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Jian, Xiaobin. "Spatialization in the Shiji /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148775991476019.
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Cuellar, Eduardo, and Eduardo Cuellar. "Tokugawa Zen Master Shidō Munan." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621441.
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Shidō Munan (至道無難, 1602-1676) was an early Tokugawa Zen master mostly active in Edo. He was the teacher of Shōju Rōjin, who is in turn considered the main teacher of Hakuin Ekaku. He is best known for the phrase that one must“die while alive,”made famous by D.T. Suzuki. Other than this, his work has not been much analyzed, nor his thought placed into the context of the early Tokugawa period he inhabited. It is the aim of this work to analyze some of the major themes in his writings, the Jishōki (自性記), Sokushinki (即心記), Ryūtakuji ShozōHōgo (龍沢寺所蔵法語), and the Dōka (道歌). Special attention is paid to his views on Neo-Confucianism, Pure Land thought, and Shinto- traditions which can be shown through their prevalence in his writings to have placed Zen on the defensive during this time period. His teachings on death are also expanded on and analyzed, as well as some of the other common themes in his writing, such as his teachings on kōan practice and advice for monastics. In looking at these themes, it is possible to both compare and contrast him from some of his better-known contemporaries, such as Bankei and Suzuki Shōsan. Additionally, selected passages from his writings are offered in translation.
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Zheng, Xiucai, and Xiucai Zheng. "A Comparison of the Representations of Women in Zuozhuan and Shiji." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12471.
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From Chunqiu and Zuozhuan to Shiji, women have experienced a downgrade of their formal status in historical records. In Shiji, women, the wives of dukes, lost their formal equality with their duke husbands in terms of being written into state history, as we see in Chunqiu. Their activities, including marriage, returning home, visits, and death, disappeared from Sima Qian’s history for the Spring and Autumn period, which focuses on the activities of male members of ruling lineages. A positive representation of women’s wisdom, eloquence, and authority is no longer in the interest of nor taken as a ritual part of history writing in Shiji.
In the terms of representation of women, especially those from the Spring and Autumn period, in Zuozhuan and Shiji, Zuozhuan gave fuller representation of women than Shiji and its attitude toward women was more positive in comparison to the latter. First, Zuozhuan in many examples presented women as having authority, agency and initiative; in the Shiji versions of these stories, the roles of women were reduced in order to strengthen the agency of and focalization through the male members of a ruling lineage toward a goal of a linear logic of succession. Second, Shiji stressed the disruptive role of women in state affairs by intensively preserving the stories in Zuozhuan that associated women with political disasters and emergencies. Third, Zuozhuan had a non-gendered approach to the effect of women’s wisdom, knowledge and eloquence; it left space for complexity of characterization for women. In contrast, Shiji and Lienü Zhuan, where these stories in Zuozhuan were transmitted, emphasized a patterned understanding of women and produced gender role types.
With the representation of women in Shiji, the effect of the agency of women in history is patterned. In Shiji, women’s agency is more closely connected to political disasters and negative political situations. In the limited representation of positive heroines, their good roles came from their virtue in being self-restrictive and submissive. It implies as a historical teaching in Shiji that the limitation of the political autonomy of women is a way to promise the success of lineage and tradition.
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Xiong, Yuxiang <1986>. "I rapporti tra i cinesi e i barbari nello Shiji." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4746.
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La maggiore parte della tesi è la traduzione della monografia di Ferghana 大宛Dayuan.Inoltre ci sono i commenti sulla costruzione e i lessici e gli analisi sulla frontiera cinese e sui rapporti tra gli Han e i barbari cinese dalla Dinastia Han.
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Daniels, Benjamin. ""Yuewang Goujian Shijia": An Annotated Translation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293623.
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"Yuewang Goujian shijia," the forty-first chapter of the Shiji, is one of the most important sources for the history of the ancient state of Yue. However, this chapter has not received serious scholarly examination in the West. Unlike those chapters of the Shiji which have been translated in the Shiji translation project headed by William Nienhauser, "Yuewang Goujian shijia" has not yet been translated into English. This thesis provides an annotated translation of the "Yuewang Goujian shijia." In addition, it has been argued that the history of the Spring and Autumn period in the Shiji is a compilation of earlier sources. The introduction to the translation will specifically look at the relationship of the "Yuewang Goujian shijia" to one of its proposed sources, the "Yueyu xia," which is the twenty-first chapter of the Guoyu. In comparing these two texts, it will be shown that dependence cannot be definitely demonstrated.
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Hou, Shiji [Verfasser], Paul [Gutachter] Schulze-Lefert, and Ute [Gutachter] Höcker. "Root microbiota functions in mitigating abiotic and biotic stresses in Arabidopsis / Shiji Hou ; Gutachter: Paul Schulze-Lefert, Ute Höcker." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1231992778/34.
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張婉穎. "司馬遷 "史記" 儒禮初探 =A fundamental research of Sima Qian's Ruist Courtesy in Shiji." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953532.
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Kim, Hyun Jin. "Ethnicity and Foreigners in Ancient Greece and China: A comparative Analysis of the Histories of Herodotus and the Shiji of Sima Qian." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487125.
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This thesis is a comparative analysis of the representation of foreigners in Ancient Greece and China. It argues that Archaic and Classical Greece was an integral part of the wider Eastern Mediterranean and Near Eastern civilization and that this had a major impact on the ways in which the Greeks chose to represent foreigners in their literature. It also seeks to show that the Ancient Chinese of the Han dynasty were as assertive as the Greeks in claiming their ethnic superiority over non-Chinese, but concludes that, although the two cultures shared the same breadth and variety of prejudices towards outsiders, they, nonetheless, due to historical, political and cultural circumstances, chose to emphasize different categories of differentiation. Through the examination of the two principal texts chosen for the analysis, the Shiji and the Histories, and other primary sources, the thesis demonstrates the similarities and differences between the Greek and Han Chinese representations of foreigners, both nomadic and sedentary. It is observed that both the Chinese and the Greek representations of nomads are remarkably similar, reflecting the real, noticeable differences in material culture between the sedentary worlds of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Zhong Yuan (central China) on the one hand and the arid steppe world on the other. However, in contrast, it is observed that the Chinese and the Greeks differ markedly in their approach and attitudes towards their sedentary neighbours. It is noted that the most significant differentiating features identified by Chinese writers between the Zhong Guo (China) and the barbarian are always material culture and moral standards of behaviour, relating mainly to ritual practice. This, it is argued in the thesis, is a reflection of the cultural dominance ofthe Han empire in the East Asian region that saw no significant rivals emerge to challenge that ideologically sinocentric world order. In contrast, the Greeks, who were relative new-comers to the family of civilized ethne in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Near East and who were acutely conscious of the youth of their civilization vis-a.-vis the much older cultures of the Near East, chose to emphasize more subjective categories of differentiation to highlight their ethnic specificity and 'superiority' over their sedentary rivals.
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董月凱. ""史記" "者" 、"所"指稱研究探新 = The new research method on the reference to Zhe & Suo in Shiji." Thesis, University of Macau, 2004. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636630.
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Lee, Shung-wai. "Mixing narratives and commentaries reading the "Leizhuan" of Shiji = Xu shi yu yi lun zhi jian : "Shi ji" "Lei zhuan" de jie du /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4269453X.
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Cheng, Hai-hong, and 鄭海虹. "A resarch on Shiji Jinghualu." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3t343q.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
中國文學研究所
105
Shiji Jinghualu was one of the most wild spread selected works of Shiji in Qing Dynasty. The editor of Shiji Jinghualu, Zhu Tianshi, picked up the most wonderful narrative pieces in Shiji with some of the paragraphs cut. Besides, he wrote the so-called Pingdian, the commentaries that consist of comments attached closely to and in accordance with the text of Shiji. The Pingdian were detailed as well as insightful, which helped people understand and learn from Shiji. In the past few years, research of Shiji Jinghualu have increased significantly. However, most of them were articles focused on a single topic while systematic research was rather limited. What’s more, the identity of the editor was still an unsolved problem. The study explored the problem of the editor’s identity, and went into the Pingdian of Shiji Jinghualu, including the stylistic rules of the Pingdian, the literary criticism, the historical comments and the comparison with Mao Kun’s Shiji Chao. It aimed at gaining a better understanding of the Pingdian as well as Zhutianshi’s view points.
