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Kim, Sung-Gun. "Korean Christianity and the Shinto Shrine issue in the war period, 1931-1945 a sociological study of religion and politics /." Thesis, Online version, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.292679.
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Crown, Juno. "Home of the Japanese Heart : Socio-historical Contextualization of Gender Politics, Commodity Animism and Super State-Nationalism of Japanese Modernity through the Indigenous Faith." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-364779.
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This thesis aims to contextualize gender politics, nationalism, and animism as interconnected cultural patterns reflecting 19th century acculturation and post-WWII national reconstruction of Japan. In particular, state-nationalism, hegemonic femininity, commodity animism, uniform fetishsm, and power structure are analyzed through the symbolisms and discourse of the Japanese indigenous faith: Shinto, female practitioners, and followers. There are two points of ideological and linguistic rupture in modern Japan: late-19th century and mid-20th century, in which a large part of this thesis is dedicated to for a holistic contextualization in accordance to historical narrative and events. Materials for this thesis were collected through three separate occasions of field research: winter of 2016 to 2017, summer of 2017, and the spring of 2018 where participant- observation, semi-structured interviews across different platforms, internet ethnography, and archival data analysis were combined. The thesis is separated into three parts: super state- nationalism, gender politics, and commodity animism, and each chapter has its own thematic focus for analysis while the ideological shifts are explained largely based on Ideological State Apparatus and subjectivity. The development of the several thousand year old faith is the preoccupation of this thesis in an attempt to interpret the collective identities, tendencies, and patterns of Japanese modernity.
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Solari, Alessandra <1992>. "Lo Shinto e la laicità dello Stato nella giurisprudenza giapponese." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13127.
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Con il presente lavoro si intende analizzare una serie di decisioni nelle quali la Corte Suprema del Giappone ha espresso la propria posizione sulla questione del rapporto fra Stato e religione.
La tesi si compone di una breve panoramica sul periodo Meiji, con particolare attenzione all'analisi dei fattori che hanno portato la religione shintoista ad essere messa in una posizione privilegiata durante la Costituzione Meiji, sul perchè sia stata fatta diventare "religione di Stato", e di come sia stata utilizzata come strumento per favorire il patriottismo e per riaffermare il potere imperiale.
Segue un'analisi delle motivazioni che hanno portato, dopo la conclusione della seconda guerra mondiale, le forze alleate a prendere provvedimenti tesi a laicizzare il Giappone.
Tali premesse aiuteranno a spiegare, attraverso analisi di sentenze, perchè, nonostante la Costituzione del 1947 sia molto chiara in materia religiosa, essa sia sottoposta ad interpretazioni, a volte forzate, da parte delle Corti.
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Thorsell, Lars. "Kokka Shinto : Japans statsreligion 1868-1945." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-555.
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Genom att använda folktro och religion skapade den Japanska regimen under två eror, Meji och Showa, ett instrument för att tygla folket och ge obehindrad makt till toppskiktet i samhället. Man underströk kejsarfamiljens gudomliga arv som släkting till dem mäktigaste kamin i gudavärlden solgudinnan Amaterasu. Som släkting till henne var han att betrakta som gud och fick aldrig ifrågasättas. Det Japanska folket var inte heller vilket folk som helst utan ett härskarfolk som även det hade gudomlig härkomst. När folket sedan genom mängder av propaganda från skolväsendet upp igenom hela samhället indoktrinerats om sin och kejsarens överhöghet var det dags att visa resten av världen sin gudomlighet. Genom att besegra sina fiender i krig blev övertygelsen än större på hemmafronten och Kokka Shinto tycktes mer och mer sitta inne med sanningen. Japan var riktigt nära att slå ut den amerikanska flottan under andra världskriget, men en serie förluster satte stopp för framgångarna och Japan besegrades. Den amerikanska ockupationsmakten identifierade Kokka Shinto som skyldig till aggressionerna på samma sätt som nazismen var för Tyskland.
Kokka Shinto hjälpte till att göra Japan till en fascistisk stat precis som syftet var med den. Från början av Mejirestorationen till slutet av Andra Världskriget var Kokka Shinto en framgångssaga för ultranationalisterna men de allierades seger krossades Statsshinto. Det finns dock kvarlämningar av Statsshinto i Japan och när en Japansk premiärminister kan besöka Yasukuni-templet utan att tvingas avgå visar landet att man ännu har en bit att vandra innan man helt har kastat av sig sitt nationalistiska och fascistiska ok.
Slutsatsen blir därför att jag inte anser att Kokka Shinto är en religion utan snarare mäktiga mäns sluga utnyttjande av folktro och vidskeplighet i syfte att ta över ett land. Kokka Shinto är en veritabel våldtäkt på en legitim religion men genom att använda samma mytologi och historia köper man sig legitimitet. Man måste som utomstående vara mycket distinkt i att skilja på Shinto och Kokka Shinto ungefär på samma sätt som man skiljer på Socialism från Nationalsocialism. Fram till 1868 var Shinto en mycket tolerant religion och efter 1945 är det så återigen, det finns dock ett nationellt tema i Shinto som onda krafter kan utnyttja.
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Purser, S. "Carbon-13 chemical shifts in solids." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356610.
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Ates, Davut. "Political Legitimacy Of Nation State :shifts Within The Global Context." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605009/index.pdf.
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The thesis investigates the basis of possible sources of shifts in the classical
conceptualizations of political legitimacy of nation state as a result of the impositions of
globalization. To this end, it first suggested that we should have a theory of globalization.
Globalization in the fields of economy, politics, society, culture and identity along with
fragmentation provides crucial changes in the roles and functions of the state, which result
in fundamental transformation in the distinctive features of nation state, such as autonomy,
capacity, unity, territoriality, sovereignty and identity. The depreciation in the classical roles
and functions of nation state is observed in its decreasing capacity to cope with emerging
global threats, such as environmental pollution, unequal development and international
crimes. Economic globalization deprives nation state of its autonomy in determining its own
economic policies. And identity/culture assertions of the locality disintegrate the unity and
identity of nation state. Decreasing autonomy, capacity and unity lead to further
depreciation in other two fundamental features of nation state, which are territoriality and
sovereignty. These developments force nation state to find out new ways of legitimizing its
position under the global context. In classical conceptions, political legitimacy of nation
state had been constructed within the framework of the premises of its autonomy,
sovereignty, territoriality, unity, identity and capacity. However, those fundamental
characteristics of nation state seem to be depreciating under the global context. Actually,
this depreciation will result in a new conceptualization of political legitimacy under
globalization. Therefore, in this re-conceptualization of political legitimacy, individual,
local and global impositions emerge as major sources. Nation state, which is eager to resituate
itself in a legitimate basis in the twenty first century, should take into account
emerging individual, local and global concerns.
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Marsden, Ian. "Paramagnetic, diamagnetic and substituent chemical shifts in NMR spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317169.
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Gillespie, H. Gary. "Japan's Ise Shrine and selected Norwegian stave churches an examination of the definition of vernacular architecture /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2179.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 161 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-114).
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Christopher, Elizabeth Anne. "Solid-state NMR study of polymorphism in pharmaceuticals." Thesis, Durham University, 1993. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5752/.
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This thesis is concerned with attempts to establish solid-state NMR as a complementary technique to X-ray crystallography for providing information on crystal structure, i.e. information regarding conformation, packing and inter- or intra-molecular interactions. Methods of assigning the solid-state NMR spectrum have been used which rely upon (^1)H-(^13)C dipolar interactions and upon the shielding anisotropy experienced by the nuclei. Single pulse experiments have also been used to identify solvate molecules. Of particular importance, the anisotropy and asymmetry have been found for a number of steroids, and the values used to assign the high frequency region of the spectrum. This has enabled chemical shifts to be linked to the hydrogen bonds that are present. Thus, the mode of hydrogen bonding can be predicted in forms of cortisone acetate for which the crystal structure is not available. Chemical shifts have also been linked with the conformation of the D ring. In this way, important crystallographic information has been gleaned from the solid-state NMR spectrum. The effect of the formation of hydrogen bonds upon the shielding tensor components of carbonyl and ester carbons has been studied, and found to cause a high frequency shift in δ22, which is probably oriented along the C=0 bonds. This leads to a high frequency shift in the isotropic chemical shift. The effect of the spinning speed upon the centreband intensity of a peak as the anisotropy and asymmetry are varied has been investigated. It has been found that at low spiiming speeds, the centreband intensity does not vary in a simple fashion. Thus it is recommended that full shielding tensor analysis is performed. The effect of the spinning speed on the sample temperature has also been studied. Results show that at low spinning speeds (up to 2 kHz) there is sample cooling as the spinning speed increases (attributed to the Joule -Thompson effect). But at higher spinning speeds (above 2 kHz) then there is sample heating as the spinning speed increases. The importance of this result is discussed. The effect of quadrupolar nuclei (35C1 and (^14)N) upon the spectrum of a spin-(^1)(_2) nucleus ((^13)C) has been studied. In favourable cases, the anisotropy in the spin-spin coupling constant has been found, whilst in other cases, the sign and magnitude of the quadrupolar coupling constant have been obtained. The broadening of resonances of carbon atoms adjacent to quadrupolar nuclei has been valuable in assigning the solid-state NMR spectra. The broadening effect has also been observed at more distant sites. It has not been possible to distinguish the effects of (^37)C1 and (^35)C1 on the carbon spectra of chlorine containing steroids.
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Koga, Natalia Massaco. "Shifts in the relationship between the state and civil society in Brazil's recent democracy." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2012. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8z807/shifts-in-the-relationship-between-the-state-and-civil-society-in-brazil-s-recent-democracy.
