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Journal articles on the topic 'Ship names'
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1
Bauko, János. "A Komáromi Hajógyárban készült hajók neveiről." Névtani Értesítő 30 (December 29, 2008): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2008.13.
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This paper discusses a special group of names of objects, i.e. the names of ships manufactured in Komárom Shipyard. Relevant ship names are first described in chronological order, then the names are classified according to their semantics. The greatest proportion of the ship names refers to places (54.8%), but many names have reference to persons (22.6%), to miscellaneous things (11.8%) and to stars (10.76%) as well.
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Grinëv, Andrei V. "Russian Ship Names: Ships on the shores of Russian America." Mariner's Mirror 101, no. 2 (April 3, 2015): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2015.1031980.
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Konyk, Olexander. "Displays of Socio-Cultural Priorities of the Lower Dnipro Ship-owners in the NaDisplays of Socio-Cultural Priorities of the Lower Dnipro Ship-owners in the Names of Coastal Sailors: the first quarter of the 20th centurymes of Coastal Sailors: the first quarter of the 20th century." Roxolania Historĭca = Historical Roxolania 1 (November 13, 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/30180108.
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The report considers the informational possibilities of the documents of the Kherson State Archives for the knowledge of socio-cultural priorities and the real mechanisms of formation of social and national consciousness in the socio-professional group of the Lower Dnipro owners of coasting vessels. The study of the source base gives grounds to assert that the modern funds of the state institutions of the Russian Empire in the Kherson State Archives are only the remnants of the former departmental archives, and the most complete funds presenting the problems in the specified chronological framework, that is, the names of coastal merchant ships of the basin of the Lower Dnipro in the early twentieth century are the funds of Kherson port customs. If we are talking about the most ancient documents found on the subject today, then they are related to the end of the 18th century. Mostly they record the names of military frigates and large merchant ships that entered Kherson port and also have Greek and Turkish names. This allows for interesting parallels in the continuity of the tradition of names, in particular biblical and sacred history. In the main part of the message, the identified names are grouped and analyzed. The hierarchy of priority of ship-owners in the choice of names was as follows: in the first place are the names of their own, followed by the names that personify the biblical and evangelical heroes, saints (the absolute priority of St. Mychola), the fathers of the church, and others. Further in descending order are geographical names, social definitions and family relationships, qualitative definitions, general concepts, natural phenomena, names of historical figures and famous people, historical terms that denoted social division or specific occupations, Soviet and communist names, astronomical names or phenomena, names from the world of birds, names from mythology, fairy tales and Legend, ancient Ukrainian social concepts, ethnonyms, names of authors and literary heroes, names from natural history, exotic names rarely used in the region, names and titles of members of the Russian Imperial House, names from the world of fish, water creatures, names from vegetation and animal world and from the world of insects. The conclusion is that the statistics given in the text show the wide range of preferences of ship-owners, mostly conservative and often romantic and the ones that reflected real social and spatial self-determination, national, and in the Soviet times, more and more political priorities. The potential of the materials used in the study of the problem is far from being exhausted, so the topic remains promising for further research.
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Kim, Sung-Kuk, and Jin-Uk Lee. "A Preliminary Study of a Typology of Ship Names." Cultural Interaction Studies of Sea Port Cities 24 (April 30, 2021): 133–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35158/cisspc.2021.04.24.133.
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Bogomazova, Anastasya A. "Sea Vessels of the Onega Cross Monastery in 1657–60." Herald of an archivist, no. 4 (2023): 995–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-4-995-1005.
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The recent years have seen a growing scholars’ interest in the Russian North exploration, sea expeditions of the 16th–20th centuries, and fishing industry and maritime culture of the Pomor Russians. Northern monasteries, which owned salt and fishing industries along the shores of the White Sea, played an important role in the exploration of the North and in the development of traditional Russian shipbuilding and navigation. Thus, the Solovetsky Monastery had its own fleet in the 16th – 17th centuries. Unlike the Solovetsky Monastery’s fleet, ship economy of other Northern monasteries remains fragmentarily studied. The article analyzes first steps of the Onega Cross Monastery in creation of its own fleet: types of vessels, methods of their acquisition. The main sources are Transfer book (otvodnaya kniga) of the Onega Cross Monastery (1657) and account books for February 1657 – March 1661, stored in the fond of the Onega Cross Monastery in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA). While the Transfer Book (i.e. inventory of the monastic property) recorded presence or absence of ships in a certain year, the account books traced their movement. The monastery’s account books are a valuable source on the history of its ship economy, containing various data on the monastery’s vessels: they record ships purchase and fitting-out, construction orders, and sales; names of artisans and of sellers or buyers; hire and lease of ships; their repair; hiring of the so-called “Boat Cossacks” (hired workers) and captains; captains’ names. The study is based on historical-genetic method. It shows that the monastery bought sea vessels from its very founding. The earliest mention of a sea vessel (karbass) purchase is recorded in the monastery’s account book and dated May 1657. In 1657–60, the monastery used karbasses and boats (pavozkas) for shallow water deliveries. The monastery yearly ordered construction of several vessels of each type or bought them; names of sellers or craftsmen were indicated. All of them were residents of villages on the Onega. The monastery also sold several ships.
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Schweickard, Wolfgang. "It. palandaria ‘nave da caricoʼ." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 137, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2021-0023.
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Salvarani, Roberto. "The EC Directive on Port State Control: A Policy Statement." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 11, no. 2 (1996): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180896x00096.
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AbstractThe central pillar of European Union policy concerning safety at sea is enforcement of existing international rules and regulations. The EC Directive on Port State Control is a reaction to the fact that, despite the implementation of Port State Control in 1982, the number of substandard ships in European ports has vastly increased. It became evident that the Member States of the Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control (MOU) were not applying the control scheme uniformly. Furthermore, the scheme was obsolete and needed extensive updating. In order to force EU Members to enhance the effectiveness of, and to obey, the rules and standards set, the EC introduced the Directive, which entered into force on 1 July 1996. The Directive sets forth a binding commitment to inspect at least 25 per cent of all ships entering a port and, by inference, an obligation to employ qualified staff proportional to the task. The European Commission will assist the Member States in training Port State Control Officers by granting subsidies. Ships operating under blacklisted flags are targeted as a priority. The practice of releasing a ship under the condition of rectifying the deficiencies in other yards is supplemented by a banning system. A ship that fails to show up at the designated shipyard will be banned from every European port until it proves full compliance with all applicable international rules to the authority that first detained it. The EC Directive also provides for the publication of the names of owners of detained ships, as well as the names of the responsible classification society, where relevant (e.g. not in cases of incompetent crews). Full compliance with all rules set forth by the Directive can now be enforced by means of EC law and procedures, with the Commission monitoring that each Member State applies the law strictly and correctly.
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Parashkevov, Boris. "КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ЗА ЛЕКСИКОН НА СЕМАНТИЧНО СЪОТНОСИМИ И СТРУКТУРНО СЪПРИНАДЛЕЖНИ ФАМИЛНИ ИМЕНА / A CONCEPT FOR A LEXICON OF SEMANTICS- AND STRUCTURE-RELATED SURNAMES." Journal of Bulgarian Language 68, no. 02 (June 30, 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.68.21.02.02.
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The article presents a project dealing with surnames in Bulgarian. The aim is to compile a lexicon encoding the existing semantic and structural relations among names. Family names are presented in nests based on certain semantic and structural criteria, in particular semantic identity, associative reference and thematic or typological relation-ship. The attested word-formative paradigm is supplied for each name, including short forms, diminutives and derivatives. The lexicon will offer an opportunity for further semantic, etymological, stylistic and word-formation research into Bulgarian family names.
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Yakovlev, Vladimir N. "The effect of current on the course and speed of a sailing ship." Russian Journal of Water Transport, no. 78 (March 20, 2024): 258–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37890/jwt.vi78.443.
