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Journal articles on the topic 'Shigella flexneri antimicrobial susceptibility'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Sivapalasingam, Sumathi, Jennifer M. Nelson, Kevin Joyce, Mike Hoekstra, Frederick J. Angulo, and Eric D. Mintz. "High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance among Shigella Isolates in the United States Tested by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System from 1999 to 2002." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 1 (2006): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.50.1.49-54.2006.

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ABSTRACT Shigella spp. infect approximately 450,000 persons annually in the United States, resulting in over 6,000 hospitalizations. Since 1999, the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) for Enteric Bacteria has tested every 10th Shigella isolate from 16 state or local public health laboratories for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents. From 1999 to 2002, NARMS tested 1,604 isolates. Among 1,598 isolates identified to species level, 1,278 (80%) were Shigella sonnei, 295 (18%) were Shigella flexneri, 18 (1%) were Shigella boydii, and 7 (0.4%) were Shigella dysenteriae

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Madhavan, Anitha, Sobha Balakrishnan, and Jayalakshmi Vasudevapanicker. "Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Shigella isolates in a tertiary healthcare center." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 10, no. 02 (2018): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jlp.jlp_93_17.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Shigellosis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. To the best of our knowledge, there is no published data in the study area on the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and prevalence of Shigella species among diarrheagenic cases. Therefore, a retrospective analysis was done to find the Shigella serotypes, common age group affected, and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Shigella isolates in South Kerala METHODS: Stool samples collected from cases of dysentery and diarrhea from January 2011 to Decem

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Ermakov, Vladimir, and Nikolai Titov. "Persistence factors and antibiotic susceptibility of enterobacteria isolated from various animal species." BIO Web of Conferences 52 (2022): 00005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20225200005.

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During the study, we isolated 575 strains of enterobacteria from various animal species belonging to the genus Escherichia, Shigella, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Proteus, Providencia, Hafnia, Morganella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia, Erwinia, Kluyvera, Yersinia. In farm animals, the amount of transient pathogenic enterobacteria Salmonella enteritidis and Yersinia enterocolitica did not exceed 0.22-0.12%. Among wild animals, the proportion of pathogenic Salmonella enteritidis and Yersinia enterocolitica did not exceed 0.24-0.11%, while Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri were isolated

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HAUKKA, K., and A. SIITONEN. "Emerging resistance to newer antimicrobial agents among Shigella isolated from Finnish foreign travellers." Epidemiology and Infection 136, no. 4 (2007): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268807008862.

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SUMMARYIn Finland, most cases of shigellosis are related to travel abroad. Antimicrobial drug resistance of 1814 Shigella strains isolated from Finnish patients during 1990–2005 was studied using discs of 12 antimicrobial agents. Since 2000, the E-test has been performed to determine ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentrations of nalidixic acid-resistant isolates. The proportion of multi-resistant strains (resistant to ⩾4 antimicrobials) was highest among isolates from China and India, but is increasing significantly in other parts of Asia. Resistance to nalidixic acid has become common am

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Nógrády, Noémi, Margit Király, Klára Borbás, Ákos Tóth, Judit Pászti, and István Tóth. "Antimicrobial resistance and genetic characteristics of integron-carrier shigellae isolated in Hungary (1998–2008)." Journal of Medical Microbiology 62, no. 10 (2013): 1545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.058917-0.

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Antimicrobial susceptibility, integron carriage, genetic relationship and presence of some important virulence genes of the integron-carrier strains of Shigella sonnei (n = 230) and Shigella flexneri (n = 22) isolated from stool samples of patients in Hungary between 1998 and 2008 were investigated. Sixty-seven per cent (168/252) of the strains were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SxT) followed by streptomycin (S, 47 %), ampicillin (A, 32 %) and tetracycline (Tc, 28 %). Thirty-six per cent (90/252) exhibited multidrug resistance, mostly showing SSxTTc or ASSxTc, ASSxTTc resistance

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Navia, Margarita M., Liliana Capitano, Joaquin Ruiz, et al. "Typing and Characterization of Mechanisms of Resistance ofShigella spp. Isolated from Feces of Children under 5 Years of Age from Ifakara, Tanzania." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 10 (1999): 3113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.10.3113-3117.1999.

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Eighty-six strains of Shigella spp. were isolated during the dry season from stool samples of children under 5 years of age in Ifakara, Tanzania. The epidemiological relationship as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and co-trimoxazole were investigated. Four different epidemiological tools, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR, plasmid analysis, and antibiogram, were compared for typing Shigella strains. Seventy-eight (90%) strains were Shigella flexneri and were distributed into

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Ingle, Danielle J., Marion Easton, Mary Valcanis, et al. "Co-circulation of Multidrug-resistant Shigella Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Australia." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, no. 9 (2019): 1535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz005.

