Journal articles: 'Shifting cultivation'

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Panda, B. K., and Sukanta Sarkar. "Shifting Cultivation in North-East India: Growth and Progress." Dera Natung Government College Research Journal 2, no. 1 (2017): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.56405/dngcrj.2017.02.01.07.

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The agricultural production systems in the hilly areas differ from the plough cultivation in the plain areas. The term shifting cultivation refers to a certain method of farming. In this particular method, land is widely used to cultivate crops for a few years, then allowed to lie fallow for several years after which it is reused again. Shifting cultivation is said to be one of the unsustainable land uses contributing significantly to environmental degradation. Across South and Southeast Asia, a large number of people depend fully or partly on shifting cultivation for their livelihood and food security. In the Himalayan region of the north east, the agricultural practice of shifting cultivation also known as jhum cultivation or rotational agro-forestry, prevalent since prehistoric times, is being carried out by traditional tribal societies even today. The objective of this paper is to study the growth and progress of shifting cultivations in North-Eastern India.

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Saharjo, Bambang Hero. "Shifting cultivation in peatlands." Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 12, no. 1 (July 1, 2006): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-006-9048-3.

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Bhuyan, Ratna. "Review Note on Shifting Cultivation in Northeast India amidst Changing Perceptions." Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 13 (December 29, 2019): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v13i0.24252.

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Historically, shifting cultivation has been traced back to the neolithic period. It has undergone transitions from being a subsistence agriculture to small surpluses. Despite the global changes intruding into the socio-economic sphere of the tribal communities across Northeastern region of India, shifting cultivation continues to play an important role in providing livelihoods and food security to the rural tribal households. It seems that shifting cultivation is closely tied to the cultural identity of the tribal people. Therefore, its importance lies beyond mere economic concerns. Though with government interventions and under innovative shifting cultivation, the farmers in the region have switched to newer methods of cultivation, shifting cultivation continues parallel to sedentary cultivation accommodating at the same time the value system and needs of the tribal society. Concurrently, the Jhumias – shifting cultivators are constantly incorporating new measures into shifting cultivation to make it ecologically less destructive. Amidst changing perceptions on shifting cultivation practices, the paper tries to analyse the continuance of shifting cultivation in the region.

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Sarkar, Sukanta. "THE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF SHIFTING CULTIVATION IN NORTH-EASTERN STATES OF INDIA." International Journal of Management, Public Policy and Research 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.55829/ijmpr.v3i2.222.

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The paper discussed the historical perspectives of shifting cultivation in north-eastern states of India. It has been found that north-eastern region of India has long history of shifting cultivation. Shifting cultivation is a primitive method of agricultural cultivation in the region. Ethnic tribal people are more involve in such cultivation. Large portion land in the region are still under such cultivation. Culture, rituals and customs of the tribal people are connected with shifting cultivation. Area under shifting cultivation are declined in the region due to many reasons. Low production of crops, lack of rainfall, and government restrictions are the prominent factors. But large portion of land in Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Arunachal Pradesh, are still under the shifting cultivation. Poor tribal people are more involved in shifting cultivation because of less use of capital, inputs, machines etc. It is a labour-intensive method of cultivation. There are negative ecological implications of shifting cultivation on nature. The Government of many states in the region has already prohibited such cultivation considering its environmental consequences and encouraging them for transforming in agro-forestry.

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Lindsay, Falvey. "Shifting Cultivation: A Cautionary Note." Asian Agri-History 22, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311//aah/2018/v22i3/21445.

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Lindsay, Falvey. "Shifting Cultivation: A Cautionary Note." Asian Agri-History 22, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/aah/2018/21445.

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Lindsay, Falvey. "Shifting Cultivation: A Cautionary Note." Asian Agri-History 22, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/aah/2018/v22i3/21445.

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FUKUOKA, Yoshitaka, Asit DASH, and S. N. TRIPATHY. "Shifting Cultivation in Orissa, INDIA." New Geography 33, no. 3 (1985): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5996/newgeo.33.3_25.

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Shimizu, Katsuto, Tetsuji Ota, Nobuya Mizoue, and Shigejiro Yoshida. "Patch-Based Assessments of Shifting Cultivation Detected by Landsat Time Series Images in Myanmar." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 19, 2018): 3350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093350.

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Shifting cultivation is a widely practiced agriculture system in the tropics. Regardless of the dominant land use, the dynamics of shifting cultivation over large areas are of limited knowledge. We conducted patch-based assessments and characterization of shifting cultivation extracted from already developed dataset, which detected shifting cultivation by a trajectory-based analysis using annual Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI time series images from 2000 to 2014 in Myanmar. An accuracy assessment was conducted in terms of the size and number of cleared areas compared with reference polygons of shifting cultivation, which were manually delineated by visual interpretation using Landsat and high-resolution satellite images from Google Earth™ in the selected areas. The producer’s and user’s accuracies in detecting the number of shifting cultivation patches were 78.1% and 88.4%, respectively. In whole study area, the probability of disturbances caused by shifting cultivation was significantly affected by distance to the nearest village, indicating the importance of accessibility from residences. The number of shifting cultivation patches showed a decreasing trend in this region and it will lead to less cleared forests such as located far from residences. These dynamics of shifting cultivation have possibility to affect the mosaic patterns of landscape and function maintained in the landscape in this region.