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A feature of the movement of a sailing ship is that its speed depends not only on the strength of the wind, but also on the course of the ship in relation to the wind. This dependence is graphically reflected in its polar. A special feature of the movement of a sailing ship in a current is the influence of this current itself on the wind acting on the sails. The specifics of choosing the course of a sailing ship on a current, taking into account this influence, are considered. The accepted terminology is clarified and new terminology is proposed in the names of the winds involved in the creation of the apparent wind acting on the sails. The correct view of the speed triangle is shown to determine the true wind in the presence of wind drift of the vessel. A technique is proposed for determining the course and speed of a sailing ship in a current using its polar.
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Domingues da Silva, Daniel B. "The Kimbundu Diaspora to Brazil." African Diaspora 8, no. 2 (2015): 200–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725465-00802003.
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Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was a major slave trading port in the nineteenth century, with most of the slaves coming from Angola, in West Central Africa. The inland origins of these captives, however, are still largely ignored. This article traces the linguistic origins of slaves transported from Angola to Rio de Janeiro based on the names of Africans liberated from the slave ship Brilhante in 1838. It shows that a significant proportion of these Africans had Kimbundu names, indicating that they were originally captured in regions close to the coast through warfare, judicial proceedings, and self- enslavement. The names further indicate that these Africans came from rural societies divided by social class and who had a profound belief in god, the power of spirits, and in the afterlife.
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Worrall, Matthew. "Ship to Shore: National Archives Project Opens up Navy Surgeons' Journals." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 91, no. 8 (September 1, 2009): 276–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363509x466853.
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I trace my finger down the ledger of fading and elegantly handwritten names. Alongside each a terse entry, 'canister shot, part of elbow bone removed' or 'leg amputated at thigh'. At the end of the list a statement in which the surgeon briefly states his results: of 102 injured, five died on board, one more when the ship returned to Gibraltar and 'all the others got well on board'.
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Pasierowska, Rachael. "All aboard the King George and Happy Captive: European shipnaming practices in the trans-Atlantic slave trade, 1750–1755." International Journal of Maritime History 34, no. 1 (February 2022): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08438714221079551.
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This study examines the names and symbolism of slave ship vessels between 1750 and 1755. Undertaking trans-oceanic travel in the eighteenth century was a perilous venture. Sea storms threatened vessels and their crew members, who were near defenceless in the face of such violent natural elements. First, merchants sought to name their vessels for traits that bespoke speed. A vessel that remained for long stretches of time in any port lost capital by the day. Consequently, ships stayed for short periods of time in Atlantic harbours whenever possible. Second, force was also central to merchants’ naming patterns. Through christening their vessels after absolute monarchs, saints, classical deities and heroes, merchants sought appellations that represented a symbolic, or in many instances, real protection against the elements at sea.
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Muškardin, Dijana. "Istrian sailors on the Carpathia." Histria : the Istrian Historical Society review, no. 8 (December 27, 2018): 175–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/h2018.04.
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Carpathia was a vessel owned by the British Cunard Line which went down in history as the rescuer of the castaways from the Titanic, a passenger ship that famously sank in the early morning of 15 April 1912 in the North Atlantic Ocean. Since 1903 the Carpathia had sailed on the transatlantic line between Rijeka and New York and was mostly used for the transportation of emigrants, employing many Croatian sailors, especially from Istria and the Kvarner. In this paper I discuss the names and fate of the unknown Croatian sailors from Labin area who participated in the rescue of Titanic passengers in April 1912 drawing on eyewitness accounts, their written records, and the available literature. By analysing the British Cunard Line official list from 1912 I discovered that out of the 240 crewmembers, 83 sailors came from Istria and the Kvarner. This well-known list is now expanded with 17 names of sailors from the Labin area. Fieldwork also helped find the families of their descendants. These new mariners were located by checking the surname frequency in Labin’s environs. Most came from Sveta Nedelja, Kršan and Labin. By analysing the list I conclude that they worked as waiters, stokers and greasers with a monthly salary from 76 to 127 Austro-Hungarian crowns. They were proficient in foreign languages and often served as interpreters. For some, that ship was a ticket to a better life. I was also able to determine that 20 mariners from Istria and the Kvarner who sailed on the Carpathia in 1912 defected from the ship and stayed in New York.
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Nicoll, W. S. M. "Chasing chimaeras." Classical Quarterly 35, no. 1 (May 1985): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800014622.
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Of the various contests held by Aeneas to mark the anniversary of his father's death the ship-race (Aen. 5. 116–286) is marked out by its length and initial position as especially important. However its precise significance is by no means obvious. That Virgil intends it to have some relevance to events of later Roman history seems fairly clear. First, we are told the names of the families descended from three of the four captains involved — Cluentii, Memmii and Sergii. It seems therefore that we should look to the activities of members of these families to discover Virgil's intention. Two families — Cluentii and Memmii — are a mystery, since none of their members plays an obviously prominent role in the events of Virgil's own time. However, Sergestus and the Sergii point unmistakably towards Catiline. Sergestus' rash folly, which is nearly the ruin of his men and his ship, exactly matches Catifine's own furor, which would have destroyed Rome. Even the name of his ship, Centaurus, reinforces the point.
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Bowen, H. V. "The shipping losses of the British East India Company, 1750–1813." International Journal of Maritime History 32, no. 2 (May 2020): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871420920963.
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This article establishes and examines the shipping losses of the British East India Company between the middle of the eighteenth century and 1813 when it lost its trade monopoly with India. This was the most important period in the history of the East India Company because it greatly expanded its trade with India and China and established what became a very large territorial empire on the subcontinent. It was also a time when Britain was often at war with France. This is the first publication to present full information on all of the East India Company’s shipping losses. They are set out in the Appendix, which presents details of the names of every ship lost, the date of loss, the cause, and whether the ship was sailing to or from Asia. This information, discussed in the article, shows that 105 ships were lost on 2,171 voyages, a rate of loss that stood at just under 5%. The causes were primarily wrecking, foundering and enemy action, which contributed to far higher shipping losses on voyages outward to Asia than homeward. The East India Company did little itself to rectify this situation because the ships they used were hired from private owners, but some specialists within the Company did take it upon themselves to improve some navigational aids and shipbuilding techniques, although with little overall effect upon the rate of shipping losses. This meant that the East India Company was plagued by shipping losses throughout the period, and this had a very negative effect upon its commercial affairs and profitability.
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Wawrzyniak, Natalia, Tomasz Hyla, and Izabela Bodus-Olkowska. "Vessel identification based on automatic hull inscriptions recognition." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): e0270575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270575.
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The identification of ships plays a crucial role in security and managing vessel traffic for ports and onshore facilities. Existing video monitoring systems help visually identify a vessel where other systems are not present or sufficient. Readable vessel plates and hull inscriptions of detected ships in the video stream allow using text location and recognition methods to obtain ships’ identification names or numbers. The obtained information can be then matched with available ship registers. The automation of the process has met many challenges related to the often-low quality of available video streams, heterogeneous regulations on the marking of ships, and the specifics of natural scene text recognition, such as quickly alternating imaging conditions or the interference of the background. The main contribution of this research is a method that can identify any type of vessel in an image that has visible inscriptions (name, registration number) placed on the hull and must be registered in a public registry. The proposed method works with low-quality images with inscriptions placed under different angles and different, readable sizes. Our method recognised 91% of vessels from our test dataset. Obtained identification times have not exceeded 1s. The quality and efficiency of the proposed solution indicate that it is suitable for practical implementation in onshore monitoring systems.
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Van Popta, Yftinus. "De Zeehond of Fiducie? Uitsluitsel over de identiteit en ondergang van de bekendste tjalk van Flevoland." Paleo-aktueel, no. 32 (September 20, 2022): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/pa.32.79-88.
