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Journal articles on the topic 'Shells'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Wen, Mingzheng, Huaibo Zhang, Shoujun Wang, et al. "Field Investigation on the Coastal Erosion and Progradation Evolution of the Binzhou Shelly Chenier in China: Comparisons between Normal and Typhoon Hydrodynamics." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 6 (2022): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060752.

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The shelly chenier is a dike-like accumulation formed by waves, currents, and other hydrodynamic forces pushing the shells and their debris in the intertidal zone to the high tide line. It is a special type of coastal dike. The shelly chenier located in Wangzi Island of northern Shandong Province is the last well-preserved chenier of the Bohai Bay with natural attributes exposed on the surface. It has unique and irreplaceable attributes among the shell beaches of China. Based on remote sensing interpretation, field investigation, and GPS-RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) measurement, this paper invest

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2

Flessa, Karl W., Alan H. Cutler, and Keith H. Meldahl. "Time and taphonomy: quantitative estimates of time-averaging and stratigraphic disorder in a shallow marine habitat." Paleobiology 19, no. 2 (1993): 266–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300015918.

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We examined the radiocarbon age, taphonomic condition and stratigraphic position of shells of the venerid bivalveChionespp. from the tidal flats of Bahia la Choya, Sonora, Mexico. Shells in Bahia la Choya are time-averaged. Thirty shells yielded radiocarbon dates from modern (A.D. 1950 or younger) to 3569 years before present. The median calendar age of inner flat shells is 483 years; the median age of tidal channel shells is 427 years. We interpret such long shell survival to be the result of frequent shallow burial. Such burial retards bioerosion of shells.The taphonomic condition of shells

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3

Xuncheng, Guo, Zhang Dongjiang, Feng Xuelei, Qi Qiong, and Zhang Lei. "Modeling Study of Shell Damage to the Typical Light Armored Vehicles." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2891, no. 4 (2024): 042027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2891/4/042027.

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Abstract This study focuses on the destructive mechanisms and high-precision numerical simulation models of guided shells frequently encountered in combat conditions for damaging light armored vehicles. Based on the modes of shell action and the vulnerability characteristics of light armored vehicles, a systematic analysis of damage patterns was carried out, revealing their destructive effects. Through induction and analysis, a characterization method for the shell’s power field was established. By combining the experimental conditions and data of typical shell damage to steel plates, numerica

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4

Ayres-Peres, Luciane, Aline Ferreira Quadros, and Fernando L. Mantelatto. "Comparative analysis of shell occupation by two southern populations of the hermit crab Loxopagurus loxochelis (Decapoda, Diogenidae)." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 60, no. 3 (2012): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592012000300003.

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The present study aimed to comparatively verify the relation between the hermit crabs and the shells they use in two populations of Loxopagurus loxochelis. Samples were collected monthly from July 2002 to June 2003, at Caraguatatuba and Ubatuba Bay, São Paulo, Brazil. The animals sampled had their sex identified, were weighed and measured; their shells were identified, measured and weighed, and their internal volume determined. To relate the hermit crab's characteristics and the shells' variables, principal component analysis (PCA) and a regression tree were used. According to the PCA analysis

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5

Theis, Christian. "Formation of Twin Clusters in a Galactic Tidal Field." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 207 (2002): 681–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900224534.

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The formation of globular clusters is still an unsolved problem. Though most scenarios assume a massive molecular cloud as the progenitor, it is unclear how the cloud is transformed into a star cluster. Here a scheme of supernova (SN) induced cluster formation is investigated. In this scenario the expanding SN shell accumulates the mass of the cloud. This is accompanied by fragmentation resulting in star formation in the shell. If this stellar shell expands sufficiently slowly, its self-gravity leads to a recollapsing shell, thus forming one or several stellar clusters.In this paper N-body sim

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6

Marwah Ghazi Kareem, Saddam Khalsan Al-Raheem, sadiq emad sadiq, and Luay Sadeq Alansari. "Review of research on the vibration and buckling of functionally graded spherical shells." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 13, no. 2 (2024): 2170–86. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.13.2.2327.