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Chen, Shijuan, Curtis E. Woodcock, Thatheva Saphangthong, and Pontus Olofsson. "Satellite data reveals a recent increase in shifting cultivation and associated carbon emissions in Laos." Environmental Research Letters 18, no. 11 (October 13, 2023): 114012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acffdd.

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Abstract Although shifting cultivation is the major land use type in Laos, the spatial-temporal patterns and the associated carbon emissions of shifting cultivation in Laos are largely unknown. This study provides a nationwide analysis of the spatial-temporal patterns of shifting cultivation and estimations of the associated carbon emissions in Laos over the last three decades. This study found that shifting cultivation has been expanding and intensifying in Laos, especially in the last 5 years. The newly cultivated land from 2016 to 2020 accounted for 4.5% (±1.2%) of the total land area of Laos. Furthermore, the length of fallow periods has been continuously declining, indicating that shifting cultivation is becoming increasingly intensive. Combining biomass derived from Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation and shifting cultivation maps and area estimates, we found that the net carbon emissions from shifting cultivation declined in 2001–2015 but increased in 2016–2020. The largest carbon source is conversion from intact forests to shifting cultivation, which contributed to 89% of the total emissions from 2001 to 2020. In addition, there were increased emissions from intensified use of fallow lands. This research provides useful information for policymakers in Laos to understand the changes in shifting cultivation and improve land use management. This study not only supports Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation reporting for Laos but also provides a methodology for tracking carbon emissions and removals of shifting cultivation.

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P, PUNITHA, M. A. ANSARI, DILEEP K. PANDEY, DAYA RAM, SHIV DATT, P. K. SHARMA, MONIKA AHEIBAM, S. S. P. JYOTHI, and N. PRAKASH. "Shifting cultivation in North East India: Social dimension, cross cultural reflection and strategies for improvement." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no. 6 (June 14, 2018): 811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i6.80497.

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The shifting cultivation is an indigenous land use system widely prevalent and practiced in North East India. Around the globe, the tropical countries practise this form of land use called commonly as shifting cultivation or swidden or slash and burn agriculture. Being one of the dominant land use systems, shifting cultivation calls for investigation by the interested researchers and academicians. Hence, the purpose of the present endeavor is to analyze the basic social dimensions of shifting cultivation through interventions analysis of secondary information and strategies for improvement. The review lays focus on shifting cultivation in India and blending the accumulated experiences with those of other countries. The review takes into account social characteristics of the shifting cultivation, the underlying causes of the shifting cultivation, the Government of India initiatives and impacts to control the shifting cultivation, sustainability, livelihood and food security and the shifting trends in shifting cultivation and the strategies for livelihood improvement. The analysis reveals that the shifting cultivators have an intricate relationship with the land and have a strong affinity and respect towards the land as it is a way of life. The trends in shifting cultivation though depict some patterns of change but the data are highly varied. From the literature, it is observed that there is a transition taking place in the various countries in varied form from subsistence based system to dual economy. The jhum land use is debatable as the practice is criticized as an unscientific form of land use, which causes land degradation and ecosystem fragility. As a result, the region is experiencing colossal loss of vegetation cover and top fertile soils through erosion from steep slopes. Therefore, a significant, multidimensional strategy is required to transform the large scale agricultural degraded land from a financial and environmental liability to valuable assets. However, the systematic and detailed study needs to be conducted in the North Eastern Region on the social dimension of shifting cultivation and strategies for its improvement.

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Persaud, H., R. Thomas, P. Bholanath, T. Smartt, and P. Watt. "OBJECT-BASED IMAGE ANALYSIS APPROACH TO DETERMINE THE FALLOW PERIODS FOR SHIFTING CULTIVATION IN INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN GUYANA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W11 (February 14, 2020): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w11-131-2020.

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Abstract. Shifting cultivation is an agricultural practice that is the basis of subsistence for the Indigenous population in Guyana and has impacted on a total forest area of 13,922ha to varying degrees of impact on forest carbon. Generally, within these communities, there are two types of shifting cultivation: pioneer and rotational. Pioneer shifting cultivation involves the cutting of primary forest and subsequent cropping and then abandonment. Rotational shifting cultivation involves revisiting areas on a rotational cycle. In Guyana, shifting cultivation is not included in the sustainable land use system since no work has been done to understand the rotational cycles. This study utilized an Object-based image analysis (OBIA) of time-series satellite data (Landsat TM5 and OLI) for the period 2004 to 2017 to determine the dynamics of land cover, time-series changes, and prevailing shifting cultivation cycle in the indigenous communities of Jawalla and Phillipai in the western section of Guyana. OBIA proved to be an efficient method for shifting cultivation and sustainable forest management analyses in Guyana. The findings of this study indicate that short fallows are associated with shifting cultivation in Guyana and the size of the patches cleared each year has been increasing. These trends have potential ecological and livelihood implications that can impact the flow of ecosystem services and the sustainability of livelihoods.