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林宗昱. "The Study of Destiny on Shiji." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06857380848773141453.
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郭世明. "The Study of Legalists on Shiji." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83655737340429099813.
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Lin, Pei-Yun, and 林沛筠. "Study on Proverbs And Ballads for Shiji." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2heq99.
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碩士國立臺南大學
國語文學系中國文學碩士在職專班
102
Shiji contains not only profound historical meanings but also deep literal emotions; sharp thoughts and active linguistic characteristics can also be shown within the content. In chaper II, how Sima Qian traveled around the country will be explicated, and what happened during that period of time will also be recorded. The source is objectively focused, and supported by the information of the folks, which not just makes Shiji a simple historical book, but establishes a kind of sociology that is closely attached to civilization development. Sima Qian quotes many ballads and proverbs in Shiji. The rise of ballads and proverbs is tightly related to the time, life experience of the folks, social customs and culture; its writing method is various with interesting materials and profound metaphors. This paper aims to research more about the ballads and proverbs quoted in Shiji. It will discuss about the political, economic, and social meanings ballads and proverbs imply, and will look further about the art and value of the literature present in them. In chapter III, the cultural meaning of ballads and proverbs will be explored. Language is an artificial communication tool for people to deliver their feelings towards life, and the orally pass-down ballads and proverbs are the vivid reflection presenting the will of the folks. Therefore, people are able to release their emotions through ballads and proverbs. The ballads and proverbs that Sima Qian quoted are all triggered by events – politics, lives, or changes; he implicates compliment and reprimand within while telling the history and depicting the characters. This chapter explores the relationship between ballads, proverbs and cultural meanings which include politics, economics, and society in Shiji. It will specifically show that Sima Qian centers ‘human’ in his faith, and also present his unique insights. The means of artistic expression of ballads and proverbs in Shiji will be discussed in chapter IV. Sima Qian composed Shiji in an extraordinary way which surpasses the norm of traditional history books. He used ballads and proverbs often, bringing strong softness into sentences and telling reasons out of them. The characters he depicted are vivid in images; the language he delivered is direct and interesting with true and real emotions. This chapter will analyze and explore the characteristics of the people he wrote about and the reasons he expressed, and then stands for how Shiji presents the power of linguistics art which brings people from each dynasty existing on the tracks of history to life. Folks are involved into the important progress of social development; orally pass-down ballads and proverbs are considered as the true feelings of people towards the environment they are living within. Last, this paper supports that the quoted ballads and proverbs in Shiji written by Sima Qian is actually under a well-planned idea. His long-term travelling along with his thoughts and life focusing on ‘human’ make the ballads and proverbs in Shiji rich in value and meaning based on history, literature, and society. Furthermore, it also expresses the sense of reality, softness, and critique in literature.
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McKay, Trever, and 余其濬. "Shiji and the Gongyang School of Thought." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99988240808509367426.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
中國文學研究所
96
Shiji is a monumental book of history from the early Han dynasty that covers more than 2,500 years of history. Sima Qian’s reasons for writing it find their beginnings in his dying father’s last wishes. In addition to this, Sima Tan’s views of Confucius and of a cyclical history also played a large role. At the time, the Gongyang school of thought arrived at a level of primary importance in the political arena, due to the research and use of it by such scholars as Huwu Sheng, Dong Zhongshu, and Gongsun Hong. In Shiji, Sima Qian repeatedly discusses and lauds Chunqiu. A look into his comments on it recorded in Shiji reveal that his understanding of Chunqiu is had through the Gongyang Commentary. That is to say, the Chunqiu discussed in Shiji is really Gongyang Chunqiu. Furthermore, it reveals that Sima Qian’s understanding of Gongyang Chunqiu bears many resemblances to that of Dong Zhongshu’s explanations of the Gongyang Commentary. Therefore, the paper is directed at addressing the Gongyang thought that is contained in Shiji, and exploring and analyzing the relationship between Shiji and the Gongyang Commentary. The aim is to give a conclusive explanation of why and how Sima Qian used Gongyang thought in his writing of Shiji.
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Huang, Yu-Shen, and 黃羽詵. "A Study on Li Jingxing’s Shiji Pingyi." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69728778280273347998.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
中國文學研究所
100
Li Jingxing’s Shiji Pingyi is his review and study of Sima Qian’s Shiji. Li analyzed the motifs and structure of every chapter of Shiji, Sima Qian’s comments on historical characters and events, and probed into the controversies over the disappearance of some part of Shiji and additional chapters written by later scholars. He also explored the content and the purpose of “Taishigong Yue.” Furthermore, he attempted to correct some errors in Shiji through the content of other records and books. Li Jingxing was an erudite scholar, as well as an enthusiastic educationist. He worked on the issues regarding Shiji that other scholars were interested in, and also pointed out the strengths of Shiji for scholars to learn and model, namely the way it narrates history and its value judgments. This study explores Li Jingxing’s analysis and review of Shiji, to find out what Li understood of Sima Qian’s purpose and how Li taught others to learn the methods of writing and narration from Shiji. It is hoped that this study will lead to a greater understanding of Shiji and Sima Qian and be able to outline Li Jingxing’s creative viewpoints and misunderstandings of Shiji.
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Yao, Po-Cheng, and 姚柏丞. "The study of Huang-Lao in shiji." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85095041622308867888.
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Hsu, Kai-Jung, and 許愷容. "The Study on “ Contemporary History Awareness” of Shiji." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fjmz96.
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博士國立臺灣大學
中國文學研究所
106
Shiji, the original name as The Records of the Historian, was the publication Si Ma Qian undertook this official responsibility handed down by his father and written on behalf of a historiographer. Si Ma Qian, inspired by Chun Qiu, further interpreted the purpose of ‘Studying the relationship between the universe and humanity, looking through the changes taken place from before to now, and the one forms a philosophy of his own.’. Under the prevalent background of interactions between the universe and mankind, the overall historical structure of Shiji, which mainly focused on human beings and incidents themselves as a series of biographies style, represented the inclination of Si Ma Qian’s choices. During the time of combining political affairs writing style and practical statecraft ideology in academia, Si Ma Qian also followed suit. This style reflected on his writing structure, which he emphasized more on the profound truth contained in subtle words and critical spirit as like Confucius had written Chun Qiu. While integrating the idea of determined resolution of writing from Qu Yuan, Si Ma Qian also absorbed the power from folktales and association. From the applications of recording proportion, overall layout, topic presentation, subtle speech, and connotation, Shiji specifically showed the history awareness of historiography, which its awareness paid more attention on contemporary history. Considering the above background, the researcher started from the century when Si Ma Qian was, his clan school, giant misfortune, and the contradiction of times to establish different aspects of his writing background, purpose, idea, style, structure, narration, and calligraphy. According to the processes of historical construction and interpretation, from Han Wu Dynasty (witness history) to whole Western Han Dynasty (contemporary history), the researcher further connected history of early Qin Dynasty with Qin Dynasty, and comprehensively demonstrated ‘contemporary history awareness’ within the general historical style of Shiji. On the arrangement of each chapter, the researcher especially revealed the style of chronology, which was quite neglected before, and stressed on its function in the meaning of five styles. Through the textual analysis of Shiji, the researcher also dug out Si Ma Qian’s writing calligraphy as one of the methods to interpret the text; the rest methodology such as “Hujian”, the skills of “Narrative and Argumentative Complement”, and “Judgement in Sequence”. Then, the researcher combined literature review to be tailor-made for deeper discussion issue. Finally, from the acceptance of Twenty-Five Dynastic Histories, the researcher connected the previous collections with comparison, enquiry, question, reflection, and the dialogues among literature, research, and guidance books to form the statements of this thesis.