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Abstract Background In urban Australia, the burden of shigellosis is either in returning travelers from shigellosis-endemic regions or in men who have sex with men (MSM). Here, we combine genomic data with comprehensive epidemiological data on sexual exposure and travel to describe the spread of multidrug-resistant Shigella lineages. Methods A population-level study of all cultured Shigella isolates in the state of Victoria, Australia, was undertaken from 1 January 2016 through 31 March 2018. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatic analyses of 545 Shige

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Mandomando, Inácio, Dinis Jaintilal, Maria J. Pons, et al. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Mechanisms of Resistance in Shigella and Salmonella Isolates from Children under Five Years of Age with Diarrhea in Rural Mozambique." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 6 (2009): 2450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01282-08.

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ABSTRACT The antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance of 109 Shigella and 40 Salmonella isolates from children with diarrhea in southern Mozambique were assessed. The susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents was tested by disk diffusion, and mechanisms of resistance were searched by PCR or colorimetric method. A high proportion of Shigella isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol (Chl) (52%), ampicillin (Amp) (56%), tetracycline (Tet) (66%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Sxt) (84%). Sixty-five percent of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Shigella flexneri isola

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Ahmed, Ashraf M., Kimi Furuta, Kei Shimomura, Yoshio Kasama, and Tadashi Shimamoto. "Genetic characterization of multidrug resistance in Shigella spp. from Japan." Journal of Medical Microbiology 55, no. 12 (2006): 1685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46725-0.

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This study characterized the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance of a number of Shigella spp. isolated from humans from 2000 to 2004 in Hiroshima prefecture, Japan. A total of 26 isolates of Shigella spp. were included in this study. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed high levels of resistance, especially to ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. PCR and DNA sequencing were used for screening and characterization of antibiotic-resistance determinants. PCR sequencing analysis revealed the presence of only one type of class 1 integr

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ZHANG, H., F. PAN, X. ZHAO, et al. "Distribution and antimicrobial resistance of enteric pathogens in Chinese paediatric diarrhoea: a multicentre retrospective study, 2008–2013." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 12 (2015): 2512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814003756.

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SUMMARYThe enteric pathogens causing diarrhoea impair children's health severely. This study retrospectively analysed 1577 pathogens isolated from inpatients and outpatients in six hospitals located in Northern (Inner Mongolia), Northeastern (Hebei), Eastern (Shanghai and Jiangsu), Southern (Hainan) and Central (Hubei) China between 2008 and 2013. Of the 1577 enteric pathogens, Salmonella presented with the highest frequency (36·0%), followed by diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (23·7%), Staphylococcus aureus (15·0%), Shigella (13·1%), and Aeromonas (4·6%). The predominant pathogens varied in di

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Parisot, M., N. Parez, R. Boukhari, S. Breurec, and A. Jolivet. "Shigella infection in children under 5 years old in western French Guiana." Epidemiology and Infection 146, no. 8 (2018): 980–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268818000912.

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AbstractFrench Guiana, a tropical country, is characterised by a young and multi-ethnic population. Difficulties in accessing safe water sources lead to outbreaks of gastroenteritis. The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the microbiological profile of shigella strains isolated in western French Guiana, including antimicrobial susceptibility and the distribution of strains in terms of species and serotypes and (2) to estimate the incidence of shigellosis in children under 5 years old. A retrospective observational study was conducted of 213 cases of shigellosis diagnosed in the biol

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Hamid, Ibrahim Siddig, and Ikram Mohamed Eltayeb. "IN VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ISOLATED SHIGELLA FLEXNERI AND SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE TO THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF TRACHYSPERMUM AMMI AND PEGANUM HARMALA." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 1 (2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i1.29411.

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Objective: This study represents the first attempt to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Peganum harmala, and Trachyspermum ammi seeds extract against the isolated bacillary dysentery-causing microorganisms.Methods: T. ammi and P. harmala were extracted by 96% ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were screened for their phytochemical constituents. Their antimicrobial activity against the isolated dysentery-causing microorganisms was evaluated using the agar diffusion method.Results: The antimicrobial activity result showed that, the two isolated bacteria, Shigella flexneri, and

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Ülküseven, Bahri, Aydin Tavman, and Gülten Ötük. "Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of d8-10 Metal Complexes of some 2-Substituted-1H-Benzimidazoles." Metal-Based Drugs 6, no. 3 (1999): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mbd.1999.163.