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Woost, Mike. "From Shifting Cultivation to Shifting Development in Rural Sri Lanka." Anthropology of Work Review 19, no. 3 (March 1999): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/awr.1999.19.3.23.

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Paiva, Paulo Marcelo, Marcelino Carneiro Guedes, and Claudia Funi. "Brazil nut conservation through shifting cultivation." Forest Ecology and Management 261, no. 3 (February 2011): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.11.001.

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Barthakur, Bhaskar J. "Shifting Cultivation in North-East Region." Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (November 1, 2004): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.7.8.

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Roder, W., O. Calvert, and Y. Dorji. "Shifting cultivation systems practised in Bhutan." Agroforestry Systems 19, no. 2 (August 1992): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00138505.

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Sapkota, Khila Nath. "Rai Community and Shifting Cultivation Practices in Eastern Nepal: A Study of Balakhu, Okhaldhunga." Patan Prospective Journal 3, no. 01 (October 9, 2023): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ppj.v3i01.58940.

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Shifting cultivation is a form of land use pattern among poor and indigenous communities with a rotation of cultivation and follow in the same unit of land. Thousands of indigenous people, with majority households for subsistence living, are depending on shifting cultivation practices. Shifting cultivation in Nepal, locally called as Khoriya or Bhasme, is a land use practice in which indigenous communities clear and cultivate secondary forests in plots of different sizes, leave these plots to regenerate naturally through fallows of medium to long duration. This practice is in transition these days with rising population of shifting cultivators and demand of more food stuff. This case study demonstrates the relationship among land use practices, people livelihood and health issues of Rai community who have involved in shifting cultivation practices in Balakhu Village of Okhaldhunga.

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Sapkota, Khila Nath. "Shifting Cultivation Practices in Rai Community of Eastern Nepal." Researcher CAB: A Journal for Research and Development 2, no. 1 (August 15, 2023): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/rcab.v2i1.57650.

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Shifting cultivation is a form of land use pattern with a rotation of cultivation followed in the same unit of land. Thousands of indigenous people, with majority households in subsistence living, are dependent on shifting cultivation practices due to the lack of alternate source of income generation. Shifting cultivation in Nepal, locally called as Khoriya or Bhasme, is a land use practice in which indigenous communities clear and cultivate secondary forests in plots of different sizes, leave these plots to regenerate naturally through fallows for medium to long duration. This practice is in transition these days due to rising population of shifting cultivators, and demand for more food. The study demonstrates the relationship among land use practices, people’s livelihood and health issues of Rai community who are involved in shifting cultivation practices in Balakhu Village of Okhaldhunga.

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Das, Pulakesh, Sujoy Mudi, Mukunda D. Behera, Saroj K. Barik, Deepak R. Mishra, and Parth S. Roy. "Automated Mapping for Long-Term Analysis of Shifting Cultivation in Northeast India." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061066.

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Assessment of the spatio-temporal dynamics of shifting cultivation is important to understand the opportunities for land restoration. The past studies on shifting cultivation mapping of North-East (NE) India lack systematic assessment techniques. We have developed a decision tree-based multi-step threshold (DTMT) method for consistent and long-term mapping of shifting cultivation using Landsat data from 1975 to 2018. Widely used vegetation indices such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and its relative difference NBR (RdNBR) were integrated with the suitable thresholds in the classification, which yielded overall accuracy above 85%. A significant decrease in total shifting cultivation area was observed with an overall reduction of 75% from 1975–1976 to 2017–2018. The methodology presented in this study is reproducible with minimal inputs and can be useful to map similar changes by optimizing the index threshold values to accommodate relative differences for other landscapes. Furthermore, the crop-suitability maps generated by incorporating climate and soil factors prioritizes suitable land use of shifting cultivation plots. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform was employed for automatic mapping of the shifting cultivation areas at desired time intervals for facilitating seamless dissemination of the map products. Besides the novel DTMT method, the shifting cultivation and crop-suitability maps generated in this study, can aid in sustainable land management.

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Kurien, Lele, and Nagendra. "Farms or Forests? Understanding and Mapping Shifting Cultivation Using the Case Study of West Garo Hills, India." Land 8, no. 9 (August 29, 2019): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8090133.

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Attempts to study shifting cultivation landscapes are fundamentally impeded by the difficulty in mapping and distinguishing shifting cultivation, settled farms and forests. There are foundational challenges in defining shifting cultivation and its constituent land-covers and land-uses, conceptualizing a suitable mapping framework, and identifying consequent methodological specifications. Our objective is to present a rigorous methodological framework and mapping protocol, couple it with extensive fieldwork and use them to undertake a two-season Landsat image analysis to map the forest-agriculture frontier of West Garo Hills district, Meghalaya, in Northeast India. We achieve an overall accuracy of ~80% and find that shifting cultivation is the most extensive land-use, followed by tree plantations and old-growth forest confined to only a few locations. We have also found that commercial plantation extent is positively correlated with shortened fallow periods and high land-use intensities. Our findings are in sharp contrast to various official reports and studies, including from the Forest Survey of India, the Wastelands Atlas of India and state government statistics that show the landscape as primarily forested with only small fractions under shifting cultivation, a consequence of the lack of clear definitions and poor understanding of what constitutes shifting cultivation and forest. Our results call for an attentive revision of India’s official land-use mapping protocols, and have wider significance for remote sensing-based mapping in other shifting cultivation landscapes.