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Spherical shells are important components in many aerospace and engineering structures. A functionally graded material (FGM) spherical shell can have its material distribution varied with the change of the radius direction, which can enhance the bearing capacity and the stability of the thin-walled shells. However, due to the special geometric characteristics of the spherical shell, the simplicity of its geometry will lead to great complexity in its vibration and buckling analysis processes. This paper mainly reviews the previous analytical and numerical research on the vibration and buckling

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Zhang, Shi, Yun Zhang, Zhigao Huang, Huamin Zhou, and Jianhui Li. "The inter-element coupling effect of triangular flat shells." Engineering Computations 32, no. 7 (2015): 1959–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-11-2014-0230.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the inter-element coupling effect of membrane and plate components between two adjacent shells occurring on the common boundary. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, three triangular flat shells developed by combining an excellent membrane element (OPT) with three outstanding plate bending elements (DKT, RDKTM and DST-BK), respectively, are used to study this phenomenon. Benchmark tests are implemented to evaluate the performance of three selected plate elements and the formulated flat shells. Findings – The inter-element coupling effect

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Srichanachaichok, Wiranchana, and Dakrong Pissuwan. "Micro/Nano Structural Investigation and Characterization of Mussel Shell Waste in Thailand as a Feasible Bioresource of CaO." Materials 16, no. 2 (2023): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020805.

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Mussel shell waste, which is regularly disposed by households, restaurants, markets, or farms, causes environmental problems worldwide, including in Thailand, because of its long decomposing time. Owing to a large amount of calcium (Ca) content from calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in mussel shell waste, many Thai local businesses grind the shell waste into powder and sell it as a source of Ca. Generally, these powdered waste shells are a mixture of various types of mussel shell waste. In this study, we investigated and characterized powdered mixed waste shells sold in a local Thai market (called mix

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9

Nurudin, La Ode, Lukas Kano Mangalla, and La Ode Ahmad Barata. "Analisis Karakteristik Biomassa Cangkang Kelapa Dan Kulit Mete Melalui Proses Torefaksi." Enthalpy : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Teknik Mesin 7, no. 1 (2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55679/enthalpy.v7i1.24559.

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In the face of the depletion of fossil fuels, alternative fuels such as biomass are needed. However, biomass has a fairly low calorific value and several other disadvantages compared to petroleum. Therefore, a new breakthrough is needed to correct these weaknesses, one of which is the Torrefaction process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of torrefaction of coconut shell and cashew shell biomass on the physical and chemical properties of the material. This research was conducted using coconut shells and cashew shells. The results of this study indicate that the calorific v

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10

Laidre, Mark E., and Rebecca Trinh. "Unlike terrestrial hermit crabs, marine hermit crabs do not prefer shells previously used by conspecifics." Crustaceana 87, no. 7 (2014): 856–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003320.

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Gastropod shells represent an essential resource for hermit crabs (Decapoda, Anomura). In many cases, hermit crabs acquire used shells from conspecifics who previously occupied the shell. Terrestrial hermit crabs (Coenobita compressus H. Milne Edwards, 1836) strongly prefer used shells. Here we test whether marine hermit crabs (Pagurus samuelis (Stimpson, 1857)) also exhibit a preference for used shells by providing them with matched pairs of (1) a used shell (previously occupied by either the choosing crab itself or by a conspecific) versus (2) a brand new shell (freshly derived from a predat

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11

Alcaraz, Guillermina, and Karla Kruesi. "Niche overlap and resource partitioning between two intertidal hermit crab species." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, no. 1 (2017): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417001850.

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The gastropod shell influences important aspects of the hermit crab's life; however, the shells are commonly a limited resource. Therefore, different hermit crab species that coexist in intertidal areas are commonly involved in intraspecific and interspecific competition for shells. We assess if differences in shell preference, exploitation ability, or competition by interference can explain the partitioning of shells between the coexisting species Calcinus californiensis and Clibanarius albidigitus. Clibanarius preferred shells of Nerita funiculata among the six gastropod shells tested, while

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12

Wang, Zhen, and Yang Zhao. "Buckling Strength of Tapered Cylindrical Shells under Partial Axial Compression: Effect of Circumferential Weld-Induced Imperfections." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.49.

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Buckling is often the main design consideration for thin cylindrical shells. For most load cases, the stability behavior of the shell is acutely sensitive to circumferential weld-induced imperfections, and the corresponding residual stresses are some beneficial to buckling strength of the shell generally. However, these conclusions are all based on the cylinders with constant wall thickness, and the studies about the effect of residual stresses on buckling strength of tapered cylindrical shells under partial axial compression are few. This paper applies trapezoidal strain field approach to sim

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13

Li, Bing Ru, Xuan Yin Wang, Hui Liang Ge, and Yue Peng Jiang. "Study on Applicability of Sound Radiation Characteristics of Thin Finite Length Cylindrical Shells Using Wave Propagation Approach." Applied Mechanics and Materials 190-191 (July 2012): 1325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.190-191.1325.