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Fu-Lun, Lee, and 李鍑倫. "A Study on Sima Qian's Shiji and Its Translations." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52132790689573416284.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
東亞學系
101
This paper is an attempt to interpret Sima Qian’s Shiji in light of Sinological Studies, Burton Watson’s Records of the Grand Historian and William H. Nienhauser’s The Grand Scribe’s Records. First I introduce different translations of Sima Qian’s Shiji in nine languages, and discuss how the translators’ translating purposes and strategies influence their translations. Then I concentrate on the discussion of Burton Watson’s three different Shiji translations: Records of the Grand Historian of China in 1961; Records of the Historian: Chapters from the Shih Chi of Ssu-ma Ch’ien in 1969; Records of the Grand Historian in 1993. By examining the different kinds of strategies that Watson uses in his translations, this paper reveals a possibility of Watson’s conscious and unconscious alteration of Shiji. Later, I focus on the discussion of the similarities and disparities between Watson’s and Nienhauser’s translations in two related aspects: the text’s interpretive qualities, and the interaction and transformation among the reader, author, and translator. In analyzing the two most famous chapters in Shiji, “Tai-shi Gong zixu” and “Qin Shi Huang benji,” we see the text undergoing different kinds of changes. I close the paper with a discussion of translation as a unique art form in itself. I hope this study can pave the way for further discussion of the possibility of a new type of reading.
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Shih-WenChyu and 邱詩雯. "The Study of Shiji by Tongcheng School in Qing Dynasty." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/544w2a.
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博士國立成功大學
中國文學系
102
SUMMARY This thesis mainly researched on Tongcheng School literates acceptance and influences on “Shiji” in Qing Dynasty, it discussed the literal value of “Shiji”, and how it influenced Tongcheng School’s theory proposal. Via Tongcheng School anthology, single essays, letters and commentaries such writings literature reviews examination and textual in-depth analysis, to induce Tongcheng School 's study of Shiji lineage. It was learned that Tongcheng School literates via learning “Shiji”, proposed classical literature theories including parallel prose and analogy poetry. Furthermore because of their focus on textual criticism and application, hence collated “Shiji” rare book collection, and expanded “Shiji” Yi-Fa’s interpretation and application. Therefore the study of Shiji under the efforts of Tongcheng School literates, continued to change and improve. INTRODUCTION Tongcheng School is the final and the greatest literature genre in Chinese classical literature. Its founder Fang Boa, from the “Chun Qiu” and “Shiji” classics, summarized the Yi-Fa theory. The Yi-Fa theory applies historical literature’s “Chun Qiu” calligraphy and historical prose’s writing techniques to classical prose’s literature theories. Fang Boa greatly cited “Shiji” as examples, interpreting classical Yi-Fa, and became the core literature theory in literature school. TongCheng School, literate after Fang Bao, also deemed “Shiji” as a model for classical literature, via methods such as commentaries, notes, essays and monographs, to propose relevant literature theory. Hence the construction of Tongcheng School Literature theory is closely related to “Shiji”. MATERIALS AND METHODS This thesis mainly adopted “literature review”, “textual in-depth analysis”, “ literal summary commentary” the three research methods, in order to examine Tongcheng School and the Study of “Shiji” inter- influential contents. Firstly, the “literature review” method was used, calculating the number of types of Tongcheng School literates’ compositions on “Shiji”. In terms of the publication conditions, it included continual publications, and ancient literature collections in several large libraries. While in terms of types, it included books, single articles, commentaries and letters and the likes. Secondly, “textual in- depth analysis’ method was used for analysis to clarify the relationship between “Shiji” and Tongcheng School literature theories. And targeted on written works on “Shiji” before Qing Dynasty, Tongcheng School literature contents and other descriptions of the study of Shiji in Qing Dynasty, for comparison research, in order to conclude the characteristics and changes of Qing Dynasty Tongcheng School, study of Shiji. Finally, the “literature summary commentary” method was used to summarize TongCheng School theories’ inner logic under the influence of “Shiji”, to establish the lineage of Tongcheng School’s study of Shiji, and to give the appropriate commentaries. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The term “Yi-Fa” could be divided into order and combination two categories, via which to explain the rhetoric principles and methods of each types of literature. It became the crux of Tongchen School’s Composition Theory. Concerning order, from Shiji’s beauty of symmetry which escaped from classical literature’s odd sentence standards, the theory was proposed and parallel texts were selected into the classical literature anthology, and could harmonize parallel prose. In terms of combination, classical literature Yi- Fa was applied to comment on poetry, poetry was compared with “Shiji”, emphasizing on poetry paragraphing and writing techniques. Tongcheng School’s “Shiji” study, influenced by the burgeoning of textual criticism in Qing Dynasty, also has textual criticism achievement. For example, Qian Tai Ji’s collation of Shiji, Zhang Wen Hu used it as the Shiji draft for the Jingling Bookstore, became the reliable edition for Shiji. Later Guo Song Tao absorbed Qing Jia textual criticism results, combined with the text criticism results by Zhang Wen Hu, elucidated the method of writing and composition purport for Shiji, resulting in the additional characteristic of the era in Shiji study in Tongcheng School, using textual criticism as Yi- Fa. In late Qing Dynasty, Tongcheng School’s Shiji Study had learn in order to apply as the objective. Included Wu Ru Lun, Wu Kai Shen, father and son collective criticism on Shiji, Wu Ming Sh’s exposition “ Huo Zhi”, “ He Qu” and “ Feng Shan” three books, all through the interpretation of Tai Shi Gong’s composition purports, the objective of the pursue of statecraft. Lin shu further utilized Yi- Fa to translate Western novels. With the objective of statecraft, Tongchen School Shiji Study further renewed in order to respond to the needs of the era. CONCLUSION The study of Shiji by Tongcheng School in Qing dynasty, originated from “Chun Qiu”, utilizing order and combination, transformed historical annals into Yi Fa Study. Its literature writings harmonized parallel prose, poetic prose; its citation content, referenced textual criticism; its description of composition purport, labeled economics. Hence the characteristics of Shiji Study in terms of its text, its events and its laws, with the efforts of Tongchen School literati, continued to experience new changes.
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Chyu, Shih-wen, and 邱詩雯. "The alteration and innovation of historiography in terms of "Shiji"." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21374905406630952620.
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碩士國立成功大學
中國文學系碩博士班
96
Sima Qian studies independently from Confucius, and takes “Chuen Qiou” as the model. He collects many records to write the history, and uses his talent to let it be filled with literary esthetic sense. Eventually , "Shiji" concurrently have historical and literary writing skills. Turning the historical data to the history book is the process of historiography. There are three methods to utilize historical data-excerpt, alteration, and innovation. No matter what kind of method to be used, expressing the viewpoint of history is the main purpose when Sima Qian writing "Shiji" . On the basis of the achievement of “Shijihuizhukaozheng” and other historical textual research, I try to restore the text and reconstruct the condition which Sima Qian adopts the historical data. By comparing to the text, there are the alteration and innovation of historiography in terms of "Shiji". I obtain the following conclusion: Sima Qian establishes the blueprint with the historical point of view, chooses the historical data with allegory, and writes the book with more or less alteration and innovation. The above all tend to express his ideas. This write style has affected afterwards literature and history, moreover becoming their invariable core value of evolvement. The alteration and innovation of “Shiji” include textual research, argumentation, and art of writing. The alteration and innovation of historiography in terms of "Shiji" is the relationship between textual research and argumentation. It not only could provide a new viewpoint to "Shiji" studying, but also may increase the connotation of historical method, such as historical tailor, historical point of view, historiography…etc.. And it could provide the foundation to afterwards history alteration as well, like Twenty-fifth Histories recasting; literary innovation, like historical biography literature recasting, the classical literature recasting, the dramatization and so on. Then we may use the viewpoint to study the art of writing in terms of “Shiji” continually. Doing multi-dimensional research between history and history, literature and history, classic and modern literature.
