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Journal articles on the topic 'Shigella flexneri biochemical reactions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Padilla, Carlos, Verónica Carrasco-Sánchez, Andrés Padilla, and Olga Lobos. "Partial Characterization of Novel Bacteriocin SF1 Produced by Shigella flexneri and Their Lethal Activity on Members of Gut Microbiota." International Journal of Microbiology 2019 (May 6, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6747190.

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A strain of Shigella flexneri producing bacteriocin was isolated from a patient with diarrhea. The main objective of this study was to isolate and partially characterize the bacteriocin. The producing microorganism was identified using biochemical, serological, and molecular methods. The lethal activity of the S. flexneri strain was studied using the drop method. This bacterial strain showed activity against different strains of E. coli and B. fragilis. Using immunological techniques, it was determined that S. flexneri belongs to serotype 2a, and by PCR, the presence of the ipaH plasmid was de

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Sarker, Shafiuzzaman, Reeashat Muhit Neeloy, Marnusa Binte Habib, et al. "Mobile Colistin-Resistant Genes mcr-1, mcr-2, and mcr-3 Identified in Diarrheal Pathogens among Infants, Children, and Adults in Bangladesh: Implications for the Future." Antibiotics 13, no. 6 (2024): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060534.

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Colistin is a last-resort antimicrobial for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Phenotypic colistin resistance is highly associated with plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes. mcr-bearing Enterobacteriaceae have been detected in many countries, with the emergence of colistin-resistant pathogens a global concern. This study assessed the distribution of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5 genes with phenotypic colistin resistance in isolates from diarrheal infants and children in Bangladesh. Bacteria were identified using the API-20E biochemical panel and 16s

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3

Schroeder, Gunnar N., and Hubert Hilbi. "Molecular Pathogenesis of Shigella spp.: Controlling Host Cell Signaling, Invasion, and Death by Type III Secretion." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 21, no. 1 (2008): 134–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00032-07.

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SUMMARY Shigella spp. are gram-negative pathogenic bacteria that evolved from harmless enterobacterial relatives and may cause devastating diarrhea upon ingestion. Research performed over the last 25 years revealed that a type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded on a large plasmid is a key virulence factor of Shigella flexneri. The T3SS determines the interactions of S. flexneri with intestinal cells by consecutively translocating two sets of effector proteins into the target cells. Thus, S. flexneri controls invasion into EC, intra- and intercellular spread, macrophage cell death, as well as

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4

Aliprantis, Antonios O., David S. Weiss, Justin D. Radolf, and Arturo Zychlinsky. "Release of Toll-Like Receptor-2-Activating Bacterial Lipoproteins in Shigella flexneri Culture Supernatants." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 10 (2001): 6248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.10.6248-6255.2001.

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ABSTRACT Shigella spp. cause dysentery, a severe form of bloody diarrhea. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is induced during Shigella infections and has been proposed to be a key event in the pathogenesis of dysentery. Here, we describe a novel cytotoxic activity in the sterile-culture supernatants of Shigella flexneri. An identical activity was identified in purified S. flexneri endotoxin, defined here as a mixture of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and endotoxin-associated proteins (EP). Separation of endotoxin into EP and LPS revealed the activity to partition exclusively to the EP fraction. B

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Zakir Hossain, A. K. M., Md Zahid Hasan, Sohana Akter Mina, Nahid Sultana, and A. M. Masudul Azad Chowdhury. "Occurrence of shigellosis in pediatric diarrheal patients in Chattogram, Bangladesh: A molecular based approach." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (2023): e0275353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275353.

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Shigellaa Gram-negative, non-motile bacillus, is the primary causative agent of the infectious disease shigellosis, which kills 1.1 million people worldwideevery year. The children under the age of five are primarily the victims of this disease. This study has been conducted to assess the prevalence of shigellosis through selective plating, biochemical test and conventional PCR assays, where the samples were collected from suspected diarrheoal patients. Invasive plasmid antigen H (ipaH) and O-antigenic rfc gene were used to identify Shigella spp. and S. flexneri respectively. For validation of

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Ledov, Vladimir A., Marina E. Golovina, Biana I. Alkhazova, Vyacheslav L. Lvov, Alexander L. Kovalchuk, and Petr G. Aparin. "A Pentavalent Shigella flexneri LPS-Based Vaccine Candidate Is Safe and Immunogenic in Animal Models." Vaccines 11, no. 2 (2023): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020345.

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A multivalent vaccine is much needed to achieve protection against predominant Shigella serotypes. Recently, we demonstrated the clinical applicability and immunogenic potential of tri-acylated S. flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide (Ac3-S-LPS). Using a similar approach, we designed a pentavalent LPS candidate vaccine against S. flexneri 1b, 2a, 3a, 6, and Y (PLVF). In this study, we performed molecular and antigenic characterization of the vaccine candidate and its preclinical evaluation. There were no signs of acute toxicity after subcutaneous administration of PLVF in rabbits at a proposed human

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7

Gentle, Amy, Philip M. Ashton, Timothy J. Dallman, and Claire Jenkins. "Evaluation of Molecular Methods for Serotyping Shigella flexneri." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, no. 6 (2016): 1456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.03386-15.

