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Journal articles on the topic 'Shigella flexneri treatment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Bai, Xiangyang, Xuejiao Li, Xue Liu, et al. "Antibacterial Effect of Eugenol on Shigella flexneri and Its Mechanism." Foods 11, no. 17 (2022): 2565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11172565.

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Shigella flexneri (Sh. flexneri), which can be found in food and the environment, is a widespread food-borne pathogen that causes human diarrhea termed “shigellosis”. In this study, eugenol, a natural active substance, was investigated for its antibacterial activity against Sh. flexneri. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of eugenol against Sh. flexneri ATCC 12022 was 0.5 and 0.8 mg/mL. The growth curves and inhibitory effect in LB broth, PBS, vegetable juice, and minced pork showed that eugenol had a good activity against Sh. flexneri. Rese

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Noubissi, Paul Aimé, Michel Archange Fokam Tagne, Gaëtan Olivier Fankem, Joseph Ngakou Mukam, Henri Wambe, and René Kamgang. "Effects of Crinum jagus Water/Ethanol Extract on Shigella flexneri-Induced Diarrhea in Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (March 12, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9537603.

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Diarrheal disease, characterized by the release of more than three loose or liquid stools per day, remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children below 5 years of age in developing countries. Many drugs used in diarrhea management face contraindication and, with regard to infectious diarrhea, resistance of some bacterial strains; this therefore increases the need of new alternative and more effective drugs. This study aimed to evaluate anti-Shigella flexneri activities of Crinum jagus water/ethanol extract. In vitro activities were assayed by disc diffusion and agar d

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Clark, Christina S., and Anthony T. Maurelli. "Shigella flexneri Inhibits Staurosporine-Induced Apoptosis in Epithelial Cells." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 5 (2007): 2531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01866-06.

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ABSTRACT Shigella flexneri is a facultative intracellular organism that causes bacillary dysentery. The Shigella IpaB protein activates caspase 1 in macrophages, which eventually leads to apoptosis. In contrast, epithelial cells infected with Shigella undergo a stress response but do not die. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if Shigella has the ability to inhibit apoptosis in epithelial cells. A modified gentamicin protection assay was used to investigate if HeLa cells infected with S. flexneri are able to resist the induction of apoptosis following treatment with 4 μM o

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4

Subramani, Parimala, Bharathi Ramachandra, Beena Pavangada Madappa, and Arvind Natarajan. "Speciation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Shigella isolates in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital, Kolar." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 16, no. 1 (2022): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.16.1.16.

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Shigellosis is the most important cause of bacillary dysentery. It’s a major public health problem. It is endemic in many developing countries resulting in a significant amount of mortality and morbidity. The incidence is 90 million with 6,00,000 deaths world over. In India, there is an emergence of resistance to Shigella resulting in limitation of treatment. To study the prevalence of Shigella species and their antibiogram in stool samples obtained from patients treated for dysentery at Rural Tertiary Care Hospital. A retrospective analysis of the Shigella isolates obtained from 400 stool sam

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Zakir Hossain, A. K. M., Md Zahid Hasan, Sohana Akter Mina, Nahid Sultana, and A. M. Masudul Azad Chowdhury. "Occurrence of shigellosis in pediatric diarrheal patients in Chattogram, Bangladesh: A molecular based approach." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (2023): e0275353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275353.

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Shigellaa Gram-negative, non-motile bacillus, is the primary causative agent of the infectious disease shigellosis, which kills 1.1 million people worldwideevery year. The children under the age of five are primarily the victims of this disease. This study has been conducted to assess the prevalence of shigellosis through selective plating, biochemical test and conventional PCR assays, where the samples were collected from suspected diarrheoal patients. Invasive plasmid antigen H (ipaH) and O-antigenic rfc gene were used to identify Shigella spp. and S. flexneri respectively. For validation of

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Piryaei, Masoumeh, Anahita Motamedi, and Atefeh Mehrabi Far. "Investigation of Intestinal Enzyme Activity and Effects of Non-starch Polysaccharide on it." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.7 (2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.7.20372.

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Background and Purpose: Shigella is a human shigellosis and its lipopolysaccharide is identified by 4TLR. The 4TLR is a family of pseudo-TOLL receptors and many immune routes are triggered by stimulating these receptors. Many studies show increasing of 4TLR expression in Mesenchyme stem cells under the influence of lipopolysaccharide. The main objective of this study was to identify the appropriate lipopolysaccharide of Shigella strains by stimulating the immune system for vaccine studies. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the stem cell of human Mesenchymal derived from bone m

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Shireen, Tasnina, Mahfuzur R. Sarker, and Zia U. Ahmed. "Studies on transformation in Shigella." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 5 (1990): 348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m90-060.

