Academic literature on the topic 'Shinto Gods'
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Journal articles on the topic "Shinto Gods"
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Chikuda, Tetsuo. "Shinran's Attitude towards Shinto Gods." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 38, no. 1 (1989): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.38.49.
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Desfiyadin Nugraha, Brafangestu Candra, Idah Hamidah, and Diana Puspitasari. "Kepercayaan Dan Praktik Shinto Dalam Anime Noragami." KIRYOKU 5, no. 1 (2021): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v5i1.112-121.
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The aim of this research is to describe beliefs and Shinto practices in the anime Noragami based on the concept of religion by Koentjaraningrat and references from Danamdjaja, Nadroh and Azmi. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, the data collection technique used was a note-taking technique. The data used are dialogues and screenshots. The data analysis technique was carried out by analyzing the dialogue in the anime noragami related to beliefs or Shinto practices. Found three concepts of beliefs from the anime include beliefs in the existence of God, belief in the soul(spirit) of the dead, and belief in the evil spirit (ghost or monster). While Shinto rites were found, three practices include purification, offerings to gods and praying. The conclusions of this study about Japanese people’s beliefs contained in the anime Noragami in the form of supernatural and soul (spirit) concepts. For Shinto practices focus on purity, impurity and then ask God
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Ng, Benjamin Wai-ming. "The Yijing Principles in the Japanese Creation Myth: A Study of the Jindai-No-Maki (‘Chapters on the Age of the Gods’) in the Nihon Shoki (‘The Chronicles Of Japan’)." Literature & Theology 37, no. 2 (2023): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/litthe/frad007.
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Abstract The Yijing (‘Classic of Changes’) is an important text in Daoist and Confucian traditions in China. It also served as a building block of ancient Japanese culture. The Japanese creation myth described in the Jindai no maki (‘Chapters on the Age of the Gods’) of the Nihon shoki (‘Chronicles of Japan’, 720 CE) was strongly influenced by such Yijing-related concepts as taiji (‘Supreme Ultimate’), yinyang (the two complementary and contradictory forces in the universe), qiankun (first two trigrams representing heaven and earth), sancai (three powers or realms of the universe: heaven, earth, man), wuxing (five phases or agents), and bagua (eight trigrams). The Japanese creation myth was later Confucianised in the Tokugawa period (1603–1868), when Japanese Confucian and Shinto scholars provided the Neo-Confucian metaphysical underpinning for Shinto mythology. Based on a close reading of the Jindai no maki, this study aims to investigate how Yijing-related concepts were used to construct the Japanese creation myth and how Tokugawa Confucian and Shinto scholars further elaborated upon it.
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Afrianti, Muflikhatun. "DEWI IZANAMI DAN DEWA IZANAGI DALAM AGAMA SHINTO JEPANG (STUDI SEMIOTIK DALAM FILM NORAGAMI ARAGOTO)." RELIGI JURNAL STUDI AGAMA-AGAMA 14, no. 2 (2019): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/rejusta.2018.1402-02.
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This study examines the mythology of Izanami Goddess and Izanagi God in Japanese Shinto religion and representations of Izanami Goddess and Izanagi God in the film Noragami Aragoto Adachitoka’s creation directed by Kotaro Tamura. This study is important because the story of Izanami Goddess and Izanagi God has never been adopted in modern scientific literature even though it has been listed in several anime in Japan. The research data was collected through documentation on the Kojiki and Nihonsoki books as well as capturing scenes of Noragami Aragoto films. Then analyzed using Christian Metz's language cinematography theory and Rudolf Otto's sacred theory. The results showed that firstly, based on the phenomenological perspective and sacrity from Rudolf Otto, Izanami Goddess and Izanagi God in Japanese Shinto mythology were the ancestors of the Mother and Father of the Gods and divine beings and played an active role in the creation of islands in Japan along with its contents. Secondly, in the Noragami Aragoto film, the perspective of cinematographic language Christian Metz, Izanami Goddess and Izanagi God are represented as mysteries of Father and Mother of Ebisu God (Hiruko) and Yaboku God (Awashima or Aha) with backgrounds that are very different from each other.Key Words: mythology, Shinto, Izanami, Izanagi, cinematographic language, and sacred.
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Rahmah, Yuliani. "Refleksi Ajaran Shinto Dalam Omamori." KIRYOKU 3, no. 4 (2019): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v3i4.188-194.
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(Title: Shintoism Reflection InOmamori) Shinto handed down from generation to the next generation. Shintoism have had a strong influence on the lives of Japanese people, from festival activities to objects in their surroundings. Omamori is known as one form of that influence and became a culture part of the harmonization of the Shintoism and Buddhism. As one of the sacred objects which are still trusted by Japanese people, the existence of omamori is so popular even in modern society. Through a literature review, this article aims to describe what parts of the omamori are a reflection of Shintoism. The results obtained show that the reflection can be seen among others in the omamori user's belief in the existence of kamisama (Gods), and evil spirits, also can be seen from the material of the omamori itself.
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Yamazaki, Ryumyo. "The Essential Significance of “Non-worshipping of Shinto Gods”." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 37, no. 2 (1989): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.37.717.
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NOSE, Eisui. "On the View of the Shinto Gods in Rennyo's Ofumi." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 42, no. 2 (1994): 725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.42.725.
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Teeuwen, Mark. "Attaining Union with the Gods. The Secret Books of Watarai Shinto." Monumenta Nipponica 48, no. 2 (1993): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2385529.
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NOSÉ, Eisui. "A Historical Study of “Non-Worshipping of Shinto Gods” in Shin Buddhism." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 39, no. 1 (1990): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.39.203.
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Serang, Manuela Bernarda, and Nunuk Endah Srimulyani. "The Continuity Of Shinto Theatrical Dance in Aging Society Era: Case Study Of Kagura Dance Revitalization in Matsumae City Hokkaido." KIRYOKU 8, no. 1 (2024): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v8i1.157-161.