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This thesis investigates the shifts in the relationship between the state and civil society in Brazil between 1995 and 2010. Following a period when ‘civil society’ was nearly abandoned as an analytical category, a number of studies from the 1980s onwards have developed links between ideas of democracy and civil society. Seeking to understand the roles played by civil society and their relevance for Brazil’s recent democracy, this work proposes an analytical framework that associates a relational approach with the application of analytical tools from Chantal Mouffe’s agonistic theory of democracy. The thesis’ period of analysis covers the administrations of presidents Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. The main hypothesis examined is that during this period there occurred a shift from an ‘apoliticalconsensual’ to a ‘political-conflictual’ pattern of relationship between state and civil society. The work undertaken in this investigation is conveyed through eight sections. Following a brief introduction, Chapter 1 is dedicated to a review of the literature on civil society; it also includes a justification of the use of the relational approach and an introduction to this thesis’ main analytical categories. Chapter 2 traces an overview of the historical trajectory of civil society in Brazil and its key characteristics. Chapter 3 explores the discourses and practical measures relating to civil society which have been adopted by the Cardoso and Lula governments. Chapter 4 discusses the literature on participation in Brazil and its formulations on the modes of interaction between the state and civil society. It also explores tenets of Mouffe’s agonistic theory and proposes an analytical framework through which the case studies will be interpreted. Chapters 5 and 6 examine the two selected case studies: respectively, the National Council for Health and the 1st National Conference of Communications. The concluding chapter outlines the thesis’ main findings. This thesis intends to expand understanding of the realms of civil society action; the forms of relationship between civil society organisations and the state; and, finally, the projects’ potentialities for expanding participation and deepening democracy in Brazil.
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Göransson, (Asker) Christian. "First-Principles calculations of Core-Level shifts in random metallic alloys: The Transition State Approach." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2581.
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The overall aim of this thesis is to compare different methods for calculation of Core-Level shifts in metallic alloys. The methods compared are the Initial State model, the Complete screening and the Transition state model. Core-level shifts can give information of chemical bonding and about the electronic structure in solids.
The basic theory used is the so-called Density-Functional-Theory, in conjunction with the Local-Density Approximation and the Coherent-Potential- Approximation. The metallic alloys used are Silver-Palladium, Copper-Palladium, Copper-Gold and Copper-Platinum, all inface-centered-cubic configuration.
The complete screening- and the transition-state model are found to be in better agreement with experimental results than those calculated with the initial state model. This is mainly due to the fact that the two former models includes final-state effects, whereas the last one do not. The screening parameters within the Coherent-Potential approximation are also investigated. It is found that the Screened-Impurity Model can extend the validity of the Coherent-Potential-Approximation and increase it's accuracy.
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Iniguez, Christian R. "Demand shifts in outlet selection in the United States market for fresh flowers." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011838.
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Segal, Jack. "Illinois’s Shift to the Left: How a Bellwether State Diverged from National Trends." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1744.
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Throughout the 20th century, Illinois supported winning candidates in twenty-three out of twenty-five presidential elections. However, in the 21st century, Illinois supported winning candidates in two out of five presidential elections. The state’s divergence from national trends followed three partisan shifts that occurred in the mid-to-late 20th and early-21st centuries. These shifts altered the state’s partisan preferences. While the causes of each shift varies, Illinois’s changing demographics, the concentration of its population in the Chicago Metropolitan area, and the rise of the post-industrial economy, caused the state to depart national trends as Illinois increasingly supported Democrats.
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Leonova, Ekaterina. "Structural Investigations of Complex Glasses by Solid-state NMR." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för fysikalisk kemi, oorganisk kemi och strukturkemi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8565.
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This PhD thesis presents structural investigations of amorphous inorganic materials: oxide and oxynitride glasses and mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs), by solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Lanthanum oxide and oxynitride [La-Si-(Al)-O-(N)] glasses have a large number of potential applications due to their physical properties. In our work we have studied, compared to previous investigations, significantly expanded ranges of glass compositions (for oxynitride glasses, including samples of very high nitrogen content, up to 53 % out of the anions). We have estimated local environments of 29Si and 27Al structural units (their coordination, polymerization degree and number of N incorporated into tetrahedral units) in the materials. We have suggested a random Al/Si distribution along with almost uniform non-bridging oxygen atoms distribution in aluminosilicate glasses. Silicon nitride was used as precursor in the oxynitride glass synthesis. We studied both α- and β-modifications of silicon nitride, 15N-enriched, as well as fully (29Si, 15N)-enriched samples. We have shown that the linewidths of 15N NMR spectra are dominated by J(29Si-15N) coupling in 29Si315N4 sample. Mesoporous bioactive glasses in the CaO-SiO2-P2O5 system show superior bioactivity (the ability to form a hydroxycarbonate apatite layer on the glass surface when exposed to body fluids) compared to conventional bioactive glasses due to their large surface area and uniform pore-size distribution. Previous studies suggested a homogeneous cation distribution over the MBG samples on a 10−20 nm length-scale. From our results, on the other hand, we may conclude that Si and P is not intimately mixed. We propose a structural model, in which the pore walls of MBGs are composed of a silica network, and a phosphate phase is present as nanometer-sized clusters that are dispersed on the pore wall.
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Darienzo, Matteo. "Detection and estimation of stage-discharge rating shifts for retrospective and real-time streamflow quantification." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALU006.
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Les séries temporelles de débit des rivières sont établies à l'aide de "courbes de tarage", qui sont des modèles avec les hauteurs d’eau en entrée et les débits en sortie. Malheureusement, de nombreuses stations hydrométriques ont une relation hauteur-débit instable, notamment à cause de l’évolution du lit de la rivière lors des crues. Ces "détarages" posent problème à la fois pour l'établissement des séries hydrologiques de long-terme (analyse rétrospective) et pour la fourniture de données en temps réel, par exemple pour la prévision des inondations, avec des incertitudes quantifiées et fiables. Les méthodes existantes pour la mise à jour de la courbe de tarage sont basées sur une analyse statistique des données de calibration (jaugeages) passées ou sur des règles empiriques. Cette thèse a permis de développer des méthodes originales pour la détection automatique des détarages et l'estimation de leur amplitude en rétrospectif et en temps réel : une méthode de segmentation des résidus entre les jaugeages et une courbe de référence, une analyse des récessions du limnigramme et une détection de détarages potentiels à partir d'un indicateur disponible en temps réel (par exemple, transport sédimentaire cumulé). L'approche probabiliste permet d'une part de prendre en compte l'incertitude des informations sur les détarages et d'autre part de quantifier les incertitudes sur les débits calculés. La combinaison des trois méthodes a été appliquée à la station de l’Ardèche à Meyras, en France, qui présente des détarages nets après chaque crue importante. Une bonne détection et estimation des détarages a été observée en rétrospectif et en temps réel. La méthode est générale et applicable en opérationnel à d’autres stations après validation. La méthode est générique et, après davantage de validation, applicable en opérationnel à d'autres sitesRiver discharge time series are established using "rating curves", which are models with stage as input and discharge as output. Unfortunately, many hydrometric stations have an unstable stage-discharge relation, particularly because of the change in the river bed during floods. These "rating shifts" pose a problem both for the establishment of long-term hydrological series (retrospective analysis) and for the delivery of real-time data, for example for flood forecasting, with quantified and reliable uncertainties. The existing methods for updating the rating curve are based on a statistical analysis of past calibration data (the gaugings) or on empirical rules. This thesis aims at developing some original methods for the automatic detection of rating shifts and the estimation of their magnitude in both retrospective and real time: a method of segmentation of the residuals between the gaugings and a base rating curve, an analysis of the stage recessions and a method for detecting potential shifts from an indicator available in real time (e.g. cumulative sediment transport). The probabilistic approach allows on the one hand to take into account the uncertainty of the information on the shift and on the other hand to quantify the uncertainties of the calculated streamflow. The combination of the three methods has been applied to the Ardèche at Meyras, France, which shows net shifts after each major flood. Good detection and estimation of the rating shift has been observed retrospectively and in real time. The method is generic and, after further validation, operationally applicable to other sites
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Alagha, Joseph Elie. "The shifts in Hizbullah's ideology : religious ideology, political ideology, and political program /." Leiden : Amsterdam : ISIM ; Amsterdam University Press, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0701/2007358448-b.html.
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Pan, Limin. "Calculation of hyperfine shifts of 2S and 2P states of heliumlike atoms up to Z = 10." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0020/MQ52628.pdf.
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Rodeheaver, Misty D. "An analysis of the shifts in cultural flows between the United States and Germany, 1890-1929." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3988.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 90 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-87).
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Paudel, Shishir. "CLIMATE CHANGE, SHIFTS IN TROPICAL STORM REGIMES AND TRIADICA SEBIFERA INVASION IN COASTAL MISSISSIPPI, UNITED STATES." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/694.