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The metal complexes of nine 2-substituted-1H-benzimidazoles (I-IX) with Ni(II), Pd(II), Cu(II), Ag(I), Zn(II) salts were synthesized. The compounds were characterized by melting point, analytical data, IR spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds was determined by the disk diffusion method in Mueller-Hinton Agar on Staphylococcus aureusATCC 6538, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 1539, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, Proteus mirabilis, Candida albicans

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Nundwe, Mike, Joseph Yamweka Chizimu, John Mwaba, et al. "Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Serological Diversity of Shigella Species from Patient Isolates at University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia." Bacteria 4, no. 2 (2025): 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/bacteria4020018.

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Background: Shigella species are the leading cause of human shigellosis. In Zambia, more than 30% of children experiencing diarrhea are infected with Shigella species. The increasing resistance of Shigella species to the recommended therapy is of great concern. Therefore, this study investigated the antibiotic resistance profiles and phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Shigella isolates at the largest referral hospital in Zambia. Methodology: Of the forty-eight archived presumptive Shigella isolates, thirty-two were serologically confirmed and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility

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KO, C. F., L. Y. WANG, N. T. LIN, et al. "Transmission and strain variation of Shigella flexneri 4a after mass prophylaxis in a long-stay psychiatric centre." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 2 (2012): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812000209.

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SUMMARYShigella flexneri 4a caused sustained outbreaks in a large long-stay psychiatric centre, Taiwan, 2001–2006. Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (SXT) prophylaxis was administered in 2004. We recovered 108 S. flexneri 4a isolates from 83 symptomatic (including one caregiver) and 12 asymptomatic subjects (11 contacts, one caregiver). The isolates were classified into eight antibiogram types and 15 genotypes (six clusters) by using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of NotI-digested DNA, respectively. These characteristics altered significantly after SXT p

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Parajuli, Pawan, Bui Quang Minh, and Naresh K. Verma. "Newly Emerged Serotype 1c of Shigella flexneri: Multiple Origins and Changing Drug Resistance Landscape." Genes 11, no. 9 (2020): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11091042.

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Bacillary dysentery caused by Shigella flexneri is a major cause of under-five mortality in developing countries, where a novel S. flexneri serotype 1c has become very common since the 1980s. However, the origin and diversification of serotype 1c remain poorly understood. To understand the evolution of serotype 1c and their antimicrobial resistance, we sequenced and analyzed the whole-genome of 85 clinical isolates from the United Kingdom, Egypt, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Japan belonging to serotype 1c and related serotypes of 1a, 1b and Y/Yv. We identified up to three distinct O-antigen modify

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Harnett, N. "High level resistance to trimethoprim, cotrimoxazole and other antimicrobial agents among clinical isolates of Shigella species in Ontario, Canada – an update." Epidemiology and Infection 109, no. 3 (1992): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800050457.

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SUMMARYA total of 598 isolates of Shigella species (24 S. dysenteriae, 254 S. flexneri, 30 S. boydii, 290 S. sonnei) submitted to the Ontario Public Health Laboratories in 1990 were tested for their susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents by the agar dilution method. Overall 79·6% of isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents and 52·0% were resistant to four or more. Trimethoprim resistance ranged from 26·7% among isolates of S. boydii to 39·4% among S. flexneri strains. The majority of the 224 TMP resistant isolates (88·8%) demonstrated high level resistance (MIC > 1000

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R.K., Shrooq, Kifah A.J., Ramina M., Huda K. та Ziad A. "Determination of Mininmum Inhibitary Concentrationof Ciprofloxcin Amoung β-Lactamaste Producing Isolates". Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, № 1 (2012): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v11i1.244.

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Out of 200 clinical samples (blood ,pus,stool,urine,wound and vaginal swabs) were collected from Baghdad hospitals during June2009-January 2010,96 Gram negative and positive bacterial isolates were identified by bacteriological and biochemical tests. Escherichia coli was the dominant bacteria (27.08%), followed by Salmonella typhi (12.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.4%), Proteus vulgaris (9.3%), and Staphylococcus aureus (8.3%).Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done against ciprofloxacin disk (5μg) by disk diffusion method and the resistant isolates were 22 (23%);distributed into Escherichi

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Liu, Jie, Paul F. Garcia Bardales, Kamrul Islam, et al. "Shigella Detection and Molecular Serotyping With a Customized TaqMan Array Card in the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH): Shigella Surveillance Study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 11, Supplement_1 (2024): S34—S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad574.

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Abstract Background Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting ipaH has been proven to be highly efficient in detecting Shigella in clinical samples compared to culture-based methods, which underestimate Shigella burden by 2- to 3-fold. qPCR assays have also been developed for Shigella speciation and serotyping, which is critical for both vaccine development and evaluation. Methods The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study will utilize a customized real-time PCR–based TaqMan Array Card (TAC) interrogating 82 targets, for the detection and differentiation of

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Ali Nor, Bilan Sheikh, Nelson Chengo Menza, and Abednego Moki Musyoki. "Multidrug-Resistant Shigellosis among Children Aged below Five Years with Diarrhea at Banadir Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2021 (June 8, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6630272.