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Based on Donnell’s thin shell theory and basic equations, the wave propagation method is discussed here in detail, which is used to investigate the vibration and sound radiation characteristics of thin finite length circular cylindrical shells and ring stiffened shells under various boundary conditions. The effects of boundary conditions, mode truncation, shell’s length, thickness and rings on the acoustic radiation are explored. It is shown that the wave propagation method is more effective for the long cylindrical shell, and the mode truncation can satisfy the calculation accuracy. The concl

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Li, Bing Ru, Yue Peng Jiang, Xuan Yin Wang, and Hui Liang Ge. "Vibro-Acoustics Characteristics of Non-Uniform Ring Stiffened Cylindrical Shells Using Wave Propagation Approach." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.562.

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Based on Donnell’s thin shell theory and basic equations, the wave propagation method is discussed here in detail, which is used to investigate the vibration and sound radiation characteristics of non-uniform ring stiffened cylindrical shells under various boundary conditions. The structure damp effects of cylindrical shells are investigated and the ring ribs were considered very narrow, and the rib forces are considered in radial direction. The conclusion are drawn that with the structural loss factor changing large, the whole pressure level are changed little, but the peak of resonance are s

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15

Yang, Yeong-Bin, and Jae-Hoon Kang. "Comparisons of Paraboloidal Shells and Sinusoidal-Shaped Shells in Natural Frequencies." Volume 24, No 3, September 2019 24, no. 3 (2019): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20855/ijav.2019.24.312.

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Natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained for a sinusoidal-shaped shell of revolution by using the Ritz method from a three-dimensional (3-D) analysis instead of a mathematically two-dimensional (2-D) thin shell theory or high order thick shell theory. The present analysis uses circular cylindrical coordinates instead of 3-D shell coordinates, which have been used in traditional shell analyses. Convergence studies can analyze the first five frequencies to four-digit exactitude. Results are given for a variety of shallow and deep sinusoidal-shaped shells with different boundary condition

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Yang, Yeong-Bin, and Jae-Hoon Kang. "Comparisons of Paraboloidal Shells and Sinusoidal-Shaped Shells in Natural Frequencies." June 2019 24, no. 2 (2019): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20855/ijav.2019.24.31276.

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Natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained for a sinusoidal-shaped shell of revolution by using the Ritz method from a three-dimensional (3-D) analysis instead of a mathematically two-dimensional (2-D) thin shell theory or high order thick shell theory. The present analysis uses circular cylindrical coordinates instead of 3-D shell coordinates, which have been used in traditional shell analyses. Convergence studies can analyze the first five frequencies to four-digit exactitude. Results are given for a variety of shallow and deep sinusoidal-shaped shells with different boundary condition

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17

Li, Dao Kui, and Yong Jun Lei. "Free Vibration of a Cylindrical Shell with Varied Initial Stresses in Different Longitudinal Sections." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.717.

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An exact and closed-form solution is obtained for free vibration problems of homogeneous isotropic cylindrical shells, which is under arbitrary boundary conditions and with varied initial stresses in different longitudinal sections. First, the cylindrical shell is divided into multiple sub-shells according to their thicknesses and initial stresses. And the displacement functions of the sub-shell’s middle plane are expanded as trigonometric series in circumferential direction. Then, based on the simplified Donnell shell theory, a set of fundamental dynamic equations, which take initial stresses

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18

Nurkaya, Hamka, Diva Aprilia Yahya, Eva Nurmarini, and Marwati. "The Chemical Properties of a Mixing of Palm Kernel Shell Charcoal and Coconut Shell Charcoal in Making Briquettes." Buletin Loupe 20, no. 01 (2024): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51967/buletinloupe.v20i01.3000.

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This study aims to make briquettes from palm shells and coconut shells and determine the chemical properties of mixing palm shells and coconut shells. The study was conducted using the Complete Random Design (RAL) method by testing water content, ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon. The mixing treatment of palm shells and coconut shells according to the ratio, namely P1 = palm shell:coconut shell (100:0), P2 = palm shell:coconut shell (75:25), P3 = palm shell:coconut shell (50:50), P4 = palm shell:coconut shell (25:75), P5 = palm shell:coconut shell (0:100). The results showed that

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Tarn, Jiann-Quo, Yung-Ming Wang, and Shi-Horng Chang. "Theory of Multilayered Anisotropic Shells Based on an Asymptotic Variational Formulation." Journal of Mechanics 14, no. 4 (1998): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100000204.