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Global climate change is predicted to affect timing and severity of disturbance events (e.g., fire, drought, hurricanes, wind storms, and inundation), but the extent of these disturbance events and their impacts on natural ecosystems may vary regionally. Rising sea level, increased frequency and intensity of tropical storms, and altered inundation regimes are likely to create changing environmental conditions in low-lying coastal ecosystems. These large scale disturbances may increase resource availability and regeneration spaces, reduce competition, and possibly increase community vulnerability to invasion. Shifting disturbance regimes and invasion together are predicted to drive long-term shifts in coastal plant community structure and ecosystem processes. However, impacts of altered environmental conditions on native and invasive plant species and the species responses to changed environmental conditions are poorly understood. The aims of this study were: (i) to assess the probability of occurrence of juveniles of the invasive exotic Triadica sebifera and co-occurring native species, Baccharis halimifolia, Ilex vomitoria, and Morella cerifera in the field in relation to surrounding environmental factors, (ii) to assess the effects of elevated salinity across a typical coastal transition on germination of T. sebifera, B. halimifolia and M. cerifera, using controlled growth chamber and greenhouse experiments, (iii) to assess the effects of climate change and shifting inundation and tropical storms regimes on T. sebifera, B. halimifolia and M. cerifera, and (iv) to evaluate the role of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) on spread of invasive T. sebifera in coastal transition ecosystems at the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (GBNERR), Coastal Mississippi, southeastern USA. Results from assessing the probability of occurrence of juveniles of invasive and co-occurring native species showed that soil water conductivity (i.e., salinity) was the major factor related to the occurrence of invasive T. sebifera and native B. halimifolia, I. vomitoria and M. cerifera along the coastal transitions. Probability of occurrence of the invasive T. sebifera was significantly related to landscape factors and occurrence was highest in close proximity to roads, trails, power lines, and recreational sites, and water bodies. These results imply that future increases in salinity will negatively impact I. vomitoria, M. cerifera, and T. sebifera, leading to range contraction of these species away from the coast. However, natural and anthropogenic disturbances that often increase resource pulses and reduce competition, likely increase the dominance of T. sebifera in already invaded areas. Positive effects of landscape structures on T. sebifera occupancy highlight the role of landscape variables in promoting new invasions in coastal forests of the southeastern USA. Controlled growth chamber and greenhouse germination experiments demonstrated that germination of all species (i.e., T. sebifera, B. halimifolia, and M. cerifera) decreased with elevated salinity and that the reduction was most pronounced in soils from the most seaward zones along the coastal transition. Although native B. halimifolia was least sensitive to elevated salinity, invasive T. sebifera displayed plasticity of germination trait across different salinity levels in most inland soils. These results suggest that the phenotypic plasticity may facilitate spread of Triadica sebifera under some degree of salinity stress in more inland section of the coastal transition. A manipulative greenhouse experiment demonstrated that simulated canopy damage from intense hurricane winds and associated storm surge produced differential effects on survival and growth of native (B. halimifolia and M. cerifera) and invasive (T. sebifera) species at simulated different forest conditions common in the GBNERR. Invasive T. sebifera was by far the most shade tolerant of the three species and seedling survival under highly shaded conditions may provide it with a competitive edge over native species during community reassembly following tropical storms. T. sebifera may better utilize post-hurricane conditions (e.g., resource-rich empty spaces) and potentially increase its dominance in coastal forested ecosystems. The last experimental study revealed that invasive T. sebifera had higher VAM colonization compared to co-occurring native species both in controlled greenhouse and field experiments, and that the higher colonization leads to significant increases in aboveground biomass, supporting the hypothesis that VAM fungi strongly benefit the invasive species. These results suggest that the VAM colonization may be necessary for the initial establishment of T. sebifera along the coastal transitions. Furthermore, my research also suggested that T. sebifera was not allelopathic and did not interfere with growth of native species. Overall, the findings of this research provide insight into the impacts of climate change related shifts on performance of invasive and co-occurring native species across coastal transitions of the southeastern USA. Variation in invasive and co-occurring native species' performances under changed environmental conditions (e.g., elevated salinity and increased light availability) and improved mutualistic association between invasive T. sebifera and VAM fungi may drive increased invasion with frequent community reassembly of low-lying coastal ecosystems undergoing rapid climate change.
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Howard, Amanda Kelly. "Influence of instream physical habitat and water quality on the survival and occurrence of the endangered Cape Fear shiner." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04152003-213732/.
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Lv, Yating. "Application of resting-state fMRI methods to acute ischemic stroke." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-126910.
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Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced (DSC) perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) are commonly employed in clinical practice and in research to give pathophysiological information for patients with acute ischemic stroke. DWI is thought to roughly reflect the severely damaged infarct core, while DSC-PWI reflects the area of hypoperfusion. The volumetric difference between DWI and DSC-PWI is termed the PWI/DWI-mismatch, and has been suggested as an MRI surrogate of the ischemic penumbra. However, due to the application of a contrast agent, which has potentially severe side-effects (e.g., nephrogenic systemic fibrosis), the DSC-PWI precludes repetitive examinations for monitoring purposes. New approaches are being sought to overcome this shortcoming.
BOLD (blood oxygen-level dependent) signal can reflect the metabolism of blood oxygen in the brain and hemodynamics can be assessed with resting-state fMRI. The aim of this thesis was to use resting-state fMRI as a new approach to give similar information as DSC-PWI. This thesis comprises two studies:
In the first study (see Chapter 2), two resting-state fMRI methods, local methods which compare low frequency amplitudes between two hemispheres and a k-means clustering approach, were applied to investigate the functional damage of patients with acute ischemic stroke both in the time domain and frequency domain. We found that the lesion areas had lower amplitudes than contralateral homotopic healthy tissues. We also differentiated the lesion areas from healthy tissues using a k-means clustering approach.
In the second study (see Chapter 3), time-shift analysis (TSA), which assesses time delays of the spontaneous low frequency fluctuations of the resting-state BOLD signal, was applied to give similar pathophysiological information as DSC-PWI in the acute phase of stroke. We found that areas which showed a pronounced time delay to the respective mean time course were very similar to the hypoperfusion area.
In summary, we suggest that the resting-state fMRI methods, especially the time-shift analysis (TSA), may provide comparable information to DSC-PWI and thus serve as a useful diagnostic tool for stroke MRI without the need for the application of a contrast agent.
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Norström, Albert. "Upholding the coral loop : Resilience, alternative stable states and feedbacks in coral reefs." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Systemekologiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-34037.
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Coral reefs are suffering unprecedented declines in coral cover and species diversity. These changes are often associated with substantial shifts in community structure to new dominant organisms. Ultimately, these “phase shifts” can be persistent and very difficult to return from. Building insurance against degradation and decreasing the likelihood of reefs undergoing shifts to undesirable states will require sustainable management practices that uphold coral reef resilience. This thesis consists of five papers that contribute new knowledge useful for managing the resilience of coral reefs, and other marine ecosystems. Paper I shows how the morphology of natural substrate (dead coral colonies) can significantly influence coral recruitment patterns. Paper II focuses on larval lipid levels, a key determinant of coral dispersal potential, in a common Caribbean coral (Favia fragum). It shows that i) lipid levels exhibit a significant, non-linear reduction throughout the larval release period of F. fragum and ii) exposure to a common pollutant (copper) could potentially lead to a more rapid lipid consumption in the larvae. Paper III presents a broader analysis of the different undesirable states a coral reef can shift to as a consequence of reef degradation. It concludes that different states are caused by different driving factors and that management must explicitly acknowledge this. Paper IV proposes a suite of resilience indicators that can help managers assess when a coral-dominated reef might be moving towards a shift to an undesirable state. These indicators capture key-processes occuring on different temporal and spatial scales and signal resilience loss early enough for managers to take appropriate measures. Finally, Paper V reviews the feedback loops that reinforce the undesirable states of five important marine ecosystems and suggests certain strategies that can ease the restoration back to healthier conditions. Managing these critical feedbacks will recquire monitoring the processes underpinning these feedbacks, breaking already established feedbacks loops through large-scale management trials and acknowledging transdisciplinary solutions that move management beyond the discipline of ecologyAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 5: In progress.
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Bono, Martha. "Historicizing Sexual Violence Against Native American Women: Colonization, Intracommunal Shifts, and Creative Forms of Discourse." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1308.
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The sexual assault and gendered violence Native American women face has started to garner attention from politicians, newspapers, and Hollywood producers. Most of today's discourse, however, ignores history. My historical analysis reveals how sexual violence against Indigenous women has been institutionalized since the very first days of colonization, and how these institutions ensured gendered violence would endure over time. First, I analyze how gender roles within Indigenous communities, specifically the Cherokee, led to Native women's subjugation and enabled intracommunal violence. Next, I examine particular federal Indian policies that have created a complex system of jurisdictional conflict that prevents tribal governments from addressing sexual assault in their communities. Finally, I bring in Native women's perspectives through creative forms, like fiction and art. These creative forms engage with history in a way that helps complete the historical account. In examining history and Native women's creative forms, I hope to illuminate how historical institutions continue to operate today, and how that conclusion will become the base of a decolonized future.
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Мирошник, М. А., П. В. Галкін, О. Б. Зайченко, and Р. И. Цехмистро. "Testability Increasing Method by Introducing Hardware Redundancy in the Easy-tested Finite State Machines." Thesis, NURE, MC&FPGA, 2019. https://mcfpga.nure.ua/conf/2019-mcfpga/10-35598-mcfpga-2019-002.
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Testability increasing methods by introducing hardware redundancy into the circuit implementation are sufficiently developed and widely used in the design. Since the construction of the testing sequence is based on the use of automaton diagrams, it eliminates the need to analyze the circuit implementation of the remote control when building a diagnostic experiment. This approach allows us to extend the class of detectable faults, which in structural-analytical test generation methods is limited, as a rule, to a multitude of single constant faults. The use of automaton models in the construction of tests allows to detect any malfunction that changes the automaton diagram of a serviceable remote control and does not increase the number of states of remote control memory elements. There was described finite state machine using hardware description language. The method of computer-aided design of the easytested control FSM by introducing the hardware redundancy is presented in the paper. The FSM model is represented in VHDL in the form of the FSM template. The solution way is to add additional fragments of the VHDL code, which ensure the forced setting of the FSM into an arbitrary state without the use of synchronizing sequences. The use of the shift register in the memory part of the control FSM for organizing the path scanning was considered. The method of FSM state table expansion, which ensures the mode of bypassing all nodes of the FSM’ state diagram in the diagnostic mode was proposed.