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De Zeehond or Fiducie? New insights into the identity and date of foundering of Flevoland’s best known sailing barge shipwreck. This paper focuses on the late 19th-century wreck of a Groninger tjalk (sailing barge) that was discovered in the 1960s in the eastern part of Flevoland, near the city of Lelystad. During the excavation of the wreck (1972), two wooden battens were found that carried the inscriptions ’18 DE ZEEHOND 78’ and ‘W Venema 1878 A Koerts’. Soon it was concluded that the former carried the name and date of the ship and its construction, while the latter carried the names of the ship’s owners. Additional research revealed that the operators were identified as Willem Venema and Annegien Koerts from Hoogezand, Groningen. However, the archives failed to provide any information on a ship known as De Zeehond, whereas historical documents proved that Willem Venema did own a ship by the name of Fiducie. The current study answers the question whether the ship’s true name was De Zeehond or Fiducie, and provides new and more detailed insights into the ship’s career, date of foundering and crew history.
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Patterson, Tom. "Mapping Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska." Cartographic Perspectives, no. 67 (September 1, 2010): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp67.112.
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Making a National Park Service (NPS) visitor map of a large, famous park such as Glacier Bay involves careful planning and many people. Preliminary work on the Glacier Bay map required a site visit to Alaska, consultations with park staff, and observing visitors using maps on board a cruise ship. The paper examines various mountain-mapping challenges, including shaded relief, landcover, glaciers, fjord bathymetry, braided rivers, and place names. The paper then ties these strands together by discussing the design of the final brochure map.
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Pineda, David. "Некоторые наблюдения над заимствованиями в русском говоре Кольского полуосторва(Some Observations on Borrowings in the Russian Dialect on the Kola Peninsula)." Poljarnyj vestnik 7 (February 1, 2004): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.1335.
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The present article gives an overview of the borrowed vocabulary of the Rus- sian dialect of the Kola peninsula, which mostly comes from Finno-Ugric languages. Some remarks are made as to the phonetical and morphological adaptations to Russian, the etymology and the distribution of the loanwords over the different semantic fields. Not surprisingly, the terminology on rein- deer husbandry is dominated by loans from Sámi languages. Some names for fishes are also Sámi, but fishing terminology is almost exclusively borrowed from Baltic-Finnic. Other source languages include Samoyedic (clothing), Norwegian and Dutch (ship types).
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Zhang, Dongdong, Chunping Wang, and Qiang Fu. "DD-Net: A Dual Detector Network for Multilevel Object Detection in Remote-Sensing Images." Journal of Sensors 2022 (July 20, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9602100.
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With the recent development of deep convolutional neural network (CNN), remote sensing for ship detection methods has achieved enormous progress. However, current methods focus on the whole ships and fail on the component’s detection of a ship. To detect ships from remote-sensing images in a more refined way, we employ the inherent relationship between ships and their critical parts to establish a multilevel structure and propose a novel framework to improve the performance in identifying the multilevel objects. Our framework, named the dual detector network (DD-Net), consists of two carefully designed detectors, one for ships (the ship detector) and the other for their critical parts (the critical part detector), for detecting the critical parts in a coarse-to-fine manner. The ship detector offers detection results of the ship, based on which the critical part detector detects small critical parts inside each ship region. The framework is trained in an end-to-end way by optimizing the multitask loss. Due to the lack of publicly available datasets for critical part detection, we build a new dataset named RS-Ship with 1015 remote-sensing images and 2856 annotations. Experiments on the HRSC2016 dataset and the RS-Ship dataset show that our method performs well in the detection of ships and critical parts.
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Lee, Kwang-Pyo. "A Study on the Letter to the National Donation Campaign for the Preservation of Yi Chungmugong’s Tomb and the Rebuilding of Hyeonchungsa." Korea Association of World History and Culture 67 (June 30, 2023): 45–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32961/jwhc.2023.06.67.45.
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In May 1931, when Yi Chungmugong’s tomb was on the verge of being auctioned off as collateral, a national donation campaign was conducted to protect the tomb under the leadership of the Dong-A Ilbo. The donation campaign was held for a year, and more than 20,000 individuals and 400 organizations participated. At that time, about 1,000 people sent a letter with donations. This paper is intended to analyze the contents of the donation letter and to examine its characteristics and meaning.
At that time, most of the Koreans’ reactions were anger and shock. A lot of shame was revealed, and voices of self-reflection were also revealed. At the same time, the letter also showed confidence that if Koreans save money little by little, they will be able to protect Yi Chungmugong’s tomb. There was a strong tendency to accept this case not only as a problem for Yi Chungmugong’s descendants, but also as a common problem for ethnic groups.
The perception of Yi Chungmugong was also examined through the figurative title shown in the donation letter. The names of benefactor, great man, and hero were the most common, but the names related to the turtle ship(Geobugseon) and likened to light and savior were also revealed. The donation letter showed a lot of interest in Yi Chungmugong’s relics and remains, and there was also a perception that relics and remains should be managed by the public, not by descendants.
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Lezra, Jacques. "Helen's List." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 130, no. 1 (January 2015): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2015.130.1.163.
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The battle is not yet joined, and the poet has listed for us the array of warriors, of ships, of forces. “tell me now,” the poet of The Iliad has sung, in Richmond Lattimore's translation, “you Muses who have your homes on Olympos. / For you, who are goddesses, are there, and you know all things, / and we have heard only the rumor of it and know nothing. / Who then of those were the chief men and the lords of the Danaäns?” (2.484-88). Then the catalog: the list. In the Homeric tradition, a catalog unrolls under the guarding eye of the Muses, the witnesses, under the keeping and inspiring eye of divine and distant figures who have seen the scene, whose witnessing we imagine, from whom we borrow the faint authority we wear when we begin our own songs. These Homeric lists seem to us scattershot today—this ship here, that one there, a warrior next to another warrior simply on the grounds that, yes, there he stands. And yet to the extent that they turn on the authority of the fact, of a divine witness who reports this disorder and from whom we take the rumors of the fact, Homer's lists are at core structured, signed, legitimated. The Iliad is not only the story of the encounter between Trojans and Achaeans; it is also the story of the encounter between two phenomenologies—one envisioning orders of events, names on a list, as they present themselves to us, rumored, accidentally, contingently; another envisioning the order of what presents itself according to the signature of the presiding Muse, according to an immanent principle of structure derivable, if at all, from the totality of the list. These two encounters and these two phenomenologies don't line up; they're fought on different fields and at different levels; they have different scopes. One phenomenology is in principle endless—there's always another matter at hand; we cannot foreclose the possibility that another ship will appear; and the chaos of the battle always means that another figure, foe or friend, may step before us when we least expect it. The other is always bounded, limited on both sides by the immanent unfolding of its principle: that this or that friend or foe should have appeared makes manifest, sub specie aeternitatis, the reason for his, or her, appearing.
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GOLDMAN, JOSEPHINE. "Fragmenting, Repeating, Rebuilding: The Chaotic Cyclones of Gisèle Pineau’s L’Espérance-macadam." Australian Journal of French Studies: Volume 58, Issue 3 58, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 290–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ajfs.2021.24.
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This article explores the creative potential of the repeating cyclones at the heart of Gisèle Pineau’s 1995 novel L’Espérance-macadam. Examining the novel in relation to Édouard Glissant’s chaos-monde, it understands the cyclone not simply as catastrophe but also as an ambiguous agent of chaos in line with Glissant’s key metaphor of the slave ship, capable of both destroying and building anew a community through violent cycles of unearthing, fragmenting and interweaving. Engaging with previous critical readings of Pineau’s cyclonic figures that have relied on Freud’s “repetition compulsion”, this article argues that Pineau’s representation of external and internal repetitive events—natural disasters and personal traumas—are not to be read as regression or stasis, but as the possibility of incremental progress through constant movement and towards what Pineau names an “espérance-macadam”. Repetition thus becomes a catalyst for systemic change, allowing her protagonist to process trauma, join a community of survivors of sexual abuse and environmental injustice and find agency within and through the cyclonic events that affect her community.