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Transformation of pBR322 DNA into Shigella occurred at a low frequency. The efficiency of transformation was highest in S. dysenteriae 1 and lowest in S. flexneri. Treatment of cells with CaCl2 for a prolonged period (24 h) increased the efficiency of transformation in all strains, except in S. flexneri, where transformation efficiency could not be improved by a variety of manipulations. Transformation efficiency did not increase in any of the strains when transformation was carried out with plasmid DNA obtained from a transformant (homologous transformation), suggesting the absence of a stron

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8

Guyot, A. "Antibiotic Resistance of Shigella in Monrovia." Tropical Doctor 26, no. 2 (1996): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559602600209.

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Twenty Shigella strains were isolated from bloody stools, of which 10 had been collected from children. Eighty per cent of the Shigella isolates were serogrouped as S. flexneri. All 20 Shigella strains were susceptible to gentamicin, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. More than 80% were resistant to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and tetracycline and 65% were resistant to chloramphenicol. Ten of 20 Shigella isolates showed a quadruple resistance to all four antibiotics. The usefulness of nalidixic acid for the treatment of multiresistant Shigella infections is discussed.

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9

Fu, Hua, Wenchuan Leng, Jing Wang, et al. "Transcriptional profile induced by furazolidone treatment of Shigella flexneri." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 77, no. 3 (2007): 657–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-007-1180-9.

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Kurakin, E. S. "Bacteriophage use in the focus of hospital-acquired shigellosis." Kazan medical journal 98, no. 6 (2017): 917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2017-917.

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Aim. Evaluation of epidemiologic effectiveness of polyvalent dysentery bacteriophage use for management of infection outbreak caused by Shigella flexneri. Methods. Investigation was performed in Tula psychoneurological hospital where the persistent focus of shigellosis was formed by Sh. flexneri 2a. As part of the study, evaluation of efficacy of antibacterial treatment (ciprofloxacin 250 mg per day for 7 days - group 1) was performed by evaluating duration of bacterial excretion in 18 patients with mild, 21 with moderate and 2 with severe Shigella infection. At the same time efficacy of Shige

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11

Watarai, Masahisa, Yoichi Kamata, Shunji Kozaki, and Chihiro Sasakawa. "rho, a Small GTP-Binding Protein, Is Essential for Shigella Invasion of Epithelial Cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 185, no. 2 (1997): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.185.2.281.

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Shigella, the causative agents of bacillary dysentery, are capable of invading mammalian cells that are not normally phagocytic. Uptake of bacteria by the mammalian cells is directed by bacterial factors named IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD invasins, in which Ipa invasins secreted into the bacterial environment can interact with α5β1 integrin. We report here that Shigella invasion of epithelial cells requires rho activity, a ras-related GTP-binding protein. The invasive capacity of Shigella flexneri for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and other epithelial cells were greatly reduced when treated with C

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12

Kunstmann, Sonja, Tom Scheidt, Saskia Buchwald, et al. "Bacteriophage Sf6 Tailspike Protein for Detection of Shigella flexneri Pathogens." Viruses 10, no. 8 (2018): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10080431.

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Bacteriophage research is gaining more importance due to increasing antibiotic resistance. However, for treatment with bacteriophages, diagnostics have to be improved. Bacteriophages carry adhesion proteins, which bind to the bacterial cell surface, for example tailspike proteins (TSP) for specific recognition of bacterial O-antigen polysaccharide. TSP are highly stable proteins and thus might be suitable components for the integration into diagnostic tools. We used the TSP of bacteriophage Sf6 to establish two applications for detecting Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri), a highly contagious pat

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13

Binkhamis, Khalifa, Sarah Alangari, Fatema Juma, et al. "Shigella flexneri Outbreak at a Rehabilitation Center: First Report from Saudi Arabia." Healthcare 13, no. 9 (2025): 971. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13090971.

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Background: Shigella flexneri is a major cause of shigellosis in developing regions and is known to cause outbreaks in institutional settings. Transmission occurs via the fecal–oral route. It invades intestinal epithelial cells, causing diarrhea, systemic symptoms, and complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome. This study aimed to characterize the clinical presentation, administered treatment, infection outcomes, and infection control measures during a local S. flexneri outbreak at a rehabilitation center. Methods: This case series at King Saud University Medical City (Oct–Dec 2024) inve

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Philpott, Dana J., Jonathan D. Edgeworth, and Philippe J. Sansonetti. "The pathogenesis of Shigella flexneri infection: lessons from in vitro and in vivo studies." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1397 (2000): 575–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0599.