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Pathak, Pratik. "SEASONAL VARIATION IN TEMPERATURE, PRECIPITATION AND STREAMFLOW ACROSS THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2028.
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A great deal of attention has been given to global climate change by the hydrologic community. Temperature, precipitation and streamflow trend analysis, on different spatial and temporal scales, is important in understanding the impact of climate change. Midwest region is the heartland of agriculture production in U.S., and change in hydrologic variables may affect both quantity and quality of production. In the study, mean, maximum and minimum temperature along with mean precipitation for 106 climate divisions in the Midwest were analyzed to test the existence of monotonic trend and shift changes in the seasonal hydrological time series. In addition to that, trend and shift in 88 streamflow stations in the Midwest and its relation with temperature and precipitation were analyzed. Mann Kendall test with and without considering lag-1 auto-correlation were employed to analyze the trend. Non-parametric Pettitt test was used to analyze the shift; Sen’s slope estimator was used to identify the magnitude of hydrological trend. Discrete Wavelet analysis was done to analyze the effect of periodicities on trends and shifts in hydrological variables. In addition, association between the occurrence of shifts and phases of climate indices, such as El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), was investigated. The results indicated significant increasing trend in mean and minimum temperature for majority of the climate divisions in all the seasons studied. While, increase in maximum temperature in winter and spring was observed, majority of the climate divisions showed decreasing trend in summer and fall. Increasing trend in precipitation was detected mostly in spring, summer and fall as compared to winter. Persistence was mostly observed for all the variables during the summer season and when accounted for, trend remained for most of the climate divisions. Spatially prevalent shifts were noticed, which were in agreement with gradual trend for most of the hydrologic variables. The results of the wavelet analysis indicated D2 (dyadic scale of 4 years) and D3 (dyadic scale of 8 years) to be the most effective periodic component in detecting trend in winter, spring and summer. D1 (dyadic scale of 2 years) and D3 proved to be the most effective in detecting trend in temperature data in fall. Likewise, precipitation and streamflow showed the dominance of D3 component in detecting real trend in the data. Majority of shift changes coincided with PDO and ENSO phases. The use of wavelet helped in detecting the typical timescale of ENSO and the effect of coupled climate indices on hydrologic variables. A possible linkage between streamflow, temperature and precipitation trend across some regions were detected clearly corroborating the importance of exploring the synergism between meteorological, climatic and hydrologic factors to assess the changing character of the variables. The contribution from this research include a better understanding of the changes in the hydrology of the Midwest that can help in better water management decisions.
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Subramanian, Mythili Myths. "Lifetimes of states in 19Ne above the 15O+ alpha threshold." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/792.
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Astrophysical models that address stellar energy generation and nucleosynthesis require a considerable amount of input from nuclear physics and are very sensitive to the detailed structure of nuclei, both stable and unstable. Radioactive nuclei play a dominant role in several stellar environments such as supernovae, X-ray bursts, novae etc. and nuclear data are important in the interpretation of these phenomena.
When carbon, nitrogen and oxygen isotopes are present in substantial quantities in a star of sufficient mass, the fusion of four hydrogen nuclei to form a helium nucleus proceeds via the CNO cycles. Energy release in the CNO cycles is limited by the long lifetimes of 14O and 15O. In explosive stellar scenarios such as X-ray bursts, the energy output is very large, suggesting a breakout from the CNO cycles. 15O(α,γ)19Ne is the first reaction that breaks out of the CNO cycle. Nuclear structure information on high lying states in 19Ne is required to calculate the rate of the 15O(α,γ)19Ne reaction. This work focuses on the study of states in 19Ne above 3.53 MeV.
The lifetimes of five states in 19Ne above 3.53 MeV were measured in this work. The states in 19Ne were populated via the 3He(20Ne,α)19Ne reaction at a beam energy of 34 MeV. The lifetimes were measured using the Doppler Shift Attenuation Method. The lifetimes of five states were measured and an upper limit was set on the lifetime of a sixth state. Three of the measurements are the most precise thus far. The lifetimes of the other three states agree with the values of the only other measurement of the lifetimes of these states. An upper limit on the rate of the 15O(α,γ)19Ne reaction was calculated at the 90% confidence level using the measured lifetimes. The contributions to the 15O(α,γ)19Ne reaction rate from several states in 19Ne at different stellar temperatures are discussed.
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Thakur, Balbhadra. "HYDROLOGIC VARIABILITY WITHIN THE CLIMATE REGIONS OF CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES AND ITS TELECONNECTION WITH CLIMATE VARIABLES." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1844.
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The entropy of all systems is supposed to increase with time, this is also observed in the hydroclimatic records as increased variability. The current dissertation is primarily focused on the hydrologic variability of the hydrologic records in the climate regions across Continental United States. The study evaluated the effects of serial correlation in the historical streamflow records on both gradual trend and abrupt shift in streamflow. The study also evaluated the trend before and after the shift occurrence to validate whether the observed changes in streamflow is a result of long-term variability or climate regime shift. Secondly, the current dissertation evaluated the variability within western US hydrology which is highly driven by the oscillation of Pacific Ocean such as El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The dissertation evaluated the variability in snow water equivalent (SWE) of western US as the winter snow accumulation of the region drives the spring-summer streamflow in the region which contributes to the major portion of yearly streamflow. The SWE variability during the individual phases of ENSO were analyzed to reveal the detailed influence of ENSO on historic snow accumulations. The study is not solely limited to the hydrologic variability evaluation rather; it also delves into obtaining the time lagged spatiotemporal teleconnections between large scale climate variables and streamflow and forecast the later based on the obtained teleconnections. To accomplish the research goals the current dissertation was subdivided into three research tasks. First task dealt with the streamflow records of 419 unimpaired streamflow records which were grouped into seven climate regions based on National Climate Assessment, to evaluate the regional changes in both seasonal streamflow and yearly streamflow percentiles. Non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Pettitt’s test were utilized to evaluate the streamflow variability as gradual trend and abrupt shift, respectively. Walker test was performed to test the global significance of the streamflow variability within each climate regions based on local trend and shift significance of each streamflow stations. The task also evaluated the presence of serial correlation in the streamflow records and its effects on both trend and shift within the climate regions of continental United States for the first time. Maximum variability in terms of both trend and shift were observed for summer as compared to other seasons. Similarly, greater number of stations showed streamflow variability for 5th and 50th percentile streamflow as compared to 95th and 100th percentile streamflow. It was also observed that serial correlation affected both trend and step while, accounting for the lag-1 autocorrelation improved shift results. The results indicated that the streamflow variability has more likely occurred as shift as compared to the gradual trend. The outcomes of the current result detailing historic variability may help to envision future changes in streamflow. The second task evaluated the spatiotemporal variability of western US SWE over 58 years (1961–2018) as a trend and a shift. The task tested whether the SWE is consistent during ENSO phases utilizing the Kolmogorov – Smirnov (KS) test. Trend analysis was performed on the SWE data of each ENSO phase. Shift analysis was performed in the entire time series of 58 years. Additionally, the trend in the SWE data was evaluated before and after shift years. Mann- Kendal and Pettit's tests were utilized for the detection of trend and shift, respectively. The serial correlation was considered during the trend evaluation, while Thiel-Sen approach was used for the evaluation of the trend magnitude. The serial correlation in time series which is the potential cause of overestimation and underestimation of the trend evaluation was found to be absent in the SWE data. The results suggested a negative trend and a shift during the study period. The negative trend was absent during neutral years and present during El Niño and La Niña years. The trend magnitudes were maximum during La Niña years followed by those during El Niño years and the entire length of the data. It was also observed that if the presence of negative shift in the SWE was considered, then most of the stations did not show a significant trend before and after the occurrence of a shift. The third task forecasted the streamflow at a regional scale within Sacramento San Joaquin (SSJ) River Basin with largescale climate variables. SSJ is an agricultural watershed located in the drought sensitive region of California. The forecast techniques involved a hybrid statistical framework that eliminates the bias resulting from predefined indices at regional scale. The study was performed for eight unimpaired streamflow stations from 1962 to 2016. First, the Singular Valued Decomposition (SVD) teleconnections of the streamflow corresponding to 500 mbar geopotential height, sea surface temperature, 500 mbar specific humidity (SHUM500), and 500 mbar U-wind (U500) were obtained. Second, the skillful SVD teleconnections were screened non-parametrically. Finally, the screened teleconnections were used as the streamflow predictors in the non-linear regression models (K-nearest neighbor regression and data-driven support vector machine). The SVD results identified new spatial regions that have not been included in existing predefined indices. The nonparametric model indicated the teleconnections of SHUM500 and U500 being better streamflow predictors compared to other climate variables. The regression models were capable to apprehend most of the sustained low flows, proving the model to be effective for drought-affected regions. It was also observed that the forecasting approach showed better forecasting skills with preprocessed large-scale climate variables rather than using the predefined indices. The techniques involved in this task was simple, yet robust in providing qualitative streamflow forecasts that may assist water managers in making policy-related decisions when planning and managing watersheds.
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Mazza, Luan Carlos dos Santos. "Single phase bidirectional DAB DC-DC converter based on three state switching cell." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14412.