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Adijaya, Sarlan. "Strategi Peladang Berpindah di Routa Dalam Rangka Menguatkan Klaim Hak Atas Tanah Bekas Areal Perladangan Berpindah di Masa Lalu." Emik 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46918/emik.v3i2.656.

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Claims of rights to land formerly shifting cultivation areas in the past, as referred to by the terms orawu, anahoma, laliwata and osambu are now increasingly ineffective - one of which is because the former shifting cultivation area has been abandoned for a long time where the trees have grown as usual, until hardly leaving the slightest sign of former swidden cultivation areas. As a result, lands in the former shifting cultivation areas in the past are now being taken over and controlled by other parties. This research, which lasted for six months, was conducted in Routa District, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, considering that in this area a new phenomenon has developed in which land formerly cultivated areas in the past was re-opened by their descendants of current shifting cultivators in order to strengthen land rights claims. There are …. informants participated in this study, including shifting cultivators and descendants of shifting cultivators, government officials, and local law enforcers. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews and observations. The study shows that the current strategy of the descendants of shifting cultivators in Routa is to re-open their parents' former shifting cultivation areas - this strategy is increasingly emphasized through planting growing crops, creating boundaries and legalizing land rights with both SKT and SHM. These strategies have proven to be quite successful in overcoming the encroachment of former shifting cultivation areas as well as providing new economic bases for shifting cultivators in the form of land and gardens.

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Zodinpuii, Betsy, Lalnuntluanga, and H. Lalthanzara. "Diversity of soil macroarthropods in shifting cultivation and forest ecosystem of Mizoram, Northeast India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 601–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i3.2122.

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Soil organisms are an integral part of agricultural ecosystems and are essential for the maintenance of healthy productive soils. Little is known about soil arthropods assemblages in shifting cultivation system. Therefore, we compared the diversity of soil macroarthropods in shifting cultivation (EXPTL) system and its adjacent natural forest (CTRL) ecosystem in Mizoram, northeast India and assessed the impact of shifting cultivation on the diversity. The study was conducted from 2013 to 2015, and the period was divided as pre-cultivation, cultivation and post-cultivation phases. Traditional shifting cultivation was practised in EXPTL site in the year 2014. Sampling was done by handpicking and digging from a quadrat (25×25×30 cm) located at least 10 m apart at monthly intervals. Specimens were preserved in 4% formalin and were identified up to the lowest possible taxa. A total of 97 taxa of arthropods belonging to five classes were recorded. 88 taxa and 48 taxa were recorded in CTRL and EXPTL respectively. Order-wise Shannon diversity index was significantly higher (p < .001) in CTRL as compared to EXPTL site. There were significant differences in both cultivation (p <.001) and post-cultivation (p <.001) phases between CTRL and EXPTL sites. There was a significant effect of shifting cultivation on the diversity of soil macroarthropods at the p <.05 level for the three cultivation phases in EXPTL site. Therefore, it was concluded that shifting cultivation system negatively affected soil macroarthropod diversity at least for a short duration. This study provided the first baseline data of soil macroarthropod diversity and its interaction with land-use system from Mizoram, northeast India.

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Yusran, Juli, Yonariza Yonariza, Elfindri Elfindri, and Mahdi Mahdi. "KEBANGKITAN LADANG BERPINDAH DI NAGARI SILAYANG KECAMATAN MAPATTUNGGUL SELATAN KABUPATEN PASAMAN PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT." SOCA: Jurnal Sosial, Ekonomi Pertanian 14, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/soca.2020.v14.i01.p01.

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Infrastructure development and ProRLK (deforested Land Rehabilitation Project) a Government of Indonesia collaboration prpject with The German Technical Coorperation Agency (GTZ) in 1992, has shifted the pattern of shifting cultivation to rubber farming in Nagari Silayang. Households engaged in shifting cultivation for food needs, stopped this entrenched practice, and focused on rubber plantations for food needs and financial means. But in recent years, the practice of shifting cultivation has been rife in Nagari Silayang. This phenomenon refutes the theory of agricultural transformastion in many previous studies, which concluded that shifting agricultural patterns lead to patterns that increasingly leave shifting cultivation. The purpose of this study, is to find the factors that cause farm households in Nagari Silayang to return to shifting cultivation, and find ways or strategies to stop forest clearing for swidden land. The research method used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative. Data collection uses observation, key informant interviews and household surveys. the results showed that the revival of shifting cultivation in Nagari Silayang was caused by the decline in global rubber prices, maintaining food security, and efforts to increase household income. This will have an impact on biodiversity damage and even natural disasters, because old forests are converted to agricultural land. This leads to negative impacts on biodiversity and can result in natural disasters, as old forests are converted to agricultural land.

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Zothansanga, David, and Bobby Beingachhi. "The New Land Use Policy: A Panacea for Shifting Cultivation in Mizoram." Senhri Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36110/sjms.2019.04.01.003.