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Федотова and Oksana Fedotova. "Forms of Representation of Inner States of Fiction Characters." Modern Communication Studies 5, no. 5 (October 17, 2016): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21934.
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The paper shows that the author of English language narrative discourse can discuss with his/her readers such topics as inner state of fiction characters. It presents forms of representation of inner state of fiction characters. Firstly, the inner state of a character is described in contexts without metaphor. In this case, the main markers are verbs of mental state, names of emotions, physical representation of emotions, taste perception. Secondly, the inner state of fiction characters is represented via another situation. In this case, the comparison can be either direct or literal. Desperation is compared with a nightmare, beating into the wall, with the sense that the walls are closing in on a hero. Unreality of events is compared with the theatre where everything is make-belief. Thirdly, the inner state of a character is represented via comparison with a person who is experiencing similar feelings: The character can feel like a condemned prisoner, or like a captain of a sinking ship. Finally the inner state of heroes is represented via conceptual metaphor.
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Zafer, Zeynep. "Against the Barriers. The Unusual Story of the Usual Yusein Mashev." Balkanistic Forum 30, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i3.1.
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In the context of the repressions of the Pomaks the unusual story of the miner worker Yusein Mashev from village of Ribnovo, which started in 1979 and finished in 1980, give us an idea of the time of the communist regime in Bulgaria. He succeeded to escape form the concentration camp in Belene, crossing during the night the Danube river. He was able to reach the town of Kyustendil and to cross illegally the Bulgarian – Yugoslav border. In the emigration camp in Italy he decided to depart illegally for Turkey, boarded the ship to Istanbul without documents, without any roblems he reached his acquaintances and relatives in the town of Saray, Takirdag district. After five years he turned back to Bulgaria with false identity reached Ribnovo and smuggled his wife and two children into Yugoslavia. Yusein Mishev bravely resisted the change of the names of the Pomaks, the following repressions did not discourage him, he overcame all the barriers, caring a letter send to him in order to voice the protests in village of Kornitsa during March – April 1973. Makes important events available to the Bulgarian and world public, events which were hidden very carefully by the Bulgarian authorities. On the radio in Yugoslavia he told of the repression of innocent citizens and informed about the concentration camp in Belene, announcing the names of imprisoned in the II section Pomaks. The aim of this research, based on field researches in Bulgaria and Turkey and many interviews, is to preserve for the history and science the unusual story of Yusein Mahev – a man of freedom loving spirit and rich vision.
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Yao, Chenyang, Guoping Gao, Weijiong Chen, Tingrong Qin, and Zhuang Li. "Temporal features of non-accident critical events impact from tides around the Yangtze Estuary and adjacent coastal waters." Journal of Navigation 75, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 346–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463321000862.
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AbstractApplying non-accident critical events (NACEs) as an alternative measuring method to assess ship collision risk has become popular in recent years. NACEs has shown temporal features in different waters. This study uses the quaternion ship domain method to identify NACEs around the Yangtze Estuary and adjacent coastal waters from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) data in October 2019. The results indicate that NACEs show different temporal features in estuaries and coastal waters. The relationship between tides, channel types and ships is discussed. In addition, we established a statistical method for the occurrence time of NACEs and the state of tides according to the half-tide level and the nearest time. The outcomes of this study provide a direction for exploring the relationship between NACEs and environmental conditions, which is also instructive for the study of the causes of ship accidents.
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Baiborodina, M. A., and A. G. Novikov. "Counting Jetons from Old Buryat Burials of the Olkhon Region." Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series 46 (2023): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2023.46.21.
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The history of the accumulation of materials on counting jetons of the 17th–18th centuries obtained from the burials in the Olkhon region (western coast of Lake Baikal from Cape Elokhin to the Buguldeika village, including Olkhon Island) is considered. Based on the study of literary sources, available archival and collection materials stored in the funds of the Irkutsk State University (excavations of V. V. Pavlutskaya in the 1980s), 8 burials from the Old Buryat cemeteries were identified, in which counting jetons were recorded (more than 244). For the first time, counting jetons from the accompanying inventory of the burial ground Todakta IV are introduced into scientific circulation in full. A generalization and analysis of all currently found counting jetons of the Olkhon region are carried out and their general classification is proposed. To determine the images on some counting jetons and establish the names of the masters who made them, A. A. Pushkarev’s research was used. It was possible to identify 129 jetons with varying degrees of completeness. Among them, according to the plots on the front side, the portrait theme (chest profiles of monarchs) occupies a leading place. There is a variety of plots on the reverse side of the jetons: heraldic signs, an ancient warrior, a park with a fountain, a three-masted ship, a tree under the sun. Most of the counting jetons are marked with the seal of the master Johann Christian Reich (109). There are also works of Johann Friedrich Weidinger (7), Albrecht Hoger (4), Johann Jakob Ditzel (4), Johann Adam Vogel (3) and Cornelius Lauffer (1). Taking into account the periods of activity of these masters, it is possible to outline the chronology of the use of certain plots for decorating jetons. In the first half of the 18th century (along with heraldic signs marked in the 17th century) images are often found: a sailing ship and a tree under the sun; in one case, an ancient warrior was recorded (in combination with the image of Louis XV). The themes of coats of arms and ships were encountered in the second half of the 18th century. In the Old Buryat burials of the Olkhon region, counting jetons originating from different workshops are found together. The latest of them were made in the workshop of Johann Christian Reich, which is probably associated with the intensification of the export of jetons to Russia and Siberia in the second half of the 18th century.
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Han, Xu, Lining Zhao, Yue Ning, and Jingfeng Hu. "ShipYOLO: An Enhanced Model for Ship Detection." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (June 23, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1060182.
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The application of ship detection for assistant intelligent ship navigation has stringent requirements for the model’s detection speed and accuracy. In response to this problem, this study uses an improved YOLO-V4 detection model (ShipYOLO) to detect ships. Compared to YOLO-V4, the model has three main improvements. Firstly, the backbone network (CSPDarknet) of YOLO-V4 is optimized. In the training process, the 3 × 3 convolution, 1 × 1 convolution, and identity parallel mode are used to replace the original feature extraction component (ResUnit) and more features are extracted. In the inference process, the branch parameters are combined to form a new backbone network named RCSPDarknet, which improves the inference speed of the model while improving the accuracy. Secondly, in order to solve the problem of missed detection of the small-scale ships, we designed a new amplified receptive field module named DSPP with dilated convolution and Max-Pooling, which improves the model’s acquisition of small-scale ship spatial information and robustness of ship target space displacement. Finally, we use the attention mechanism and Resnet’s shortcut idea to improve the feature pyramid structure (PAFPN) of YOLO-V4 and get a new feature pyramid structure named AtFPN. The structure effectively improves the model’s feature extraction effect for ships of different scales and reduces the number of model parameters, further improving the model’s inference speed and detection accuracy. In addition, we have created a ship dataset with a total of 2238 images, which is a single-category dataset. The experimental results show that ShipYOLO has the advantage of faster speed and higher accuracy even in different input sizes. Considering the input size of 320 × 320 on the PC equipped with NVIDIA 1080Ti GPU, the FPS and mAP@5 : 5:95 (mAP90) of ShipYOLO are increased by 23.7% and 13.6% (10.6%), respectively, with an input size of 320 × 320, ShipYOLO, compared to YOLO-V4.
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Purwana, Aditya Subur, Muhammad Anshar Syamsuddin, and Mardiansyah Mardiansyah. "Trade Based Money Laundering Evidence from Indonesia: Cigarette Import Customs Smuggling and Money Laundering." Educoretax 3, no. 4 (December 22, 2023): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54957/educoretax.v3i4.606.