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Globally, shigellosis remains the second leading cause of diarrhea-associated deaths among children under five years of age, and the infections are disproportionately higher in resource-limited settings due to overcrowding, poor sanitation, and inadequate safe drinking water. The emergence and global spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Shigella are exacerbating the shigellosis burden. We adopted a cross-sectional study design to determine the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility (AST) patterns of Shigella serogroups among children aged below five years presenting with diarrhea at Bana

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Abd Al-Rahman, Thanaa R., Sabah A. Belal та Kifah A. Jasim. "Molecular characterization of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Shigella species isolated from patients with bacillary dysentery in Iraq". Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 55, № 3 (2013): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.553624.

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Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), including cefotaximases (CTX-M), mediate resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins and significantly compromise the treatment tools for Shigellosis. Objective: To determine the ESBLs production by Shigella spp. and its role in the resistance to third generation cephalosporins and to determine the occurrence of plasmid- borne blaCTX genes in ESBLS Shigella isolates by Multiplex PCR. Methods: Susceptibility of 59 clinical Shigella isolates was tested by disk diffusion method to six antimicrobial agents. Presence of ESBLs was es

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Diriba, Kuma, Ephrem Awulachew, and Zemach Ashuro. "Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Salmonella, Shigella, and Intestinal Parasites and Associated Factor among Food Handlers in Dilla University Student Cafeteria, Dilla, Ethiopia." International Journal of Microbiology 2020 (May 27, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3150539.

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Background. Food-borne disease is mostly caused by unsafe food handling and processing as well as poor hygienic practice. Recently, it is a worldwide and local burden to the human health. It is estimated that about one-third of the world population is affected by food-borne diseases annually and become a global public health problem. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated risk factors of Shigella, Salmonella, and intestinal parasites among food handlers in Dilla University, Southern Ethiopia. Methods. An institutional-based cr

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DUTTA, S., K. RAJENDRAN, S. ROY, et al. "Shifting serotypes, plasmid profile analysis and antimicrobial resistance pattern of shigellae strains isolated from Kolkata, India during 1995–2000." Epidemiology and Infection 129, no. 2 (2002): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268802007240.

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One hundred and sixty-six shigellae strains, isolated from stool samples of paediatric patients (<5 years old) at a Childrens' Hospital in Kolkata, India during the period of 1995–2000 were examined for serotyping, drug resistance pattern and plasmid profiles. Sh. flexneri (58%) was found to be commonest isolate of total shigellae, followed by Sh. sonnei (28%), Sh. boydii (9%) and Sh. dysenteriae (5%). This profile of species was in sharp contrast to the picture obtained before 1995, when Sh. dysenteriae 1 predominated over Sh. flexneri. In Sh. flexneri strains, Sh. flexneri 2a (35%) was th

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Friedman, Cindy, Ian Plumb, Jared Reynolds, et al. "LB11. Rapid Rise in Decreased Susceptibility to Azithromycin among Shigella Isolates in the United States: A Look at National Surveillance Data, 2011–2017." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (2018): S763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy229.2185.

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Abstract Background Shigella spp. cause ~500,000 illnesses in the United States annually. Antibiotics are recommended for immunocompromised patients and shorten the duration of illness, thus limiting spread. First-line treatments include ciprofloxacin (CIP) and azithromycin (AZM). CIP resistance is a growing problem in the United States; decreased susceptibility to AZM (DSA) has been reported globally, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). We reviewed National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) data to determine DSA trends among Shigella isolates in the United Sta

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Vásquez-García, Andrea, Thaysa dos Santos Silva, Sabrina R. de Almeida-Queiroz, et al. "Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria causing subclinical mastitis in buffalo." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37, no. 5 (2017): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017000500004.

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ABSTRACT: Microorganisms causing subclinical mastitis in water buffalo were isolated from 20 buffalo milk samples at four dairy farms located in central region of São Paulo State, Brazil, through testing of somatic cell count (SCC), standard plate count (SPC), biochemical, PCR assays and antimicrobial profile. The SCC showed average of 721,000 cells/mL in the milk, indicating the presence of subclinical mastitis. The overall average for SPC was 1.8 x 104 CFU/mL. The microorganism most frequently isolation according to biochemical tests were: Staphylococcus epidermidis (17%), Staphylococcus aur

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Dissasa, Guta, Brook Lemma, and Hassen Mamo. "Antimicrobial resistance profile of bacterial pathogens isolated from naturally infected fish in some lakes of Ethiopia." SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science 46, no. 1 (2023): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v46i1.4.