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This work presented is DC-DC isolated ZVS Bidirectional Dual Active Bridge (DAB) single phase converter, based three-state switching cell is presented. The proposal is to apply it in photovoltaic systems with battery bank into smart networks. Basically the drive control is the duty cycle (D) of the switches and the Phase Shift (φ) of the fundamental tensions between the bridges. The gyrator modeling of the converter is presented, highlighting its natural operating characteristic as gyrator. Shows the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the converter, realizing the full study of the stages of operation of the topology and checking all sixteen regions of operation. To obtain the regions of soft-switching, the fundamental model is applied. The design procedure of the converter is presented, and the results of simulations. A 2kW prototype was developed, aimed at obtaining experimental results validate the theoretical analysisNeste trabalho à apresentado o conversor CC-CC ZVS isolado bidirecional Dual Active Bridge (DAB) monofÃsico, baseado na cÃlula de comutaÃÃo de trÃs estados. A proposta à aplicÃ-lo em sistemas fotovoltaicos com banco de baterias em redes inteligentes. Basicamente o controle do conversor consiste na razÃo cÃclica (D) dos interruptores e o Phase Shift (φ) entre as componentes fundamentais das tensÃes entre as pontes. A modelagem por gyrator do conversor à apresentada, destacando-se sua caracterÃstica natural de funcionamento como gyrator. Mostra-se a anÃlise qualitativa e quantitativa do conversor, realizando o estudo completo das etapas de operaÃÃo da topologia e verificando todas as dezesseis regiÃes de operaÃÃo. Para obtenÃÃo das regiÃes de comutaÃÃo suave, à aplicado o modelo fundamental. O procedimento de projeto do conversor à apresentado, alÃm dos resultados de simulaÃÃes. Um protÃtipo de 2 kW foi desenvolvido, visando a obtenÃÃo dos resultados experimentais e validando a anÃlise teÃrica.
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Buser, Michael. "Governance shifts and the city region : a comparative study of metropolitan governance in the United States and United Kingdom." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525192.
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McAfee, Stephanie. "CLIMATE CHANGE AND ECOSYSTEM IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH SHIFTS IN THE MID-LATITUDE STORM TRACK IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194001.
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One of the more robust 21st century projections from the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report (IPCC AR4) is a northward shift in the mean location of the Northern Hemisphere storm track. In the western United States, cool-season precipitation provides most of the water for domestic and industrial consumption, irrigation and power generation. In addition, winter precipitation is particularly effective in recharging soil moisture; as a result, it provides a strong control on the productivity of vegetation and on wildfire. Consequently, there is great interest in understanding 1) how changes in the storm track influence regional climate; 2) spatial and temporal variability in its impact; 3) how well general circulation models simulate the regional climate dynamics that bring precipitation to the West; and 4) whether errors in climate simulation might impact assessment of ecological changes. In order to investigate climate change in the western United States associated with shifts in the storm track, I analyzed the relationship between climate and the Northern Annular Mode (NAM). When the storm track is displaced to the north, there is an earlier transition to warm-season circulation patterns and weather conditions. However, the relationship between the winter NAM and climate is not stable over time. Further analysis identified changes in the correlations between the NAM and tree-ring width, precipitation and temperatures associated with changes in the phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Examining 18 of the IPCC AR4 coupled climate models demonstrated cool-season precipitation errors approaching 300% over western North America. These errors are related to difficulties in representing orography, given the coarse resolution of models, and they may influence the quality of precipitation projections into the future. A simple test using the Köppen classification system found that these precipitation errors lead to underestimating the area of the United States in dryland ecosystem types by up to 89% and consequently allowed for much greater expansion of dryland in the future than is actually likely. These studies suggest that the West is likely to experience greater drought in the future. However, no single tool can yet quantify that change.
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Orme, Andrew Dallin. "Analysis of Inlet Distortion Patterns on Distortion Transfer and Generation Through a Highly Loaded Fan Stage." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8649.
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Characterization of distortion transfer and generation through fans with distorted inlet conditions enables progress towards designs with improved distortion tolerance. The abruptness of transition from undistorted to distorted total pressure regions at the inlet impacts the induced swirl profile and therefore the distortion transfer and generation. These impacts are characterized using URANS simulations of PBS Rotor 4 geometry under a variety of inlet distortion profiles. A 90° and a 135° sector, both of 15% total pressure distortion, are considered. Variants of each sector size, with decreasing levels of distortion transition abruptness, are each applied to the fan. Fourier-based distortion descriptors are used to quantify levels of distortion transfer and generation at axial locations through the fan, principally at the stator inlet. It is shown that a gradual transition in distortion at the inlet results in decreased levels of distortion transfer and generation. The flow physics resulting in this reduction are explored. URANS simulations involving turbomachinery are complex and often require simplifying assumptions to balance computational costs with accuracy. One assumption removes the need for a nozzle to control nozzle operation condition and replaces it with a static pressure boundary condition located at the stator exit. This assumption is challenged by conducting a series of distorted inlet simulations with a nozzle, which are then compared to a corresponding set of simulations conducted using the exit boundary assumption. Performance parameters for each set of simulations are compared. Performance was observed to be within 1% difference between the two methods, supporting the assumption that a static pressure boundary is adequate for controlling inlet distortion simulations. Finally, full annulus URANS simulations are presented to investigate distortion phase shift in a single stage transonic fan. The fan is subject to a 90° sector inlet total pressure distortion. Simulation results are presented for choke, design, and near-stall operating conditions. Circumferential profiles of swirl, total pressure, total temperature, power, and phase shift are analyzed at 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% span. Several metrics for phase shift, which is a measure of the rotational translation of a distortion profile, are presented and compared. Each aims to assist understanding the translational motion of distortion as it passes through the fan. The different metrics used for phase shift are used to analyze distortion phase. Insights from each are presented alongside limitations for each method. A combination of methods is proposed to address their respective limitations.
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Southern, Scott Alexander. "Investigations of Non-Covalent Carbon Tetrel Bonds by Computational Chemistry and Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34408.
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Non-covalent bonds are an important class of intermolecular interactions, which result in the ordering of atoms and molecules on the supramolecular scale. One such type of interaction is brought about by the bond formation between a region of positive electrostatic potential (σ-hole) interacts and a Lewis base. Previously, the halogen bond has been extensively studied as an example of a σ-hole interaction, where the halogen atom acts as the bond donor. Similarly, carbon, and the other tetrel elements can participate in σ-hole bonds. This thesis explores the nature of the carbon tetrel bond through the use of computational chemistry and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
The results of calculations of interaction energies and NMR parameters are reported for a series of model compounds exhibiting tetrel bonding from a methyl carbon to the oxygen and nitrogen atoms in a range of functional groups. The ¹³C chemical shift (𝛿iso) and the ¹ᶜ𝐽(¹³C,¹⁷O/¹⁵N) coupling across the tetrel bond are recorded as a function of geometry. The sensitivity of the NMR parameters to the non-covalent interaction is demonstrated via an increase in 𝛿iso and in |¹ᶜ𝐽(¹³C,¹⁷O/¹⁵N)| as the tetrel bond strengthens. There is no direct correlation between the NMR trends and the interaction energy curves; the energy minimum does not appear to correspond to a maximum or minimum chemical shift or J-coupling value.
Gauge-including projector-augmented wave density functional theory (DFT) calculations of 𝛿iso are reported for crystals which exhibit tetrel bonding in the solid state. Experimental 𝛿iso values for sarcosine, betaine and caffeine and their tetrel-bonded salts generally corroborate the computational findings. This work offers new insights into tetrel bonding and facilitates the incorporation of tetrel bonds as restraints in NMR crystallographic structure refinement.
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Cubides, Victor Andres Vargas. "Sobre existência de estados de equilíbrio e limite em temperatura zero para shifts de Markov topologicamente mixing." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45131/tde-25112016-214355/.
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O objetivo desta tese é demonstrar que para um subshift de Markov topologicamente transitivo com alfabeto enumerável e um potencial ƒ com pressão de Gurevic finita e variação limitada (ƒ) < ∞, existe um único estado de equilíbrio µtƒ para cada t > 1, e a família (µtƒ)t>1 tem um ponto de acumulação quando t > ∞. Além disso se também supomos que o ƒ é um potencial de Markov, demonstramos que a família de estados de equilíbrio (µtƒ)t>1 converge quando t > ∞. Finalmente demonstramos a continuidade em ∞ da entropia com respeito ao parâmetro t. Estes resultados não dependem da hipótese de existência de medidas de Gibbs.The aim of this thesis is to prove that for a topologically transitive Markov subshift with countable alphabet and a summable potential ƒ with finite topological pressure Gurevic and bounded variation (ƒ) < ∞, there exists an equilibrium state µtƒ tf for each t > 1 and the family of equilibrium states (µtƒ)t>1 associated to each potential tf has an accumulation point at t > ∞. Moreover if we also assume that ƒ is a Markov potential we prove that the equilibrium states family (µtƒ)t>1 converges when t > ∞. Finally we prove the continuity at ∞ of the entropy with respect to the parameter t. These results do not depend on assuming the existence of Gibbs measures.
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Клок, Сергій Володимирович, Serhii Volodymyrovych Klok, Анатолій Олександрович Корнус, Anatolii Oleksandrovych Kornus, Олена Сергіївна Данильченко, and Olena Serhiivna Danylchenko. "Current State of Snow Cover in the Area of Ukrainian Antarctic Research Base "Academician Vernadsky"." Scientific Committee Antarctic Research, 2020. http://repository.sspu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9112.