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HUANG, Wan-Hsuan, and 黃琬瑄. "An Action Study on Shiji Idiom Teaching With Graphic Assistance." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34544620944241105434.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
教育學系
104
This study adopted an action research to discuss how to conduct Shiji （an ancient text） idiom teaching using a graphic method, as well as the learning effect of students’ apprehension of the idioms. The researcher aimed at a class of 29 students, who were to learn Shiji idioms on the 8th session. For this purpose, the study gathered some material as follows: observations over the sessions by the researcher and the teacher, researcher’s reflections, the pre-test and post-test results of the students’ Shiji tests, the students’ feedback after class, the students’ contact books, individual students’ interview records, etc. The purpose was to review the students’ learning effect following the graphic teaching project. After concluding the Shiji idiom graphic teaching project, the study has found that: 1. As far as selecting material for idiom graphic teaching was concerned, idioms with complete context and picture were better. 2. Students were divided into groups heterogeneously and then accomplished idiom learning through teamwork tasks. 3. Rules for graphic presentations should be explained clearly to avoid ambiguity in idiom pictures. 4. A formative evaluation was utilized to examine students’ blind spots in idiom context application. 5. Using Shiji idiom graphic teaching enhanced idiom learning effects and idiom learning retaining ability. 6. Shiji idiom graphic teaching had a bigger effect on medium and low achieving students. 7. Shiji idiom graphic learning could upgrade students’ performance in linguistic creation. 8. Teamwork increased respect for differences. 9. Students who didn’t like painting were allotted with other tasks such as leading the class to read. 10. Regarding idioms which were not graphic enough, other strategies were employed instead. 11. The students were urged to think with the aid of color notes. Based on the above results, some suggestions were proposed for reference of on-site teaching and subsequent research.
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Hwa, Sen Li, and 沈麗華. "A Study on the Implication of Tragedies in Sima Qian’s Shiji." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3b6vaf.
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Yang, Ting-i., and 楊庭懿. "Sima Qian's Historical Criticism and the Construction of Shiji." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gs5f3t.
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碩士世新大學
中國文學研究所
101
Sima Qian wrote the Records of the Grand Historian with the main purpose of describing the past to contemplate about the future. Hence, Sima Qian reflected upon historical lessons authored by the Duke of Zhou and Confucius and adopted historical experiences within his research in order to consolidate his core beliefs on discussions on the matters of ruling. Matters of ruling were mainly concerned with the maintenance of social order and stability, where every social class and position would be content and not engage in mutual harassment. Society at such a stage would be described as within rules. People living in such societies would be able to attain physical and spiritual comfort and ease. Therefore, Sima Qian's objectives in his historical research would be to provide an answer for the people's hope for a society within rules by describing the past to contemplate about the future. From the perspective of historical research, Sima Qian hoped to find a means to bring society under rule. However, human nature is extremely complicated and gives rise to various forms of personal values and morals. Sima Qian collected and categorized a large volume of biographies and case studies from recorded history, transforming the traditional simplistic view of moral values into a diverse selection, such as the ambitious and avaricious Guan Zhong and Li Si, the vengeful Wu Zixu and Duke Sheng of Bai, as well as Shusun Tong who was completely dedicated to accomplishing his own personal goals without sacrificing his moral standards. His records presented numerous examples depicting the many realistic faces of human nature. The complexity of human nature also caused social relationships become more unpredictable, increasing the burden and difficulties of human lives and spirituality. Sima Qian's therefore composed biographies of Zhang Liang and Lou Ching, wise men who were famous for their foresight and judgment, in order to provide people with a direction to think about. However, these biographies would not be sufficient. History must be built upon solid evidence to become convincing lessons. Sima Qian came from a family of court historians, and was thus extremely persistent and dedicated to his responsibilities in historical research. In order to protect history from abuses, he established strict rules and standards, transforming historical research into a professional and academic field. The complicated steps of collecting, categorizing, eliminating, integrating, and composing records and archives in the historical research processes were scrutinized. Sima Qian reflected on both the good and poor practices of his predecessors as well as contemporary difficulties of historiography. The Records of the Grand Historian with its five sections as well as the personal views and preface and praises which were written directly into the text body are results of his contemplation and revision of historical work of his predecessors. This paper investigates the principles, motto, and methods used by Sima Qian in his critical revision of history. Western historiography and historical theories are used to compare with those of Sima Qian in his Records of the Grand Historian. The structure of the Records itself shows that the historical knowledge within the work had surpassed the boundaries of space and time and that subjective truths do exist, providing concrete proof that the Records is a work that can withstand the test of time.
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LAN, HSIU-WEI, and 藍秀瑋. "A Study on Xie Guozhen and Zengding Wan Ming shiji kao." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38194505806123166693.
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碩士國立臺北大學
古典文獻學研究所
98
Xie Guozhen (1901-1982) was a famous Ming and Qing historian, bibliographer. He had rigorous scholarship and reckoned of deep knowledge in the Ming history, Qing history and bibliography. His writing were fruitful. The purpose of this study is about Xie Guozhen ’s achievements and contributions to scholarship in his all life, and also reserch the value of one of his representative works " Zengding Wan Ming shiji kao ". There is more than 1140 books of the Ming and Qing history books were recorded in "Addition of historical records in late Ming Dynasty" and also contained more than 620 books without title. Ming and Qing historical occasion were very complex, and the hybrid authenticity is known as very difficult to understand. Xie Guozhen collected and edited them to become the book: " Zengding Wan Ming shiji kao ", which became an important reference book in searching of late Ming dynasty. The research method of this paper is focus on Xie Guozhen ’s own writings, and others discuss or comment on his work to learn his life and academic achievements. And then make a deep research and analysis on the background and characteristics of " Zengding Wan Ming shiji kao " to clarify its meaning and value.
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Huang, Tzu-Ching, and 黃子菁. "The Research on The Numeral Idioms in The Book of Shiji." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05188356002514742357.
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碩士玄奘大學
應用外語學系碩士班
101
Shiji Plays an important role in Chinese history. It is either a history book or a Chinese literater. It has tremendous contribution in the Chinese cultural. The content of Shiji is abundant, and the literature is very strong. Also, it is our country's first history genre based on biography historical records. In addition to innovating history genre based on biography, it still has acquirement with Sima Qian owns who did not only collect the essence of front generation but also traveled around the world. Because he absorbed the folk language and written language,it has very high literature values of Shiji. It retained many historical materials. The idiom wasn’t only found by people's confabulation but also appeared written language even in advertise a phrase. The idiom is the language essence which was practiced concisely and comprehensively. There were a lot of history literary references, including ancient myths and legends, fable story. It had substantial content that contained historical event, proverb, fiction and traditional Chinese opera. There were five hundred sixty-eight idioms in Shiji. In the idiom of Shiji, I’m interested in the connection of numeral and culture. Numeral idiom, as an important part of the idioms. There were eighty-seven idioms in Shiji that I compiled statistics. The research of numeral idioms in Shiji seems that it still hasn’t found yet. I wish I will be able to contribute my effort in the connection of numeral idioms and Chinese traditional culture in the culture.