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Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is an instrument to strengthen synergy in eradicating money laundering and other economic crimes launched by the government of the Republic of Indonesia, with 3 (three) main priorities to be handled, namely trade-based money laundering (TBML), narcotics, and business email compromise (BEC). The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) defines Trade Based Money Laundering as the process of disguising the proceeds of crime and transferring value through the use of trade transactions in an attempt to legitimize its illegitimate origin. Customs is everything related to the supervision of the traffic of goods entering or leaving the customs area as well as the collection of import and export duties, the supervision of which is carried out by the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DGCE). In import customs activities, importers are obliged to fulfill customs obligations, one of which is the inward manifest. The research aims to provide an overview of money laundering and violations in the Customs Sector. Using secondary data from 2019 to 2023 and primary data through interviews, to answer the research objectives using qualitative methods based on court decisions. The research results show that the mode of money laundering violations in the customs sector is smuggling of unmanifest imports of cigarettes without excise stamps attached using the ship-to-ship mode. In laundering money from the crime, the perpetrator hides or disguises the proceeds from the crime of selling cigarettes that are not attached with excise stamps by placing the money from cigarette sales in several accounts in the perpetrator's name and in other names as well as in other forms of assets. Research suggestions, violations in the customs sector that have sufficient evidence of a crime, apart from being able to investigate predicate crimes, money laundering investigations can be carried out so that asset recovery can be carried out and optimizing the PPP scheme in cracking down on money laundering.
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Lis, Kinga. "On the Earliest English Translation of the Laws of Oléron and Its Editions." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 55, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 79–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stap-2020-0004.
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Abstract The Laws of Oléron are a compilation of regulations binding in north-western Europe. They concern relationships on board a ship and in ports, as well as between members of one crew and those of another when it comes to safe journey. Even though the “code” was known in England at the beginning of the 14th century, it was only in the 16th century that it was translated from French into (Early Modern) English. The literature on the topic mentions two independent 16th-century renditions of the originally French text (Lois d’Oléron) but disagrees as to the authorship of the earliest translation, its date and place of creation, the mutual relationship between the two, their content and respective source texts. Strikingly, three names appear in this context: Thomas Petyt, Robert Copland, and W. Copland. The picture emerging from various accounts concerning the translations is very confusing. It is the purpose of this paper to trace the history of the misconceptions surrounding the Early Modern English versions of the Laws of Oléron, and to illustrate how, by approaching them from a broader perspective, two hundred years of confusion can be resolved. The wider context adopted in this study is that of a book as a whole, and not of an individual text within the book, set against the backdrop of the printing milieu. The investigation begins with a brief inquiry into the lives and careers of the three people named with respect to the two renditions, in an attempt to determine whether these provide any grounds for disagreement. The analysis also juxtaposes the relevant renditions as far as their contents, layout, and the actual texts are concerned in order to establish what the relationship between them is and whether it could account for the confusion surrounding the translations.
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Effenberger, Arne. "Brücken über das Goldene Horn." Millennium 15, no. 1 (October 18, 2018): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mill-2018-0007.
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AbstractRecently, M. Hurbanič had claimed in an essay that there was only one stone bridge over the Golden Horn. Consequently, he considered the several names which were mentioned in the Byzantine sources (Justinian, Kallinikos, Panteleimon and Camel Bridge) as the names of the same bridge. However, according to Ibn Battuta, who stayed in Constantinople in 1334, the former stone bridge over the Golden Horn was destroyed a long time before his visit. This construction must have been collapsed at an unknown time after 1204. On the other hand, the name Camel Bridge appears in the sources only from the end of the 13th century and for the last time in 1343. This new bridge, which was unknown to Ibn Battuta, is depicted on a veduta of Constantinople-Istanbul (Düsseldorf, Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, G 13, fol. 54r, ca. 1485/90) with the inscription pons despine. It is the same bridge which is depicted in the Vatican “Epithalamion” (Vat. gr. 1851, fol. 3v). Although the date of the manuscript is being controversially discussed at present, I agree with the scholars who date it in the Palaiologan era. The bridge on fol. 3v marks the place where a foreign imperial bride (presumably Maria-Kyratza of Bulgaria, the bride of Andronikos IV Palaiologos, who entered Constantinople by ship in 1346) is received by court ladies, and is already dressed in the robe of an Augusta (ῥωμαικὸν δεσποινικὸν ἱμάτιον). The name pons despine is without doubt the Latin translation of γέφυρα τῆς δεσποίνης. The bridge on both illustrations must be located further north of the Kosmidion at the narrowest point of the Golden Horn near modern district Silâhtarağa. In future discussions on the date of the Vatican “Epithalamion”, the pons despine in the Düsseldorf manuscript should be taken into account since it owes its name to the reception of an imperial bride (δέσποινης νύμφη). This event must have taken place in the Palaiologan period near the Camel Bridge, the only still existing bridge over the Golden Horn in 1343, 1346 and 1485/90.
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You, Ji’an, Zhaozheng Hu, Chao Peng, and Zhiqiang Wang. "Generation and Annotation of Simulation-Real Ship Images for Convolutional Neural Networks Training and Testing." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 5931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135931.
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Large amounts of high-quality image data are the basis and premise of the high accuracy detection of objects in the field of convolutional neural networks (CNN). It is challenging to collect various high-quality ship image data based on the marine environment. A novel method based on CNN is proposed to generate a large number of high-quality ship images to address this. We obtained ship images with different perspectives and different sizes by adjusting the ships’ postures and sizes in three-dimensional (3D) simulation software, then 3D ship data were transformed into 2D ship image according to the principle of pinhole imaging. We selected specific experimental scenes as background images, and the target ships of the 2D ship images were superimposed onto the background images to generate “Simulation–Real” ship images (named SRS images hereafter). Additionally, an image annotation method based on SRS images was designed. Finally, the target detection algorithm based on CNN was used to train and test the generated SRS images. The proposed method is suitable for generating a large number of high-quality ship image samples and annotation data of corresponding ship images quickly to significantly improve the accuracy of ship detection. The annotation method proposed is superior to the annotation methods that label images with the image annotation software of Label-me and Label-img in terms of labeling the SRS images.
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Zagorodniuk, I. "Nomen “shchur” as the Ukrainian name of mammals from the genus Arvicola: historical and etymological survey." Visnyk of Lviv University. Biological series, no. 84 (July 19, 2021): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vlubs.2021.84.02.
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The ancient Ukrainian zoonym “shchur”, which has long been used for various animals, but most often for large burrowing rodents represented in the aboriginal fauna of Ukraine by the genus Arvicola, is considered. At the same time, this name is also used as a synonym for the word “krysa” (= rat), and in this sense is often identified with the genus Rattus (“patsiuk” = rat) to denote various large rodents from distant lands following a principle “ the small = mice, the large = rats”. Therefore, the name “shchur” is often considered ambiguous and thus worth either forgetting or using only for the alien species. Etymological hypotheses are considered, of which the most relevant to zoological specifics is the one that explains the connection with burrows, ground, and night. This set of features determines the general ecomorphological type: large long-tailed underground mouse-like rodents with expressed nocturnal activity, which appearance in human economies is undesirable. The history of use of the name “shchur” in the special literature, mainly in zoological reviews and other zoological studies, in the period from 1874 to 2020 is analysed. The widespread use of the nomen to denote different groups of animals, and especially rodents of the ecomorphological type “large mice”, which are representatives of the genera Arvicola and Rattus, is shown. Analysis of old sources showed that the name “shchur” was originally used as a common “generic” name for all species as well as some intraspecific forms of both genera, with the definition of semantic differences in the species modifier: water, common, ground, nomadic, basement, black, ship, mill, and so on “shchur”. Unambiguous fixation of Ukrainian generic names as equivalents to scientific generic names required the typification of all names, which took place in the Ukrainian scientific nomenclature in the late XIX and early XX centuries. As a result, the name “rat” is proposed to be assigned to the genus Arvicola, and for the genus Rattus to be recorded as the Ukrainian equivalent of the nomen “patsiuk” (“rat”). Arguments are presented to recognise the antiquity of the zoonym “shchur” and therefore to recognise its importance for the designation of aboriginal rodent species, and especially of “water shchur” (water vole, Arvicola amphibius) voles of the genus Arvicola in general. The practice of traditional naming of laboratory rats as “shchur”, as well as the use of the name “shchur” with appropriate definitions to refer to other genera, including muskrats (“musk shchur” or “musk rat”), nutria (“marsh shchur” or “marsh rat”) and various representatives of distant faunas (bamboo or spiny tree-rats, etc.) in the Ukrainian zoonymics should be abolished.