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Shigella flexnerican be phenotypically serotyped using antisera raised to type-specific somatic antigens and group factor antigens and genotypically serotyped using PCR targeting O-antigen synthesis or modification genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate a real-time PCR for serotypingS. flexneriand to use whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic serotype identifications. Of the 244 cultures tested retrospectively, 226 (92.6%) had concordant results between phenotypic serotyping and PCR. Seventy of the 244 isolates (including 15 of the 18 isolates where a s

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8

Sen, Tanuka, and Naresh K. Verma. "YfiB: An Outer Membrane Protein Involved in the Virulence of Shigella flexneri." Microorganisms 10, no. 3 (2022): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030653.

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The intracellular pathogen Shigella flexneri, which is the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, significantly influences the worldwide implication of diarrheal infections, consequentially causing about 1.1 million deaths each year. Due to a nonavailability of an authorized vaccine and the upsurge of multidrug resistance amongst Shigella strains, there has been a huge demand for further genetic analyses which could help in the advancement of new/improved drugs, and finding vaccine candidates against the pathogen. The present study aims to illustrate the role of the yfiB gene in Shigella viru

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9

Fries, Louis F., Andrew D. Montemarano, Corey P. Mallett, David N. Taylor, Thomas L. Hale, and George H. Lowell. "Safety and Immunogenicity of a Proteosome-Shigella flexneri 2a Lipopolysaccharide Vaccine Administered Intranasally to Healthy Adults." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 7 (2001): 4545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.7.4545-4553.2001.

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ABSTRACT We studied the safety and immunogenicity of a Shigella flexneri 2a vaccine comprising native S. flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) complexed to meningococcal outer membrane proteins—proteosomes—in normal, healthy adults. A two-dose series of immunizations was given by intranasal spray, and doses of 0.1, 0.4, 1.0, and 1.5 mg (based on protein) were studied in a dose-escalating design. The vaccine was generally well tolerated. The most common reactions included rhinorrhea and nasal stuffiness, which were clearly dose related (P ≤ 0.05). These reactions were self-limited and generally

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Belhu, Tegegn, Kinfe Fissehatsion, Abraham Tesfaye, Dr Yohannes Woldekidan, and Kassu Desta. "Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Gastrointestinal Carriage of Pathogenic Gram Negative Enteric Bacteria among Apparently Healthy Food Handlers of Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." International Journal of Microbiology 2020 (November 17, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8867033.

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Background. Foodborne diseases are major public health problems in developing countries like Ethiopia. Food handlers with poor personal hygiene working in hospitals could be infected with different intestinal parasites and pathogenic enteric bacteria. Therefore, they could pose a potential risk of foodborne infection to patients and the community. Methods. An institutional based cross-sectional study conducted from March to June 2017. Besides, sociodemographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire, freshly passed stool specimens for direct wet mount smear examination, and formal

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Afagnigni, Alian Désiré, Maximilienne Ascension Nyegue, Chantal Florentine Ndoye Foe, et al. "Antidiarrheal Activity of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (Melastomataceae) Leaf Extract in Wistar Rats and Subacute Toxicity Evaluation." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4038371.

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The present work was undertaken to evaluate antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (D. multiflora) on Shigella flexneri-induced diarrhea in Wistar rats and its subacute toxicity. Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 1.2 × 109 cells/mL S. flexneri to rats. Antidiarrheal activity was investigated in rats with the doses of 111.42 mg/kg, 222.84 mg/kg, and 445.68 mg/kg. The level of biochemical parameters was assessed and organs histology examined by 14 days’ subacute toxicity. S. flexneri stool load decreased significantly in dose-dependent ma

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12

DEER, DEANNE M., and KEITH A. LAMPEL. "Development of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay with Internal Amplification Control for the Detection of Shigella Species and Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 9 (2010): 1618–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.9.1618.

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Shigella species, particularly S. sonnei and S. flexneri, remain some of the leading bacterial etiological agents of gastrointestinal diseases in the United States and globally. The isolation and detection of these foodborne pathogens are critical for preventing the spread of disease and facilitating epidemiological investigations aimed at determining the source of a Shigella infection outbreak. A multiplex real-time PCR-based assay was developed that targets all four species of Shigella plus enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. The assay incorporates primers directed to the ipaH genes located on

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13

Kayath, Christian Aimé, Nicole Prisca Makaya Dangui Nieko, Duchel Jeanedvi Kinouani Kinavouidi, Christ Dieuveil Bayakissa Malanda, and Etienne Nguimbi. "A Novel Study of Shigella Biosurfactants Like Molecule Produced and Assessed Anaerobically." International Journal of Pathogen Research 13, no. 6 (2024): 145–59. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2024/v13i6329.