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The Kagura dance is a sacred, theatrical dance to entertain the Shinto gods. In several areas, including the city of Matsumae, Hokkaido island, this dance is threatened with extinction due to a lack of the next generation. Using an ethnographic approach, this research aims to describe the development of the Kagura dance and efforts to revitalize the dance amidst the aging society phenomenon that has hit Japan. The data collection techniques used were observation and in-depth interviews. Researchers observed the preparation process for the dance festival for six months and conducted interviews with Shinto priests, local Education and Culture Service employees, and hotel employees to gather data. The research results show that the potential extinction of the Kagura dance is mainly caused by the reduction in the young population because most of the population urbanizes to study and work in big cities. The revitalization strategy that has been carried out is establishing the Kagura Matsumae preservation body which oversees the Matsumae shrine, the Kagura Kiyobe Preservation Society, the Haraguchi Preservation Society, and teaching the locality of Matsumae City from elementary to middle school students. The effort has a positive impact on student's awareness of preserving Kagura dance. Some students have joined and become the main members of the Kagura Preservation Body. Since the majority of people moved to the urban areas, the revitalization effort has not been completely successful. However, it can be seen that the city government's awareness and efforts are very high to maintain traditional culture.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shinto Gods"
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Tokumoto, Hiroko. "The god that failed : the literary trajectory of Shimao Toshio." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31148.
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The topic of this thesis is the literary career of Shimao Toshio, as far as possible considered as a whole. It is my contention that previous scholarship has merely focused on the details of his sometimes riotously surrealistic storytelling, and has almost entirely neglected to ask what was the course of his overall development and the forces which drove his evolution as a writer.
The first chapter covers Shimao's early work, life, and wartime experiences. Drawing on his pre-war writings, which have been almost entirely neglected by previous scholars, I demonstrate that the sense of alienation engendered by his unusual life experiences and upbringing already flourished before he entered the military as a suicide pilot. His military career on the one hand reinforced earlier trends, in that he was never sent on an attack and was thus once again rejected by death, and on the other put him in a unnatural and displaced position, as he unwittingly became almost a deity to the simple islanders among which he was stationed. Marrying an island woman, he took this social displacement along with him in the microclimate of his family for the first decade of the peace.
The second chapter covers Shimao's period of falseness, the time in which he still tried to maintain the unnaturally prominent position his experience on the island had thrust him into. His tensions erupt in his stories, many of which are set in entirely surrealistic surroundings. Any account of his career must explain why he writes precisely this type of story at
just this time: the "dream" fiction is characteristic of this time, and he does not write it before or afterwards. The story "Everyday Life in a Dream" is analyzed as the novelist's hara no naka "inner reality" - a fantasy of utter passivity, resenting the present inability of the other, the one above, to take its superior place. (It is most definitely not allegorical of the birth of the writer, but rather of his dissolution.) During this time, the false god is rebelling against his fate, in concealed and indirect way. However, we note that he is also undermining himself in real life, by episodes of poorly concealed infidelity.
The third chapter deals with the stories of retrospective confession he wrote after submitting to the leadership of his wife, which used a realistic mode of narration to relate how inadequate he really had been. They are dry relations of inferiority and internal conflict. "When We Never Left Port," the chief work under analysis here, could well have been subtitled, "Why I Was Never Fit to Become a God."
The fourth chapter deals with The Sting of Death, the series of linked stories in which Shimao wrote a history of his fall and his wife's rise. "The Sting of Death" - is sin, but what is the primary sin in Christianity? The pride that leads man to set himself equal to or above god - read here, the pride that leads Shimao to set himself equal to or above his wife. His false pride must be broken before they can live in peace, through a long process of interrogation and humiliation. The end product is a reversal of roles, the symbolic death of incarceration in a mental home, and a rebirth into her mileau. The image of their rotten old bamboo fence being replaced with a
new, white one drives home the reality of the new god in the shrine of the home. Images of darkness and rain are prominent - the bright, male deity is being extinguished and reborn as a follower
Thus Shimao's career may be seen as a journey that began with him in a false role, sinning against his wife in the same way Lucifer sinned against God. "Beware pride, by that sin the angels fell." However, he has a chance to recompense his sin by sacrificing all his poor shreds of individuality on the altar of his wife's worship. When he does, they for the first time enter a state of solidly founded relative happiness, and his work ceases to show the surrealistic strain it demonstrated before. Indeed, it soon degenerates into something rather mediocre and workmanlike.
Finally, we attempt a very brief comparison of Shimao and Tanizaki as woman-worshippers. Both are submissions based on blind idealization, but in Tanizaki's case, the submission is made freely - his characters blind themselves with open eyes, so to speak, as in A Portrait of Shunkin (where this is literally true). Tanizaki's "mad old man" chooses of his own free will to spend eternity beneath the feet of his daughter in law - he wants it, he schemes to have it, for the good reason that this is what he enjoys. Even in slavery he excercises his own powers of free choice. But poor Shimao has no such choice. He can merely struggle along, waiting to be put back in his natural position, that of the shadow. Only then is he happy.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Asian Studies, Department of<br>Graduate
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Santana, Octávio José Santos de 1990. "Medição fraca do deslocamento Goos-Hänchen próximo do ângulo crítico para reflexão interna total." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/276933.
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Orientador: Luís Eduardo Evangelista de Araujo<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T09:20:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2015<br>Resumo: Um feixe de luz, após sofrer uma reexão em uma interface plana, é deslocado do caminho previsto pela ótica geométrica. Este desvio do feixe é muito pequeno, tipicamente da ordem do comprimento de onda da luz, que é muito menor do que o tamanho do feixe. Portanto, é difícil de se medir. A técnica de medição fraca óptica tem sido utilizada com sucesso em investigações de deslocamentos de feixe, tal como o deslocamento Goos-Hänchen (GH) e o deslocamento Imbert-Fedorov (IF) (esses são deslocamentos longitudinal e perpendicular ao plano de incidência, respectivamente). Em uma medição fraca, o sistema de medida é projetado sobre um determinado estado nal (pós-seleção), quase ortogonal ao estado inicial (pré-seleção), dando origem a um valor fraco que pode assumir valores muito grandes (amplicados). Nesta dissertação estudamos experimentalmente o deslocamento Goos-Hänchen de um feixe gaussiano focalizado ao sofrer reexão interna total em um prisma via medida fraca. Investigamos este efeito em torno do ângulo crítico c para reflexão interna total. Nosso experimento demonstra pela primeira vez que há uma dependência axial do valor fraco que tem que ser levado em conta, além de um fator fenomenológico na equação de correção do valor fraco. Comparações entre os dados com e sem o fator fenomenológico foi feita, mostrando que ao utilizar esse fator, nossos resultados experimentais mostram um excelente acordo com a previsão teórica<br>Abstract: A beam of light, after reection from a planar interface, is shifted from the path predicted by ray optics. Such a beam shift is very small, typically of the order of the wavelength of light, which is much smaller than the physical size of the beam. Therefore, it is dicult to measure. The optical weak measurement technique has been successfully used in investigations of beam displacements such as the Goos-Hänchen (GH) and the Imbert-Fedorov (IF) shifts (these are longitudinal and perpendicular to the plane of incidence, respectively). In a weak measurement, the measured system is projected onto a certain nal state (postselected), nearly orthogonal to the inicial state (preselected), giving rise to a measured weak value that may take on very large (amplied). In this dissertation, we study experimentally the Goos-Hänchen shift of a focused Gaussian ligth beam undergoing total internal reection in a prism via weak measurement. We investigate this eect near the critical angle c for total internal reection. Our experiment demonstrates for the rst time that there is an axial dependence of the weak value that has to be taken into account, plus a phenomenological factor in the correction equation of the weak value. Comparisons between the data with and without the phenomenological factor was made, showing that by using this factor, our experimental results show an excellent agreement with the theoretical predication<br>Mestrado<br>Física<br>Mestre em Física<br>1186838/2013<br>CAPES
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Araújo, Manoel Pedro de 1980. "O deslocamento de Goos-Hänchen e os fenômenos da quebra de simetria para feixes gaussianos." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/276947.