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The paper analyzes the results of comprehensive observations of the snow cover in the area of the Ukrainian Antarctic research base "Academician Vernadsky" for 1986-2019. It has been established that the formation of a snow mass of 2-3 m high in the region occurs under relatively warm conditions (average January temperature of 0.7 °C, the sum of the temperatures of the winter months is -23.7 °C) and during long (6-7 months) winter. Because of it, snow falls wet, its temperature is close to 0 °C, the dynamic factor increases its density to 0.5 g/cm3 and higher.Аналізуються результати комплексних спостережень за сніговим покривом в районі Української антарктичної дослідницької станції «Академік Вернадський» за 1986-2019 роки. Встановлено, що утворення снігової маси висотою 2-3 м у регіоні відбувається за відносно теплих умов (середня температура січня 0,7°С, сума температур зимових місяців -23,7°С) та протягом тривалої (6-7 місяців) зими. Через це сніг падає мокрим, температура його близька до 0°C, динамічний коефіцієнт збільшує його щільність до 0,5 г/см3 і вище.
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Schröder, Arne. "Alternative Stable States in Size-Structured Communities : Patterns, Processes, and Mechanisms." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Ecology and Environmental Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1628.
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Alternative stable states have been, based on theoretical findings, predicted to be common in ecological systems. Empirical data from a number of laboratory and natural studies strongly suggest that alternative stable states also occur in real populations, communities and ecosystems. Potential mechanisms involve population size-structure and food-dependent individual development. These features can lead to ontogenetic niche shifts, juvenile recruitment bottlenecks and emergent Allee effects; phenomena that establish destabilising positive feedbacks in a system and hence create alternative stable states.
I studied the consequences of population size-structure for community dynamics at different scales of system complexity. I performed laboratory and ecosystem experiments. Small poecilliid fishes and planktonic invertebrates with short generation times and life spans were used as model organisms. This allowed me to assess the long-term dynamics of the populations and communities investigated.
The main experimental results are: (a) An ontogenetic niche shift in individuals of the phantom midge Chaoborus made the population vulnerable to an indirect competitive recruitment bottleneck imposed by cladoceran mesozooplankton via rotifers. Consequentially the natural zooplankton food web exhibited two alternative attractors. (b) Body size determined the success of Poecilia reticulata invading resident population of Heterandria formosa and thus the type of alternative stable state that established. Small invaders were outcompeted by the residents, whereas large invaders excluded their competitor by predating on its recruits. (c) External juvenile and adult mortality altered the internal feedback structure that regulates a laboratory population of H. formosa in such a way that juvenile biomass increased with mortality. This biomass overcompensation in a prey population can establish alternative stable states with top-predators being either absent or present.
The major conclusion is that size-structure and individual growth can indeed lead to alternative stable states. The considerations of these ubiquitous features of populations offer hence new insights and deeper understanding of community dynamics. Alternative stable states can have tremendous consequences for human societies that utilise the ecological services provided by an ecological system. Understanding the effects of size-structure on alternative stability is thus crucial for sustainable exploitation or production of food resources.
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Kane, Joshua. "Infrastructure of aggression : military expenditure during the British industrial and the American informational mode of development shifts /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8875.
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Svanholm, Daniel. "Monetary Policy Regime Shifts in Hungary: A State-Space Approach : A study of a modified Taylor Rule in Hungary with thime-varying properties of monetary policy." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-43560.
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This thesis demonstrates how a Taylor rule could capture the monetary policy decision pro- cess with imperfect information. The changes in the weights present in the rule reflect policy regime shifts. This framework is suitable in studying a small open transitional economy such as Hungary in recent years. This thesis employs the State-Space model which may capture the time-varying weights in the Taylor rule and an Autoregressive Hidden Markov Model which may identify unobservable or hidden underlying regimes using structural breaks. This thesis employs a sample period from 2000Q1-2020Q2, which finds that an active monetary policy regime transitions to a passive regime which becomes dominant in the second half of the sample, namely from 2014Q1 onward. Additionally, evidence of ineffective monetary policy is found. As general evidence, this thesis finds support for the Taylor rule constructed through the partial use of intermediate policy targets such as the real effective exchange rate. Which becomes ineffective towards the end of the sample, as the nominal interest rate degrades from two percent towards the zero lower bound.
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Weiss, Joseph. "A Solid-State 11B NMR and Computational Study of Boron Electric Field Gradient and Chemical Shift Tensors in Boronic Acids and Boronic Esters." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19737.
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The results of a solid-state 11B NMR study of a series of boronic acids, boronic esters, and boronic acid catechol cyclic esters with aromatic substituents are reported in this thesis. Boron-11 electric field gradient (EFG) and chemical shift (CS) tensors obtained from analyses of spectra acquired in magnetic fields of 9.4 T and 21.1 T are demonstrated to be useful for gaining insight into the molecular and electronic structure about the boron nucleus. It can be concluded that when adequate electronic variation is present in the compounds being studied, Ω is generally the most characteristic boron NMR parameter of the molecular and electronic environment for boronic acids and esters. Importantly, these data are only reliably accessible in ultrahigh magnetic fields. The experimental span values result from a delicate interplay of several competing factors, including hydrogen bonding, the value of the dihedral angle, and the type of aromatic ring system present.
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Schellekens, Tim. "The effects of stage-specific differences in energetics on community structure." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-33444.
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When intraspecific individuals differ in resource intake, scramble competition occurs among inferior individuals growing food-dependently. Scramble can be released through predation mortality. As a consequence of this release, production rates in inferior individuals increase and biomass overcompensation in the subsequent life-stages may occur. When intraspecific individuals do not differ in their resource intakes biomass overcompensation does not occur. If an individual changes its resource intake over ontogeny, the balance of intake and losses, its energetics, will change over ontogeny. Furthermore, differences will arise between the energetics of different life-stages. The predominant volume of interspecific competition theory is based on studies assuming no stage-specific differences in energetics, neglecting the influence of ontogeny on community dynamics altogether. We study how an stage-specific differences in energetics affect expectations from conventional competition theory. We use a stage-structured biomass model consistently translating individual life history processes, in particular food-dependent growth in body size, to the population level. The stage-structured population can be reduced to an unstructured population, if the energetics of all individuals are assumed to be equal. The stage-structured model, however can also describe population dynamics when this equality is broken. We use the stage-structured biomass model to contrast the stage-specific differences resulting in a stage-structured population model, with an unstructured population model assuming no differences between stages. We show that stage-specific differences in energetics can affect competition on various trophic levels. I: In stead of outcompeting each other, a predator can be facilitated by another preying a scrambling prey life-stage of the same prey population. II: In coexistence with their prey, omnivores with an ontogenetic diet shift, where juvenile omnivores feed on resource and adults on prey, affect community structure only as predators, not as competitors to their prey. We show coexistence of omnivore and prey is not possible if the dominating interaction is competition. Feeding on prey, however, alleviates competition with prey and facilitates the introduction of omnivores. III: An ontogenetic diet shift creates niche partitioning, where without it this would result in neutral coexistence of two consumers competing for two resources. IV: Furthermore, predators can change resource requirements of diet shifters such that diet shifters can reduce resources to lower equilibria and sustain higher predator biomass than consumers without stage-specific differences in energetics.LEREC
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Pal, Singh Amrit [Verfasser], and Roman [Akademischer Betreuer] Schnabel. "Intensity-dependent phase shifts in optical materials for quantum state preparation and absorption measurements in thin film coatings and bulk material / Amrit Pal Singh ; Betreuer: Roman Schnabel." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161530266/34.
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Song, Guangjie. "Structure analyses of cellobiose and cellulose using X-ray diffraction and solid-state NMR spectroscopy on oriented samples." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199362.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第19038号
農博第2116号
新制||農||1031(附属図書館)
学位論文||H27||N4920(農学部図書室)
31989
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授 木村 恒久, 教授 西尾 嘉之, 教授 髙野 俊幸
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Lellock, John Slade. "Crafting Legitimacy: Status Shifts, Critical Discourse, and Symbolic Boundaries in the Cultural Field of Craft Beer in the United States from 2002 to 2017." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99858.
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Over the last few decades, the production and consumption of craft beer in the United States has witnessed a spectacular increase. According to the Brewer's Association (2020), there were approximately 89 breweries operating in the United States in 1978 compared to 8,386 in 2019. Along with this rapid market expansion, the cultural status of beer also underwent significant changes. Despite the exponential rise in the number of craft breweries as well as the emergence of a craft beer culture, little empirical scholarship on the field of craft beer exists. In this study, I analyze the rapid status shift of craft beer by exploring its social history of changes that occurred both exogenously to the cultural field of craft beer as well as endogenous developments within the field. Further, I examine in detail the emergence and role of a critical discourse surrounding craft beer culture in relation to its involvement in the elevation of status as well as the construction of symbolic and social boundaries. The theoretical foundation for this study draws on insights from work on cultural fields (Bourdieu 1993), art worlds (Becker 1982), cultural and artistic legitimation (Baumann 2001; 2007a; 2007b; 2011), social and symbolic boundaries (Lamont and Molnar 2002), and the production of culture perspective (Peterson and Anand 2004). Data for this project come both from secondary and original sources including All About Beer magazine and semi-structured face-to-face interviews with craft beer industry professionals. My findings suggest that while the status elevation of the field of craft beer has closely followed those of other legitimized fields (e.g., film), unique discursive and institutional dynamics are also salient. Specifically, I find that through critical discourse, the status elevation of craft beer in the United States context was directly related to a.) the establishment of beer travel as a cultural good, b.) the linkage of craft beer to predominantly white, middle-class leisure activities, c.) the association of beer to other high status gastronomic fields, and d.) the historicization of the field craft beer particularly via the mythologization of early pioneers.Doctor of Philosophy
Over the last few decades, the production and consumption of craft beer in the United States has witnessed a spectacular increase. According to the Brewer's Association (2020), there were approximately 89 breweries operating in the United States in 1978 compared to 8,386 in 2019. Along with this rapid market expansion, the public perception of craft beer also underwent significant changes. Despite the exponential rise in the number of craft breweries, craft beer's changing status, and the blossoming of American craft beer culture, little empirical scholarship on craft beer exists that explores the sociological aspects of the field. Drawing on multiple sociological theoretical frameworks I employ a multi-method research design to analyze both secondary and original data to explore questions surrounding the upward status elevation of craft beer from 2002 to 2017 in the United States context. My main findings suggest that through critical discourse, the status elevation of craft beer in the United States context was directly related to a.) the establishment of beer travel as a cultural good, b.) the linkage of craft beer to predominantly white, middle-class leisure activities, c.) the association of beer to other high status gastronomic fields such as wine, and d.) the historicization of the field craft beer particularly via the mythologization of early pioneers.