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Shigella has settled on extremely sophisticated mechanisms to disrupt host cell progressions to endorse infection, escape immune exposure, and avoid bacterial clearance. The design of new therapeutic targets for the optimal management of Shigella infection must give a follow-up action target in the live anaerobic cycle. The aim of this present work is to explore the ability of Shigella to produce and secrete biosurfactant like molecules anaerobically. This study describes the isolation of 93 Shigella spp. candidates, from hospital and environmental samples. These isolates, plus lab strains, we

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14

Tawhid, Muhammad, Mohammed Mafizul Islam, Muhammed Amanat, and Sapna Tandon. "BIOCHEMICAL ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF PATHOGENIC AND PROBIOTIC BACTERIA AT SHRIMP AND PRAWN FROM WILD AND DIFFERENT CULTURE CONDITIONS IN BANGLADESH." Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology 31, no. 1 (2024): 030171(1–9). http://dx.doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2024-01-e03550.

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We conducted biochemical assays on shrimp and prawn samples in Bangladesh, revealing the presence of both harmful and beneficial bacteria. Pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholera, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in these samples, with Escherichia coli being the most prevalent. Additionally, we identified three potential probiotic bacteria - Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus spp., and Enterobacter aerogenes. These probiotics can enhance immu

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15

Nianming, Xie, Ding Shaoqing, Wang Luping, Yuan Zenglin, Zhan Guolai, and Lang Shuhui. "Ultrastructure of periplasmic bodies in gram-negative bacteria." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (1990): 640–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100160753.

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Perhaps the data about periplasmic enzymes are obtained through biochemical methods but lack of morphological description. We have proved the existence of periplasmic bodies by electron microscope and described their ultrastructures. We hope this report may draw the attention of biochemists and mrophologists to collaborate on researches in periplasmic enzymes or periplasmic bodies with each other.One or more independent bodies may be seen in the periplasmic space between outer and inner membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, which we called periplasmic bodies. The periplasmic bodies have been fo

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16

Lozano Aguirre, Luis Fernando, Juan Carlos Salazar, José Ignacio Vásquez, and Víctor Antonio García-Angulo. "Interdependency of regulatory effects of iron and riboflavin in the foodborne pathogen Shigella flexneri determined by integral transcriptomics." PeerJ 8 (September 15, 2020): e9553. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9553.

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Shigella flexneri is the causative agent of dysentery. For pathogens, iron is a critical micronutrient as its bioavailability is usually low in bacterial niches. This metal is involved in critical physiological processes mainly as a component of important metabolic molecules involved in redox reactions. Usually bacteria respond to fluctuations in iron availability to regulate iron acquisition and other iron-related functions. Recently the close metabolic feedback between iron and riboflavin, another pivotal biological redox agent, began to draw attention in bacteria. This is a widespread biolo

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17

Rabins, Leonal. "Epidemiological Study on Shigella from Meat and its Public Health Significance." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (2021): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1012.048.

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Astudy was designed to isolate and characterize the Shigella spp., from raw meat sold in Puducherry. A total of 150 raw meat samples (Chicken, chevon and beef each 50) were analyzed. Overall prevalence of 28(18.7%) isolates recovered and species were of Sh.dysenteriae and Sh. flexneri. Amongst 23 isolates maximum was recovered from chicken meat 14 (50%) followed by 7 (25%) chevon and 7 (25%) beef. Sh. dysenteriae was higher than Sh.flexneri. All the Sh. dysenteriae isolates were confirmed by PCR. Out of 14 PCR confirmed isolates of Sh. dysenteriae, 13 (92.8%) produced biofilm on modified congo

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18

Alsalmi, Asma Ahmed Sulaiman, Said A. Al-Busafi, Ruwaida Naseer Abdullah AL-Lamki, and Mohamed Mabruk. "The Ecology and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Gastrointestinal Tract Infections in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Oman." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 3 (2021): 1634–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.3.60.

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A wide range of gastrointestinal (GI) illnesses is caused by foodborne bacteria that can arise from either a direct bacterial infection or bacterial toxin ingestion. The treatment of these infections has been hampered by the appearance of resistant strains. This current study aims to investigate the prevalence of Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) infections in Omani patients and their resistance pattern against commonly used antibiotics. Seven hundred and ninety fresh stool samples were obtained from Omani patients attending Sultan Qaboos University Hospital with GI manifestation from the 1st of Ju

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Richard, R., Tin Ezejiofor, Ca Nsofor, and NE Maningi. "Antibacterial Resistance and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Phenotypes in Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Fecal Samples of Humans and Animals in Selected Local Government Areas of Nasarawa State, Nigeria." Archives of Biotechnology and Biomedicine 8, no. 1 (2024): 027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.abb.1001041.