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Orientadores: Stefano De Leo, Luis Eduardo Evangelista de Araújo<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T16:22:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2015<br>Resumo: Esta tese apresenta uma análise sobre o deslocamento de Goos-Hänchen, o desvio
angular da lei de Snell e o efeito de interferência entre feixes ópticos gaussianos.
Em nosso estudo o deslocamento de Goos-Hänchen foi obtido por meio do método
da fase estacionária. No regime de incidência crítica, tal deslocamento apresenta uma
forte dependência com a largura do feixe, em contraste com as expressões clássicas de
Artmann, que predizem um deslocamento infinito. Também na incidência crítica, observamos
que, dependendo da magnitude da largura da cintura do feixe, ocorre uma quebra
de simetria na distribuição de momento. A maximização da quebra de simetria leva ao
desvio angular da lei de Snell. Mostramos como reproduzir a máxima quebra de simetria
por uma estrutura dielétrica. Como resultado, obtivemos uma nova fórmula analítica para
o desvio angular. Ademais, foi possível estimar o deslocamento de Goos-Hänchen por
meio do efeito de interferência entre feixes. Nesta análise, observamos que, na incidência
crítica, a estimativa usada na literatura para o deslocamento de Goos-Hänchen não é
válida. Portanto, uma nova fórmula foi introduzida para estimar tal deslocamento<br>Abstract: This thesis presents some of the main phenomena associated with Goos-Hanchen shift, the angular deviation of the Snell¿s law and the interference effect among Gaussian optical beams.
In our study the Goos-Hänchen shift was obtained by using the stationary phase
method. In the case of incidence at critical angle, such displacement shows a strong dependence on the beam width in contrast with the classical expressions of Artmann, which
predict an infinite displacement. Also in the critical incidence we observed that, depending
on the magnitude of the beam waist, there is a symmetry breaking in the momentum
distribution. The maximization of symmetry breaking leads to the angular deviations of
the Snell¿s law. In this analysis we showed how to maximize this breaking of the symmetry
by a dielectric structure. As a result, we obtained an analytical formula to the
Snell¿s law angular deviation. Furthermore, we could estimate the displacement of Goos-
Hänchen through the interference effect among beams. The results of this analysis reveal
that, for the critical incidence, the estimative used in the literature for the Goss-Hänchen
shift is not valid. Therefore, a new formula was introduced to estimate such displacement.<br>Doutorado<br>Física<br>Doutor em Ciências
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Habasque, Pierre. "Oh my God, like, totally, you know? Le stéréotype Valley Girl, catalyseur de misogynie linguistique ?" Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30004.
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Cette thèse se propose d’étudier de quelle façon la misogynie peut prendre pour cible des pratiques linguistiques pouvant être perçues comme féminines et prend l’exemple du stéréotype sexiste de la « Valley Girl. » Ce terme, popularisé dans les années 1980 par le titre éponyme de Frank Zappa, a d’abord fait référence à des adolescentes, prétendument futiles et décérébrées, appartenant à la classe moyenne californienne. Bien que ces dernières aient été ridiculisées dans la chanson, cette exposition médiatique a paradoxalement eu pour effet de lancer un effet mode dont l’une des manifestations était linguistique : le Valspeak. Ce dialecte comprend entre autres des marqueurs phonétiques (le California Vowel Shift), prosodiques (l’utilisation d’un contour intonatif montant), lexicaux (fer sure, gag me with a spoon) ou de discours (LIKE). Bien que certains de ces marqueurs n’aient pas été (uniquement) popularisés par les Valley Girls, ils peuvent néanmoins être perçus comme tels, et y avoir recours peut exposer un locuteur à une perception négative de sa personne. Ce travail cherche à interroger les liens pouvant exister entre la stigmatisation des marqueurs du Valspeak et la misogynie, phénomène que nous appelons la « misogynie linguistique » du Valspeak. Dans quelle mesure la potentielle stigmatisation de ces marqueurs peut-elle être due au genre féminin des locutrices prototypiques de ce dialecte ? Trois éléments de réponse à cette question sont proposés. Tout d’abord, une étude de perception dialectale quantitative portant sur trois marqueurs du Valspeak (le California Vowel Shift, le contour intonatif montant et LIKE) est menée auprès de locuteurs de l’anglais américain. Deuxièmement, des entretiens qualitatifs ont pour but d’évaluer quelles idéologies sont associées aux marqueurs linguistiques du Valspeak et à la persona Valley Girl. Enfin, l’analyse porte sur trois représentations télévisuelles humoristiques de personnages féminins dans Parks and Recreation, Les Griffin et Ew! (un sketch dans The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon). Il est montré que des marqueurs du Valspeak sont utilisés afin d’orchestrer la stigmatisation de personnages féminins sans faire explicitement appel au stéréotype Valley Girl<br>This dissertation explores how misogyny may target language uses which may be perceived as feminine and centers on the "Valley Girl" stereotype. This term was popularized in the 1980s by Frank Zappa’s eponymous single and originally referred to supposedly vain and unintelligent female teenagers who belonged to the Californian middle class. Though Valley Girls were ridiculed in the song, the impact it had launched a craze that manifested linguistically in Valspeak. This dialect comprises markers which are mainly phonetic (the California Vowel Shift), prosodic (the High Rising Terminal contour), lexical ("fer sure," "gag me with a spoon"), or that can be found at the discourse level (LIKE). Though some of these markers were not (solely) popularized by Valley Girls, they may nevertheless be perceived as such, and a speaker using them may trigger negative social evaluations. This research explores how the potential stigmatizing perception of Valspeak may be linked to misogyny, which is a phenomenon we refer to as the "linguistic misogyny" of Valspeak. To what extent may linguistic stigma be induced by the gender of the prototypical speakers of this dialect? Three main analyses are provided. First, a quantitative perceptual dialectology study of three Valspeak markers (the California Vowel Shift, the High Rising Terminal contour, and LIKE) is conducted with native American English speakers. Then, qualitative interviews are carried out in order to determine what ideologies are associated with Valspeak markers and the Valley Girl persona. The third part of the analysis focuses on three humorous representations of female characters in television programs: Parks and Recreation, Family Guy, and Ew! (a segment on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon). It is suggested that Valspeak markers may be recruited in order to portray intellectually-challenged female characters without explicitly referring to the Valley Girl stereotype
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Pollock, Asher W. "Phase Shift." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1492781853322151.