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Shigella flexneri is a Gram–negative facultatively intracellular pathogen responsible for bacillary dysentery in humans. More than one million deaths occur yearly due to infections with Shigella spp. and the victims are mostly children of the developing world. The pathogenesis of Shigella centres on the ability of this organism to invade the colonic epithelium where it induces severe mucosal inflammation. Much information that we have gained concerning the pathogenesis of Shigella has been derived from the study of in vitro models of infection. Using these techniques, a number of the molecular

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Selvam, Dharshini, Nor Ismaliza Mohd Ismail, and Michelle Y. T. Ng. "Potential of a novel and thermostable recombinant phage endolysin of Escherichia phage KW1E_UTAR against Shigella spp." E3S Web of Conferences 603 (2025): 01015. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202560301015.

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Shigella causes millions of cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths annually, mainly affecting children in impoverished countries. Shigellosis outbreaks have been linked to waterborne transmission, and chlorination is commonly used to disinfect water. However, the emergence of chlorine-resistant Shigella spp. is a concern. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an alternative antibacterial agent such as endolysin against the Shigella spp. In this study, the Escherichia phage KW1E_UTAR gene encoding for endolysin was successfully cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli pET-28a. The purified

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Bengtsson, Rebecca J., Adam J. Simpkin, Caisey V. Pulford, et al. "Pathogenomic analyses of Shigella isolates inform factors limiting shigellosis prevention and control across LMICs." Nature Microbiology 7, no. 2 (2022): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-021-01054-z.

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AbstractShigella spp. are the leading bacterial cause of severe childhood diarrhoea in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), are increasingly antimicrobial resistant and have no widely available licenced vaccine. We performed genomic analyses of 1,246 systematically collected shigellae sampled from seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia as part of the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) between 2007 and 2011, to inform control and identify factors that could limit the effectiveness of current approaches. Through contemporaneous comparison among major subgroups, we found t

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Jalili, Mahsa, Mansour Amraei, Nourkhoda Sadeghifard, and Sobhan Ghafourian. "Evaluation of Biofilm Formation and Anti-biofilm Properties of Peganum Harmala and Crocus Sativus in Shigella Flexneri Clinical Isolates." Open Microbiology Journal 13, no. 1 (2019): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801913010297.

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Background: Biofilm formation causes many serious problems in the treatment of bacterial infections. In addition, chronic infections due to biofilm formation can pose a huge burden to the health care systems. Also, many bacteria are biofilm producers as an important strategy for pathogenicity. Furthermore, the traditional use of herbal medicines such as Peganum harmala and Crocus sativus in Iran is interesting. Objective: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the biofilm formation in Shigella flexneri clinical isolates and to evaluate the anti-biofilm properties of P. harmala and

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Duménil, G., J. C. Olivo, S. Pellegrini, M. Fellous, P. J. Sansonetti та G. Tran Van Nhieu. "Interferon α Inhibits a Src-mediated Pathway Necessary for Shigella-induced Cytoskeletal Rearrangements in Epithelial Cells". Journal of Cell Biology 143, № 4 (1998): 1003–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.143.4.1003.

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Shigella flexneri, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, has the ability to enter nonphagocytic cells. The interferon (IFN) family of cytokines was found to inhibit Shigella invasion of cultured epithelial cells. We show here that IFN-α inhibits a Src-dependent signaling cascade triggered by Shigella that leads to the reorganization of the host cell cytoskeleton. Immunofluorescence studies showed that IFN-α inhibits Shigella-induced actin polymerization required for bacterial entry into cells. Phosphorylation of cortactin, a Src-substrate specifically tyrosyl-phosphorylated during Shigel

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Parajuli, Pawan, Bui Quang Minh, and Naresh K. Verma. "Newly Emerged Serotype 1c of Shigella flexneri: Multiple Origins and Changing Drug Resistance Landscape." Genes 11, no. 9 (2020): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11091042.

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Bacillary dysentery caused by Shigella flexneri is a major cause of under-five mortality in developing countries, where a novel S. flexneri serotype 1c has become very common since the 1980s. However, the origin and diversification of serotype 1c remain poorly understood. To understand the evolution of serotype 1c and their antimicrobial resistance, we sequenced and analyzed the whole-genome of 85 clinical isolates from the United Kingdom, Egypt, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Japan belonging to serotype 1c and related serotypes of 1a, 1b and Y/Yv. We identified up to three distinct O-antigen modify

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Taylor, David N., Robin McKenzie, Anna Durbin, Colleen Carpenter, Robert Haake, and A. Louis Bourgeois. "Systemic Pharmacokinetics of Rifaximin in Volunteers with Shigellosis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 3 (2007): 1179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01108-07.

