mori, Yasutaka Kuwahara, Guiying Li, Taicheng An, and Hiromi Yamashita. "Synthesis of Plasmonic Catalyst with Core-Shell Structure for Visible Light Enhanced Catalytic Performance." In Core-Shell and Yolk-Shell Nanocatalysts. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0463-8_15.

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Rigamonti, Attilio, and Pietro Carretta. "The shell vectorial model." In Structure of Matter. Springer Milan, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1129-8_3.

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Rigamonti, Attilio, and Pietro Carretta. "The shell vectorial model." In Structure of Matter. Springer Milan, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0560-0_3.

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Rigamonti, Attilio, and Pietro Carretta. "The Shell Vectorial Model." In Structure of Matter. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17897-4_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Shell/shell structure"

1

Barrett, B. R., P. Navrátil, M. J. Thoresen, and W. E. Ormand. "Large-basis no-core shell-model calculations for p-shell nuclei." In Nuclear structure 98. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59512.

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Grant, I. P. "Relativistic atomic structure and electron–atom collisions." In X-ray and inner-shell processes. AIP, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.39829.

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Knight, Jr., N. "The Raasch challenge for shell elements." In 37th Structure, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-1369.

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MILLENER, D. J. "STRUCTURE OF P-SHELL HYPERNUCLEI." In Proceedings of the APCTP Workshop (SNP '99). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812792570_0011.

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Palmeri, P. "Photoionization of the Fe Ions: Structure of the K-Edge." In X-RAY AND INNER-SHELL PROCESSES. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1536373.

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UTSUNO, YUTAKA, TAKAHARU OTSUKA, MICHIO HONMA, TAKAHIRO MIZUSAKI, and NORITAKA SHIMIZU. "SHELL STRUCTURE AND CORRELATION STUDIED BY LARGE-SCALE SHELL-MODEL CALCULATIONS." In Proceedings of the 5th Italy-Japan Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701565_0003.

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Kurmaev, E. Z., V. R. Galakhov, Yu M. Yarmoshenko, et al. "Electronic structure of advanced materials studied by x-ray emission spectroscopy." In X-RAY AND INNER-SHELL PROCESSES. ASCE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.52274.

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YIN, DAH, and MARK RAUSCHER. "Space Shuttle shell structure waffle panel optimization." In 33rd Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-2359.

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PALAZOTTO, A., and J. OLSEN. "The analysis of a composite shell structure." In 30th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-1297.

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Otsuka, Takaharu. "Frontiers Of The Nuclear Shell Model." In FRONTIERS OF NUCLEAR STRUCTURE. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1556641.

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Reports on the topic "Shell/shell structure"

1

Jing, Kexing. I. Fission Probabilities, Fission Barriers, and Shell Effects. II. Particle Structure Functions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/760325.

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MACKEY, T. C. HANFORD DOUBLE SHELL TANK (DST) THERMAL & SEISMIC PROJECT DYTRAN ANALYSIS OF SEISMICALLY INDUCED FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION IN A HANFORD DOUBLE SHELL PRIMARY TANK. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/878175.

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Edwards, A. Seismic Reprocessing Results For Shell Canada Line M - 105 Montagnais Structure Offshore Nova Scotia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/127799.

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Edwards, A. Seismic Reprocessing Results For Shell Canada Line M-105, Montagnais Structure Offshore Nova Scotia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/130780.

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Giller, R. A., and E. O. Weiner. Soil structure interaction analysis for the Hanford Site 241-SY-101 double-shell waste storage tanks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6178614.

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Giller, R. A., and E. O. Weiner. Soil structure interaction analysis for the Hanford Site 241-SY-101 double-shell waste storage tanks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6022233.

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Del Grande, N. L shell XANES (x-ray absorption near edge structure) for solid metals: Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7253344.

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MACKEY TC, RINKER MW, and ABATT FG. HANFORD DST THERMAL & SEISMIC PROJECT DYTRAN ANALYSIS OF SEISMICALLY INDUCED FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION IN A HANFORD DOUBLE SHELL PRIMARY TANK. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/958408.

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MACKEY TC, ABATT FG, and RINKER MW. HANFORD DOUBLE-SHELL TANK THERMAL AND SEISMIC PROJECT DYTRAN BENCHMARK ANALYSIS OF SEISMICALLY INDUCED FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION IN FLAT-TOP TANKS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/963082.

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MACKEY, T. C. HANFORD DOUBLE SHELL TANK (DST) THERMAL & SEISMIC PROJECT DYTRAN BENCHMARK ANALYSIS OF SEISMICALLY INDUCED FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION IN FLAT TOP TANKS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/901434.

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