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Olinyk, Christina E. "Poems of the Gods of the Heaven and the Earth." 2010. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/475.
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This thesis analyzes the development of the Jingika book in the first seven Japanese waka anthologies (chokusenshū). Jingika are Japanese poems written on the gods of the heaven and the earth and illustrate man’s interactions with them through worship and prayer. They have characteristics in common with what modern scholars term the Shinto religion, and have been referenced as such in past scholarship. However, jingika are more accurately a product of the amalgamation of native kami cults and foreign Buddhist doctrine. Although the first independent Jingika book emerged in the seventh anthology (Senzaishū), poems which can be termed Jingika book predecessors exist as early as the first (Kokinshū). The second chapter of this thesis determines which of those early poems had the most influence over the development of an independent Jingika book. The last chapter provides a full original translation of the thirty-three poems of the first Jingika book and analyzes the intricacies of their arrangement introduced through new methods of association and progression by Fujiwara no Shunzei. The shrines that are mentioned in the poems also correspond to the development of a state religion centered on a small number of shrines designated as protectors of the state. In light of this, the arrangement of the poems in the Jingika book creates a metaphysical pilgrimage to the most important shrines at the dawn of the medieval period and asserts the emperor’s position as cultural center during a time of political turmoil.
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Chen, Chih Wei, and 陳智偉. "Studies of Plasmonic Phenomena and Goos-Hanchen shifts at Metallic-Dielectric interface." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39000276590076007740.
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博士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>光電科學研究所<br>99<br>In recent years, Plasmonics is a very interesting research topic. For studies on surface plasmon, we focus on three parts that include (1) Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors, (2) optical and spectroscopic properties of metallic nanoparticles and nanoshells, and (3) Goos-Hanchen Shifts.
In the first part, we study surface plasmon resonance sensor. We investigated “Temperature dependence of the sensitivity of a long-range surface plasmon optical sensor” theoretically. It is found that the full width half maximum (FWHM) of reflective spectrum and temperature stability of long-range surface plasmon resonance are narrower and more stable then that in case with ordinary surface plasmon resonance.
In the second part, we study optical and spectroscopic properties of metallic nanoparticles and nanoshells. The first topic “Effects on the polarizability of mesoscopic metallic nanoparticles” is studied theoretically. We focus on the local and nonlocal effects of temperature and frequency variation on the polarizability of mesoscopic metallic nanoparticles. It is found that the imaginary part of the polarizability always increases with temperature and the real part of the polarizability can both increase or decrease with temperature dependent on the frequency. In addition, the nonlocal effects can be very different for different with the same size for the nanoparticles. The second topic “Nonlocality and particle-clustering effects on the optical response of composite materials with metallic nanoparticles” is studied also theoretically. It is found that the nonlocal effects lead to significant blue-shifted resonances when the particles coalesce. The third topic “Temperature dependence of enhanced optical absorption and Raman spectroscopy from metallic nanoparticles” is again studied theoretically. Numerical results show the temperature dependence of the spectroscopic properties of metallic nanoshells including absorption, scattering, and surface enhanced-Raman scattering (SERS). It is found that the SERS enhancement decreases when the nanoshells get heated up from room temperature and it has greater SERS enhancement rate at low frequency resonance.
In the third part, we study Goos-Hanchen(GH) Shifts. The first topic “Large negative Goos-Hanchen shift at metal surfaces” is studied theoretically. Numerical results show that large negative GH shifts can be obtained at incidence close to the grazing angle with TM-polarized light incident onto a semi-infinite metallic medium. Moreover, even at the Brewster angle for long-wavelengths that are still has over 70% of reflectivity for metals, much greater then that studied previously with semiconductors. The second topic “Optical Temperature Sensing Based on the Goos-Hanchen Effect” is also studied theoretically. It is found that the temperature sensor can be effective by using TM-polarized incident light at nearly grazing incidence onto the metal in which variation of negative GH shifts can be observed as a function of the temperature. The third topic “Extremely Large Goos-Hanchen Shifts induced by Long Range Surface Plasmon Excitations ” is also studied theoretically. Numerical results show that a both large negative and positive and a small negative GH shifts are observed on a four layer system correspond to the excitation of the long and short range surface plasmon resonance, respectively. It is also found that the GH shifts by long range surface plasmon resonance excitations is larger than ordinary SPR.
To sum up, the three themes (sensors, spectroscopic properties, and GH shifts) of Surface Plasmon are studied theoretically in this thesis.
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Faix, Tobias. "Wer sagen die Leute, wer ich bin? Eine qualitative Erhebung zur Gottesvorstellung bei Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Eine Studie aus der sicht empirischer Missionswissenschaft = Who do people say that I am? A qualitative research of the image of God among German youth. A study from the perspective of empirical Missiology." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/901.