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Shifting Cultivation also called jhumming is an integral part of the social cultural lives of Mizo people. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of Mizoram where about 80% of the population is engaged in the practice. The increase in population has shortened the jhumming cycle and productivity considerably. The area under shifting cultivation varies from 18% to 28% of the geographical area according to numerous studies. Various scholars have opined that shifting cultivation has a negative impact on the forest and landscape. Considering this, the Government of Mizoram in 1984 launched a programme called NLUP (New Land Use Policy) and other schemes with an objective to put an end to the practice of shifting cultivation. However, the programme was not a success. A new initiative under the same name i.e. the New Land Use Policy was initiated in 2009 and which continues till today. A survey conducted by Consultative Committee for New Land Use Policy (CCN) in 2015 believes that New Land Use Policy greatly reduced the numbers of families engaged in jhum cultivation. This paper highlights as to how far New Land Use Policy has succeeded in containing the practice of shifting cultivation in Mizoram.

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Sujan, MHK, AK Ghosh, M. Sultana, F. Islam, and FT Sadia. "Economics of shifting land from field crops to hog plum (Spondias mombin L.) cultivation in southern Bangladesh." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 10, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v10i2.51589.

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The study was carried out to analyse the economics of shifting land from field crops to hog plum cultivation in southern Bangladesh during July to September 2018. A total of 120 farmers were selected by using multistage stratified random sampling technique to collect primary data. Result of the study shows that the per hectare average total cost of hog plum cultivation was Tk. 94,126. The average yield of hog plum was 7.97 t ha-1. Net return from hog plum cultivation was Tk. 126,921 per hectare. By cultivating hog plum, farmers obtained 56 to 93% higher net return than the other existing cropping patterns. Since the BCR (2.94), NPV (Tk. 2215,000) and IRR (59%) were very high, the land shifting decision towards hog plum cultivation was sensible. However, BCR was very low in the initial stages of hog plum plantation. Initial investment support from public or private sector could facilitate the growth of this cultivation practice. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(2): 155-163, December 2020

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Pareek, Kratee, Kumkum S A, Navyashree D S, Neha C, and R. Kasturi Rangan. "A Diagnostic Survey on Methods Used to Predict Land Used for Shifting Cultivation Using Satellite Images." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 2939–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41870.

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Abstract: Shifting cultivation and its practice are said to be pernicious and eco-hostile from the standpoint of dependence of tribal people on forest-clad hill slopes. In this farming, the soil bone diseases are also reduced significantly. This is an example of subsistence, extensive, and arable farming. In the rainforest, it is one of the traditional forms of agriculture. The Amazonian Indians mostly do this farming in South America. They use the land for 2 to 3 years before moving to another area. There is a huge part of land which is used for Shifting cultivation for several years. Because of its spread, growing loss of potential green cover and related imbalance in eco-habitat, the Forest Policy, 1952 and the National Commission on Agriculture, 1976 suggested that shifting cultivation be banned, providing the tribal practitioner alternative systems of livelihood support. In this paper we are going to look at different methods and algorithms used to build AI models to predict Land used for Shifting Cultivation. Keywords: Shifting Cultivation, Remote Sensing, LULC, Image Processing, Neural Networks.

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Adijaya, Sarlan. "Today's Shifting Cultivation and its Impact on Forest and Environmental Damage in Routa, Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 10, no. 5 (May 25, 2024): 2612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i5.7087.

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This article is intended to explore and analyze some of the impacts of shifting cultivation to the forest environmental degradation in Routa today. This study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research approaches, especially with the rational equation methods where the results of statistical calculations are then culturally interpreted. The results of this study indicate that current shifting cultivation has contributed greatly to the increasing damage to the forest environment and decreased hydro-urologic functions of forests in Routa as well as other ecological functions, including conversion of primary and secondary forest land to shifting cultivation areas, restoration of areas ex-shifting cultivation that are ongoing slower than usual, increased surface water flow, increased erosion, and sedimentation, increased local air temperature and decreased humidity and the potential for large carbon losses.

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Sati, Vishwambhar Prasad. "Reconciling the Issues of Shifting and Permanent Cultivation: An Empirical Study of Mizoram, Eastern Extension of Himalaya, India." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 37, no. 1 (March 12, 2022): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v37i1.59407.

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Mizoram is an underdeveloped state where agriculture, dominated by shifting cultivation is the main occupation and a source of income for nearly half of the population. Therefore, this study aimed to examine ‘whether the shifting cultivation is economically viable, or whether permanent cultivation instead has the potential to boost up income and economy of the rural farming community in Mizoram’. To address these questions, a household-level survey was conducted in 2018 based on a case study of 16 villages, comprising two each from eight districts. A purposive random sampling method was applied to select households and a structured questionnaire was developed with questions pertaining to various aspects of shifting and permanent cultivation. Mizoram only has approximately 5% of arable land, of which shifting cultivation accounts for more than 50%. In the past, the output from shifting cultivation was able to feed the farming communities called <em>Jhumias</em> but the area, production and productivity of the crops have recently decreased considerably. This is primarily accountable for the increasing food needs and decreasing crop production, as well as climate variability, land ownership rights and lifestyle change. Meanwhile, the production and productivity of crops grown using permanent cultivation are comparatively higher. It is then suggested that land rights for <em>Jhumias</em> need to be protected for permanent cultivation. The addition of value by commercializing crops will enhance income and effectively boost the economy.