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ABSTRACT Rifaximin is an oral antibiotic indicated for treatment of traveler's diarrhea. Rifaximin pharmacokinetics were evaluated in individuals challenged with Shigella flexneri. Peak plasma rifaximin concentrations were low after nine consecutive doses, and no accumulation was observed. Rifaximin serum levels were minimal and similar to those previously reported in studies of healthy volunteers.

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Thapa, Kabi, Balkrishna Bhattachan, Raja Ram Gurung, Archana Katuwal, and Jagat Bahadur Khadka. "Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Shigella spp. Among Gastroenteritis Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital in Pokhara, Nepal." Nepal Journal of Biotechnology 5, no. 1 (2017): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njb.v5i1.18865.

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Shigellosis, a disease caused by Shigella species. It is a major public health problem in developing nations like Nepal, where communities having poverty; poor sanitation, personal hygiene, and water supplies. The main aim of our study is to isolate and identify Shigella spp. from gastroenteritis patients and to find out its drug resistance pattern.A cross-sectional study was carried out based on routinely attending outpatients and inpatients. A total of 225 stool samples collected from gastroenteritis patients were processed from 20 April to 24 September 2014 in Western Regional Hospital, Pok

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Odiyo, John Ogony, Mashudu Maxwell Mathoni, and Rachel Makungo. "Health Risks and Potential Sources of Contamination of Groundwater Used by Public Schools in Vhuronga 1, Limpopo Province, South Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (2020): 6912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186912.

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Public schools in most rural areas of South Africa depend on untreated groundwater due to unreliable water supply by the municipalities. This has the potential to cause water-related health problems to school children. Temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured in situ. Chemical (fluoride, chloride, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and potassium) and microbial (Escherichia coliform (E. coli), Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella flexneri) water quality parameters were analysed in groundwater samples from 10 public schools in Vhuronga 1 to determine

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Mandomando, Inácio, Dinis Jaintilal, Maria J. Pons, et al. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Mechanisms of Resistance in Shigella and Salmonella Isolates from Children under Five Years of Age with Diarrhea in Rural Mozambique." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 6 (2009): 2450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01282-08.

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ABSTRACT The antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance of 109 Shigella and 40 Salmonella isolates from children with diarrhea in southern Mozambique were assessed. The susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents was tested by disk diffusion, and mechanisms of resistance were searched by PCR or colorimetric method. A high proportion of Shigella isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol (Chl) (52%), ampicillin (Amp) (56%), tetracycline (Tet) (66%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Sxt) (84%). Sixty-five percent of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Shigella flexneri isola

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Bolla, P. A., A. G. Abraham, P. F. Pérez, and M. de los Angeles Serradell. "Kefir-isolated bacteria and yeasts inhibit Shigella flexneri invasion and modulate pro-inflammatory response on intestinal epithelial cells." Beneficial Microbes 7, no. 1 (2016): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2015.0061.

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The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of a kefir-isolated microbial mixture containing three bacterial and two yeast strains (MM) to protect intestinal epithelial cells against Shigella flexneri invasion, as well as to analyse the effect on pro-inflammatory response elicited by this pathogen. A significant decrease in S. flexneri strain 72 invasion was observed on both HT-29 and Caco-2 cells pre-incubated with MM. Pre-incubation with the individual strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae CIDCA 8112 or Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CIDCA 8221 also reduced the internalisation of S. flexne

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Parajuli, Narayan Prasad, Govardhan Joshi, Bashu Dev Pardhe, et al. "Shigellosis Caused by CTX-M Type ESBL Producing Shigella flexneri in Two Siblings of Rural Nepal: First Case Report from the Country." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1862320.

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Shigellosis is an acute infectious disease characterized as severe bloody diarrhea (dysentery) and is accountable for a significant burden of morbidity and mortality especially in children under the age of 5 years. Antimicrobial therapy is required in the cases of severe dysentery associated with Shigella. However, emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Shigella spp. over the last two decades has restricted the use of common therapeutic antimicrobials. In MDR strains, the third-generation cephalosporins have been used for the treatment, but, unfortunately, emerging reports of enzyme

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Nguelo Talla, Audrey Carrel, Eugénie Aimée Madiesse Kemgne, Vincent Ngouana, et al. "Anti-Shigellosis Activity and Mechanisms of Action of Extracts from Diospyros gilletii Stem Bark." Drugs and Drug Candidates 3, no. 1 (2024): 256–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ddc3010015.