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It is quite alarming the increasing rate of antibacterial resistance all over the world considering the public health threat and the re-emergence of multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The aim of this study is Antibacterial resistance and phenotypic detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from human and animal fecal samples in selected local government areas of Nasarawa state, Nigeria was carried out in the study. Hundred (100) samples comprising human and animal (goats, cattle, and chicken) were collected and 55 samples were multidrug re

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Nyegue, Maximilienne Ascension, Alian Désiré Afagnigni, Youchahou Njankouo Ndam, Steve Valdi Djova, Marie Christine Fonkoua, and François-Xavier Etoa. "Toxicity and Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Paullinia pinnata Linn (Sapindaceae) in Shigella flexneri–Induced Diarrhea in Wistar Rats." Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine 25 (January 1, 2020): 2515690X1990088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515690x19900883.

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Herbal products from Paullinia pinnata Linn are widely used in African folk medicine to treat several infectious diseases. Although the extracts from this plant has been shown to possess antimicrobial potential, their activity in infectious diarrhea is less reported. Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 1.2 × 109 CFU/mL of Shigella flexneri to the rats. The infected rats were treated for 5 days with the doses of 111.42, 222.84, and 445.68 mg/kg of P pinnata. The level of biochemical parameters was assessed and histology of organs examined by 14 days subacute toxicity. S flexneri stoo

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Mo, Yi, Wenjian Fang, Hong Li, et al. "Safety and Immunogenicity of a Shigella Bivalent Conjugate Vaccine (ZF0901) in 3-Month- to 5-Year-Old Children in China." Vaccines 10, no. 1 (2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010033.

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No licensed Shigella vaccine is presently available globally. A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, age descending phase II clinical trial of a bivalent conjugate vaccine was studied in China. The vaccine ZF0901 consisted of O-specific polysaccharides purified and detoxified from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of S. flexneri 2a and S. sonnei and covalently bonded to tetanus toxoid. A total of 224, 310, and 434 children, consented by parents or guardians, aged 3 to 6 and 6 to 12 months and 1 to 5 years old, respectively, were injected with half or full doses, with or without adjuvant or c

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Sperandio, Brice, Natalie Fischer, Marie Joncquel Chevalier-Curt, et al. "Virulent Shigella flexneri Affects Secretion, Expression, and Glycosylation of Gel-Forming Mucins in Mucus-Producing Cells." Infection and Immunity 81, no. 10 (2013): 3632–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00551-13.

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ABSTRACTMucin glycoproteins are secreted in large amounts by the intestinal epithelium and constitute an efficient component of innate immune defenses to promote homeostasis and protect against enteric pathogens. In this study, our objective was to investigate how the bacterial enteropathogenShigella flexneri, which causes bacillary dysentery, copes with the mucin defense barrier. We report that uponin vitroinfection of mucin-producing polarized human intestinal epithelial cells, virulentS. flexnerimanipulates the secretion of gel-forming mucins. This phenomenon, which is triggered only by vir

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R.K., Shrooq, Kifah A.J., Ramina M., Huda K. та Ziad A. "Determination of Mininmum Inhibitary Concentrationof Ciprofloxcin Amoung β-Lactamaste Producing Isolates". Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, № 1 (2012): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v11i1.244.

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Out of 200 clinical samples (blood ,pus,stool,urine,wound and vaginal swabs) were collected from Baghdad hospitals during June2009-January 2010,96 Gram negative and positive bacterial isolates were identified by bacteriological and biochemical tests. Escherichia coli was the dominant bacteria (27.08%), followed by Salmonella typhi (12.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.4%), Proteus vulgaris (9.3%), and Staphylococcus aureus (8.3%).Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done against ciprofloxacin disk (5μg) by disk diffusion method and the resistant isolates were 22 (23%);distributed into Escherichi

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Ansaruzzaman, M., Marzia Sultana, Kaisar A. Talukder, et al. "Isolation and characterization of provisional serovar Shigella boydii E16553 from diarrhoeal patients in Bangladesh." Journal of Medical Microbiology 54, no. 5 (2005): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.45889-0.

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In previous studies with strains of the Shigella dysenteriae provisional serovars E22383 and E23507 from diarrhoeal stools from patients in Bangladesh, two strains of Shigella species were identified as Shigella boydii provisional serovar E16553 by a reference laboratory. Further tests with an antiserum to an international type strain of the provisional serovar E16553 identified an additional 15 isolates. None of the isolates reacted with antisera to the established Shigella serovars or any other provisional serovars reported so far and all showed biochemical reactions typical of S. boydii. Al

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Zhao, Yue, Jianjin Shi, Xuyan Shi, Yupeng Wang, Fengchao Wang, and Feng Shao. "Genetic functions of the NAIP family of inflammasome receptors for bacterial ligands in mice." Journal of Experimental Medicine 213, no. 5 (2016): 647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20160006.