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SU-RONG, LIAO, and 廖素蓉. "The Portrait of Zigong (Duanmu Ci) in Pre-Qin Classics and Shiji." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9ybw59.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
漢學應用研究所
105
Words can make or break a nation. Zigong, whose competence is viewed by the late Qing Dynasty scholar Wang Kaiyun to be “worth all 3,000 Confucius’ students combined,” has such mastery of speech. A disciple under Language, Zigong is praised by Confucius as a talent “comparable to a precious ceremonial vessel (‘hu-lien’).” His eloquence influences the power struggles among the warring states of Qi, Wu, Yue, Jin, and Lu. He also suggests Confucius’ disciples to mourn their teacher the way a son mourns his father bar the prescribed dress code. His buy-low-sell-high strategy earns him wealth; he also serves as an aide in Lu's and Wei's Courts. Though an important disciple, a definite portrait of Zigong remains elusive in academic study, and a categorized analysis through classics is seldom attempted, partly due to “the despise of merchants” in traditional Confucianism as pointed out by contemporary Sinologist Yu Ying-shih. Consequently, accounts of Zigong vary among pre-Qin classics and Han’s Shiji. This study aims to pin down a clearer image of Zigong via eight classics. The Analects is chosen because it is the first-hand records of Confucius’ disciples. In contrast, Zigong is portrayed differently by vying schools of thought that flourished after Confucius, including Mozi, Zhuangzi, Liezi, Mencius, Xunzi, and Han Feiz - the classics of the top four schools, namely Mohism, Daoism, Confucianism, and Legalism. In addition, Han Dynasty’s Shiji contains a surprising abundance of Zigong’s records. The findings of this study show different portraits of Zigong. The Analects presents an eloquent pragmatic politics-savvy Zigong with high respect for Confucius. Mozi chides his questionable character and disruptive meddling in state affairs. Zhuangzi uses his bluntness and officiousness to contrast Taoism with Confucianism. Liezi describes Zigong, unlike Yan Hui, fails to understand and live by the way of nature, while merchandizing mars his health. Mencius points to Zigong’s discerning eye for true sages, his command of words, and his respect for Confucius evident from six years in mourning. Xunzi depicts a study-shy, inquisitive Zigong enlightened by Confucius and apt at clarifying Confucius’ philosophies. Han Feizi shows Zigong’s disapproval of misdemeanor punishable by torture, comparing him to vermin whose rhetorical maneuver does more harm than good. Shiji characterizes Zigong as a persuasive, witty, undaunted and Propriety-observant lobbyist contributing to Lu’s survival, an outspoken curious student who advocates Confucius’ philosophies and mourns him for six years, and a successful businessman. Keywords: Zigong, hu-lien, Analects, Shiji
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Nagel-Angermann, Monique [Verfasser]. "Das Diwang shiji des Huangfu Mi (215-282) / vorgelegt von Monique Nagel-Angermann." 1999. http://d-nb.info/990620093/34.
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Tseng, Ya-Hua, and 曾雅華. "The study of Counselors on Shiji──Center on the Period of Chu-Han." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39831808569956778586.
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碩士國立嘉義大學
中國文學系研究所
101
Abstract The topic of this thesis is "The Study of Counselors on Shiji──Center on the Period of Chu-Han". In Shiji, a variety of figure types are recorded, from the imperial nobility to the ordinary people. The shaping of character style is vivid, and with different attitude. It showed Si-Ma-Qian's high level of literary style and artistic vision. The study is based on Shiji and Han Shu. During Chu-Han period, the search for homogeneous groups of counselors as objects of research is mentioned and conducts a comprehensive study. Counselors appeared in the chaos of the Chu-Han times. They were important groups for development of Chu-Han. Most of them were born poor and disadvantaged. With their own talent, wealth of knowledge and the extraordinary vision, they offered administrative or military advice to the kings or the authorities. The main purpose of which was to win the maximum benefit at the lowest cost, and to enhance strength, so as to survive during the Chu-Han times. They often took the initiative and active action and attempted to make a difference. They themselves had no real decision-making power and had no fixed relationship with the authorities. However, they held great ideals. We may learn from their perseverance. This thesis is divided into five chapters. Except introduction and conclusions , from the second chapter, I will discuss the political background, typical image features, life tragic consciousness, and language skills of the counselors. Besides, I will analyze the issue respectively from literature, history, military, life philosophy, and linguistics. Through this article, I will sort out the two groups of the counselors during the Chu-Han times. I will also have a discussiion about the counselors’ presence of mind in the face of disasters, and their stragegies of playing it by ear. Comparison and analysis of the counselors’ ways of life in times of difficulty, language arts, and subtleties of the monarch and his subjects, will be summarized so that people today can learn from the thoughts and the behavior of those counselors. Keywords：Shiji、Counselors、Chu-Han period、Chu-Han grou
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Chen, Jian, and 陳健. "The Study on the Description of Prime Ministers of Han Dynasty in Shiji." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23u8r2.
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碩士國立清華大學
中國文學系所
105
As the precedent of presenting history in annals-biography style, Shiji describes historical changes by telling the deeds of people. Focusing on prime ministers of Han Dynasty, the paper tries to discard the traditional way to study and judge historical characters and look closely at prime ministers of West Han Dynasty in the unique view of Sima Qian, in order to discover how those prime ministers acted during such a complicated political situation in a power-centralized empire. On this basis, some important historical aspects hidden in those prime ministers will be exposed, to show the deep historical meaning and importance of many things, including the transformation of West Han, ideological evolution, the contradiction between emperor and courtiers, competition for power, bureaucratic government and so on. At the end, conclusion of passages and characters mentioned above will be made, in order to present Sima Qian’s excellent insight into history and the brilliance of annals-biography which tells history through the deeds of people; the conclusion also shows how Sima Qian revealed the hidden historical facts of early Han Dynasty with his unique writing skills, and how to understand his words “Comprehend the change of the pass and the present and form one’s own personal opinion” with the combined beauty of literature and history.
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CHIA-JEN, HSIAO, and 蕭家仁. "Study on the Military Verbs in < ShiJi > < Song Shu > and ." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2c3t78.
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碩士東海大學
中國文學系
102
Depend on the aggregation of military verb, this article snoop the connection of each military verb and to others. Further, to understand the equivalence and difference of each military verb through the combinative structure. In middle age, it is a high bisyllable generated period. Song Shu and Wei Shu was the study based on this same period. In addition, Shi Ji could observe the study of all the past times. Therefore, Shi Ji can be the foundation of studying military verb variation. Furthermore, Shi Ji could help us to understand the condition between similar glosseme and different sememe. With comprehensive consolidation, classification, and analysis, we could understand deeper of semantic component. Besides, we would found that why there is a combination of why there are sameness and difference between similar glossemes.
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楊詔翔. "A Study on Sima Qian’s Thoughts of Politics、Society and Historiography─Focus on Shiji." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00109904762047111611.
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KUO, HUI-CHUAN, and 郭蕙娟. "An Analysis on the Description of Four Lords of the Warring States in Shiji." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4qkmpd.
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碩士國立臺南大學
國語文學系中國文學碩士在職專班
106
In Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods, wars occurred frequrently, which made many upper scholars stranded in the folk. Therefore, knowledge was brought to the civilians and more and more ordinary people had the chance to get educated. Maintaining scholars was an activity in the politics of this era. It was formed for the nobles to enhance their power and strenghth. On the other hand, by being retainers, the intellectuals got the opportunities to start their official careers. Four lords of the Warring States were the typical and well-known characters at that time. They were respectively Lord Mengchang of Qi, Lord Pingyuan of Zhao, Lord Xinling of Wei, and Lord Chunshen of Chu. The four lords were paralleled in the Records of the Grand Historian, also called Shiji; however, they maintained scholars for different purposes and in various ways. Not only their interactions with the retainers but also their destinctive lives were fully describled in the book.
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Liou, Jyun-nan, and 劉俊男. "‘The Annual Table of the Six Feudal States’of Shiji and the Compilation of historical materials." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75350700878833352111.