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Shigellosis is a pathological condition that affects the digestive system and possibly causes diarrhoea. Shigella species, which are responsible for this disease, are highly contagious and spread through contaminated food and water. The increasing development of resistance by Shigella species necessitates the urgent need to search for new therapies against diarrhoea-causing shigellosis. The scientific validation of medicinal plants, such as Diospyros gilletii, which is used for the traditional treatment of diarrhoeal conditions is worthwhile. The present study aims to investigate the antibacte

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Navia, Margarita M., Liliana Capitano, Joaquin Ruiz, et al. "Typing and Characterization of Mechanisms of Resistance ofShigella spp. Isolated from Feces of Children under 5 Years of Age from Ifakara, Tanzania." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 10 (1999): 3113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.10.3113-3117.1999.

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Eighty-six strains of Shigella spp. were isolated during the dry season from stool samples of children under 5 years of age in Ifakara, Tanzania. The epidemiological relationship as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and co-trimoxazole were investigated. Four different epidemiological tools, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR, plasmid analysis, and antibiogram, were compared for typing Shigella strains. Seventy-eight (90%) strains were Shigella flexneri and were distributed into

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Gershman, Melanie L., and Judith Simms-Cendan. "Vaginal bleeding in prepubertal females: a case of Shigella vaginitis and review of literature." BMJ Case Reports 15, no. 8 (2022): e251303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-251303.

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Shigella vulvovaginitis is an uncommon aetiology of prepubertal vaginal bleeding that should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially in patients who have travelled to developing countries. A young girl presented with prepubertal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, occasional dysuria and no gastrointestinal symptoms. After a year-long extensive workup, including vaginoscopy and biopsy, genital culture and Gram stain revealed vulvovaginitis due to Shigella flexneri. After review of bacterial sensitivity, the patient was given a 30-day course of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The patie

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Koterski, James F., Massoumeh Nahvi, Malabi M. Venkatesan, and Beatrice Haimovich. "Virulent Shigella flexneri Causes Damage to Mitochondria and Triggers Necrosis in Infected Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 1 (2005): 504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.1.504-513.2005.

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ABSTRACT Shigella flexneri is a gram-negative bacterium that causes bacillary dysentery in humans that is characterized by an acute inflammatory response of the colon. The fate of phagocytes that are infected in vitro with virulent Shigella has been the subject of some investigation and debate. In this study we found that virulent Shigella caused a rapid increase in the cell membrane permeability of infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) but not in the cell membrane permeability of monocytes, as demonstrated by the uptake of fluorescent vital dyes. Within 2 h of infection, 59% ± 6%

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Cater, Kathryn, Ryszard Międzybrodzki, Vera Morozova, et al. "Potential for Phages in the Treatment of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections." Antibiotics 10, no. 9 (2021): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10091030.

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Bacterial sexually transmitted infections (BSTIs) are becoming increasingly significant with the approach of a post-antibiotic era. While treatment options dwindle, the transmission of many notable BSTIs, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum, continues to increase. Bacteriophage therapy has been utilized in Poland, Russia and Georgia in the treatment of bacterial illnesses, but not in the treatment of bacterial sexually transmitted infections. With the ever-increasing likelihood of antibiotic resistance prevailing and the continuous transmission of BST

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Karami, Sahar, Zahra Heidary, Sepideh Khaleghi, Sarvenaz Falsafi, Mohammad karim Rahimi, and Shadi Hajrasouliha. "The Application of Spirulina platensis-Based Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Demonstrating Potent Anti-Shigella flexneri Effects." Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection 11, no. 3 (2024): 107–12. https://doi.org/10.34172/ajcmi.3532.

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Background: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Shigella flexneri, an important cause of Shigellosis, has led to extensive research to find alternative treatment approaches. Therefore, the current study investigated the antibacterial effects of the green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Spirulina platensis on S. flexneri and the expression of pathogenic genes ipaB, ipaD, ipaH, and qnrS. Methods: After synthesizing AgNPs using S. platensis, its antibacterial effects on S. flexneri were studied using the microdilution method with 96-well plates. In addition, to determi

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Popoola, O. D., B. T. Thomas, J. B. Folorunso, et al. "Widal antibody titre test versus blood culture; which is a better diagnostic for typhoid fever?" African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 23, no. 4 (2022): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v23i4.7.