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Small scale fisheries play important role in providing food and livelihoods for households in Ethiopia. However, prevalence of bacterial fish infection and their antimicrobial resistance are increasing over the world accounting for the major limitations in fish productionas well asits consumption. A cross sectional study was carried out to identify bacterial pathogens isolated from naturally infectedNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 20 were common carp (Cyprinus carpio)fish showing clinical signs of disease particularly hemorrhage and skin ulceration and to determine the antibiotic susc

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Wambe, Henri, Paul Aimé Noubissi, Michel Archange Fokam Tagne, et al. "Anti-Shigellosis Activity of Cola anomala Water/Ethanol Pods Extract on Shigella flexneri-Induced Diarrhea in Rats." BioMed Research International 2019 (November 11, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6706230.

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This study was undertaken to evaluate the activities of water/ethanol Cola anomala pods extract. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method; the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by agar dilution technique. In vivo, shigellosis was induced in healthy Wistar albino rats by oral administration of Shigella flexneri inoculum, 12 × 108 CFU/mL. At the onset of diarrhea, infected and normal control animals were subdivided into various groups treated with distilled water, with water/ethanol Cola anomala pods e

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Ajibulu, K. E., A. E. Okoronkwo, J. B. Owolabi, V. O. Oyetayo, E. O. Adeyemi, and B. T. Pii. "Metal Complexes of Schiff Base Derived from Ethylenediamine, Nitro and Chlorobenzaldehyde; Synthesis, Characterization, Biological and Toxicological Study." Applied Sciences Research Periodicals 3, no. 01 (2025): 50–60. https://doi.org/10.63002/asrp.301.786.

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Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and toxicology study of nikel(II), cobalt(II) and manganese (II) complexes with N, N-bidentate ligand derived from 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 3-chlorobenzaldehyde and ethylenediamine are reported. The synthesized compounds, ligand(L): [C16H13ClN3O2] and metal complexes : [NiL(H2O)2]SO4.3H2O, [Co(L)2Cl(H2O)] Cl.4H2O and [Mn(L)2SO4(H2O)] were characterized by FTIR, G.C-Ms, UV-Vis, (1H, 13C) NMR Spectra, elemental analysis, molar conductivity, and susceptibility measurement. The results of spectroscopic studies revealed that Schiff base ligand coordinated with

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Perovic, Olga, Ali A. Yahaya, Crystal Viljoen, et al. "External Quality Assessment of Bacterial Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing in African National Public Health Laboratories, 2011–2016." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 4, no. 4 (2019): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4040144.

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Background: In 2002, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched a regional microbiology external quality assessment (EQA) programme for national public health laboratories in the African region, initially targeting priority epidemic-prone bacterial diseases, and later including other common bacterial pathogens. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy of an EQA programme as a laboratory quality system evaluation tool. Methods: We analysed the proficiency of laboratories’ performance of bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) for the period

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Prashith Kekuda, TR, Nitish A. Bharadwaj, MB Sachin, BK Sahana, and GS Priyanka. "In-vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Argyreia cuneata (Willd.) Ker Gawl. (Convolvulaceae)." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6 (2018): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2003.

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Objectives: Argyreia cuneata (Willd.) Ker Gawl. belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. The present study was performed to screen the potential of crude extract of various parts of A. cuneata to exhibit antimicrobial activity. Methods: Extraction of shade dried and powdered leaf, stem and flower of A. cuneata was carried out by maceration technique. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of extracts was evaluated by Agar well diffusion and Poisoned food technique respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging and ferric reducing assays. Resul

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Akpo, Christiana Orevaoghene, Joy Emovigho Ahomafor, Lawrence Uchenna Nwankwo, and Omaseye Ometie. "Proximate analysis, phytochemical screening and antimicrobial evaluation of the kernel and oil extract of <i>Moringa oleifera</i>." Sokoto Journal of Medical Laboratory Science 9, no. 2 (2024): 8–16. https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjmls.v9i2.1.

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The aim of this study is to ascertain the phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial activity, and proximate analysis of the seed kernels of Moringa oleifera. The organisms tested for antimicrobial susceptibility were Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Shigella flexneri, as well as the fungi Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Moringa oleifera seeds were gathered, dried in the air, shelled, and ground into powder. The water content and ash value of the kernels were ascertained and were steeped in sterile water, then extracted. The seed oil was extracted using pe

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Verma, Sheetal, Vimala Venkatesh, Rashmi Kumar, et al. "Etiological agents of diarrhea in hospitalized pediatric patients with special emphasis on diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in North India." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 11, no. 01 (2019): 068–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jlp.jlp_123_18.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Infectious diarrhea is leading infectious cause of childhood morbidity, hospitalizations, and mortality particularly in children living in developing countries like India. The etiological agents differ depending on geographical area, and recent data suggest increase in drug resistance to various enteropathogens. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate emerging diarrheal agents and antimicrobial resistance profile of bacterial pathogens from children (<12 years of age) hospitalized with acute diarrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, hosp