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Zusammenfassung
Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit unternimmt den Versuch, einen konzeptionellen
Entwurf einer empirischen Missionswissenschaft als Grundlagenforschung zu
entwickeln, der im Praxisfeld durchgeführt wird. Dabei soll die intradisziplinäre
Vorgehensweise einen methodologischen Zugang sozialwissenschaftlicher
Methoden zur Missionswissenschaft möglich machen. Als Grundlage wird ein
Einblick in die sozialwissenschaftliche und missionswissenschaftliche Forschung
gegeben und daraus ein eigener, empirisch-theologischer Praxiszyklus entwickelt,
der die Methodologie der Untersuchung darstellt. Die inhaltliche Forschungsarbeit
fragt nach Gottesvorstellungen von Jugendlichen aus missionswissenschaftlicher
Sicht. Dabei wird die Möglichkeit missionarischer Begegnung und Ansprechbarkeit
von Jugendlichen im Kontext der kulturellen Veränderungen des postmodernen
Paradigmemwechsels beleuchtet. Die Frage, wie Gottesvorstellungen von
Jugendlichen gesellschaftlich geprägt und wie sich dies auf ihre Religiosität in
ihrem Alltag auswirkt, spielt in diesem Zusammenhang eine wichtige Rolle.
Deshalb wird nicht nur der aktuelle Forschungsstand zur Thematik untersucht,
sondern 18 Jugendliche werden in Form von halbstandardisierten Interviews
qualitativ befragt und ihre Aussagen empirisch-missiologisch ausgewertet.
Die Thesis hat somit zweierlei Zielsetzungen: Zum einen geht es um eine
empirisch-theologische Studie zur Erforschung von Gottesvorstellung bei
Jugendlichen im Hinblick auf ihre missionarische Ansprechbarkeit. Zum anderen
zielt sie darauf ab, durch Umsetzung des empirisch-theologischen Praxiszyklus
einen Typus zu entwickeln, der auch künftig in der Missionswissenschaft für
empirisch-theologische Erhebungen eingesetzt werden kann.
Summary
The intention of this research project is to evolve a concept for empirical
missiology as a method of fundamental research and to apply it in practice.
Through the usage of an intradisciplinary approach, access to missiology via the
methodology of the social sciences is rendered possible. To establish a basis, an
insight into social as well as missiological research will be given, and an inherent,
empirical-theological praxis cycle will be developed. This praxis cycle is the
methodology of this research paper. Concerning content, this research paper
scrutinises the image of God held by juveniles from a missiological point of view. It
considers the missionary receptiveness of juveniles in the context of cultural
change in the postmodernist shift of paradigm.
In how far are juvenile concepts of God marked by the correspondent social
environment and does that have an impact on their everyday religious behaviour?
Consequently not only the current state of research will be evaluated but,
furthermore, the half-standardised qualitative interviews of 18 juveniles will be
enclosed and their answers analysed on an empirical- missiological basis.
Hence, this thesis has a twofold aim; one considers empirical-theological research
as a way of evaluating concepts of God among juveniles with regard to their
missionary receptiveness. The other implements the empirical-theological praxis
cycle aiming to develop a type which enables further empirical-theological
investigation in missilogy.<br>Missiology<br>D.Th.
Books on the topic "Shinto Gods"
1
Nakamura, Masaharu. Kane no kami: Kamigami to ningen no ikiru shinri. Bungeisha, 2000.
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Kiyokawa, Riichirō. Kan Nihon nazo no kodaishi: Kakusareta kamigami no genzō. Sairyūsha, 1996.
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Hakubutsukan, Kōgakkan Daigaku Shintō, ed. Nihon no kamigami: Kōgakkan Daigaku Shintō Hakubutsukan kyōyō kōza kōenroku. Kōgakkan Daigaku Shuppanbu, 2000.
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Tokubetsuten "Furusato no Kamigami" Jikkō Iinkai. and Hyōgo Kenritsu Rekishi Hakubutsukan, eds. Furusato no kamigami: Shukusai no kūkan to bi no dentō. Tokubetsuten "Furusato no Kamigami" Jikkō Iinkai, 2008.
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Ninomiya, Masahiko. Kodai no jinja to saishi: Sono kōzō to tenkai. Sōgensha, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Shinto Gods"
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Dandarova-Robert, Zhargalma, Christelle Cocco, Grégory Dessart, and Pierre-Yves Brandt. "Where Gods Dwell? Part I: Spatial Imagery in Children’s Drawings of Gods." In When Children Draw Gods. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94429-2_6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSupernatural agents, although imagined by humans as omnipresent, cannot escape being placed (at least mentally) by believers somewhere in physical space. For example, kami in Shintoism are believed to reside in natural elements of the landscape. In Christianity, God is typically associated with Heaven. Similarly, Jesus is said to have ascended into Heaven after his resurrection. According to Buddhist mythology, gods live in the heavens, and the next Buddha, Maitreya, will descend to earth from heaven.This study (Part I of a two-part project) investigates the role of spatiality in children’s conceptions of the divine as shown through their drawings of god. We collected drawings by participants from four different cultural and religious environments (n = 1156): Japanese (Buddhism and Shinto), Russian-Buryat (Buddhism, Shamanism), Russian Slavic (Christian Orthodoxy) and French-speaking Swiss (Catholic and reformed Christianity). Our study indicates that the tendency to place god in the sky was not strongly related to a particular cultural or religious context. Children from all groups most often drew god either in the sky or with no background at all. We note two implications for folk psychology: (1) Children tend to conceptualize god in single location, (2) They often associate the divine with a celestial background.
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Dandarova-Robert, Zhargalma, Christelle Cocco, Grégory Dessart, and Pierre-Yves Brandt. "Where Gods Dwell? Part II: Embodied Cognition Approach and Children’s Drawings of Gods." In When Children Draw Gods. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94429-2_7.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractEmpirical demonstrations of the embodied and grounded cognition approach, involving diverse areas and phenomena, have increased exponentially in recent years. However, little research has been done in the religious domain. To the best of our knowledge, no study based on this theoretical framework has explored spatial dimension in pictorial representation of the divine in children’s drawings or in religious art in general. The present study represents the very first attempt to investigate if and how spatiality is involved in the way children depict the divine in their drawings. Drawings collected from four groups of participants (n = 1156, ages 6–15) characterized by different cultural and religious environments: Japanese (Buddhism and Shinto), Russian-Buryat (Buddhism, Shamanism), Russian Slavic (Christian Orthodoxy), and French-speaking Swiss (Catholic and reformed Christianity) were annotated using the Gauntlet annotation tool and then analysed. The main result indicates that children from all four groups generally depict god (the centre of the annotated representation) in the upper part of their drawings. Further testing indicates that the type of composition (for instance, god depicted alone or as standing on the ground where the sky is also depicted) did not serve as a major influence on the child’s placement of god.