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Background: The importance of accurate diagnosis of infectious diseases is central and crucial to the effectiveness of treatment and prevention of the associated long-term complications of such infections. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the accuracy of the Widal antibody titre test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever relative to the gold standard blood culture technique.Methodology: A total of 40 students attending the Olabisi Onabanjo University Health Services, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria on account of suspected typhoid fever by positive Widal test (≥ 1/80) and not o

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Mosquito, Susan, Gianina Zegarra, Claudia Villanueva, Joaquin Ruiz, and Theresa J. Ochoa. "Effect of bovine lactoferrin on the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole for clinical Shigella spp. strains1This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Lactoferrin and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 90, no. 3 (2012): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o11-066.

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Here, we determined the effect of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ampicillin and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole in Shigella . Using a microdilution method, the MIC was determined in the presence or absence of bovine lactoferrin (10 mg/mL) on 88 Shigella strains (56 Shigella flexneri , 15 Shigella boydii , 13 Shigella sonnei , and 4 Shigella dysenteriae ) previously isolated from peruvian children <2 years old. A fold change of 2 or more in MIC values was considered significant. For ampicillin, 67 (76%) strains were highly resistant; one-third of the

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Bose, Puja, Goutam Chowdhury, Gourab Halder, et al. "Prevalence and changing antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shigella spp. isolated from diarrheal patients in Kolkata during 2011–2019." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 18, no. 2 (2024): e0011964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011964.

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Background The primary aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of various Shigella serotypes isolated from patients with acute diarrhea of the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Kolkata from 2011–2019. Principal findings During the study period, Shigella isolates were tested for their serotypes, antibiotic resistance pattern and virulence gene profiles. A total of 5.8% of Shigella spp. were isolated, among which S. flexneri (76.1%) was the highest, followed by S. sonnei (18.7%), S. boydii (3.4%), and S. dysenteriae (1.8%). Antimi

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Afagnigni, Alian Désiré, Maximilienne Ascension Nyegue, Chantal Florentine Ndoye Foe, et al. "Antidiarrheal Activity of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (Melastomataceae) Leaf Extract in Wistar Rats and Subacute Toxicity Evaluation." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4038371.

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The present work was undertaken to evaluate antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (D. multiflora) on Shigella flexneri-induced diarrhea in Wistar rats and its subacute toxicity. Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 1.2 × 109 cells/mL S. flexneri to rats. Antidiarrheal activity was investigated in rats with the doses of 111.42 mg/kg, 222.84 mg/kg, and 445.68 mg/kg. The level of biochemical parameters was assessed and organs histology examined by 14 days’ subacute toxicity. S. flexneri stool load decreased significantly in dose-dependent ma

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Abd Al-Rahman, Thanaa R., Sabah A. Belal та Kifah A. Jasim. "Molecular characterization of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Shigella species isolated from patients with bacillary dysentery in Iraq". Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 55, № 3 (2013): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.553624.

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Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), including cefotaximases (CTX-M), mediate resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins and significantly compromise the treatment tools for Shigellosis. Objective: To determine the ESBLs production by Shigella spp. and its role in the resistance to third generation cephalosporins and to determine the occurrence of plasmid- borne blaCTX genes in ESBLS Shigella isolates by Multiplex PCR. Methods: Susceptibility of 59 clinical Shigella isolates was tested by disk diffusion method to six antimicrobial agents. Presence of ESBLs was es

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Islam, Dilara, Nattaya Ruamsap, Rawiwan Imerbsin, et al. "Bioactivity and efficacy of a hyperimmune bovine colostrum product- Travelan, against shigellosis in a non-Human primate model (Macaca mulatta)." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (2023): e0294021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294021.

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Infectious diarrhea is a World Health Organization public health priority area due to the lack of effective vaccines and an accelerating global antimicrobial resistance crisis. New strategies are urgently needed such as immunoprophylactic for prevention of diarrheal diseases. Hyperimmune bovine colostrum (HBC) is an established and effective prophylactic for infectious diarrhea. The commercial HBC product, Travelan® (Immuron Ltd, Australia) targets multiple strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is highly effective in preventing diarrhea in human clinical studies. Although Travelan

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Rumer, Isabella, Lilla Tóth, Annelie Wohlert, et al. "Repurposing of Furin Inhibitors to Reduce Pathogenic E. coli- and Shigella flexneri-Induced Cytotoxicity, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mammalian Epithelial Cells." Antibiotics 14, no. 5 (2025): 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14050431.