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Shiel, Robert S. "Debating Shifting Cultivation in the Eastern Himalayas." Mountain Research and Development 27, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/mrd.mm017a.

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KOMEIE, Taisaku. "Colonial Environmentalism and Shifting Cultivation in Korea." Geographical Review of Japan 79, no. 12 (2006): 664–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4157/grj.79.12_664.

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Reimeingam, Marchang. "Shifting Cultivation in Manipur:Land, Labour and Environment." Journal of Rural Development 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2017/v36/i1/112705.

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Ickowitz, Amy. "Shifting cultivation and forest pressure in Cameroon." Agricultural Economics 42, no. 2 (October 29, 2010): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2010.00507.x.

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McGrath, David G. "The role of biomass in shifting cultivation." Human Ecology 15, no. 2 (June 1987): 221–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00888381.

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NAMGYEL, UGYEN, STEPHEN F. SIEBERT, and SONAM WANG. "Shifting Cultivation and Biodiversity Conservation in Bhutan." Conservation Biology 22, no. 5 (October 2008): 1349–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01019.x.

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Lianzela. "Effects of shifting cultivation on the environment." International Journal of Social Economics 24, no. 7/8/9 (July 1997): 785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068299710178847.

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Rösch, Manfred, Otto Ehrmann, Ludger Herrmann, Erhard Schulz, Arno Bogenrieder, Johann Peter Goldammer, Matthias Hall, Hans Page, and Wolfram Schier. "An experimental approach to Neolithic shifting cultivation." Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 11, no. 1-2 (June 2002): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003340200016.

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Matinahoru, Johan Markus. "PENGENDALIAN PERLADANGAN BERPINDAH DENGAN AGROFORESTRI BERBASIS TANAMAN DAMAR DI DESA IMABATAI KECAMATAN INAMOSOL KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT." MAANU: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (June 9, 2024): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/maanuv2i1p71-76.

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Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system that is widely practiced by farmers because it does not require much capital for its activities. However, the impact of shifting cultivation activities is quite large, especially on forest destruction. To control the impact of shifting cultivation practices is to introduce the agroforestry model to farmers. Agroforestry is a farming model that combines agricultural crops and forestry crops. The aim of the activity is to provide insight and understanding to farmers/cultivators who practice shifting cultivation so that they can reduce shifting cultivation activities. A total of 20 representatives from 20 families or 25% of the total number of families in Imabatai village were involved in intensive activities. This activity also involved female representatives, namely 10 people representing 10 families, while 10 men were involved representing 10 families. Participants really responded to this training, because it was something new for farmers. So far, participants have focused more on agricultural systems that rely more on business patterns that only focus on agricultural crops. Apart from that, the aspect of understanding the training material was very good, because 85% of participants were able to answer the evaluation questions well. The future hope is that participants can immediately try to practice agroforestry or dusung because it is very promising to increase farmers' income in the future when harvest time comes. Apart from that, agroforestry practices can reduce the impact of shifting cultivation which leads to the formation of critical land.

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Chakma, AS, and BS Nahar. "Jhum Cultivation Influence the Degradation of Hilly Environment." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 5, no. 2 (April 30, 2013): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14840.

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This study was designed to identify the status of shifting (jhum) cultivation and its impact on environment in Rangamati district. A total 55 jhum cultivators were selected on the basis of purposive sampling technique from 5 upazillas of Rangamati district. Data were collected during the period October to December, 2009. The researcher collected information himself using direct and open questionnaire. The study revealed that most of the jhum cultivators were middle age (30-50 years), with illiterate (47.27%) and main occupation possessing jhum cultivation. The present status of agricultural land (hill/slope) of jhumia family in the studied area, about 60% of the respondents have only 1-2 acres of land for jhum cultivation and 25% of the respondents have 2.1-3 acres of land. The use of agro-chemical remains limited in the CHT. This is mainly because of financial constraints, lack of market access, and low requirement of chemical for traditional jhum cultivation. The maximum percentage of irrigation (74.55%) was mainly depended on rainfed in jhum cultivation. On the other hand about 45.55% respondents were responded that their income status were medium through shifting cultivation, 30.90% were responded high. Similarly in the study area it was found that a majority (45.45%) portion of respondents were responded that labour utilization in shifting cultivation was medium. This study also found that the environment was degraded gradually day by day. The maximum respondents (94.55%) had given opinion that deforestation was the major environmental problem created by shifting cultivation, 74.55% respondents had given opinion that shifting cultivation accelerated loss of top soil and 60.00% respondents had given opinion that lost of wild animals was occurring due to shifting cultivation. Biodiversity also degraded mostly. Excluding shifting cultivation there were many reasons of environmental degradation in the study area. Population growth is considered by 90% of the respondents as a major factor causing severe degradation of environment. Indiscriminate forest fire was responsible for environmental degradation. In addition cutting of hill, collection of soil, and extraction of stone, river erosion and land slide as responsible for degradation of environment. The study recommended that new methods must be developed, applied, and tested for sustainable management of jhum cultivation and environmental protection.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14840 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 339-344 2012

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Lalthakimi, C., Mamta Joshi, Ng Polbina Monsang, Ngangbam Somen Singh, David C. Vanlalfakawma, Keshav Kumar Upadhyay, and Shri Kant Tripathi. "Ecological analysis of climate change on soil characteristics under shifting cultivation practice in tropical moist regions." Environment and Ecology 41, no. 4B (November 2023): 2701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.60151/envec/ihxw4077.