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ABSTRACTA general theory for multilayered anisotropic elastic shells is developed in an asymptotic variational framework of 3-D elasticity. The generic shell continuum considered is heterogeneous through the thickness. It is shown that the classical laminated shell theory based on Love's assumption arises naturally as the first-order approximation to the 3-D theory. Higher-order corrections can be determined by solving the 2-D shell equations hierarchically. The associated edge conditions at each level of approximation are derived. Various types of shells such as shells of revolution, conical

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20

Wang, Tsai-Yih, and Franklin A. Pokorny. "Pecan Shells as an Organic Component of Container Potting Media." HortScience 24, no. 1 (1989): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.1.75.

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Abstract Pecan shells, a waste product of the nut processing industry, were evaluated as a potential container medium component. Raw shells need to be hammer-milled or otherwise transformed into a physically consistent product. Shells were acidic (pH 4.8) and low in soluble salts and water-extractable nutrients. Four shell-based media (100% milled pecan shells, 3 shells: 1 sand, 1 shells: 1 sand, and 1 shells: 3 sand, v/v) were evaluated. Control medium was 1.5 Canadian sphagnum peat: 1 perlite (v/v). Growth of begonia (Begonia semperflorens Link and Otto ‘Scarlet’) and tomato plants (Lycopers

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21

Galletly, G. D., and J. Blachut. "Buckling Design of Imperfect Welded Hemispherical Shells Subjected to External Pressure." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Mechanical Engineering Science 205, no. 3 (1991): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1991_205_108_02.

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Welded hemispherical or spherical shells in practice have initial geometric imperfections in them that are random in nature. These imperfections determine the buckling resistance of a shell to external pressure but their magnitudes will not be known until after the shell has been built. If suitable simplified, but realistic, imperfection shapes can be found, then a reasonably accurate theoretical prediction of a spherical shell's buckling/collapse pressure should be possible at the design stage. The main aim of the present paper is to show that the test results obtained at the David Taylor Mod

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Tzou, H. S., and J. P. Zhong. "Electromechanics and Vibrations of Piezoelectric Shell Distributed Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 115, no. 3 (1993): 506–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899129.

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Smart piezoelectric structures, conventional passive materials integrated with piezoelectric sensors, actuators, and control electronics, have great potentials in many engineering applications. This paper is devoted to a new theoretical development of generic piezoelectric shell distributed systems. System electromechanical equations and boundary conditions for a thick piezoelectric shell continuum with symmetrical hexagonal structure (Class C6v = 6 mm) are derived using Hamilton’s principle and linear piezoelectric theory. Further simplification leads to a set of new electromechanical system

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23

Muljani, Srie, Erwan Adi Saputra, and Ketut Sumada. "Transformation of Calcium Carbonate Polymorph From Various Type of Shells by Carbonation Methods." Reaktor 21, no. 1 (2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.21.1.27-34.

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The utilization of shells can reduce the accumulation of shell wastes and increase the value of shells to achieve ecological and economic incentives. This study examines the transformation of calcium carbonate polymorph from several types of shells to understand the causes of their characteristics in order to suitable for their use. The types of shells used in this experiment are selected based on consumable and their habitats such as snail shells, crab shells, eggshells, batik mussels shells, and golden conch shells. The prepared shells calcinate at 900 °C, the reaction with hydrochloric acid

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Meldahl, Keith H., Karl W. Flessa, and Alan H. Cutler. "Time-averaging and postmortem skeletal survival in benthic fossil assemblages: quantitative comparisons among Holocene environments." Paleobiology 23, no. 2 (1997): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300016791.

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We used radiocarbon ages on dead Holocene shells of the venerid bivalveChionespp. to investigate how time-averaging and taphonomy in shallow marine benthic assemblages vary with sedimentary and tectonic setting. We compared shells collected from the sediment surface in five depositional environments from two regions of the Gulf of California, Mexico: Bahía Concepción, a young faulted rift basin with high rates of terrigenous and carbonate sedimentation; and Bahía la Choya, an intertidal system along a sediment-starved shelf. Frequency distributions of shell ages in all environments form a holl

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B., Neeraja. "Molluscan Shell Diversity of Ennore Creek, Chennai, India." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 01 (2022): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i01.015.