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Cocco, Christelle, Zhargalma Dandarova-Robert, and Pierre-Yves Brandt. "Automated Colour Identification and Quantification in Children’s Drawings of God." In When Children Draw Gods. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94429-2_8.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractColour is still a relatively neglected aspect in the study both of religious art and of children’s artistic expression of the divine. Our research addresses this important gap and adds to psychological research on religious representations and conceptualization of the divine. From drawings collected in four different cultural and religious environments: Japanese (Buddhism and Shinto), Russian-Buryat (Buddhism, Shamanism), Russian-Slavic (Christian Orthodoxy) and French-speaking Swiss (Catholic and reformed Christianity) we show that children often imagine and depict god using the same colours: primarily yellow and blue. Apparently, god is often imagined by children as light or in light (yellow) and dwelling in the sky (blue). These results parallel historical and religious studies showing that the light enjoys prominent and most powerful symbolism and association with the divine. Complementary analysis of possible effect of child’s age, gender, and schooling (religious or regular) did not affect the main result. This research also introduced a novel approach to data analysis by using computer vision in psychological studies of children’s drawings. The automated colour identification method was developed to extract colours from scans of drawings. Despite some difficulties, this new methodology opens an interesting avenue for future research in children’s drawings and visual art.
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Mazzucotelli, Francesco. "India and the Gulf: The Indo-Pacific Strategy Goes West." In Global Power Shift. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20270-4_12.
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Mühlfeld, Katrin Susanne. "Strategic decisions for business-type specific marketing in industrial goods markets." In Strategic Shifts between Business Types. Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-81657-3_2.
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Azani, Eitan. "The Shiite Community in Lebanon and the Background for Hezbollah’s Emergence." In Hezbollah: The Story of the Party of God. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230116290_3.
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Dron, Jon, and Terry Anderson. "Pedagogical Paradigms in Open and Distance Education." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0351-9_9-1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBuilding on earlier work that identified historical paradigm shifts in open and distance learning, this chapter is concerned with analyzing the three broad pedagogical paradigms – objectivist, subjectivist, and complexivist – that have characterized learning and teaching in the field over the past half century. It goes on to discuss new paradigms that are starting to emerge, most notably in “theory-free” models enabled by developments in artificial intelligence and analytics, hologogic methods that recognize the many cultures to which we belong, and a “bricolagogic,” theory-agnostic paradigm that reflects the field’s growing maturity and depth.
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Dron, Jon, and Terry Anderson. "Pedagogical Paradigms in Open and Distance Education." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6_9.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBuilding on earlier work that identified historical paradigm shifts in open and distance learning, this chapter is concerned with analyzing the three broad pedagogical paradigms – objectivist, subjectivist, and complexivist – that have characterized learning and teaching in the field over the past half century. It goes on to discuss new paradigms that are starting to emerge, most notably in “theory-free” models enabled by developments in artificial intelligence and analytics, hologogic methods that recognize the many cultures to which we belong, and a “bricolagogic,” theory-agnostic paradigm that reflects the field’s growing maturity and depth.
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Thévenot, Laurent. "A New Calculable Global World in the Making: Governing Through Transnational Certification Standards." In The New Politics of Numbers. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78201-6_7.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractGoverning with quantification rests on preliminary processes of transforming the world to make it quantifiable through conventions of formatting and equivalence-making. This chapter investigates a new globalized mode of governing, operating, away from states, through voluntary certification standards. Considering the case of sustainable palm oil certification, it follows the most vulnerable “stakeholders”, from their daily life in remote rural areas to the governing public roundtables and private confidential negotiations. Fostering the dialogue between the extended convention theory framework and governmentality studies, the chapter shows that in a new kind of “standardizing liberalism” [libéralisme normalisateur], “governing by standards” shifts the political debate about power, legitimacy and the common good onto measurable certifiable characteristics of goods and services to be chosen by autonomous opting individuals.
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Diani, Mario, Henrik Ernstson, and Lorien Jasny. "Civil Society as Networks of Issues and Associations: The Case of Food." In Knowledge and Civil Society. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71147-4_8.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractScholars usually conceptualize civil society as both a discursive and an associational space. In the former, focus is on communicative practices; in the latter, attention shifts to the actors that cooperate or clash about the identification and production of collective goods. In this chapter, we sketch the contours of an approach to civil society that treats both dimensions in an integrated way. Looking at the role of food issues in urban settings as diverse as Cape Town, Bristol, and Glasgow, we borrow from social network analysis to explore first, how civic organizations combine an interest in food-related issues with attention to other themes, thus defining different, specific agendas; next, we ask if and how interest in food identifies specific clusters of cooperation within broader civil society networks.
Conference papers on the topic "Shinto Gods"
1
Honda, Hiroshi. "Paradigm Shifts in Manufacturing: Observing From the Sides of Technological Evolution and Demand of the Society." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33271.
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The subject paper discusses some of the paradigm shifts observed in manufacturing in heavy and other industries, with a focus on shipbuilding, such as the shifts toward gigantic structures with the advent of riveting and welding technologies, toward labor and total cost saving, speedy systems with the availability of automation technology, various computers and workstations, and advanced information technology (IT). This has lead to a paradigm shift from hardware- to software-oriented systems. The advancement of material and its manufacturing technology has lead to availability of light-weight vessels and higher performance goods, and oil crises have lead to a paradigm shift toward energy conserving vessels and goods. The advent of semi-conductor and integrated circuits has lead to a paradigm shift from “Big is great” to “Small is beautiful” worlds, leading to further emphasis and promotion of micro- and nano-technologies. An overview and summary of those paradigm shifts and future trends are also given in this paper.
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Prakash, Siddharth, Andreas Kohler, Ran Liu, Lutz Stobbe, Marina Proske, and Karsten Schischke. "Paradigm shift in Green IT - extending the life-times of computers in the public authorities in Germany." In Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/egg.2016.7829853.
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Jayaswal, G., G. Mistura, and M. Merano. "Weak measurement of the Goos-Hänchen shift." In CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science. OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2013.qm4c.5.
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Papen, George C., and Bahaa E. A. Saleh. "Lateral and wavefront aberrations of a photorefractive phase conjugator." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.mcc7.