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Biochemical studies suggest that the NAIP family of NLR proteins are cytosolic innate receptors that directly recognize bacterial ligands and trigger NLRC4 inflammasome activation. In this study, we generated Naip5−/−, Naip1−/−, and Naip2−/− mice and showed that bone marrow macrophages derived from these knockout mice are specifically deficient in detecting bacterial flagellin, the type III secretion system needle, and the rod protein, respectively. Naip1−/−, Naip2−/−, and Naip5−/− mice also resist lethal inflammasome activation by the corresponding ligand. Furthermore, infections performed in

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Goren, Avner, Serem Freier, and Justen H. Passwell. "Lethal Toxic Encephalopathy Due to Childhood Shigellosis in a Developed Country." Pediatrics 89, no. 6 (1992): 1189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.89.6.1189.

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Shigellosis results in considerable morbidity in endemic areas, but mortality is rare in developed countries. All pediatric deaths (n = 15) in Israel following shigellosis in the past 10 years were reviewed. The patients' ages ranged from 5 months to 11 years; there were eight boys and seven girls. Three were institutionalized mentally retarded patients, 11 were healthy children. Twelve had definite clinical signs of brain death within 48 hours of onset of disease. Cause of death in all patients was consistent with toxic encephalopathy. No other systemic complication was implicated as the caus

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Vásquez-García, Andrea, Thaysa dos Santos Silva, Sabrina R. de Almeida-Queiroz, et al. "Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria causing subclinical mastitis in buffalo." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37, no. 5 (2017): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017000500004.

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ABSTRACT: Microorganisms causing subclinical mastitis in water buffalo were isolated from 20 buffalo milk samples at four dairy farms located in central region of São Paulo State, Brazil, through testing of somatic cell count (SCC), standard plate count (SPC), biochemical, PCR assays and antimicrobial profile. The SCC showed average of 721,000 cells/mL in the milk, indicating the presence of subclinical mastitis. The overall average for SPC was 1.8 x 104 CFU/mL. The microorganism most frequently isolation according to biochemical tests were: Staphylococcus epidermidis (17%), Staphylococcus aur

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Grimont, Francine, Monique Lejay-Collin, Kaisar A. Talukder, et al. "Identification of a group of shigella-like isolates as Shigella boydii 20." Journal of Medical Microbiology 56, no. 6 (2007): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46818-0.

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Infections by Shigella species are an important cause of diarrhoeal disease worldwide. Of 4198 Shigella isolates received by the French National Reference Centre for Escherichia coli and Shigella, 180 from patients with diarrhoea and dysentery in 2000–2004 did not react with any available polyclonal rabbit antisera used to identify the established Shigella serogroups. This study describes the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of these isolates in seroagglutination tests, molecular serotyping (rfb-RFLP and fliC-RFLP), ribotyping, detection of invasivity and enterotoxins genes, and antibi

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Auzanneau, France-Isabelle, and David R. Bundle. "Application of thioglycoside chemistry to the synthesis of trisaccharides and deoxy-trisaccharides related to the Shigella flexneri Y polysaccharide." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 71, no. 4 (1993): 534–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v93-076.

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The Shigella flexneri lipopolysaccharide has a biological repeating unit, → 2)α-L-Rhap(1→2)α-L-Rhap(1→3)α-L-Rhap(1→3)β-D-GlcNAcp(1 → ABCD, but the residue segment BCD suffices to fill the binding site of an O-antigen specific monoclonal antibody, SYA/J6. Synthetic modifications to this trisaccharide have been designed to investigate the involvement in binding of the acetamido moiety, the 4- and 6-OH groups of the GlcNAc residue D, the 4′-OH group of the Rha residue C, and the 3″- and 4″-OH groups of the Rha residue B. Sequential chain extension provided the protected trisaccharides 18, 24, 26,

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Trivedi, Mahendra Kumar, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, and Snehasis Jana. "Antibiogram of Biofield-Treated Shigella boydii: Global Burden of Infections." Science Journal of Clinical Medicine 4, no. 6 (2015): 121–26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20150406.12.

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Bacillary dysentery and acute gastroenteritis caused by infection of Shigella species are major public health burden in India and its neighboring countries. Emergence of antimicrobial resistance threatens to render current treatments ineffective. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on Shigella boydii (S. boydii) with respect of antimicrobial susceptibility assay, biochemical characteristics and biotyping. The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 9207) strain of S. boydii was used in this experiment. The study was conducted in revived and lyophilize

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Trivedi, Mahendra Kumar, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, and Snehasis Jana. "Antibiogram of Biofield-Treated Shigella boydii: Global Burden of Infections." Science Journal of Clinical Medicine 4, no. 6 (2015): 121–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.191272.