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Ivan, Alexandra. "Modern-day periodicals: Fan-fiction and the platforms where they are hosted." Reci Beograd 15, no. 16 (2023): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/reci2316191i.
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Fan-fiction has a decades-long history of existence, with its debut preceding the invention of the internet. However, nowadays, fan-fiction in the form of writing has moved almost exclusively to designated platforms for hosting fanfiction as well as social media, where the terms and conditions permit it. The present paper aims to analyse the social media sites where fan-fiction creations were or are currently hosted within their selected communities and the ways in which the platforms are influencing the form of the text themselves. Wattpad, and AO3, as fanfiction hosting platforms, as well LiveJournal, Tumblr, and Twitter have been used as places to disseminate fan-fictional content, be it images or in textual form. The analysis will include the requirements of the content creators with regards to the platform prerequisites for publishing new content, as well as the limitations of the platforms and the effect they have on the fan-fiction itself, from shortened tags for ship names all the way to its structure. The paper aims to be a brief cataloguing of aspects of each platform in itself as well as the "unspoken rules" devised by individual fandoms for the purpose of making the content more accessible to readers and also to abide by the requirement for content warnings and tags with respect to the matters contained within the creation.
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Xian, Yunting, Jin Xian, Lu Lu, and Ji Tang. "FGSR: A Fine-Grained Ship Retrieval Dataset and Method in Smart Cities." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (May 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2807139.
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Ship reidentification is an important part of water transportation systems in smart cities. Existing ship reidentification methods lack a large-scale fine-grained ship retrieval dataset in the wild and existing ship recognition solutions mainly focus on the ship target identification rather than the fine-grained ship reidentification. Furthermore, previous ship target identification systems are usually based on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image, automatic identification system (AIS) data, or video streaming, which is confronted with expensive deployment costs, such as the installation cost of SAR and AIS, and the communication and storage overhead. Indeed, ship reidentification benefits for traffic monitoring, navigation safety, vessel tracking, etc. To address these problems, we propose a new large-scale fine-grained ship retrieval dataset (named FGSR) that consists of 30,000 images of 1000 ships captured in the wild. Besides, to tackle the difficulty of spatial-temporal inconsistency in ship identification in the wild, we design a multioriented ship reidentification network named FGSR-Net that consists of three modules to address different crucial problems. The pyramid fusion module was aimed at addressing the problem of variant size and shape of ship targets, the occlusion modules attempt to detect the unchangeable area of ship images, while the multibranch identity module generates discriminative feature representation for ship targets from different orientations. Experimental evaluations on FGSR dataset show the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed FGSR-Net. The mean average precision of ship reidentification is around 92.4%, and our FGSR-Net proposed method only takes 3 seconds to give the retrieval results from 30,000 images.
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Fang, Zhou, Xiaoyong Wang, Liang Zhang, and Bo Jiang. "YOLO-RSA: A Multiscale Ship Detection Algorithm Based on Optical Remote Sensing Image." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 4 (March 30, 2024): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12040603.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, deep learning is extensively utilized for ship target detection; however, achieving accurate and real-time detection of multi-scale targets remains a significant challenge. Considering the diverse scenes, varied scales, and complex backgrounds of ships in optical remote sensing images, we introduce a network model named YOLO-RSA. The model consists of a backbone feature extraction network, a multi-scale feature pyramid, and a rotated detection head. We conduct thorough tests on the HRSC2016 and DOTA datasets to validate the proposed algorithm. Through ablation experiments, we assess the impact of each improvement component on the model. In comparative experiments, the proposed model surpasses other models in terms of Recall, Precision, and MAP on the HRSC2016 dataset. Finally, in generalization experiments, our proposed ship detection model exhibits excellent detection performance across various scenarios. The method can accurately detect multi-scale ships in the image and provide a basis for marine ship monitoring and port management.
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Zhao, Hongwei, Weishan Zhang, Haoyun Sun, and Bing Xue. "Embedded Deep Learning for Ship Detection and Recognition." Future Internet 11, no. 2 (February 21, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11020053.
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Ship detection and recognition are important for smart monitoring of ships in order to manage port resources effectively. However, this is challenging due to complex ship profiles, ship background, object occlusion, variations of weather and light conditions, and other issues. It is also expensive to transmit monitoring video in a whole, especially if the port is not in a rural area. In this paper, we propose an on-site processing approach, which is called Embedded Ship Detection and Recognition using Deep Learning (ESDR-DL). In ESDR-DL, the video stream is processed using embedded devices, and we design a two-stage neural network named DCNet, which is composed of a DNet for ship detection and a CNet for ship recognition, running on embedded devices. We have extensively evaluated ESDR-DL, including performance of accuracy and efficiency. The ESDR-DL is deployed at the Dongying port of China, which has been running for over a year and demonstrates that it can work reliably for practical usage.
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Abels, Richard. "Suffolk in the Middle Ages: Studies in Places and Place-Names, the Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial, Saints, Mummies and Crosses, Domesday Book, and Chronicles of Bury Abbey. Norman Scarfe." Speculum 63, no. 4 (October 1988): 992–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2853591.
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Li, Zhaoxi, Yaan Li, Kai Zhang, and Jianli Guo. "A Novel Improved Feature Extraction Technique for Ship-Radiated Noise Based on IITD and MDE." Entropy 21, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21121215.
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Ship-radiated noise signal has a lot of nonlinear, non-Gaussian, and nonstationary information characteristics, which can reflect the important signs of ship performance. This paper proposes a novel feature extraction technique for ship-radiated noise based on improved intrinsic time-scale decomposition (IITD) and multiscale dispersion entropy (MDE). The proposed feature extraction technique is named IITD-MDE. First, IITD is applied to decompose the ship-radiated noise signal into a series of intrinsic scale components (ISCs). Then, we select the ISC with the main information through the correlation analysis, and calculate the MDE value as feature vectors. Finally, the feature vectors are input into the support vector machine (SVM) for ship classification. The experimental results indicate that the recognition rate of the proposed technique reaches 86% accuracy. Therefore, compared with the other feature extraction methods, the proposed method provides a new solution for classifying different types of ships effectively.
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Li, Zhaoxi, Yaan Li, Kai Zhang, and Jianli Guo. "A Novel Improved Feature Extraction Technique for Ship-radiated Noise Based on Improved Intrinsic Time-Scale Decomposition and Multiscale Dispersion Entropy." Proceedings 46, no. 1 (November 17, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecea-5-06687.