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Molluscs are the soft bodied invertebrates, which are protected by calcium carbonate shells. The shells are coated mostly with calcium carbonate and protein matrix in a process called bio-mineralization. Apart from playing a major role in the aquatic ecosystem, they are considered to be best bio-indicators of environmental pollution, as their soft tissues, and their shells are known to accumulate the pollutants. The divers patterns and different shell morphologies of the clams, snails and oysters, seem to be influenced by the solar radiation, predator stress and various environmental factors,

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Godin, Oleg A. "Sound scattering and radiation suppression by pressurized spherical shells." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 5 (2023): 3223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0022416.

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Thin-shell models offer important insights into the complex process of sound-structure interaction but are found to be inconsistent with the rigorous thick-shell theory for fluid-loaded spherical shells. Here, linearized equations of motion of fluid-loaded, thin, spherical shells are re-derived from the first principles. The shell may be prestressed due to the difference in the static pressures in the internal and external fluids. Differences in the fluid-loading terms from previously proposed ad hoc models are identified and their significance is analyzed. Analytic solutions are derived of th

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27

Gönnenwein, Friedrich. "Shells, Anti-Shells and Modes in nuclear Fission." EPJ Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819301001.

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Fission phenomena are surveyed where fragment properties are catching the eye. Beyond the Liquid Drop the relevant properties of fragments are shell effects and nuclear pairing. Shell effects influence on mass, charge, stability and deformability of fragments. Most often only the stabilizing effects of shells are discussed and the equally frequent destabilizing effects are not mentioned. For the present purpose the terms shells and anti-shells are used in case of stabilizing and destabilizing effects, respectively. Fragment shells and anti-shells lead to fission modes with characteristic prope

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Sun, Jianliang, Xu Zhang, Yuanhe Zhang, Xianghui Lu, and Yan Peng. "Failure Behavior of Corrugated Pressure Cylindrical Shells with Variable Wall Thickness under Uniform External Pressure." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 3 (2024): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030385.

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The main load-bearing structure of submarines is the pressure shell. Shell failures are usually caused by high hydrostatic pressure and its own potential geometric imperfections. This paper proposes a cylindrical shell with a strong corrugated stiffening structure. Two theoretically geometrically identical shells are fabricated using CNC machining to ensure the reproducibility and reasonableness of the results. Firstly, the point cloud data of all the geometric parameters of the corrugated pressure cylindrical shells were obtained using a 3D scanner. Geomagic Control X 3D inspection software w

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Nguyen, C. M., D. R. Shelevaya, and D. A. Krasnorutskiy. "CALCULATION OF STATIC DEFORMATION OF AXISYMMETRIC SHELLS OF ROTATION WITH DIFFERENTIAL MODEL." PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin, no. 1 (December 15, 2024): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2024.1.07.

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In the paper differential equations of static geometrically nonlinear deformation of axisymmetric shell of rotation are obtained. The resolving functions are projections of vectors in the global coordinate system. The equations allow describing any geometry of meridian (breaks, curvature jumps), large deformations, changing of shell thicknesses during deformation, also cross shears characteristic for thick shells. For the numerical solution, the approach based on the finite difference method is applied, which is realized in the own software package for the calculation of the mechanics of spati

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Charpentier, Victor, and Sigrid Adriaenssens. "Effect of Gravity on the Scale of Compliant Shells." Biomimetics 5, no. 1 (2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics5010004.

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Thin shells are found across scales ranging from biological blood cells to engineered large-span roof structures. The engineering design of thin shells used as mechanisms has occasionally been inspired by biomimetic concept generators. The research goal of this paper is to establish the physical limits of scalability of shells. Sixty-four instances of shells across length scales have been organized into five categories: engineering stiff and compliant, plant compliant, avian egg stiff, and micro-scale compliant shells. Based on their thickness and characteristic dimensions, the mechanical beha

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Kızılkaya, Bayram, Harun Yıldız, Sefa Acarlı, and Pervin Vural. "Investigation of the Chemical Composition of the Shell Structure of Mytilus galloprovincialis Mussel From Kefken, Türkiye." Acta Natura et Scientia 5, no. 1 (2024): 57–68. https://doi.org/10.61326/actanatsci.v5i1.7.