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Bacillary dysentery and acute gastroenteritis caused by infection of Shigella species are major public health burden in India and its neighboring countries. Emergence of antimicrobial resistance threatens to render current treatments ineffective. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on Shigella boydii (S. boydii) with respect of antimicrobial susceptibility assay, biochemical characteristics and biotyping. The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 9207) strain of S. boydii was used in this experiment. The study was conducted in revived and lyophilize

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Deihim, Behnaz, and Parisa Masoudipour. "Antibiotic resistance of enteropathogenic bacteria in a teaching hospital in North Khuzestan during a three-year period." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 13, no. 5 (2024): 2073–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1594_23.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Gastrointestinal infections affect many people annually. The most common bacterial agents involved in these infections are enteropathogenic bacteria and in the continuation of using broad-spectrum antibiotics, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is involved, especially in hospitalized patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pattern of antibiotic resistance among enteropathogenic bacteria. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 163 samples of patients with diarrhea in Dezful Ganjavian Hospital were examined. The samples were cult

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Edeh, I. C., C. I. Nsofor, C. C. Ikechukwu, C. S. Olisa, P. I. Afoemezie, and N. O. Chidubem-Nwachinemere. "Bacterial assessment of smoke-dried fishes sold at three landing market sites in Anambra State, Nigeria." Zoologist (The) 21, no. 1 (2023): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tzool.v21i1.3.

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The study focused on the bacteriological profile of four different smoke-dried fishes Clarias gariepinus (CG), Oreochromis niloticus (ON), Malapterurus electricus (ME), and Citharinus citharus (CC) sold at three landing market sites (Otuocha, Ose, and Ogbakuba) in Anambra State, Nigeria. Bacteria isolates from fish samples were examined and identified using microscopic, morphological, and biochemical characteristics. The results revealed the presence of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica and Shigella flexneri in all the fish samples from the thr

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Chang, Chiung-Wen, Elizabeth N. H. Tran, Daniel J. Ericsson, et al. "Structural and Biochemical Analysis of a Single Amino-Acid Mutant of WzzBSF That Alters Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Chain Length in Shigella flexneri." PLOS ONE 10, no. 9 (2015): e0138266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138266.

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Umejiuba, Nancy Oluchukwu, E. S. I. Okorondu, E. C. Chinakwe, et al. "Diversity and Enzymatic Activity Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Selected Organic Wastes in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 9, no. 2 (2024): 80–90. https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2492.009.

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Study’s Novelty/Excerpt: Enzyme activity of bacteria isolated from organic waste samples (cow dung, municipal solid waste, poultry, and pig waste) is profiled. 832 bacterial isolates were identified based on their cultural, microscopic, and biochemical properties. Enterococcus faecalis is found to be the most prevalent (20.1%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most active enzyme (protease, amylase, cellulase, etc.) producer. Shigella spp. showed no enzyme production. Full Abstract: Enzymes secreted by bacteria are bio-catalysts that play an important role in all stages of metabolism and biochemic

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Dissasa, Guta, Brook Lemma, and Hassen Mamo. "Antimicrobial resistance profile of bacterial pathogens isolated from naturally infected fish in some lakes of Ethiopia." SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science 46, no. 1 (2023): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v46i1.4.

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Small scale fisheries play important role in providing food and livelihoods for households in Ethiopia. However, prevalence of bacterial fish infection and their antimicrobial resistance are increasing over the world accounting for the major limitations in fish productionas well asits consumption. A cross sectional study was carried out to identify bacterial pathogens isolated from naturally infectedNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 20 were common carp (Cyprinus carpio)fish showing clinical signs of disease particularly hemorrhage and skin ulceration and to determine the antibiotic susc

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Ahmed, Monzur Morshed, Md Mizanur Rahaman, Md Nur Hossain, et al. "Charaterization of isolated potential lactobacilli and used as probiotic food." Asian-Australasian Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology 1, no. 2 (2016): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajbb.v1i2.61575.

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This research was carried out to isolate and identify lactobacilli from yogurt and vegetables sample from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Twenty five Lactobacillus strains were isolated and identified as Lactobacillus species based on cultural characteristics, biochemical tests, and sugar fermentation. The results showed only four among twenty five isolates were highly responded to probiotic criteria such as low pH tolerance (2.5), bile salt tolerance (2%), gastric juice tolerance (0.5% bile salt, 0.2% NaCl, 0.32% pepsin pH 2.5) in-vitro and were identified strains as Lactobacillus plantarum imy-21, Lactob

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Rebecca, Richard, Tobias Innocent Ndubuisi Ezejiofor, Chijioke Adulberth Nsofor, and Istifanus Haruna Nkene. "Antibacterial Resistance and Phenotypic Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Environmental Sources in Nasarawa State, Nigeria." European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 4, no. 5 (2023): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.5.479.

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The multidrug resistant member of Enterobacteriaceae is common causes of community related infections. A study on antibacterial resistance and phenotypic detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from environmental sources in Nasarawa state, Nigeria was carried out. A total of 400 samples comprised of air, water, soil, vegetable, and sewage were collected and 89 samples were multidrug resistant. Enterobacteriaceae were isolated and identified using commercial biochemical kit Eneterosystem 18R. The antibacterial susceptibility testing of Enteroba

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Ferfetska, K. V., D. O. Hontsaryuk, L. O. Pits, and V. A. Pits. "On the features of the correction of intestinal dysbiosis in chronic pancreatitis (literature review)." Herald of Pancreatic Club 58, no. 1 (2023): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33149/vkp.2023.01.02.