Full textAbstract:
Entropy feature analysis is an important tool for the classification and identification of different types of ships. In order to improve the limitations of traditional feature extraction of ship-radiation noise in complex marine environments, we proposed a novel feature extraction method for ship-radiated noise based on improved intrinsic time-scale decomposition (IITD) and multiscale dispersion entropy (MDE). The proposed feature extraction technique is named IITD-MDE. IITD, as an improved algorithm, has more reliable performance than intrinsic time-scale decomposition (ITD). Firstly, five types of ship-radiated noise signals are decomposed into a series of intrinsic scale component (ISCs) by IITD. Then, we select the ISC with the main information through correlation analysis, and calculate the MDE value as a feature vector. Finally, the feature vector is input into the support vector machine (SVM) classifier to analyze and get classification. The experimental results demonstrate that the recognition rate of the proposed technique reaches 86% accuracy. Therefore, compared with the other feature extraction methods, the proposed method is able to classify the different types of ships effectively.
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Liu, Genwang, Xi Zhang, and Junmin Meng. "A Small Ship Target Detection Method Based on Polarimetric SAR." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (December 8, 2019): 2938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242938.
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The detection of small fishing ships is very important for maritime fishery supervision. However, it is difficult to detect small ships using synthetic aperture radar (SAR), due to the weak target scattering and very small number of pixels. Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) has been widely used in maritime ship detection due to its abundant target scattering information. In the present paper, a new ship detector, named ΛM, is developed based on the analysis of polarization scattering differences between ship and sea, then combined with the two-parameter constant false alarm rate method (TP-CFAR) algorithm to conduct ship detection. The goals of the detector construction are to fully consider the ship’s depolarization effect, and further amplify it through sliding window processing. First, the signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) enhancement performance of ΛM for ships with different lengths ranging from 8 to 230 m under 90 different combinations of windows are analyzed in detail using three set of RADARSAT-2 quad-polarization data, then the appropriate window size is determined. In addition, the SCR enlargement between ΛM and some typical polarization features is compared. Among these, for ships of length greater than 35 m, the average contrast of ΛM is 33.7 dB, which is 20 dB greater than that of the HV channel. For small vessels of length less than 16 m, the average contrast of ΛM is 16 dB higher than that of HV channel on average. Finally, the RADARSAT-2 data including nonmetallic small vessels are used to perform ship detection tests, and the detection ability for conventional and small ships of some classic algorithms are compared and analyzed. For large vessels of length greater than 35 m, the method proposed in this paper is able to obtain a superior detection result, maintain the ship contour well, and suppress false alarms caused by the cross side lobe in the SAR image. For small vessels of length less than 16 m, the method proposed in this paper can reduce the number of missed targets, while also obtaining superior detection results, especially for small nonmetallic vessels.
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Chen, Xinqiang, Yongsheng Yang, Shengzheng Wang, Huafeng Wu, Jinjun Tang, Jiansen Zhao, and Zhihuan Wang. "Ship Type Recognition via a Coarse-to-Fine Cascaded Convolution Neural Network." Journal of Navigation 73, no. 4 (February 28, 2020): 813–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463319000900.
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Most previous research has handled the task of ship type recognition by exploring hand-craft ship features, which may fail to distinguish ships with similar visual appearances. This situation motivates us to propose a novel deep learning based ship type recognition framework which we have named coarse-to-fine cascaded convolution neural network (CFCCNN). First, the proposed CFCCNN framework formats the input training ship images and data, and provides trainable input data for the hidden layers of the CFCCNN. Second, the coarse and fine steps are run in a nesting manner to explore discriminative features for different ship types. More specifically, the coarse step is trained in a similar manner to the traditional convolution neural network, while the fine step introduces regularisation mechanisms to extract more intrinsic ship features, and fine tunes parameter settings to obtain better recognition performance. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the CFCCNN model for recognising the most common types of merchant ship (oil tanker, container, LNG tanker, chemical carrier, general cargo, bulk carrier, etc.). The experimental results show that the proposed framework obtains better recognition performance than the conventional methods of ship type recognition.
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Zhang, Yipeng, Dongdong Lu, Xiaolan Qiu, and Fei Li. "Scattering-Point-Guided RPN for Oriented Ship Detection in SAR Images." Remote Sensing 15, no. 5 (March 2, 2023): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15051411.
Full textAbstract:
Ship detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images has attracted widespread attention due to its significance and challenges. In recent years, numerous detectors based on deep learning have achieved good performance in the field of SAR ship detection. However, ship targets of the same type always have various representations in SAR images under different imaging conditions, while different types of ships may have a high degree of similarity, which considerably complicates SAR target recognition. Meanwhile, the ship target in the SAR image is also obscured by background and noise. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel oriented ship detection method in SAR images named SPG-OSD. First, we propose an oriented two-stage detection module based on the scattering characteristics. Second, to reduce false alarms and missing ships, we improve the performance of the network by incorporating SAR scattering characteristics in the first stage of the detector. A scattering-point-guided region proposal network (RPN) is designed to predict possible key scattering points and make the regression and classification stages of RPN increase attention to the vicinity of key scattering points and reduce attention to background and noise. Third, supervised contrastive learning is introduced to alleviate the problem of minute discrepancies among SAR object classes. Region-of-Interest (RoI) contrastive loss is proposed to enhance inter-class distinction and diminish intra-class variance. Extensive experiments are conducted on the SAR ship detection dataset from the Gaofen-3 satellite, and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of SPG-OSD and show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance.
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Ma, Feng, Zhe Kang, Chen Chen, Jie Sun, and Jizhu Deng. "MrisNet: Robust Ship Instance Segmentation in Challenging Marine Radar Environments." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 1 (December 27, 2023): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010072.
Full textAbstract:
In high-traffic harbor waters, marine radar frequently encounters signal interference stemming from various obstructive elements, thereby presenting formidable obstacles in the precise identification of ships. To achieve precise pixel-level ship identification in the complex environments, a customized neural network-based ship segmentation algorithm named MrisNet is proposed. MrisNet employs a lightweight and efficient FasterYOLO network to extract features from radar images at different levels, capturing fine-grained edge information and deep semantic features of ship pixels. To address the limitation of deep features in the backbone network lacking detailed shape and structured information, an adaptive attention mechanism is introduced after the FasterYOLO network to enhance crucial ship features. To fully utilize the multi-dimensional feature outputs, MrisNet incorporates a Transformer structure to reconstruct the PANet feature fusion network, allowing for the fusion of contextual information and capturing more essential ship information and semantic correlations. In the prediction stage, MrisNet optimizes the target position loss using the EIoU function, enabling the algorithm to adapt to ship position deviations and size variations, thereby improving segmentation accuracy and convergence speed. Experimental results demonstrate MrisNet achieves high recall and precision rates of 94.8% and 95.2%, respectively, in ship instance segmentation, outperforming various YOLO and other single-stage algorithms. Moreover, MrisNet has a model parameter size of 13.8M and real-time computational cost of 23.5G, demonstrating notable advantages in terms of convolutional efficiency. In conclusion, MrisNet accurately segments ships with different spot features and under diverse environmental conditions in marine radar images. It exhibits outstanding performance, particularly in extreme scenarios and challenging interference conditions, showcasing robustness and applicability.
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ARIYAMA, HIROYUKI, and KYOSHIRO HIKI. "A morphological and molecular study of Ligia exotica Roux, 1828 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ligiidae) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species." Zootaxa 5453, no. 4 (May 22, 2024): 451–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5453.4.1.