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In this study, the chemical composition of Mytilus galloprovincialis shells was examined. As known, the main component of shell composition in bivalves is calcium carbonate, which constitutes approximately 94% of the shell. The zero charge points (PZC) of the shells were determined in the study. The PZC value indicates the surface charge state of the shells. The PZC value of the shells was determined to be 8.39. The PZC value of the shells provides important information for the characterization and potential applications of the shells. SEM images and EDS analyzes of the shells were made. Accor

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Floeter, S. R., R. C. Nalesso, M. M. P. Rodrigues, and A. Turra. "Patterns of shell utilization and selection in two sympatric hermit crabs (Anomura: Diogenidae) in south-eastern Brazil." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, no. 6 (2000): 1053–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400003118.

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The present study evaluated shell utilization and preference of two sympatric hermit crab species, Calcinus tibicen and Clibanarius antillensis, from Ilha Galheta de Dentro, Vitória Bay, south-eastern Brazil. Distribution of individuals and use and availability of shells were estimated in the field, where micro-habitat and shell partitioning were demonstrated between the two species of crabs. Calcinus occurred in higher numbers in the infralittoral fringe and shallow subtidal, while Clibanarius was found mainly in the midlittoral zone. The crabs used shells of different architectures and sizes

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Yan, Qing Song, Xu Xiong, Gang Lu, et al. "Comparison of Dimensional Accuracy for Different Investment Casting Shells and Binders Based on Selective Laser Sintering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 120 (October 2011): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.120.243.

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The dimensional accuracy of shells and binders of investment casting which incorporation with selective laser sintering is investigated. The results show that the dimensional accuracy of colloidal silica is higher than that of ethyl silicate, and the dimensional variation rate of investment casting shells produced with colloidal silica is much lower than ethyl silicate shells. Moreover, colloidal silica possesses better performance on environmental protection and production cost control. These indicate that the comprehensive properties of colloidal silica are better than that of ethyl silicate

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Lim, Teik Cheng. "Spherical Auxetic Shells." Advanced Materials Research 804 (September 2013): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.804.146.

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Materials that exhibit negative Poissons ratio are called auxetic materials. Although such materials are quite rare, they nevertheless exist as naturally occurring materials and artificially made materials. Due to their unique material properties, auxetic materials have been intensively investigated for the past 20 years. This paper studies the effect of auxeticity on the maximum stresses in spherical shells. The results suggest that auxetic materials are not suitable for shells with built-in edge, but highly suitable for shells that are simply supported. For the latter boundary condition, it

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Zannon, Mohammad, and Hussam Alrabaiah. "Mathematical Formulation of Laminated Composite Thick Conical Shells." Journal of Mathematics Research 8, no. 4 (2016): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmr.v8n4p166.

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<span lang="EN-US">The </span><span lang="EN-US">mathematical formulation</span><span lang="EN-US">of thick conical shells using third order shear deformation of thick shell theory are presented. The equations of motion are obtained using Hamilton’s principle. For present analysis, we consider shell's system transverse normal stress, rotary inertia and shear deformation.</span>

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Odyuo, Aronthung S., and P. Mercy. "On Fibonacci Range Labeling for Standard Shell Graphs." Journal of Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science 38, no. 7 (2023): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamcs/2023/v38i71773.

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A shell C[n, (n - 3)] of size n is a graph obtained by taking (n - 3) concurrent chords in a cycle \(C_n\) on n vertices. Deb and Limaye (2002) have conjectured that all multiple shells are harmonious. The conjecture has prove to be true for uniform double shells, uniform triple shells and uniform quadruple shells. Here, we prove for a non- uniform double shells with order m and n, where n = (m - 1) and \(\kappa\)-copies of a shell C[n, (n - 3)]\(\kappa\) with a union of \(K_2\) for n = 4, 2\(K_2\) for n = 6 and 3\(K_2\) for n = 8, having a common end vertex joined to the apex of the shell are

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RYAN, EMILY K., MICHAEL J. SOREGHAN, MICHAEL M. MCGLUE, et al. "PALEOENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF TIME-AVERAGING AND TAPHONOMIC VARIATION OF SHELL BEDS IN LAKE TANGANYIKA, AFRICA." PALAIOS 35, no. 2 (2020): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2019.037.

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ABSTRACT The lake bottom along structural platforms in Lake Tanganyika, Africa, is carpeted with numerous large shell beds, known to be of late Holocene age, but of uncertain assemblage process. The shell beds may be the result of sedimentological (physical) assembly processes, or biological processes, or both. Previous work focused on the distribution of shell-rich facies, and showed time averaging of the surficial shell bioclasts over the last ∼ 1600 calendar years BP. We focus on an extensive shell deposit along a deltaic platform in Kungwe Bay, Tanzania and examine time-averaging and tapho

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Meng, Yuan, Zhenbin Guo, Susan C. Fitzer, et al. "Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis." Biogeosciences 15, no. 22 (2018): 6833–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6833-2018.