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The aim of the literature review was to analyze the modern approach to the correction of intestinal dysbiosis in patients with chronic pancreatitis, including the one combined with metabolic syndrome, coronary heart disease, and especially bacterial overgrowth syndrome. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of drug therapy and the pharmacotherapeutic mechanisms of influence of various groups of pro-, pre- and synbiotics on the condition of the intestine, immunity, and inflammatory processes. The requirements for an adequate selection of drugs are considered. They must be usef

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Blom, Marianne, Aase Meyer, Peter Gerner-Smidt, Knud Gaarslev, and Frank Espersen. "Evaluation of Statens Serum Institut Enteric Medium for Detection of Enteric Pathogens." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 7 (1999): 2312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.7.2312-2316.1999.

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The efficacy of the Statens Serum Institut (SSI) enteric medium for isolation and direct identification of enteric pathogens was evaluated. Six different biochemical reactions can be read by using the SSI enteric medium, allowing direct identification of a range of enteric pathogens. All 248 gram-negative bacterial species that were tested grew on the SSI enteric medium. Only 10 of 248 bacteria (4%) showed discrepant results in the biochemical reactions, and none of these were enteric pathogens. Forty-three of 47 enteric pathogens (92%) produced identical rates of semiquantitative growth on th

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CHAN, YVONNE C., and HANS P. BLASCHEK. "Comparative Analysis of Shigella boydii 18 Foodborne Outbreak Isolate and Related Enteric Bacteria: Role of rpoS and adiA in Acid Stress Response." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 3 (2005): 521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.3.521.

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Shigella boydii CDPH (Chicago Department of Public Health) serotype 18 was implicated in an outbreak of foodborne illness in 1998. The suspected food vehicles were parsley and cilantro imported from Mexico used to prepare bean salad. Previous studies revealed that S. boydii CDPH serotype 18 can survive in bean salad, which contains organic acids and whose pH decreases over time. Acid challenge assays in acidified tryptic soy broth at pH 4.5, acidified Luria-Bertani broth at pH 4.5, and acidified M9 minimal salts medium at pH 2.5 containing amino acids, arginine, or glutamic acid were performed

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Rahaman, M. Mizanur, M. Nur Hossain, Nantu Chandra Das, Monzur Morshed Ahmed, and M. Mahfuzul Hoque. "Potential Thermotolerant Lactobacilli Isolated from Chicken Gastrointestinal Tract for Probiotic Use in Poultry Feeds." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 2 (2020): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45529.

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This research was carried out to isolate and identify thermotolerant lactobacilli from broiler chicken gastrointestinal tract from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Twenty five thermotolerant Lactobacillus strains were isolated and identified as Lactobacillus species based on cultural characteristics, biochemical tests, and sugar fermentation. The probiotic are a live microbial feed supplements which positively affects the health of the host animal by improving its intestinal balance.The results showed only four among twenty five isolates were highly responded to probiotic criteria such as low pH tolerance (

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Yandev, D., IO Ogbonna, CT Orhii, and A. Adie. "Phytochemical Studies and Antibiofilm Activity of Annona Senegalensis Plant Extracts against Three Diarrhoeagenic Bacteria." BJM 1, no. 1 (2022): 35–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6617188.

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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> The aim of this study was to evaluate the stem and root extracts of <em>Annona senegalensis</em> for phytochemical analysis and determine the antibiofilm activity against <em>Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>. Collection of plant and bacterial stock samples followed standard practices. Plant stem and roots extracts were prepared using aqueous and methanolic methods of cold maceration and tested for the presence of various phytochemicals. Quantitative assessment of active ingredients was carried out using spectrophotometric me

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June, Geraldine A., Patricia S. Sherrod, R. Miguel Amaguana, Wallace H. Andrews, and Thomas S. Hammack. "Effectiveness of the Bacteriological Analytical Manual Culture Method for the Recovery of Shigella sonnei from Selected Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 76, no. 6 (1993): 1240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/76.6.1240.

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Abstract The relative retention of the indigenous morphological, biochemical, and serological characteristics by Shigella sonnei was tested under various storage conditions (room temperature, refrigeration, freezing at −20°C and at −70°C, and lyophilization). The use of a selective (desoxycholate citrate) agar rather than a nonselective (brain heart infusion) agar gave a lower conversion rate of smooth to rough colonies, and the percentage of rough colonies derived from cultures stored for prolonged periods increased under all conditions. With respect to biochemical characteristics, there were

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D, Eboh D., and Anyiam I. V. "Detection of Antibiotics Resistance Genes and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella spp from Clinical and Poultry Samples in Yenagoa Metropolis of Bayelsa." African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine 1, no. 2 (2024): 509–34. https://doi.org/10.58578/ajstm.v1i2.4275.