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碩士東吳大學
歷史學系
97
‘The Annual Table of the Six Feudal States’, which gives an account of the major events from the first year of King Yuan of Zhou (476 B.C.) to the last year of the Second Emperor of Qin (207B.C.), is the most important historical report regarding the Warring States Period. In order to recognize for what purpose Sima Qian wrote the above-mentioned table and how did he handle the original documents, including with what methods he employed to deal with the historical events and to elaborate the content of ‘the Annual Table of the Six Feudal States’, this thesis would analyze the Preface of the table and compare the contents of the table with other parts of Shiji.
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Lin, Pei-Rong, and 林佩蓉. "The Tian-guan''s Tradition of Historiographer - the Inheritance of Tian-guan''s Astrology in "Shiji"." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s24645.
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碩士國立中興大學
歷史學系所
102
In charge of the astronomical ephemeris is one of the duties of the Chinese traditional historiographer, which transformed from the duties of early Tian-guan. “Tian-guan,” compare with “Di-guan,” who were responsible for governance, were in charge of ritual, divination, promulgating calendars, and all other matters which related to “Tian” Though Tian-guan had existed in ages, it gradually turned its official quality into the basic of historiographer when Sima Family took the Tian-guan offices over in Zhou Dynasty. In Sima Qian’s Shiji, the “Tian-guan Book” shows the historiographer’s entire compilation for the ideologies of astronomy from Prehistory to Han Dynasty. Different from the definition of modern astronomy, the astronomy in Tian-guan Book was defined under the prevailing social significance. In ancient China, the early knowledge of universe, “Tian-dao,” set up the ideology of Tian-guan, which considered the nature world as the rules of the whole universe; namely, inside this world all mankind live under those rules. The most observable and influential rule was the astrology, which could speculate or predict the evolution of mankind and the world, give reasonable explanation by define the stars, and watch their “usual” and “unusual” motions. For example, when the astrology was applied on the human relations, the relative positions of the stars provided the comparison with the social status to the authority, which was not only the guideline but also the restriction. Furthermore, because the knowledge of the earth came after the understanding of the sky, when the astrology was applied on the geography, the whole world beneath the sky was considered closely related to the stars. According to this point of view, the ancient Chinese astrology developed a theory that every single star could correspond to a specific geographical location. Another essential factor of the ideology of Tian-guan depends on the political explanation back in Zhou Dynasty, the authority attempted to explain the legality of their regime through proposing the theory of ”the Capriciousness of Fate.” In this theory, conforming to the Fate is the most important factor to being an Emperor. Sima Qian compiled all the astronomy systems before Western Han Dynasty into “Shiji: the Tian-guan Book”, and divided all the stars into five districts. Along with the astrology, he also collected the cloud divinations, and systematized the positions of stars, which correspond to the geographical location much more completely. As a result, most Astronomy Books of the further history records emulated the writing methods of Sima Qian’s “Shiji.”
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JUNG, LI HUA, and 李樺溶. "Study of Shiji and Rushang- a case study of Zi Gong, Fan Li and Bai Gu." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32229293359773317106.
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YIN, PEI-SYUAN, and 鄞佩璇. "Literati of the Northern Song Dynasty Study on the relationship between the Emperor and Courtiers in "Shiji"." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mft54q.
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碩士國立屏東大學
中國語文學系碩士班
104
"Shiji"in literature value began in the Ancient literary movement of Tang Dynasty, Comment"Shiji" is to Northern Song Dynasty began developed. Literati often unique insight through comment "Shiji", express their political positions. Therefore, this paper study “Literati of the Northern Song Dynasty study on the relationship between the emperor and courtiers in "Shiji".” as the title,research find they discussed historical success or failure and connection of the relationship between the emperor and courtiers, and Sima Qian wrote "Shiji" intention compared with each other. This thesis is divided into seven chapters: Chapter One: “Introduction”, which about description motivation and purpose of the study,research methods and area, recalling the results of previous studies, for discussion of literati view article fully. Chapter Two: “Discuss monarchy in "Shiji" and all literati views until the Northern Song Dynasty” ,which about these two dynasties academic background, Sima Qian views,the ancients and literati views in the Northern Song Dynasty. Chapter Three: “Song literati define the spirit that the Confucius composes "Chunqiu".” which about literati standing position is to assume that if he is a Confucian scholar comment Sima Qian, the differences in the definition of "Chunqiu" and how to interpret Sima Qian and Confucius writing intention. Chapter Four: “Song literati with Tai-Bo, Xi-Bo , and Bo-Yi's deeds theory Emperor Zhou-Wen , Emperor Zhou Wu.” ,which about using “Tai-Bo haircut and tattoos”, “Xi-Bo impossible to the throne” ,” Bo-Yi too old”etc. a variety of reason to doubt "Shiji" unreasonable. Chapter Five: “Song literati comment the relationship between the emperor and courtiers in the Period of Spring and Autumn,and Warring States.” ,which about the subject that mainly there are some discussing includes to have already had no loyal, promote the national strength, the common people have righteous, be unsuited to the Confucianism of form etc.. Chapter Six: “Song literati comment the relationship between the emperor and courtiers in the Period of Han Dynasty.” ,which about comment on three emperor how to practice monarchy in Han dynasty, Emperor Han-Gao appointed the suitable subordinate, but killed off to have the achievement will get; Emperor Han,Xiao-Wen is astute, but don't assign Jia-Yi; Emperor Han,Wu handling the affairs that Li-Ling surrenders, and taking charge of Sima Qian’s innocence is led long tired etc.. Chapter Seven:” Conclusion” ,which about aim at Song person's commentary in "Shiji"to induce advantage and weakness. After Emperor Song-Wen believes in to start the flourishing times, comment on a historical article to in great quantities produce. All of authors Authors are scholars , for the sake of the viewpoint of expression individual, their point of views often intercept some data of history, launch the critique. Doing so will cause some special viewses, there is also not reasonable bad. This research thinks had better according to Sima Qian 's original intention of "Shiji", so as to judge Song person says correct or false. The object of this study was 14 Song writer.Everyone discusses of object and measure the dissimilarity. This research of the point concentrate at Emperor Zhou-Wen , Emperor Zhou Wu, Bo-Yi, Emperor Han-Gao etc.. Northern Song person’s considers as correct the scholar,emphasize personal moral qualities on the viewpoint,take charge of Sima Qian to record a history with the different point of view commentary. They take the Confucius, Mengzi, Ban Gu is solid, other historical data,or their own viewpoint, comment on department Sima Qian, often get surprising talk point or not reasonable reasoning. Song literati comment monarchy affirm of the standard lie in musting have the interaction of justice between the emperor and courtiers. Will start revolting after losing the righteous of the relationship between the emperor and courtiers. Therefore, they through comment on a history of the ancients, express to affirm the ideal view in the heart. The main purpose is the times that the creation is like the sage to govern.
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Wu, Pi-ju, and 吳璧如. "A Study on Sima Qian’s Views of Life and Death in "Records of the Grand Historian"(Shiji)." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96511545906168328776.
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Pei-ShanWu and 吳佩珊. "Research on the Art of Rhetoric in Shiji─from Emperor Qin Shi Huang to Emperor Han Wu." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14231068631166829315.