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Abstract. The rapidly intensifying process of ocean acidification (OA) due to anthropogenic CO2 is not only depleting carbonate ions necessary for calcification but also causing acidosis and disrupting internal pH homeostasis in several marine organisms. These negative consequences of OA on marine calcifiers, i.e. oyster species, have been very well documented in recent studies; however, the consequences of reduced or impaired calcification on the end-product, shells or skeletons, still remain one of the major research gaps. Shells produced by marine organisms under OA are expected to show sig

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LaBarbera, Michael, and Rachel Ann Merz. "Postmortem changes in strength of gastropod shells: evolutionary implications for hermit crabs, snails, and their mutual predators." Paleobiology 18, no. 4 (1992): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300010940.

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Calliostoma ligatum shells inhabited by hermit crabs were weaker than shells inhabited by snails collected at the same locality. When shells of C. ligatum were loaded repetitively to 80% of their predicted failure load, hermit crab-inhabited shells showed an immediate drop in shell strength followed by a progressive further loss of shell strength over the next 18 days. Snailinhabited C. ligatum shells exhibited a decrease in strength after 9 days, but returned to initial values within 18 days of loading.Hermit crabs thus bear shells significantly weaker than they were when borne by the gastrop

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Eslami, M. R., and M. Shariyat. "Elastic, Plastic, and Creep Buckling of Imperfect Cylinders Under Mechanical and Thermal Loading." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 119, no. 1 (1997): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842263.

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Based on the concept of secant and tangent modulus, the nonlinear equilibrium and stability equations of thin cylindrical shells under axial compression, external pressure, or external fluid pressure are derived. The resulting equations are applicable to shells without length limitation as the rotations and transverse shears are included in the derivations. The reduction factors for plastic and creep buckling are then obtained. A procedure for determining secant and tangent modulus in the very general case of elastic, plastic, or creep stress in the presence of temperature gradient is proposed

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Crofts, S. B., and A. P. Summers. "How to best smash a snail: the effect of tooth shape on crushing load." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 92 (2014): 20131053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.1053.

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Organisms that are durophagous, hard prey consumers, have a diversity of tooth forms. To determine why we see this variation, we tested whether some tooth forms break shells better than others. We measured the force needed with three series of aluminium tooth models, which varied in concavity and the morphology of a stress concentrating cusp, to break a shell. We created functionally identical copies of two intertidal snail shells: the thicker shelled Nucella ostrina and the more ornamented Nucella lamellosa using a three-dimensional printer. In this way, we reduced variation in material prope

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Munawaroh, Ratu, and Marissa Cory Agustina Siagian. "Processing of Pearl Clam Shells as Beads Materials in Deluxe Ready-to-Wear Fashion." KnE Social Sciences 10, no. 3 (2025): 76–82. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v10i3.17899.

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Indonesia is famous for its territorial waters, including the sea and islands, which have a high potential for resources produced, namely mussel shells. Clams have economic value, both meat and pearls, while the shells cannot be utilized, resulting in the accumulation of shell waste, one of which is pearl clam shells. The shoreline that becomes a dumping ground for shell waste makes the beach unattractive and uncomfortable. Pearl clam shells can be utilized as a basic material with strong and shiny characteristics. The utilization of pearl mussel shell waste is currently only used as the main

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Turra, Alexander, and Fosca P. P. Leite. "Shell utilization patterns of a tropical intertidal hermit crab assemblage." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82, no. 1 (2002): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315402005210.

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The shell selection and utilization patterns of three sympatric hermit crab populations (Clibanarius antillensis, C. sclopetarius, and C. vittatus) and shell availability were studied in a tropical intertidal low energy area. Shell availability (except for C. antillensis) was low and the hermit crabs showed overlap in size (mainly C. sclopetarius and C. vittatus). The influence of shell availability and selection on shell use was dependent on crab species. Clibanarius antillensis used mainly shells of Cerithium atratum, the most available shell species, while Clibanarius sclopetarius and C. vi

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Cicero, Diogo Lins de Oliveira, Maria Siqueira Quirino Ana, Andrade da Silva Erasmo, et al. "Shell choice and occupation by the hermit crab (Crustacea: Diogenidae) in laboratory environment." International Journal of Aquatic Biology 6, no. 2 (2018): 61–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3402532.