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Hawaz, Habtamu, Selamawit Girma, Yordanos Tezera, Umer Ahmed, and Musin Kelel. "Prevalence and drug susceptibility pattern of Shigella and Salmonella species in under ten diarrhoeic children admitted to Tirunesh-Beijing hospital." International Journal of Scientific Reports 3, no. 2 (2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20170359.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Diarrheal diseases constitute a major burden of disease in the low and middle-income countries of the world with diarrhea being the second leading cause of morbidity. Now a day, food borne disease, caused by <em>Shigella </em>and <em>Salmonella species</em> is the most common type of bacterial gastroenteritis have gained multiple antimicrobial resistances; the challenge for clinical management. For acute childhood diarrhea that requires antimicrobial therapy correct choice of the drug depends on detailed

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Aderolu, H. A., O. O. Aboaba, A. Z. Aderolu, K. O. Abdulwahab, A. A. Suliman, and U. C. Emmanuel. "Biological synthesis of copper nanoparticles and its antimicrobial potential on selected bacteria food-borne pathogens." Ife Journal of Science 23, no. 1 (2021): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v23i1.2.

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In this study, copper nanoparticle (CuNPs) was synthesized using green technology and the CuNPs was characterized with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) which confirmed the presence of copper. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed the morphology and the average size was calculated to be 2.47 ± 1 nm. The functional groups were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and this revealed that OH functional group was anchored on the surface of the nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activity of the synthesizedCuNPs was investigated at varying concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

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Efuá, Úrsula-Eva Eñeso, Silvia Herrera-León, Fátima Patabobe, Pascual Erasmo Owono, and Agustín Benito. "Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Diarrhoeagenic Enterobacterales in Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea." Acta Microbiologica Hellenica 70, no. 2 (2025): 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/amh70020024.

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Acute diarrhoeal disease caused by antibiotic-resistant diarrhoeagenic bacteria is a significant global public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study provides the first molecular characterisation of antimicrobial resistance profiles, including the detection of CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-55 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), among diarrhoeagenic Enterobacterales in Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, offering novel epidemiological insights into an understudied region. This study investigated the antibiotic resistance profiles of pathogenic bacteria isolated from

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Gizachew, Seyoum, Wannes Van Beeck, Irina Spacova, et al. "Antibacterial and Immunostimulatory Activity of Potential Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Ethiopian Fermented Dairy Products." Fermentation 9, no. 3 (2023): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9030258.

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Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) form a group of bacteria to which most probiotics belong and are commonly found in fermented dairy products. Fermented foods and beverages are foods made through desired microbial growth and enzymatic conversions of food components. In this study, 43 LAB were isolated from Ethiopian traditional cottage cheese, cheese, and yogurt and evaluated for their functional and safety properties as candidate probiotics. Twenty-seven isolates, representative of each fermented food type, were selected and identified to the species level. Limosilactobacillus fermentum was found to

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Qu, Mei, Xin Zhang, Guirong Liu, et al. "An eight-year study of Shigella species in Beijing, China: serodiversity, virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, no. 07 (2014): 904–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3692.

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Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of serotypes, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella spp. in Beijing, China, from 2004 to 2011. Methodology: Real-time PCR assays were used to detect virulent genes, and the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to evaluate antimicrobial resistance. Results: Among the total of 1,652 Shigella isolates, S. sonnei (57.1%) was the predominant species, followed by S. flexneri (42.3%), S. dysenteriae (0.4%), and S. boydii (0.2%). Nineteen serotypes were discovered among S. flexneri strains. The viru

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KHAN, A. I., S. HUQ, M. A. MALEK, et al. "Shigella serotypes among hospitalized patients in urban Bangladesh and their antimicrobial resistance." Epidemiology and Infection 132, no. 4 (2004): 773–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268804002134.

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We studied the isolation of Shigella spp., and their antimicrobial resistance. S. flexneri (54%) was most frequently isolated, followed by S. dysenteriae (20%), S. boydii (16%) and S. sonnei (10%). Among S. flexneri (n=122), 29 (24%) were 2a, and 23 (19%) were 2b. None of the Shigella strains were resistant to mecillinam or ciprofloxacin. Resistance to nalidixic acid was most frequent among S. dysenteriae type 1 (100%) followed by S. flexneri 2a (69%), and S. flexneri 2b (52%). Systematic monitoring is needed to identify most prevalent serotypes, and to detect changes in the prevalence and ant

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An'aam, Marzieh, Fatemeh Riyahi Zaniani, and Farid Shirmardi Dezaki. "Antimicrobial Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Oak Jaft (Quercus Persica) and Echium Amoenum on Shigella Flexneri." Qom Univ Med Sci J 15, no. 5 (2021): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/qums.15.5.2349.1.