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碩士國立成功大學
中國文學系碩博士班
100
“Art of Rhetoric “is particular about the skills and application of spoken words. It will reach the expected goals if used properly. The research is based on the records in Shiji, from the period of Emperor Qin Shi Huang to Emperor Han Wu, and is categorized to ten types in three classifications: mental analysis class, option style, circuitous style; human mind style, empathy style, emotional style, circumflex style, interest type; punch class, pay attention to words of the Analysis, Conquer mind, Wit, and for a total of 23specking techniques: Selective analysis classification with the attack method, the pros and cons of law, requires the speaker to choose one or the pros and cons of the way, by giving choices; the pretext of the type that contains the transferee law, by the words law, resorting to speaker skillfully by the other party statements were made for its own purposes, and then put forward the demands or ideas; layer management style includes stripping bamboo method, production, focus on gradually to allow each other to understand the demands; circuitous style contains politely sideswipe law, take turning roundabout to express their demands for defending other side’s self-esteem. The type of empathy in the hearts and minds of the classification that contains the translocation method, find the same law, to resort to the same positions of the parties or ideas; emotional type contains the crying method, cast a good method to attack the human emotional weakness; circumflex type contains attemp to rally appreciative stick to drinking and to take appropriate stimulus, the way of eulogy or wake-up call, impressed by the other party; type of interest contains the inducement method to intimidate law, resorting to the nature of the human while avoiding disadvantages. Wit classification contains the analogy method, the speaker in vivid metaphor and extended instructions aspirations; Proverbs, the Code of law, the burden of proof method, the characters method, widely cited to increase the credibility of the rhetoric and win the trust. In addition to talking all kinds of Art of Rhetoric, this article also discusses the Shiji , summarized three major directions: Forward-looking and Looking Back, Root. Forward means that the other development priorities focus on the future, in order to promote each other's achievements, and be recommended and implemented, the specific performance: again revealing words Forward-looking and Looking Back, which refers to organizations or leader, after a successful career, trying to be Conservative, while the continuation of the results of specific performance: about governance policies, avoid misfortune and to seek happiness; rooted means the leader or the other party is willing to take the speaker's recommendation or strategy, established the basic target process to take down root to open branches and leaves, as follows: base, location.
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SULICHU and 蘇俐洙. "The Study of the Natural Hazard Perception and Education ----a Case of Flood Hazard Area in Shijr Township." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42032228654016226589.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
環境教育研究所
92
This research aims to explore the residents’ perception and needs of education about hazard mitigation by a questionnaire survey of residents at flood hazard area of Shijr Township, Taiwan. Among 500 distributed questionnaires, 400 research participants respond and 350 prove valid. According to the research questions, the important results including three dimensions of this research : situational factors, cognitive factors, and responses. The results are as follows: 1. situational factors : （1）The official departments should make effort to publicize the hazard mitigation and evocation.（2）The residents are restricted by economic, space, and occupation factors. 2. cognitive factors : （1）Less than 30% of respondents felt significant changes of typhoons or storms, but more than 60% of respondents perceive a worsening of flood frequency in recent years.（2）Most respondents（66.6％）received hazard information from mass media（TV channel, newspapers, weather channel）.Warming information from the neighborhood and radio and broadcasting car becomes higher（11.4％ to 23.8％）. Evacuation information from the neighborhood and broadcasting car becomes much higher（6.3％ to 31.7％）.（3）69.1% of the respondents believed that floods are caused by certain inappropriate development factors rather than extreme climatic events. The study reveals that people are more sensitive to human-induced hazards than to climate change. 3. responses :（1）90.7％of respondents have flood hazard experience, 58％ of them had got loss in past hazards .（2）41％ of them have evacuated, and when evacuating, the most support they have received from public welfare groups（40％）,especially Tzuchi, rather than local government（28.6％）.（3）There is a notable correlation between future hazard perception , the adjustment behaviors and whether people ever suffered and got loss: 71％ of respondents taking hazard mitigation actions are those who have ever got loss.（4）44.7％ of respondents who have flood hazard experience consider to move away.（5）89％ of respondents worry about next hazard, but 46％ of respondents do take hazard mitigation actions and 36％ of respondents would buy flood insurance.（6）About hazard mitigation information, only 8.5％ of the respondents feel that education of meteorology hazard is sufficient ;more than 70％of the respondents suggest that the channels of hazard prevention and protection education have to be broaden, especially flood and evacuation. Most of the residents are no orderliness about hazard mitigation, preparation, response to emergency, and reconstruction. For the residents who have finished school education, training and mobilization from their own livelihood communities are the first line effective resources.
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Yung-MingLai and 賴永明. "The modern interpretation of "ShiJi" war –from the late Qin to the era of Emperor Wu of Han." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07300212407717510784.
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碩士國立成功大學
中國文學系碩博士班
100
Abstract This paper are talking about in,Shiji war record modern sense ,what about the modern sense means ? Modern interpretation of ancient books and modern borrowing from ancient times, are provided for use of the significance, I think that will be enough for modern borrowing from the ancient, after interpretation, applied to modern standards of living, that is, modern applications, herein three key is ancient and interpretation, application, before and after both areas, the middle for the method, bridges, together to talk about is the modern sense. The modern sense are talking about in this paper is divided into five chapters, creative, strategy, leadership, and the war economy, I think, Shiji the war contained information valuable, in which you can see the art of war used by the generals and policy makers by offering strategies, as well as how to govern the army, and which may be of writer's perception of the war are based on these research value materials to be applied in modern society, is more desirable method, for example, in the art of war in the modern so‐called creative to seek together the policy, you can see that the policy makers how to give their strategy, analysis techniques they use enough for the modern learning strategic connotation, due to the strategy is no distinction between ancient and modern, is a modern management strategy can learn from, and in leadership skills, whether ancient and modern, all organizations exist, is how to manage, how to deal with past and present important topics, is the performance of Shiji of generals in the modern, is also emulated value. Finally, the economic aspects of war, the Shiji war record, you can highlight its careful thinking of the war .
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Shingwen, Jan, and 詹杏雯. "The Role presentation of Jwo,Wen-Jiun and Syma,Shianq-Ru in Literature－Ranging from Shiji to Tang Poetry." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24323063098295078739.
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Kai-JungHsu and 許愷容. "The study of “judgment within narrative” in “Shiji”── As the Examples of Historical Facts from Chin and Han Dynasty." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12145365391301020668.
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Chen, Hai-Li, and 陳海立. "A Study of Influence of Human Vulnerability toward Floods in Urban Area -A Case Study of Shijr Area, Taipei County." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28556642444564846296.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
建築與城鄉研究所
92
Recent years, impact of flooding damage in urban area is getting more serious and complicated than the past. However flood research in Taiwan emphasizes on natural hazards and natural vulnerability of rivers rather than human system in structure of natural disasters. The aim of this study is to generalize characteristics of happening flood disasters phenomenon, and to find out human vulnerability factors accumulating through decades of urbanization and those effects toward floods in order to response happening disasters. Therefore, this study contains two research topics, “urban flood” and “human vulnerability factor” toward urban flood. In the first part, disasters history research is adopted for discussion of “urban flood” by analysis of 26 major flood events in Taipei Basin since 1960 to 2000 and case study. The second part takes disastrous and rapidly urbanized Shijr area as an example, analyzes each “human vulnerability factor” through comparison between simulating development conditions (1986, 1994, 2001) and corresponding typhoons (1987 Lynn, 1997 Winnie, 2000 Xangsane) in three different periods of time in a model which can integrate aerial photo maps, data resource, damage loss estimation and peak flow increase rate calculating. It concludes that: flood disasters in Taipei Basin since 1996 gradually reflects “urban flood”, and the characteristics such as flood types, inundated locations and flooding damage are also shown apparently in certain Asian city like Tokyo, Fukuoka and Seoul; furthermore, “human vulnerability”, which might arouse possibility of flood disasters, weaken ability against flood disasters, and accumulate through urbanization of its character, contains four main factors cause of urbanization as follow: way of development, public flood-control construction, density of property spatially, ability against urban flood of property.
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Yang, Wan-chen, and 楊婉甄. "The Writing of Han Xin Stories in the Shiji and Yuan Drama Authors Developed the Issue of Han Xin Stories." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29739194663541300879.