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The Neotropical hermit crabs’ behaviour is rarely studied, although it is an important tool for the conservation of these invertebrates. In this context, the present study aimed to describe the hermit crab ethogram on its behaviour in the choice and dispute by shells. 60 specimens of hermit crabs were collected that were occupying mollusc shells Cerithium atratum, in sandstone reefs. In the laboratory, 30 hermit crabs were removed from their host shells by heating, the rest remained in their shells. The specimens were submitted to five experimental tests: (I) behaviour, (II) shell disput

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Suárez-Rodríguez, Monserrat, Karla Kruesi, and Guillermina Alcaraz. "The shadow of the shell: a cue for a new home." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, no. 5 (2019): 1165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315419000122.

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AbstractHermit crabs use different senses to search for and find shells. In most cases, chemical cues have been proven to act as a very efficient way of finding new shells. However, in intertidal environments, the water transports chemical signals in different directions and velocities may make it harder to track the source of the cue, so visual stimuli may be a more precise source of information. The hermit crab Calcinus californiensis shows a preference for the biconical shells of Stramonita biserialis, although the crabs may also use the less preferred shell of Nerita scabricosta. We were i

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Grant, Chrissy. "Beautiful shells and their connection to the Reef." Queensland Review 28, no. 2 (2021): 80–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2022.2.

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Shells are beautiful! They are really ingenious in the way that they are made and the animals they house. The shells grow with the animal, from tiny little shells to a great big shell. An animal wasn’t born that big, so the large shells have been there for years.

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Ovesy, Hamid Reza, and Jamshid Fazilati. "Lay-Up Effects on the Dynamic Instability of Moderately Thick Stiffened Curved Panels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 1477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.1477.

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The dynamic instability of cylindrical shell panels having longitudinal stiffener is studied by using the developed finite strip method (FSM). The method is formulated using the third order shear deformation shell's theory of Reddy's form and the Koiter-Sanders theory for cylindrical shells is implemented. The lay-up effects of skin as well as the stiffener are investigated.

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Sadygov, I. "FREE AND FORCED VIBRATIONS OF SHELLS OF VARIOUS SHAPES, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE VARIABILITY OF THE NON-LINEAR ELASTIC MATERIAL." Construction Materials and Products 3, no. 1 (2020): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-1-70-75.

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the article considers issues of shell vibrations, which are widely used in various industries and construction. Shells serve as elements of building structures with large spans. The chapter “Introduction” discussed issues related to the use of shells in all areas of industry, in aviation, rocket and space technology, railway transport, in the oil and gas industry and provides examples of shells for use in ceilings of circuses, stations, hangars; in industry: shells of rotation used as tanks, containers, columns, reactors, etc. In the section “Materials and research methods” free and forc

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Langer, G., G. Nehrke, C. Baggini, R. Rodolfo-Metalpa, J. M. Hall-Spencer, and J. Bijma. "Limpets counteract ocean acidification induced shell corrosion by thickening of aragonitic shell layers." Biogeosciences 11, no. 24 (2014): 7363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-7363-2014.

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Abstract. Specimens of the patellogastropod limpet Patella caerulea were collected within (pHlow-shells) and outside (pHn-shells) a CO2 vent site at Ischia, Italy. Four pHlow-shells and four pHn-shells were sectioned transversally and scanned for polymorph distribution by means of confocal Raman microscopy. The pHlow-shells displayed a twofold increase in aragonite area fraction and size-normalised aragonite area. Size-normalised calcite area was halved in pHlow-shells. Taken together with the increased apical and the decreased flank size-normalised thickness of the pHlow-shells, these data le

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Langer, G., G. Nehrke, C. Baggini, R. Rodolfo-Metalpa, J. Hall-Spencer, and J. Bijma. "Limpets counteract ocean acidification induced shell corrosion by thickening of aragonitic shell layers." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 8 (2014): 12571–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-12571-2014.

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Abstract. Specimens of the patellogastropod limpet Patella caerulea were collected within (pHlow-shells) and outside (pHn-shells) a CO2 vent site at Ischia, Italy. Four pHlow-shells and four pHn-shells were sectioned transversally and scanned for polymorph distribution by means of confocal Raman microscopy. The pHlow-shells displayed a twofold increase in aragonite area fraction and size normalised aragonite area. Size normalised calcite area was halved in pHlow-shells. Taken together with the increased apical and the decreased flank size normalised thickness of the pHlow-shells, these data le

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