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Background and Objectives: Today, because of the spread of drug resistance and the prevalence of infectious diseases, the use of medicinal plants has increased. So, in this study, the antibacterial effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Oak jaft and Echium amoenum was investigated on Shigella flexneri. Methods: In this study, hydroalcoholic extracts were extracted by maceration method and concentrated by rotary evaporator then dried immediately. Next, the antimicrobial effect of different dilutions of extracts on Shigella flexneri was investigated by disk diffusion and micro broth dilution method

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Chu, Yiu-wai, Elizabeth T. S. Houang, Donald J. Lyon, Julia M. Ling, Tak-keung Ng, and Augustine F. B. Cheng. "Antimicrobial Resistance in Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei in Hong Kong, 1986 to 1995." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 42, no. 2 (1998): 440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.42.2.440.

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ABSTRACT Three hundred and thirty-three Shigella isolates obtained in 1986 to 1995 were tested for their susceptibilities to 19 antimicrobial agents. Nalidixic acid resistance had emerged in 59.6% of Shigella flexneri isolates during 1994 to 1995, with all tested resistant isolates having the mutation in gyrAencoding the Ser-83 alteration. Multiresistance (resistance to four or more agents) was more common in S. flexneri than inShigella sonnei.

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Subramani, Parimala, Bharathi Ramachandra, Beena Pavangada Madappa, and Arvind Natarajan. "Speciation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Shigella isolates in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital, Kolar." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 16, no. 1 (2022): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.16.1.16.

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Shigellosis is the most important cause of bacillary dysentery. It’s a major public health problem. It is endemic in many developing countries resulting in a significant amount of mortality and morbidity. The incidence is 90 million with 6,00,000 deaths world over. In India, there is an emergence of resistance to Shigella resulting in limitation of treatment. To study the prevalence of Shigella species and their antibiogram in stool samples obtained from patients treated for dysentery at Rural Tertiary Care Hospital. A retrospective analysis of the Shigella isolates obtained from 400 stool sam

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BAGAMBOULA, C. F., M. UYTTENDAELE, and J. DEBEVERE. "Antimicrobial Effect of Spices and Herbs on Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 4 (2003): 668–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.4.668.

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Of 17 spices and herbs tested at 1% (wt/vol) in Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar, only cloves, thyme, oregano, allspice, basil, rosemary, and marjoram showed antimicrobial effects on Shigella. The MICs of thyme, oregano, basil, and rosemary (as determined by the agar dilution method) ranged from 0.5 to 1% (wt/vol) depending on the Shigella strain used. With the use of various combinations of temperatures (12, 22, and 37°C), pHs (5.0, 5.5, and 6.0), and NaCl concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4%, wt/vol) and the inclusion or exclusion of thyme or basil at 1% (wt/vol) in an MH agar model system, it was establ

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Yousfi, Khadidja, Christiane Gaudreau, Pierre A. Pilon, et al. "Genetic Mechanisms behind the Spread of Reduced Susceptibility to Azithromycin in Shigella Strains Isolated from Men Who Have Sex with Men in Québec, Canada." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 63, no. 2 (2018): e01679-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01679-18.

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ABSTRACT We analyzed 254 Shigella species isolates collected in Québec, Canada, during 2013 and 2014. Overall, 23.6% of isolates showed reduced susceptibility to azithromycin (RSA) encoded by mphA (11.6%), ermB (1.7%), or both genes (86.7%). Shigella strains with RSA were mostly isolated from men who have sex with men (68.8% or higher) from the Montreal region. A complete sequence analysis of six selected plasmids from Shigella sonnei and different serotypes of Shigella flexneri emphasized the role of IS26 in the dissemination of RSA.

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Way, Sing Sing, Alain C. Borczuk, Rene Dominitz, and Marcia B. Goldberg. "An Essential Role for Gamma Interferon in Innate Resistance to Shigella flexneri Infection." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 4 (1998): 1342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.4.1342-1348.1998.