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Salmonellae are facultative anaerobes, intracellular Gram-negative motile bacteria. They are one of the most important zoonotic pathogens transmitting among humans and animals and are responsible for high cases of morbidity and mortality in a wide range of hosts. Due to the similarity of antibiotic classes used to treat animals and humans, there is a high risk for the emergence of the multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. Thus, this study was aimed at detection of antibiotics resistance genes and molecular characterization of Salmonella spp from clinical and livestock samples. Hundred (100) stoo

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TALUKDER, K. A., B. K. KHAJANCHI, M. A. ISLAM, et al. "The emerging strains of Shigella dysenteriae type 2 in Bangladesh are clonal." Epidemiology and Infection 134, no. 6 (2006): 1249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268806006029.

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A total of 113 strains of Shigella dysenteriae type 2 isolated from patients attending the Dhaka diarrhoea treatment centre of ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research during the period 1999–2004 were studied. Serotype of the isolates was confirmed using commercially available antisera. Except for arabinose fermentation, all the strains had similar biochemical reactions. More than 60% of the strains were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics; only 6% (n=7) of the strains were resistant to nalidixic acid, and none of the strains were resistant to mecillinam and ciprofloxacin. All str

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Ledov, Vladimir A., Victor V. Romanenko, Marina E. Golovina, Biana I. Alkhazova, Alexander L. Kovalchuk, and Petr G. Aparin. "A Candidate Ac3-S-LPS Vaccine Against S. flexneri 1b, 2a, 3a, 6, and Y Activates Long-Lived Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses in Healthy Volunteers: Results of an Open-Label, Randomized 2 Clinical Trial." Vaccines 13, no. 3 (2025): 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13030209.

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Objectives: Determination of reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a pentavalent candidate vaccine against S. flexneri 1b, 2a, 3a, 6, and Y (PLVF). Methods: The study involved 80 healthy adult volunteers aged 18–55 years. Groups were subcutaneously immunized twice at a 30-day interval with 62.5 μg/0.5 mL or 125 μg/0.5 mL of the vaccine. Results: During the entire 8-month period of post-vaccination observation, the vaccine was well tolerated, with no local or systemic reactions detected objectively. The results of laboratory studies demonstrated no effect on the main indicators of hemogram, bioc

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Anelechi, Madubuike Stella, Mailafia Samuel Egwu O. Godwin, Olabode H. Olatunde, Momoh A.Habiba, Ode O. Julius, and Ramon-Yusuf S.Babatunde. "Phenotypic Identification of Citrobacter Isolates from Cloacal Swabs of Apparently Healthy Turtles at the River Banks in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (2022): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1111.014.

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Citrobacter species are opportunistic pathogens in humans that can lead to invasive disease, including infections of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, Central Nervous System, skin, and soft tissues. A total of 245 cloacal swab samples were collected from the cloaca of apparently healthy turtles and subjected to conventional biochemical tests. Presumptive identification on MacConkey Agar (MAC) and Xylose lysine deoxycholate agar (XLD) yielded 42.0% (103) on each medium, on Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB) yielded 21.6 % (53), and on Salmonella-Shigella agar yielded 9.8% (24) isolates while I

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Elenga-Wilson, Paola Sandra, Christian Aimé Kayath, Nicaise Saturnin Mokemiabeka, Stech Anomene Eckzechel Nzaou, Etienne Nguimbi, and Gabriel Ahombo. "Profiling of Indigenous Biosurfactant-Producing Bacillus Isolates in the Bioremediation of Soil Contaminated by Petroleum Products and Olive Oil." International Journal of Microbiology 2021 (September 16, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9565930.

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Petroleum is, up to this date, an inimitable nonrenewable energy resource. Petroleum leakage, which arises during transport, storage, and refining, is the most important contaminant in the environment, as it produces harm to the surrounding ecosystem. Bioremediation is an efficient method used to treat petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil using indigenous microorganisms. The degradation characteristics for a variety of hydrocarbons (hexane, benzene, gasoline, and diesel) were qualitatively and quantitatively investigated using Bacillus isolates. Microbiological and biochemical methods have

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Wang, Ying, Yanli Xu, Andrei V. Perepelov, et al. "Biochemical Characterization of dTDP-d-Qui4N and dTDP-d-Qui4NAc Biosynthetic Pathways in Shigella dysenteriae Type 7 and Escherichia coli O7." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 23 (2007): 8626–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00777-07.

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ABSTRACT O-antigen variation due to the presence of different types of sugars and sugar linkages is important for the survival of bacteria threatened by host immune systems. The O antigens of Shigella dysenteriae type 7 and Escherichia coli O7 contain 4-(N-acetylglycyl)amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose (d-Qui4NGlyAc) and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose (d-Qui4NAc), respectively, which are sugars not often found in studied polysaccharides. In this study, we characterized the biosynthetic pathways for dTDP-d-Qui4N and dTDP-d-Qui4NAc (the nucleotide-activated precursors of d-Qui4NGlyAc and d-Qui4NAc

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