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This study delves into the multifaceted impact of climate change on soils subjected to shifting cultivation practices. Our findings reveal a complex interplay of both beneficial and adverse effects on the physical, chemical, and biological attributes of soils. Moreover, climate change exacerbates these detrimental impacts by inducing significant alterations in soil characteristics. Specifically, our study underscores that shifting cultivation practices, particularly those employing short fallow cycles, can pose a considerable threat to soil health when subjected to changing climatic conditions. In such scenarios, shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns have the potential to magnify the adverse consequences of shifting cultivation on soils, ultimately outweighing any positive influences. This study highlights the critical need for sustainable land management strategies, especially in the face of climate change, to preserve and enhance soil health and resilience in shifting cultivation regions.

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Choudhury, Dhrupad, and R. C. Sundriyal. "Factors Contributing to the Marginalization of Shifting Cultivation in North-East India: Micro-Scale Issues." Outlook on Agriculture 32, no. 1 (March 2003): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000003101294226.

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Shifting cultivation, locally known as jhum, is the predominant agricultural practice for most communities inhabiting the uplands of north-east India. The negative impacts of the practice on forest and biological resources, soil erosion and land degradation have been a serious concern for several decades now to administrators and planners as well as to the academic community. In the current context, the practice has undergone drastic changes and has become increasingly unviable, gradually leading to the marginalization of farmers practising it. Although shifting cultivation in this area has been the focus of intensive studies, particularly in terms of the underlying ecological dynamics, few have attempted to analyse the factors contributing to the marginalization of the practice. This paper examines micro-scale issues that contribute to reducing productivity (and hence marginalization), and which are of immediate concern to the shifting cultivator. The paper focuses on fundamental issues influencing the reduction in fallow cycle lengths, the impact of rural–urban migration on labour requirements for agriculture, the consequences of inadequate employment and cash generation facilities on labour availability and crop productivity, as well as government efforts to promote agricultural productivity in these areas. The main focus of the paper is on the impact of each of these factors and their synergystic effect on the marginalization of shifting cultivation.

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Yuminarti, Umi, Riyanti Isaskar, Agatha Wahyu Widati, and Fahriyah. "Shifting cultivation management to increase economic efficiency in potato farms." Economic Annals-ХХI 194, no. 11-12 (December 27, 2021): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v194-09.

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Farming shifting is one of the cultivation strategies to find the ideal environment. Shifting agriculture is caused by limited knowledge of farmers on environmental conditions for growing plants. This study aims to describe the input variables and shifting cultivation management on the efficiency of potato farming. The research method used is descriptive statistics. The study involved 51 potato farmers in Minyeimemut and Arion villages of Hingk sub-district, Manokwari District, West Papua, Indonesia. Potato commodities cultivated by Arfak farmers are still using a shifting cultivation system. Analysis of the data by quantitative descriptive method with the help of Frontier 4.1 software and the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) approach to reduce the stochastic frontier cost function. The results showed that the average potato production was 296.08 Kg/Season. The average area of land cultivated by farmers is 0.15 Ha, the average use of seeds is 44.41 kg, and the average workforce is 33.08 Working Days (HOK). The cultivation activities of potato farmers show 4.33 years of shifting. Economic efficiency shows potato farming of 0.08548 which means it has a fairly economical category.

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Ribeiro Filho, Alexandre Antunes, Cristina Adams, and Rui Sergio Sereni Murrieta. "The impacts of shifting cultivation on tropical forest soil: a review." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 8, no. 3 (December 2013): 693–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1981-81222013000300013.

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The sustainability of shifting cultivation is presently a topic of debate in scientific and institutional communities; however, there is no current consensus. To address this debate, we performed a search of the pertinent literature that was published during the last 30 years on the impact of shifting agriculture on tropical soils. This search revealed that the nature of the impact depends on the shifting cultivation system (SCS) phase (conversion, cultivation, or fallow) and on the soil properties (physical, chemical, and biological). We also suggest soil quality indicators for evaluating this agricultural practice in tropical forests, which may be used as a basis for analyses on the tendencies of conservation and degradation of impacted soils. Future research should improve the choices of these indicators, relying mostly on practical criteria, so they can be used by shifting cultivators.

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McElwee, Pamela. "Shifting policies for shifting cultivation: A history of anti-swidden interventions in Vietnam." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 53, no. 1-2 (June 2022): 153–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463422000194.