Full textAbstract:
A beam reflected from a photorefractive phase conjugate mirror may experience a transverse displacement (lateral shift) and wavefront aberration (longitudinal shift), if a dc electric field is present or if the probe beam is frequency detuned relative to the pumps. These shifts, which can be of the order of several wavelengths for the lateral shift and tens of wavelengths for the longitudinal shift, are a result of the angular dependence of the reflectivity, an effect similar to the Goos-Hanchen effect. The angular dependence of the reflectivity is a spatially dispersive effect arising from the nonlocal nature of the wave interaction. We assume that the incident beam is paraxial and slowly varying in space and represent it as a superposition of plane waves (angular spectrum). The complex reflectivity is then expanded about the beam axis, each plane wave component is multiplied by its complex reflectivity, and added to form the conjugate beam. The linear term in this expansion generates the lateral shift whereas the quadratic term is responsible for the longitudinal shift. Pulsed beams are distorted because they contain harmonic components, each of which undergoes different shifts.
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Shah, Muzamil, Mudasir Shah, and Ali Akbar. "Magnetically Tunable Goos-Hanchen Shifts in Topological Quantum Materials." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. OSA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2021.jw1a.155.
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Huang, Jianhua, Zhenglu Duan, Hongyuan Ling, and Weiping Zhang. "Atomic Coherence and Matter-wave Goos-Hänchen-Like Shifts." In Workshop on Entanglement and Quantum Decoherence. Optica Publishing Group, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/weqd.2008.eas3.
Full textAbstract:
In conventional optics for light waves, the pioneering work by Goos-Hänchen in 1947 on the lateral shift (or displacement) of a light beam along the surface of a dielectric boundary under the condition of total reflection has stimulated a large number of studies. The key physics behind the Goos-Hänchen shift is the nature of wave interference. From the perspective of wave optics, the incident beam of a finite transverse width can be viewed as composed of plane wave components, each of which has a slightly different transverse wavevector. Each wave component, after the total internal reflection, undergoes a different phase shift, and the superposition of all the reflected wave components gives rise to the lateral shift of the intensity peak in the reflected beam.
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Prajapati, Chandravati, D. Ranganathan, and Joby Joseph. "An experiment to measure the Goos-Hanchen shift." In International Conference on Fibre Optics and Photonics. OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/photonics.2012.mpo.6.
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Jezzini, Moises A., and Julio C. Gutierrez-Vega. "The Goos-Hanchen shift in Helmholtz-Gauss beams." In SPIE Optics + Photonics, edited by Fred M. Dickey and David L. Shealy. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.679709.
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Dennis, Mark R., and Jörg B. Götte. "Scalar Goos-Hänchen shift for Robin boundary conditions." In SPIE OPTO, edited by David L. Andrews, Enrique J. Galvez, and Jesper Glückstad. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.877138.
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Merano, Michele. "Goos-Hänchen shift in a two-dimensional atomic crystal." In Frontiers in Optics. OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2018.fw5c.5.
Full textReports on the topic "Shinto Gods"
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Stenmark, Theodore. Photoemission Electron Microscopy for Analysis of Dielectric Structures and the Goos-Hänchen Shift. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2992.
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Talamas Marcos, Miguel Ángel. Preliminary Evidence of Surviving Competition: Neighborhood Shops vs. Convenience Chains. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004453.
Full textAbstract:
Hundreds of millions of microenterprises in emerging economies face increased competition from the entry and expansion of large firms that offer similar products. This paper studies how one of the worlds most prevalent microenterprises, neighborhood shops, confront competition from convenience chains (e.g., 7-Eleven) in Mexico. To address the endogeneity in time and location of chains store openings, I pair two-way fixed effects with a novel instrument that, at the neighborhood level, shifts the profitability of chains but not of shops. An expansion from zero to the average number of chain stores in a neighborhood reduces the number of shops by 16%. Consistent with the theoretical framework, this reduction is not driven by an increase in shop exit but by a decrease in shop entry. Shops retain their sales of fresh products and 96% of their customers, but customers visit shops less often and spend less on non-fresh and packed goods. I present evidence consistent with shops surviving by exploiting comparative advantages stemming from being small and owner-operated, such as lower agency costs, building relationships with the community, and offering informal credit.
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Talamas Marcos, Miguel Ángel. Surviving Competition: Neighborhood Shops vs. Convenience Chains. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005065.
Full textAbstract:
Hundreds of millions of microenterprises in emerging economies face increased competition from the entry and expansion of large firms that offer similar products. This paper studies how one of the world's most prevalent microenterprises, neighborhood shops, confront competition from convenience chains (e.g., 7-Eleven) in Mexico. To address the endogeneity in time and location of chain store openings, I pair two-way fixed effects with a novel instrument that, at the neighborhood level, shifts the profitability of chains but not of shops. An expansion from zero to the average number of chain stores in a neighborhood reduces the number of shops by 15%. This reduction is not driven by increased shop exits but by decreased shop entries. Shops retain their sales of fresh products and 96% of their customers, but customers visit shops less often and spend less on non-fresh and packed goods. The evidence suggests that shops survive by exploiting comparative advantages stemming from being small and owner-operated, such as lower agency costs, relationships with the community, broader and tailored product mix, and informal credit. The welfare gains of convenience chains replacing shops are increasing in household income.
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Shaheen, Susan, Elliot Shaheen, Adam Cohen, Jacquelyn Broader, and Richard Davis. Managing the Curb: Understanding the Impacts of On-Demand Mobility on Public Transit, Micromobility, and Pedestrians. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.1904.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, innovative mobility and shifts in travel and consumption behavior are changing how people access and use the curb. Shared mobility—the shared use of a vehicle, bicycle, scooter, or other mode—coupled with outdoor dining, curbside pick-up, and robotic delivery are creating new needs related to the planning, management, and enforcement of curb access. This study examines curb planning and management from several angles, such as safety, social equity, and multimodal connections. This research employs a multi-method approach to identify the changing needs for curb space management and how to meet these needs through new planning and implementation policies and strategies. As part of this study, the authors conducted 23 interviews. Respondents were chosen to represent public, private, and non-profit sector perspectives. Additionally, the authors employed a survey of 1,033 curb users and 241 taxi, transportation network company (TNC), and public transportation drivers. The study finds that changes in mode choice and curbside use can result in a variety of impacts on access, social equity, congestion, device management, pick-up and drop-off, and goods delivery, to name a few. The curb also has the potential to be disrupted by emerging modes, such as robotic delivery vehicles (also known as personal delivery devices) and automated vehicles. As these emerging developments continue to impact the curb, it is becoming increasingly important for policymakers to have an appropriate framework for planning and managing curb space in urban areas.