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Background/Objectives: Enterobacteriaceae, including pathogenic Shigella (S.) flexneri and Escherichia (E.) coli, cause severe gastrointestinal infections through toxins like Shiga and Shiga-like toxins. Antibiotic use is often discouraged due to its potential to increase toxin effects or contribute to the development of resistance. The host protease furin is capable of activating several viral glycoproteins and bacterial toxins, thus enhancing pathogen infectivity. Methods: To assess the therapeutic potential of furin inhibitors, cultured epithelial cell models (IPEC-J2 and MDCK) were used. T

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Durand, Jérôme M. B., and Glenn R. Björk. "Metabolic control through ornithine and uracil of epithelial cell invasion by Shigella flexneri." Microbiology 155, no. 8 (2009): 2498–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.028191-0.

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This paper shows that compounds in defined growth media strongly influence the expression of the effectors of virulence in the human invasive pathogen Shigella flexneri. Ornithine in conjunction with uracil reduces the haemolytic ability of wild-type cultures more than 20-fold and the expression of the type III secretion system more than 8-fold, as monitored by an mxiC : : lacZ transcriptional reporter. mxiC gene expression is further decreased by the presence of methionine or branched-chain amino acids (15-fold or 25-fold at least, respectively). Lysine and a few other aminated metabolites (c

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Okoye, Elochukwu Chidubem Sunday, Nnachetam Anthony Egudu, Nwamaka Anthonia Dibua, and Lydia Chidimma Okoye. "Seasonal Variation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteriological Parameters in Groundwater Sources in Oyi LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria." Journal of Advances in Microbiology 24, no. 5 (2024): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i5825.

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Potable water is essential for health and survival of all life forms. Contamination of groundwater sources by microbes, organic and inorganic matter has continued to negatively affect the well-being of most people in developing countries such as Nigeria. Thus, this study aimed to determine the seasonal variation and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteriological parameters in groundwater sources in Oyi LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria. Hand-dug well and borehole water sites were randomly selected in five communities of Oyi LGA, and water samples were aseptically collected and analyzed using

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Basnet, Bishal, Dhirendra Niroula, Jyoti Acharya, and Shaila Basnyat. "Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Shigella spp. Isolated from Patients Suspected of Acute Gastroenteritis." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 26, no. 2 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v26i2.41261.

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Shigellosis, an intestinal infection caused by Shigella species, is manifested by bloody diarrhea. Due to the surge in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Shigella species, the control of shigellosis has been a big challenge. This study aims to determine the prevalence and assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Shigella species. During our study period of five months from April 2014 to August 2014 at Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Teku, Kathmandu, a total of 653 stool samples were collected from the patients suspected of acute gastroenteritis. The standard microbiological pr

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Mantis, Nicholas, Stephen Forbes, Jayaleka Amarasinghe, Richelle Reid, Chae Gyu Park, and Blaise Corthesy. "Secretory IgA: coordinating the capture and sampling of enteric pathogens (161.20)." Journal of Immunology 186, no. 1_Supplement (2011): 161.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.161.20.

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Abstract Secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies directed against the O-antigen (O-Ag) component of lipopolysaccharide are the primary determinants of mucosal immunity to enteric bacterial pathogens, such as Shigella flexneri and Salmonella enteric serovar Typhimurium. In this report, we demonstrate that monoclonal IgA Abs against the O-Ag are effective inhibitors of the bacterial type 3 secretion systems (T3SS) required for bacterial entry into intestinal epithelial cells. While these Abs did not affect bacterial viability, they did transiently de-energize both S. flexneri and S. Typhimurium, possibl

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CHEN, HAIQIANG, DONGSHENG GUAN, and DALLAS G. HOOVER. "Sensitivities of Foodborne Pathogens to Pressure Changes." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 1 (2006): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.1.130.

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Eight foodborne pathogens were suspended in ultrahigh-temperature whole milk and treated at pressure levels of 0.1 to 690 MPa at 21.5°C for 10 min. There was no clear trend in pressure resistance between gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. The order of the single strains tested, from most to least pressure sensitive, was Vibrio parahaemolyticus &lt; Yersinia enterocolitica &lt; Listeria monocytogenes &lt; Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium &lt; S. enterica serovar Enteritidis &lt; Escherichia coli O157:H7 ≃ Staphylococcus aureus &lt; Shigella flexneri. For e

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MacLennan, Calman A., Mark S. Riddle, Wilbur H. Chen, et al. "Consensus Report on Shigella Controlled Human Infection Model: Clinical Endpoints." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Supplement_8 (2019): S591—S595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz891.