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Ho, Yu-Ju, and 何玉如. "The Study of Being Included in Hereditary Houses (Shijia) of Five Meritorious Courtiers in Early Han Dynasty in“Historical Records”(“Shiji”)." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x9j69v.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
應用中國文學系碩士班
96
The research objects of this study are five persons’ biographies in ‘The Shijia (hereditary houses) of prime minister Xiao’, ‘The Shijia of prince minister Cao’, ‘The Shijia of marquis of Liu’ ,‘The Shijia of chief counsillor Chen’, and ‘The Shijia of marquis of Jiang, Zhou Bo’ of “Shiji (Historical records)” , including Xiao He, Cao Can, Zhang Liang, Chen Ping and Zhou Bo. The content is divided into six chapters: Chapter one: It explains the research motive, purpose, research range, method of this thesis and reviews the previous studies of virtuous researchers. Chapter two: It illustrates the definition and special cases of Shijia. It expects to have a deep cognition of Shijia in “Shiji”. Besides understanding the standard of being included in Shijia, it also explores the intention that Tai-Shih-Gong (Szu-ma Chien) wrote the style of Shijia. Chapter three: It explains the process of Chu-Han contention, the discussion of Liu Bang defeating Xiang Yu, and the definition of the meritorious courtiers of early Han Dynasty. It aims at the influence and meaning to the history that has been caused by Xiao He, Cao Can, Zhang Liang, Chen Ping, and Zhou Bo under the background of late Chin Dynasty rising, Chu-Han contention and Han Dynasty establishment. Chapter four: It expounds the merits and achievements of Xiao He, Cao Can, Zhang Liang, Chen Ping, and Zhou Bo separately. Chapter five: It shows the relations of the monarch and his subjects between five meritorious courtiers of hereditary houses, the technique of writing of “Shiji” and the comparison with other meritorious courtiers. It also displays the differences and similarities between five meritorious courtiers of early Han Dynasty, and other meritorious courtiers in Liezhuan (biographies and collective biographies). Chapter six: It points out the “start well and end well” of the five meritorious courtiers, Xiao He, Cao Can, Zhang Liang, Chen Ping and Zhou Bo. They are not only performing brilliant achievements, to be great meritorious courtiers, but also loyalty and devotion, to make Han Dynasty extend, so Tai-Shih-Gong listed them in Shijia. At last, the attached lists present commends of offspring historians and scholars about the five meritorious courtiers of early Han Dynasty and the matter that Tai-Shih-Gong made biographies of them objectively, to be a reference and have a comprehensive research.
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Shiang, Lu Chung, and 呂春香. "A Comparative Study of the Environmental Protest Factors for Construction of th Two Solid Waste Incineration Plants of Shijo and Wingsam." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94986961291322723073.
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碩士臺中師範學院
環境教育研究所
93
Incineration is a mainstream of solid waste treatment and a key policy of environmenttal protection of our country at present . But incineration plant as a NIMBY(not in my backyard) facility, local residents resist constantly, our government administrators encounter the great difficulties in constructing Incineration plant. By comparing the construction of the two solid waste incineration plants of Shijo and Wingsam, the cognition and attitude of the local residents, the difference of communication and cognition between government administrator and local residents, and the reasons of protest or not and so on would be explored to find out the applicable communicative and participative model of NIMBY facilities construction. Both depth interviewing and questionnairing were applied in the study. For the interviewing , the important stake-holders including governmental officials, councilors, heads of villages and districts, representatives of advisor company at that time, and the leader of the prtesting act,etc, up to eight people, were first invited to attain the depth interviewing. For the questionnairing, objectives were randomly sampled out from the villages looked as an individual cluster, 581 effective samples returned. The recovery rate was 48%. Cronbach α was 0.721. The results are shown as follows: the local residents of Shijo more supported and participated the protest against incineration plant construction than those of Wingsham did. As comparing the difference factors of NIMBY of two cases, the results were shown as follows: Local residents of Shijo recognized the questions of solid waste less, more hoped the incineration plant situated farther from their home, more thought that selecting site was less fair, less demanded the incinerators, had more risk cognition of health, sanitation and security, less thought that communication was effective and supervision and management was needed to incineration plant than those of Wingsam did. The results of stepwise-regressional analysis were shown: “The participation of protest act” of local residents of Shijo was more influenced by the two variables including “the democratization for constructing process” and “ supporting of protest act ” . “The participation of protest act” of local residents of Wingsham was more influenced by the two variables including “the indicators of constructing demand” and “ supporting of protest act ”.As to the influencing factors of local residents about supporting for protest act, “the democratization for incinerators-construction ”of Shijo case would influence most, and “civil duty” and “ the sense of security risk” of Wingsham case would influence most. As to the influencing factors of local residents about supporting for constructing incinerators, “the need for incinerator-construction”, “civil duty” and “fairness of selecting sites” of Shijo case would influence most, and “civil duty” of Wingsham case would influence most . In order to know how to improve the democracy and fairness of selecting sites process, a applicable communicative and participative model that was also the solutions to the protest or not factors such as “the need for incinerator construction ”, “civil duty” and “the sense of security risk ”:(1)Strengthen the media advertisement , environmental education and local policy propagating to improve the communicative effect. (2)Run the poll of public opinion regularly to investigate the wills of residents.(3)Hold the flexible meeting of illustration in the envirnmental impact assess(EIA) process, in order to imrove the participation of local residents and strengthen the communication with local residents who have chances to fully express their opinions. (4)During the selecting and constructing process, invite the local personalities and non-govermental organizations to discuss, and also invite the local residents to visit the incineration plants at home and abroad in order to understand the feasible ways of building incineration plant or other NIMBY facilities. (5) Draw up the intact and feasible feedback plan. (6)Communicate with local residents to organize a supervision committee, to supervise “operation and management”'' and “the prevention of pollution”'' of the incineration plant on one hand, and to concentrate the consensus and demands of community on the other hand. (7)By way of the local non-government organization such as community development association, the people''s conference in the village or other villages’ organization and councillors to influence and develop more proper communicative channels and ways of communication.
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YEN, MAI-LING, and 顏麥鈴. "Study on preference of playground and facilities of elementary school children – A case study of Shijo Elementary School in Changhua County." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83755162958699436602.
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碩士明道大學
設計學院碩士班
100
Abstract School children learn the life dependent mode and increase the synapses of cranial nerves through games. A game space is school children’s window to the world, and direct contact with game facilities is the most primary method for them to achieve educational goals by preferences of game facilities. This study discusses the impact of game facilities environment and gaming behaviors on school children based on differences in their background. Adopted study measurements include field observation and research on the game environment, questionnaire for analysis on the game facilities preferences of 151 school children in the 2nd, 4th and 6th grades, and interviews with the manufacturer, teachers and school children. It was found that the manufacturer engaged in game environment designing mostly based on “beauty” and “safety”. The results of the questionnaire showed that 75% school children used the playground during the recess after second period, and thought the facilities were insufficient and excessively far. Facilities in better preference include dodge ball, swings and hide-and-seek compared to others, and the most preferred and used most frequently was the swings, while the snake climber was the most challenging equipment, which was related to the technical and social gaming behavior of school children. 64% school children preferred facilities of the colors yellow, blue and purple, which was roughly consistent with the red, yellow and blue used mostly by the manufacturer. Preferred color changes include orange slides which stood for 29%, yellow snake climber 22%, blue swings 33%, indigo climbing frame 25%, and blue game set 23%. As for preferred companions of gaming behavior, 2nd and 6th graders inclined to around 5 persons, while 4th graders preferred 8-10 persons. We suggest upgrading the school ball courts to designs of multi-functional game facilities in consideration of both technical and social gaming behaviors of the school children. Key words: gaming preferences, gaming behaviors, sensory integration, elementary school children.
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Hsü, Cheng-chi. "Patronage and the economic life of the artist in eighteenth century Yangchow painting." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19614699.html.
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Köck, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Das Juhō-yōjin-shū [Sammlung von der Wachsamkeit beim Empfangen buddhistischer Lehren] des Mönches Shinjō als Apologie der Shingon-Schule gegenüber konkurrierenden Lehren in der Provinz Echizen um 1270 / vorgelegt von Stefan Köck." 2007. http://d-nb.info/999495364/34.
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