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Baur, Daniela. Social Protection in Nigeria: Analysing Capacities. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2024.005.
Full textAbstract:
This report describes findings of an analysis of capacities to deliver social protection in Nigeria. It focuses specifically on generating findings that will be useful to situations of protracted crisis, such as displacement due to conflict or climate shocks. The report draws on a three-dimensional Capacity Cube that differentiates between levels of capacity (individual, organisational, institutional), phases of capacity strengthening (building, applying, maintaining) and types of capacity (competency, capability, performance). Analysis of government and international actors’ statements about social protection and capacity strengthening suggest that the majority of investments in capacity are focused on building individual and organisational competencies. Other elements, such as maintaining capabilities and performance, are given far less attention. This leads to an imbalanced social protection system in which activities for building technical capacities are projectised while whole-of-government, cross-sectoral functional capabilities are neglected. Overall, the paper demonstrates that using the Capacity Cube renders visible the imbalances and the gaps in investments in social protection in Nigeria. The analysis is only a first step towards changing the way that we think about capacity in situations of protracted crisis. Investigating these gaps and missing elements will require more detailed research into actual implementation that goes beyond looking at project documents. It will be important, going forward, to understand more about how these capacities shift and change – as conflicts bubble up and become protracted, and create new challenges for the staff who deliver social assistance. Understanding which capacities become increasingly important in situations of protracted crisis, and how these can be protected, could provide pathways to a more effective and efficient social protection system in Nigeria, and beyond.
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Nilsson Lewis, Astrid, Kaidi Kaaret, Eileen Torres Morales, Evelin Piirsalu, and Katarina Axelsson. Accelerating green public procurement for decarbonization of the construction and road transport sectors in the EU. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.007.
Full textAbstract:
Public procurement of goods and services contributes to about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In the EU, public purchasing represents 15% of its GDP, acting as a major influencer on the market through the products and services acquired by governments from the local to national levels. The public sector has a role to play in leveraging this purchasing power to achieve the best societal value for money, particularly as we scramble to bend the curve of our planet’s warming. Globally, the construction and transport sectors each represent about 12% of government procurements’ GHG emissions. Furthermore, these sectors’ decarbonization efforts demand profound and disruptive technological shifts. Hence, prioritizing these sectors can make the greatest impact towards reducing the environmental footprint of the public sector and support faster decarbonization of key emitting industries. Meanwhile, the EU committed to achieving 55% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. Drastic emissions reductions are needed at an unprecedented speed and scale to achieve this goal. Green Public Procurement (GPP) is the practice of purchasing goods and services using environmental requirements, with the aim of cutting carbon emissions and mitigating environmental harm throughout the life cycle of the product or service. While the EU and many of its Member States alike have recognized GPP as an important tool to meet climate goals, the formalization of GPP requirements at the EU level or among local and national governments has been fragmented. We call for harmonization to achieve the consistency, scale and focus required to make GPP practices a powerful decarbonization tool. We surveyed the landscape of GPP in the EU, with a focus on construction and road transport. Through interviews and policy research, we compiled case studies of eight Member States with different profiles: Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Estonia, Poland, Spain and Italy. We used this information to identify solutions and best practices, and to set forth recommendations on how the EU and its countries can harmonize and strengthen their GPP policies on the path toward cutting their contributions to climate change. What we found was a scattered approach to GPP across the board, with few binding requirements, little oversight and scant connective tissue from national to local practices or across different Member States, making it difficult to evaluate progress or compare practices. Interviewees, including policy makers, procurement experts and procurement officers from the featured Member States, highlighted the lack of time or resources to adopt progressive GPP practices, with no real incentive to pursue it. Furthermore, we found a need for more awareness and clear guidance on how to leverage GPP for impactful societal outcomes. Doing so requires better harmonized processes, data, and ways to track the impact and progress achieved. That is not to say it is entirely neglected. Most Member States studied highlight GPP in various national plans and have set targets accordingly. Countries, regions, and cities such as the Netherlands, Catalonia and Berlin serve as beacons of GPP with robust goals and higher ambition. They lead the way in showing how GPP can help mitigate climate change. For example, the Netherlands is one of the few countries that monitors the effects of GPP, and showed that public procurement for eight product groups in 2015 and 2016 led to at least 4.9 metric tons of avoided GHG emissions. Similarly, a monitoring report from 2017 showed that the State of Berlin managed to cut its GHG emissions by 47% through GPP in 15 product groups. Spain’s Catalonia region set a goal of 50% of procurements using GPP by 2025, an all-electric in public vehicle fleet and 100% renewable energy powering public buildings by 2030. Drawing from these findings, we developed recommendations on how to bolster GPP and scale it to its full potential. In governance, policies, monitoring, implementation and uptake, some common themes exist. The need for: • Better-coordinated policies • Common metrics for measuring progress and evaluating tenders • Increased resources such as time, funding and support mechanisms • Greater collaboration and knowledge exchange among procurers and businesses • Clearer incentives, binding requirements and enforcement mechanisms, covering operational and embedded emissions With a concerted and unified movement toward GPP, the EU and its Member States can send strong market signals to the companies that depend on them for business, accelerating the decarbonization process that our planet requires.
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Civil Works R&D Value to the Nation : 2023 Edition. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46532.
Full textAbstract:
USACE Civil Works research and development contributes to the strength of the nation by providing innovative and environmentally sustainable solutions to the nation’s water resources challenges in navigation, flood and coastal risk reduction, and the environment. R&D also provides technologies to advance USACE hydropower and water supply missions. Our state-of-the-art technologies help improve the safety and resiliency of communities and infrastructure and help American goods compete in the global marketplace. USACE R&D helps the Corps manage existing water resources infrastructure sustainably, in the face of expected climate change, land use change, invasive and nuisance species, demographic shifts, and aging infrastructure, to meet the needs of future generations. The Civil Works Value to the Nation book highlights examples of how R&D improves the design, assessment, operation, maintenance and rehabilitation of our nation’s water resources infrastructure, mitigates climate change and improves water resilience, along with the broadening benefits of research in the area of environmental justice.