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ABSTRACT Shigella spp. are the major cause of bacillary dysentery worldwide. To identify immune effectors associated with protection of the naive host during infection, the susceptibility to pulmonary Shigella infection of each of various mouse strains that have a targeted deletion in a specific aspect of the immune system was evaluated. Our results demonstrate that mice deficient in gamma interferon are 5 orders of magnitude more susceptible to Shigella than are wild-type mice, whereas mice deficient in B and T lymphocytes or in T lymphocytes alone exhibit no difference in susceptibility. Sig

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Fitrianingsih, Avin Ainur, Lailia Nur Rachma, and Alvi Milliana. "PROTEIN ADHESI SUB UNIT PILI Shigella flexneri 18 kDa MENINGKATKAN EKSPRESI PROTEIN ANTIMIKROBA  DEFENSIN PADA MENCIT ( STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN VAKSIN SHIGELLOSIS BERBASIS PROTEIN ADHESI)." Journal of Islamic Medicine 2, no. 2 (2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jim.v2i2.6238.

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<p><em>Shigellosis</em> merupakan penyakit endemis yang terutama terjadi di negara berkembang dan merupakan penyebab tersering penyakit diare yang berdarah. Pengembangan vaksin dari molekul adhesin memiliki kelebihan pada reaksi imun tubuh yang terbentuk akan membentuk sistem pertahanan tubuh yang lebih kuat dalam mengeliminasi bakteri serta tidak menimbulkan panas seperti vaksin dari sel utuh bakteri atau dari LPS-nya. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya diketahui bahwa pili <em>Shigella flexneri</em> dengan Berat Molekul (BM) 18 kDa merupakan molekul adhesi serta

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Sompila, Arnaud W. G. Tamba, and Nadia P. G. Pambou-Tobi. "Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of the Two Extracts (Aqueous and Lipidic) of P. aquilinum of Cross Plant." Biotechnology Journal International 29, no. 3 (2025): 61–68. https://doi.org/10.9734/bji/2025/v29i3777.

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Ferns have been living with human beings for a long time. Various biological activities have been reported, such as dietary, antioxidant and others. In our case, the focus was on antimicrobial activity. The aim was to demonstrate the activity of two extracts (aqueous and lipidic) of P. aquilinum fronds. The methodology adopted consisted in extracting the total oil from fiddleheads using a sohlext device, with hexane as the solvent. The aqueous extract was also prepared using water as the extraction solvent. Five strains were selected and used, namely three strains of the Shigella genus: boydii

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ZHANG, J., F. WANG, H. JIN, et al. "Laboratory monitoring of bacterial gastroenteric pathogens Salmonella and Shigella in Shanghai, China 2006–2012." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 3 (2014): 478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814001162.

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SUMMARYIn 2006 we initiated an enhanced laboratory-based surveillance of Salmonella and Shigella infections in Shanghai, China. A total of 4483 Salmonella and 2226 Shigella isolates were recovered from stool specimens by 2012. In 80 identified Salmonella serovars, Enteritidis (34·5%) and Typhimurium (26·2%) were the most common. Shigella (S.) sonnei accounted for 63·9% of human Shigella infections over the same time period, and replaced S. flexneri to become the primary cause of shigellosis since 2010. Overall, a high level of antimicrobial resistance was observed in Salmonella and Shigella, p

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Eilers, Björn, Anne Mayer-Scholl, Travis Walker, Christoph Tang, Yvette Weinrauch, and Arturo Zychlinsky. "Neutrophil antimicrobial proteins enhance Shigella flexneri adhesion and invasion." Cellular Microbiology 12, no. 8 (2010): 1134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01459.x.

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Phiri, Abel F. N. D., Akebe Luther King Abia, Daniel Gyamfi Amoako, et al. "Burden, Antibiotic Resistance, and Clonality of Shigella spp. Implicated in Community-Acquired Acute Diarrhoea in Lilongwe, Malawi." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 6, no. 2 (2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6020063.

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Although numerous studies have investigated diarrhoea aetiology in many sub-Saharan African countries, recent data on Shigella species’ involvement in community-acquired acute diarrhoea (CA-AD) in Malawi are scarce. This study investigated the incidence, antibiotic susceptibility profile, genotypic characteristics, and clonal relationships of Shigella flexneri among 243 patients presenting with acute diarrhoea at a District Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. Shigella spp. were isolated and identified using standard microbiological and serological methods and confirmed by identifying the ipaH gene u

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Adekunle, Olutoyin, Temitope Adelusi, Ismaila Sule, Akanmidu Olorunfemi, Halimat Abdulrahim, and Adeniran Adekunle. "Phytochemical Analyses, Antimicrobial Activities and Possible Antimicrobial Mechanism of Adansonia Digitata: An Animal Model." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 74, no. 2 (2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.50029.

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Development of resistance to reference antibiotics leading to increased mortality have caused critical concern in the management of infectious diseases. Continuous search for alternative therapies have shown good candidates in medicinal plants, although without thorough examination of possible mechanism of action. This study assessed the phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial activities and possible antimicrobial mechanism of Adansonia digitata, against Shigella flexneri, Escerichia Coli and Salmonella enteritis.

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