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Abstract The Shigella controlled human infection model (CHIM) is valuable for assessing candidate Shigella vaccine efficacy and potentially accelerating regulatory approval. The Shigella CHIM is currently being conducted at 3 sites in the United States using Shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457T and Shigella sonnei strain 53G. Shigellosis can present variably as watery diarrhea alone or with dysentery, and can be accompanied by manifestations including fever, abdominal cramps, tenesmus, and malaise. For comparability, it is important to harmonize the primary clinical endpoint. An expert working gr

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Coconnier, M. H., V. Liévin, M. F. Bernet-Camard, S. Hudault, and A. L. Servin. "Antibacterial effect of the adhering human Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 41, no. 5 (1997): 1046–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.41.5.1046.

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The spent culture supernatant of the human Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB produces an antibacterial activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. It decreased the in vitro viability of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. In contrast, it did not inhibit lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. The activity was heat stable and relatively sensitive to enzymatic treatments and developed under acidic conditions. The

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GEORGAKOPOULOU, T., G. MANDILARA, K. MELLOU, et al. "Resistant Shigella strains in refugees, August–October 2015, Greece." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 11 (2016): 2415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881600100x.

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SUMMARYShigellosis is endemic in most developing countries and thus a known risk in refugees and internally displaced persons. In 2015, a massive influx of refugees into Greece, due to the political crisis in the Middle East, led to the development of appropriate conditions for outbreaks of communicable diseases as shigellosis. We present a cluster of 16 shigellosis cases in refugees, detected by the implementation of a syndromic notification system in one transit centre in Athens, between 20 August and 7 October 2015. Both Shigella flexneri (n = 8) and S. sonnei (n = 8) were identified, distr

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Harnett, N. "High level resistance to trimethoprim, cotrimoxazole and other antimicrobial agents among clinical isolates of Shigella species in Ontario, Canada – an update." Epidemiology and Infection 109, no. 3 (1992): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800050457.

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SUMMARYA total of 598 isolates of Shigella species (24 S. dysenteriae, 254 S. flexneri, 30 S. boydii, 290 S. sonnei) submitted to the Ontario Public Health Laboratories in 1990 were tested for their susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents by the agar dilution method. Overall 79·6% of isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents and 52·0% were resistant to four or more. Trimethoprim resistance ranged from 26·7% among isolates of S. boydii to 39·4% among S. flexneri strains. The majority of the 224 TMP resistant isolates (88·8%) demonstrated high level resistance (MIC > 1000

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Nyegue, Maximilienne Ascension, Alian Désiré Afagnigni, Youchahou Njankouo Ndam, Steve Valdi Djova, Marie Christine Fonkoua, and François-Xavier Etoa. "Toxicity and Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Paullinia pinnata Linn (Sapindaceae) in Shigella flexneri–Induced Diarrhea in Wistar Rats." Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine 25 (January 1, 2020): 2515690X1990088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515690x19900883.

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Herbal products from Paullinia pinnata Linn are widely used in African folk medicine to treat several infectious diseases. Although the extracts from this plant has been shown to possess antimicrobial potential, their activity in infectious diarrhea is less reported. Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 1.2 × 109 CFU/mL of Shigella flexneri to the rats. The infected rats were treated for 5 days with the doses of 111.42, 222.84, and 445.68 mg/kg of P pinnata. The level of biochemical parameters was assessed and histology of organs examined by 14 days subacute toxicity. S flexneri stoo

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Alsalmi, Asma Ahmed Sulaiman, Said A. Al-Busafi, Ruwaida Naseer Abdullah AL-Lamki, and Mohamed Mabruk. "The Ecology and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Gastrointestinal Tract Infections in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Oman." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 3 (2021): 1634–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.3.60.

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A wide range of gastrointestinal (GI) illnesses is caused by foodborne bacteria that can arise from either a direct bacterial infection or bacterial toxin ingestion. The treatment of these infections has been hampered by the appearance of resistant strains. This current study aims to investigate the prevalence of Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) infections in Omani patients and their resistance pattern against commonly used antibiotics. Seven hundred and ninety fresh stool samples were obtained from Omani patients attending Sultan Qaboos University Hospital with GI manifestation from the 1st of Ju

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Sukmawati, Ika Kurnia, Elin Yulinah Sukandar, and Neng Fisheri Kurniati. "Aktivitas Antidiare Daun Harendong (Malestoma malabathricum L)." Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research 2, no. 1 (2020): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37311/jsscr.v2i1.2674.

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Diarrhea still become main health problem especially in several developing countries including Indonesia. Hharendong leaf have been used by people traditionally as the treatment of various Gastrointestinal tract disorders including diarrhea. The purpose of this study was tested antidiarrhea and antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions of the three selected plants. The extraction was conducted using reflux method with ethanol 96% as solvent. Extract was fractinated by liquid-liquid extraction methods using n-hexane and ethylacetate solvents gradually. Antimicrobial activity assays was p

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