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Swidden cultivation has long been seen as incompatible with state goals for development, modernisation and environmental protection in Vietnam. This article provides a history of anti-swidden programmes since the French colonial period: how targets were selected, how different justifications were used, how interventions were implemented, and what the impacts were. Shifts occurred over time in targets, tools, and techniques, due to leeway available to local officials and resistance of target populations, but which also prolonged overall anti-swidden campaigns by providing opportunities for continual reinvention. Shifting justifications have allowed for new funding and approaches over time, while remaining rooted in misunderstandings and cultural chauvinism.

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Khandoker, S., MA Monayem Miah, MA Rashid, M. Khatun, and ND Kundu. "Comparative profitability analysis of shifting land from field crops to mango cultivation in selected areas of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 1 (March 29, 2017): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v42i1.31986.

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Mango has emerged as an important area for diversification and as an alternative cropping pattern due to higher returns and productivity. The study was conducted in three mango growing districts, namely Chapai Nawabganj, Natore, and Rajshahi during 2014-2015 to estimate the financial benefit of shifting cereal lands to mango production, factors influencing shifting decision, and explore related problems of mango cultivation in the study areas. A total of 180 farmers taking 60 farmers from each district were selected through using multistage stratified random sampling for the study. About 49% lands were shifted to mango cultivation from cereal crops which was higher in Chapai Nawabganj (55%) followed by Natore (48%) district. The main reason of this shifting was reported to be higher profit compared to other crops. The average total cost of mango cultivation was Tk. 1, 33,889 per hectare. Higher cost was observed in the 16th-20th year of garden (Tk. 1, 52,010) followed by 11th -15th year (Tk. 1, 48,952). The average yield of mango was found to be the highest in 16th 20th year (26.48 ton/ha) followed by 11-16th year (19.38 ton/ha). Per hectare net return from mango cultivation was Tk. 1, 75,244. Total cost of mango cultivation was 10% higher than Boro-Fallow-T.Aman cultivation. On the other hand, total cost was about 40% lower than Wheat- Jute- T.Aman, Wheat-Aus-T.Aman and Potato-Fallow-T.Aman. The net return from mango cultivation was 75% higher than other cropping patterns. The shifting of cereal lands to mango cultivation was found to be a profitable since the BCR (2.89), net present value (Tk. 33, 71,166) and internal rate of return (39%) were very high. Relative income, farm size and education turned out to be positively significant, whereas age was negatively significant for shifting decision from cereal crops to mango cultivation. Therefore, Farmers should be motivated to cultivate mango in the fallow lands or areas where other crops are not grown well.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(1): 137-158, March 2017

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Barik, S. K., R. S. Tripathi, S. D. Prabhu, and H. N. Pandey. "Vegetation Change During Recovery of Shifting Cultivation (Jhum) Fallows in a Subtropical Evergreen Forest Ecosystem of North- Eastern India." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 1, no. 01 (August 31, 2015): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v1i1.7111.

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An understanding of vegetation change on jhum fallows undergoing recovery following shifting cultivation is vital for developing a rehabilitation strategy for shifting cultivation areas. However, the pattern of vegetation change during the recovery of shifting cultivation fallows is not well-studied. Therefore, the present study was carried out in a subtropical forest ecosystem in the buffer zone of Nokrek Biosphere Reserve in north-eastern India where shifting cultivation is being practiced extensively. The species composition and other plant community attributes were studied in 1-year, 3-year, 6-year and 12-year old shifting cultivation (jhum) fallows and were compared with an undisturbed forest in the adjoining core zone of the Biosphere Reserve. The rate of recovery of various community attributes such as species dominance and diversity, tree species population structure, stratification and life form spectrum was, in general, slow. The young fallows exhibited high dominance and low equitably which slowly progressed towards high equitability as recovery progressed with increasing age of the fallows. The number of species recorded in the 12th year of fallow represented about 86% of the total species in the undisturbed forest. Other community attributes of the forest regrowth on the 12-year old fallow reached up to 70-80% of the values recorded in the undisturbed forest community indicating that there was good recovery of species richness and other community attributes on the 12-year old fallows if there was no disturbance.

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Rösler, Michael. "Shifting cultivation in the Ituri Forest [Haut-Zaïre]." Civilisations, no. 44 (January 1, 1997): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/civilisations.1608.

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Alam, M. K., and M. Mohiuddin. "SHIFTING CULTIVATION (JHUM) AGROBIODIVERSITY AT STAKE: BANGLADESH SITUATION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 806 (January 2009): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.806.88.

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Morton, Oscar, Joli R. Borah, and David P. Edwards. "Economically viable forest restoration in shifting cultivation landscapes." Environmental Research Letters 15, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 064017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab7f0d.

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Albers, H. J., and M. J. Goldbach. "Irreversible ecosystem change, species competition, and shifting cultivation." Resource and Energy Economics 22, no. 3 (July 2000): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-7655(00)00034-8.

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Raintree, J. B., and K. Warner. "Agroforestry pathways for the intensification of shifting cultivation." Agroforestry Systems 4, no. 1 (March 1986): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01834701.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Shifting cultivation'

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