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Wang, Shaojun. "Strong light-molecule coupling : routes to new hybrid materials." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF038/document.
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Durant les 15 dernières années, le couplage fort lumière-matière avec des matériaux organiques a attiré un intérêt croissant, notamment à cause des valeurs extrêmes que peut atteindre l'écart énergétique entre les modes couplés dans ces systèmes. Ces modes couplés sont des hybrides lumière-matière, aussi appelés états polaritons et notés habituellement P+ et P-. La valeur de I' écart énergétique entre les modes couplés, également appelé énergie de Rabi-splitting, est provoqué par une transition efficace de dipôle moments entre des molécules et aussi par des cavités ou des plasmons en surface de petits volumes en mode de micro-Fabry-Pérot métalliques (FP) qui sont utilisés dans ces études. Rabi-splittings - 1eV représente souvent une fraction importante de l'énergie de transition électronique, dans ce cas, le système est appelé dans le régime de couplage ultra-forte. Dans ce régime, la physico-chimie des molécules ou des propriétés des matériaux du système couplé peuvent être modifié. En effet, d'effet a déjà été montré sur les voies de relaxation dans le système couplé, les taux de réactions photochimiques, le travail d'extraction et de la conductivité des semi-conducteurs organiques dans l'obscurité, entre autres choses. Une étude récente a pu montrer que l'énergie de l'état non-excité dans une étude thermodynamique peut également être décalée dans le régime de couplage ultra-fort. De plus, le couplage fort ne se limite pas à des transitions électroniques, mais peut aussi être utilisé pour perturber les vibrations de l'état non-excité de molécules dans la région infrarouge. Tous ces résultats montrent que le couplage fort en lumière-molécule a beaucoup de potentiel pour le matériel et la science moléculaire et mérite donc une étude plus approfondieOver the past 15 years, light-matter strong coupling involving organic materials has been of increasing interest due to the very large energy splitting such systems exhibit between the two hybrid light-matter states, also known as the polaritonic states typically denoted P+ and P-. The large energy splitting, so-called Rabi splitting, is the result of the high transition dipole moments of the molecules and the small mode volumes of micro-metallic Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavities or surface plasmons used in these studies. Rabi-splittings -1 eV have been observed, often representing a significant fraction of the electronic transition energy in which case the system is said to be in the ultra-strong coupling regime. ln this regime the physical chemistry of molecules or the properties of materials of the coupied system should be modified. lndeed, it has already been shown to affect the relaxation pathways in the coupled system, the rates of photochemical reactions, thework-function and conductivity of organic-semiconductors in the dark, among other things. A recent thermodynamic study demonstrated that the ground state energy can also be shifted in theultra-strong coupling regime. Moreover, the strong coupling is not limited to electronic transitions, but also can be used to perturb the ground-state vibrations of molecules in the infrared region. Ali these results suggest that light-molecule strong coupling has much potential for material and molecular science and therefore merits further study
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Attrell, Robert J. "A Solid-State 35Cl and 81Br NMR and Computational Study of Chlorine and Bromine Electric Field Gradient and Chemical Shift Tensors in Haloanilinium Halides." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20546.
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The results of a systematic 35Cl, 81Br, and 127I SSNMR spectroscopic study of a series of halogen-substituted anilinium halide salts are presented. Solid-state NMR of these nuclides, bromine-/81 and iodine-127 in particular, is not well established. Twenty-one compounds thought to exhibit halogen bonding were prepared based on modified literature procedures, and two crystal structures were solved. Experiments show that collection of SSNMR spectra of the anions is feasible, though ultrahigh magnetic fields (21.1 T) and variable offset data acquisition were found to be essential. Electric field gradient and chemical shift tensors are measured experimentally for all 21 compounds, significantly expanding the body of data for the quadrupolar halogen nuclei. Quadrupolar coupling constants for chlorine-35 ranged from 2.12 to 6.04 MHz, for bromine-81 from 12.3 to 45.3 MHz, and for iodine-127 from 57.50 to 152.50 MHz. Gauge-including projector-augmented wave density functional theory (GIPAW-DFT) calculations were used to provide insight as to how the NMR parameters vary with local environment and long-range crystal packing. Overall, calculations reproduced the experimental trends in quadrupolar coupling constants and chemical shift tensor span (Ω) but failed to provide quantitative agreement within experimental error. Experimental and computational data were analyzed in order to provide insight into how halogen bonding influences NMR parameters. Several trends were elucidated from this study, including an inverse correlation between Ω and the length of the shortest halogen-halide contact (d). In selected bromine compounds, for example, Ω (81Br) was measured to increase from 120 to 240 ppm as d decreased from 3.838 to 3.443 Å. In summary, this study has demonstrated the feasibility and utility of quadrupolar halogen SSNMR, and that these techniques may prove useful in characterizing halogen bonding interactions in solids.
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Elhami, Esmat. "STUDIES OF LOW-LYING STATES IN 94ZR EXCITED WITH THE INELASTIC NEUTRON SCATTERING REACTION." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/624.
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The aim of nuclear structure studies is to observe and describe the structures and associated symmetries in nuclei, which in turn help us in understanding the nature of nucleon-nucleon interactions in a nucleus as a many-body quantum system. The protons and neutrons as constituents of a nucleus and their interactions are responsible for nuclear properties. The evolution of nuclear structure as a function of valence nucleon number, i.e., the number of nucleons beyond a magic number, can be inferred from the experimental level scheme and transition rates. In particular, the studies of low-lying, low-spin excited states in stable nuclei provide valuable information on the interplay of valence neutrons and protons in nuclear structure. The decay scheme and knowledge of transition strengths in the low-lying states become a benchmark for testing theoretical model predictions and understanding the underlying microscopic foundations of nuclear structure. Along with the experimental techniques, theoretical models have been developed to explain and describe the observed nuclear properties, e.g., shell model, Fermi-gas model, optical and liquid-drop models, and several “collective” models.
94/40Zr50 nucleus with 2 protons and 4 neutrons above the shell closures of the 88/38Sr50 core nucleus is considered as a nearly spherical nucleus. Such nuclei present a vibrational structure; surface vibration of the nucleus about a spherical shape. In addition to the symmetric excitations, in which proton and neutron oscillations are in phase, there are another class of excitations in which the wave function is not fully symmetric with respect to the exchange of protons and neutrons. These states are so called mixed-symmetry (MS) states. Such excitations have been observed in the N= 52 neighboring isotones. In this study, the low-lying structure of 94/40Zr has been studied with the (n, n'ƴ) reaction at the University of Kentucky and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratories (TUNL) facilities, to identify symmetric and MS excitations in this nucleus.
A decay scheme has been established based on excitation function and coincidence measurements. Branching ratios, multipole mixing ratios, and spin assignments have been determined from angular distribution measurements at En= 2.3, 2.8, and 3.5 MeV. Lifetimes of levels up to 3.4 MeV were measured by the Doppler-shift attenuation method (DSAM), and for many transitions reduced transition probabilities were determined. The experimental results were used for the identification of collective symmetric and mixed-symmetric (MS) multiphonon excitations. The 2+/2 state at 1671.4 keV has been identified as the lowest MS state in 94Zr; B(M1; 2+/ms → 2+/1 ) = 0.31(3) μ2/N. This state has an anomalous decay behavior, i.e., B(E2; 2+/ ms → 0+/1 ) = 7.8(7) W.u., which is unusually large compared to the B(E2; 2+/1 → 0+/1 ) = 4.9(3) W.u. More anomalies were identified in the states above the 2+/ms state. For example, the 4+/2 state at 2330 keV decays strongly to the 2+/1 state, B(E2; 4+/2 → 2+/1 ) = 20+3/−2 W.u., compared to the 4+/1 state at 1469 keV, B(E2; 4+/1 → 2+/1 ) = 0.878(23) W.u. The experimental results revealed additional interesting and unusual properties of the low-lying states in 94Zr. Shell model calculations were performed with the Oxbash code, using the Vlow k interaction. Also, the IBM-2 predictions in the vibrational limit were compared with the experimental results. The results from neither of these nuclear models were in good agreement with the observed transition strengths, e.g., the B(E2; 2+/ms → 0+/1 ) value. These observations may indicate that the contributions of valence nucleons in the low-lying excited states of 94Zr differ from what has been perscribed by the shell model and the IBM-2 model. The effects of the Z = 40 and N = 56 subshell closures should be also considered. In a simple interpretation, the excited states are classified in two distinct categories, i.e., those populating the 2+/2 state and those decaying to the 2+/1 state. This approach suggests that in 94Zr the low-lying states may be related to two-configurations coexistence.
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Artuso, Everton. "Deslocamentos em Z² : equação cohomológica e operadores de transferência." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148293.
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Nosso objetivo nesse trabalho é estudar o comportamento dos operadores de transferência em f0, 1gN2 , um associado ao deslocamento horizontal (se1 ) e outro associado ao deslocamento vertical (se2 ). Construímos uma equação cohomológica para fins de ampliar a gama de funções às quais os operadores de transferência se aplicam. Estudamos também o comportamento do operador de transferência obtido pela composição dos dois operadores citados e, em condições de comutatividade, encontramos um autovalor e uma autofunção associada, ambos estritamente positivos, e uma automedida para o operador dual, associada ao mesmo autovalor. Tal automedida é um estado de equilíbrio. Além disso, estudamos algumas propriedades ergódicas de transformações de blocos.In this work we study the behavior of the transfer operators in f0, 1gN2 , one associated with horizontal shift (se1 ) and other associated with vertical shift (se2 ). We build a cohomological equation for the purpose of expanding the range of functions to which the transfer operators apply. We also study the behavior of the transfer operator obtained by the composition of the two cited operators and, in the conditions of commutativity, we find an eigenvalue and an associated eigenfunction, both strictly positive, and an eigen measuse for the dual operator, associated with the same eigenvalue. This eigen measure is an equilibrium state. Furthermore, we study some ergodic properties of block transformations.
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Boada, Garcia Jordi. "Change agents: sea urchin regulation and state shifts in Mediterranean macrophyte systems = Agents de canvi: el control de les garotes i els canvis d'estat en els ecosistemes de macròfits de la Mediterrània." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/397785.
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Macrophyte systems are globally vulnerable to overgrazing, often shifting precipitously to functionally poorer alternative stable states triggered by herbivore population outbreaks. Sea urchin herbivory can cause shifts in shallow macrophyte systems in the Mediterranean (i.e. macroalgal communities and seagrass meadows) changing the structure of these communities to completely bare extensions; rocky macroalgal systems are particularly prone to barren formation. These sudden transitions are inherently surprising making it very difficult to manage the rich diversity and productivity these ecosystems support. This thesis attempts to address the uncertainty underlying these regime transitions by first identifying the location of critical thresholds in response to sea urchin stressors and then predicting how these thresholds vary under different environmental conditions. Specifically, it describes how inherently poor nutrient regions are more prone to catastrophic shifts related to two synergistic mechanisms, i) compensatory feeding by urchins in low nutrient regions and ii) higher rates of algal growth in high nutrient areas. Additionally, it identifies the principal regulatory processes determining variations in sea urchin numbers (main stressor) in the complex seascapes of mixed macroalgal communities and seagrass meadows that dominate shallow Mediterranean shores. Particularly, this thesis shows that habitat can determine when in the sea urchin’s life history this regulation occurs. While predation is the most
important agent of regulation in both macroalgal and seagrass meadows, populations are also highly influenced by migration and settlement processes. Finally, it describes the importance of identifying hotspots of functional predation (main regulating agent) across a wide stretch of coastline to implement management actions and preserve the sustainability of macrophyte ecosystems. In parallel, this thesis also tests the effectiveness of a widely-employed but rarely tested assay to measure rates of predation that was central to this work. The results of this assessment show that marking sea urchins in the field by piercing is a very reliable tool to measure predation rates, neither affecting the mortality of the marked organism nor enhancing its detectability by predators. Overall, the results presented here will enhance the predictability of catastrophic transitions in Mediterranean macrophyte systems and could potentially be extrapolated to other ecosystems in temperate seas.Los ecosistemas de macrófitos son sistemas especialmente vulnerables al herbivorismo sobredimensionado. Estos, pueden sufrir cambios funcionales bruscos cuando las poblaciones de herbívoros crecen de manera descontrolada, precipitando hacia estados alternativos estables poco productivos. El herbivorismo de los erizos de mar puede ser causa de estos cambios de fase en los sistemas de macrófitos marinos costeros en el Mediterráneo (comunidades de macroalgas y praderas de fanerógamas marinas). Las comunidades de macroalgas son particularmente susceptibles a la presión de los erizos, que provoca importantes cambios estructurales en los sistemas rocosos dejando a su paso extensas zonas desérticas conocidas como blanquizales. Estos cambios de fase son difícilmente predecibles y como consecuencia, la diversidad y productividad de estos ecosistemas es muy difícil de gestionar. La presente tesis pretende reducir la incertidumbre asociada dichos cambios de fase, identificando primero, la posición del umbral crítico (presión de herbivorismo) que provoca la perdida de estructura y segundo, cómo este umbral puede variar en función de las condiciones ambientales específicas de una región. En particular, se describe como las zonas pobres en nutrientes son más susceptibles a los cambios de fase debido a i) compensación alimentaria en las zonas de bajos nutrientes y ii) aumento en las tasas de crecimiento de las algas en zonas de altos nutrientes. Adicionalmente, se identifican los principales procesos que determinan variaciones en las poblaciones de erizos de mar (estresor principal) en los ecosistemas costeros de macroalgas y fanerógamas marinas del Mediterráneo. En particular, se demuestra como el hábitat puede determinar el momento y los procesos en qué la regulación de las poblaciones tiene lugar. Finalmente, esta tesis describe la importancia de identificar los puntos calientes de depredación (principal agente regulador de las poblaciones de erizos) para la gestión sostenible de los ecosistemas de macrófitos costeros. En paralelo, se prueba la fiabilidad de una metodología extensamente utilizada en el marcaje de erizos de mar para el análisis de depredación, observando cómo esta técnica es perfectamente fiable en el análisis de depredación de erizos de mar, no afectando a la mortalidad de los individuos marcados ni a su detectabilidad por parte de depredadores. En global, los resultados presentados mejoraran la capacidad para predecir los cambios entre estados alternativos de los ecosistemas de macrófitos en el Mediterráneo y potencialmente de otros ecosistemas similares en los mares templados a nivel global.
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Ravaioli, Giovanni. "Learning and accepting quantum physics. Re-analysis of a teaching proposal." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11220/.
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Nella tesi è analizzata nel dettaglio una proposta didattica sulla Fisica Quantistica elaborata dal gruppo di ricerca in Didattica della Fisica dell’Università di Bologna, in collaborazione con il gruppo di ricerca in Fisica Teorica e con ricercatori del CNR di Bologna. La proposta è stata sperimentata in diverse classi V di Liceo scientifico e dalle sperimentazioni sono emersi casi significativi di studenti che non sono riusciti ad accettare la teoria quantistica come descrizione convincente ad affidabile della realtà fisica (casi di non accettazione), nonostante sembrassero aver capito la maggior parte degli argomenti e essersi ‘appropriati’ del percorso per come gli era stato proposto.
Da questa evidenza sono state formulate due domande di ricerca: (1) qual è la natura di questa non accettazione? Rispecchia una presa di posizione epistemologica o è espressione di una mancanza di comprensione profonda? (2) Nel secondo caso, è possibile individuare precisi meccanismi cognitivi che possono ostacolare o facilitare l’accettazione della fisica quantistica?
L’analisi di interviste individuali degli studenti ha permesso di mettere in luce tre principali esigenze cognitive (cognitive needs) che sembrano essere coinvolte nell’accettazione e nell’apprendimento della fisica quantistica: le esigenze di visualizzabilità, comparabilità e di ‘realtà’.
I ‘cognitive needs’ sono stati quindi utilizzati come strumenti di analisi delle diverse proposte didattiche in letteratura e del percorso di Bologna, al fine di metterne in luce le criticità. Sono state infine avanzate alcune proposte per un suo miglioramento.
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Chapman, Rebecca. "Development and Application of Chlorine Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Quantum Chemical Calculations to the Study of Organic and Inorganic Systems." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20555.
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Chlorine solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) is an ideal site specific probe of chloride-containing solids as SSNMR tensor properties are sensitive to the local chlorine environment. In this thesis, the development and use of chlorine SSNMR as a method to characterize a wide variety of chemical environments was explored. Ultrahigh field, and multi-field studies were essential to overcome the difficulties associated with the collection of chlorine SSNMR spectra.
Benchmark chemical shift (CS) and electric field gradient (EFG) tensor data were collected for organic chloride systems, including several amino acid hydrochlorides. These experiments demonstrated the sensitivity of chlorine SSNMR to slight changes in chemical environment. Quantum chemical calculations were used to complement experimental data, with the gauge-including projector augmented wave DFT (GIPAW-DFT) method shown to yield better agreement than B3LYP or RHF methods. The GIPAW-DFT method was found to slightly, but systematically, overestimate the chlorine quadrupolar coupling constant and the CS tensor span. Other organic chlorides examined by chlorine SSMR included a known ion receptor, meso-octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole. This compound was found to have a very small quadrupole interaction (QI), but significant chemical shift anisotropy (CSA). GIPAW-DFT calculations were also utilized and, in combination with the experimental results, used to identify the solvate structure of the material analyzed by NMR.
Chlorine SSNMR was further used to study different solvate structures and polymorphism. The technique was an effective means to distinguish different room temperature polymorphs of benzidine hydrochloride, despite the similarities of the chloride environments. In the case of magnesium chloride, chlorine SSNMR was sensitive to the level of hydration and through the use of GIPAW-DFT calculations, the identity of an unknown hydrate was determined.
An analysis of several group thirteen chlorides demonstrated that chlorine SSNMR was also capable of characterizing the chlorine environment in cases where the QI is large, despite the resulting broad line widths. In these systems GIPAW-DFT calculations also yielded excellent agreement with experimental values.
Throughout this research, chlorine SSNMR has been shown to be a useful and effective means to study both organic and inorganic chlorides, with computational methods proving to be an important complement to experimental data.
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Benitez, Juan Manuel. "A social history of the Mexico-United States border how tourism, demographic shifts and economic integration shaped the image and identity of Tijuana, Baja California, since World War II /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1031039661&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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