Full textAbstract:
Ligia exotica Roux, 1828 was originally described based on specimens collected on a ship that came from Cayenne in French Guiana, and has been known to be widely distributed in the world. In Japan this species is the most common in Ligia, and two forms of L. exotica inhabit Osaka Bay, central Japan. To reveal the accurate scientific names of the two forms, we examined not only the detailed morphology but also 16S rRNA and NaK nucleotide sequences, together with L. exotica from another Japanese locality and the related species, L. shinjiensis Tsuge, 2008. As a result, three species, Ligia exotica, L. furcata sp. nov. and L. laticarpa sp. nov., are recognized in four localities, and L. shinjiensis is synonymized with L. exotica. Ligia exotica is characterized by the dentate lacinia mobilis on the right mandible and the appendix masculina lacking a projection. Ligia furcata and L. laticarpa are also characterized by the furcate propodus of the male pereopod 1 and the appendix masculina with an angular projection, and the swollen carpus of the male pereopod 1 and the appendix masculina with a rounded projection, respectively. The three species are distinguishable from one another mainly based on the shapes of pereopods 1–3 in both sexes and the appendix masculina of male. The 16S rRNA analysis confirms the results of the morphological study, and reveals that L. exotica and L. laticarpa also inhabit all over the world (e.g., East Asia, Southeast Asia, India, Africa, the Americas and Hawaii), and China and South Korea, respectively.
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MASSALINA, I. P., and E. A. SOROKINA. "Cognitive approach experience to the metaphor analysis (on the basis of the navy language)." Issues of Applied Linguistics, no. 52 (2023): 132–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25076/vpl.52.06.
Full textAbstract:
Metaphorization in the naval LSP (Language for specific purposes) is studied in the cognitive linguistics context. The text understanding process is closely related to the phenomenon of mental situation image. In this case, the linguistic interpreting function reflects not only psychological features of the information perception, but also socio-cultural knowledge. The purpose of the article is to analyze some metaphors in the naval domain, to establish the relationship between linguistic and extralinguistic factors, to focus some regularities of nomination when constructing logical or metaphorical connections between different conceptual and thematic areas and their elements. The process of interaction between knowledge structures of two conceptual domains - sphere «source» and sphere «target» is considered. Procedure and methods. The study applied the methods of discursive and semantic analysis. When naming a new object, a person usually has associations with familiar things. That is why the metaphorical nomination sources in the naval discourse are body parts and animal names which describe humans from different perspectives. For example, "pigeon", "birds", "bilge rat". The origin of "the eyes of the ship" metaphor is explained. The results of the study show that the metaphors in the LSP of navy are formed according to the most regular models of semantic transfers. In metaphorical formations the national specificity is obvious, so the national language characteristics in the highly professional naval sphere are identified. The research results contribute to the further LSP cognitive study. The theoretical foundations of the naval discourse formation mechanisms are stated. The relationship between the naval language functioning and the specific features of the domain are established.
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Dou, Wenhao, Leiming Zhu, Yang Wang, and Shubo Wang. "Research on Key Technology of Ship Re-Identification Based on the USV-UAV Collaboration." Drones 7, no. 9 (September 20, 2023): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7090590.
Full textAbstract:
Distinguishing ship identities is critical in ensuring the safety and supervision of the marine agriculture and transportation industry. In this paper, we present a comprehensive investigation and validation of the progression of ship re-identification technology within a cooperative framework predominantly governed by UAVs. Our research revolves around the creation of a ship ReID dataset, the creation of a ship ReID dataset, the development of a feature extraction network, ranking optimization, and the establishment of a ship identity re-identification system built upon the collaboration of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). We introduce a ship ReID dataset named VesselID-700, comprising 56,069 images covering seven classes of typical ships. We also simulated the multi-angle acquisition state of UAVs to categorize the ship orientations within this dataset. To address the challenge of distinguishing between ships with small inter-class differences and large intra-class variations, we propose a fine-grained feature extraction network called FGFN. FGFN enhances the ResNet architecture with a self-attentive mechanism and generalized mean pooling. We also introduce a multi-task loss function that combines classification and triplet loss, incorporating hard sample mining. Ablation experiments on the VesselID-700 dataset demonstrate that the FGFN network achieves outstanding performance, with a Rank-1 accuracy of 89.78% and mAP of 65.72% at a state-of-the-art level. Generalization experiments on pedestrian and vehicle ReID datasets reveal that FGFN excels in recognizing other rigid body targets and diverse viewpoints. Furthermore, to further enhance the advantages of UAV-USV synergy in ship ReID performance, we propose a ranking optimization method based on the homologous fusion of multi-angle UAVs and heterologous fusion of USV-UAV collaborative architecture. This optimization leads to a significant 3% improvement in Rank-1 performance, accompanied by a 73% reduction in retrieval time cost.
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Xiong, Boli, Zhongzhen Sun, Jin Wang, Xiangguang Leng, and Kefeng Ji. "A Lightweight Model for Ship Detection and Recognition in Complex-Scene SAR Images." Remote Sensing 14, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 6053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14236053.
Full textAbstract:
SAR ship detection and recognition are important components of the application of SAR data interpretation, allowing for the continuous, reliable, and efficient monitoring of maritime ship targets, in view of the present situation of SAR interpretation applications. On the one hand, because of the lack of high-quality datasets, most existing research on SAR ships is focused on target detection. Additionally, there have been few studies on integrated ship detection and recognition in complex SAR images. On the other hand, the development of deep learning technology promotes research on the SAR image intelligent interpretation algorithm to some extent. However, most existing algorithms only focus on target recognition performance and ignore the model’s size and computational efficiency. Aiming to solve the above problems, a lightweight model for ship detection and recognition in complex-scene SAR images is proposed in this paper. Firstly, in order to comprehensively improve the detection performance and deployment capability, this paper applies the YOLOv5-n lightweight model as the baseline algorithm. Secondly, we redesign and optimize the pyramid pooling structure to effectively enhance the target feature extraction efficiency and improve the algorithm’s operation speed. Meanwhile, to suppress the influence of complex background interference and ships’ distribution, we integrate different attention mechanism into the target feature extraction layer. In addition, to improve the detection and recognition performance of densely parallel ships, we optimize the structure of the model’s prediction layer by adding an angular classification module. Finally, we conducted extensive experiments on the newly released complex-scene SAR image ship detection and recognition dataset, named the SRSDDv1.0 dataset. The experimental results show that the minimum size of the model proposed in this paper is only 1.92 M parameters and 4.52 MB of model memory, which can achieve an excellent F1-Score performance of 61.26 and an FPS performance of 68.02 on the SRSDDv1.0 dataset.
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Morgunov, K. P., G. Ryabov, and I. Buchnev. "Determination of the optimal modes of filling and emptying the chamber of the navigational lock of a low-pressure hydroelectric complex." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2061, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2061/1/012136.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The construction of the low-pressure Nizhny Novgorod hydroelectric complex covered by the Strategy for the Development of Inland Water Transport of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 envisages a ship lock as part of the hydroelectric system to ensure ships passage. One of the options under consideration is a ship lock with a head power system, which uses short bypass water-circulating culvert for filling and emptying the chamber. At the same time, an important task is to select the optimal modes ensuring movement of the gates of the filling and emptying systems, in which the normative values of the hydrodynamic forces influencing the vessel in the chamber during the lock process would not be exceeded. The article describes the experience of performing laboratory hydraulic studies of the ship lock model and presents the results of determining the optimal modes of locks movement in the ship lock filling and emptying systems. The studies were carried out on a model located in the hydrotechnical laboratory named after Professor V.E. Timonov of the State University of Maritime and River Fleet named after Admiral S.O. Makarov. The article describes the experience of performing laboratory hydraulic studies of the ship lock model and presents the results of determining the optimal modes of gates movement in the ship lock filling and emptying systems. The studies were carried out on a model located in the hydrotechnical laboratory named after Professor V.E. Timonov of the State University of Maritime and River Fleet named after Admiral S.O. Makarov. The studies included three series of measurements taken at different speeds of gates movement. The speeds were assigned based on the following idea: the maximum hydrodynamic forces of one of the series were close to the permissible values, and of the other two – 30–50 % smaller and larger, respectively. The experimental results determined the optimal operating modes of the systems for filling and emptying the lock chamber. It is recommended to select of the optimal modes of gates movement in full-scale conditions on the newly built ship locks immediately after their construction.
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Wu, Shujie, Wei Wang, Jie Deng, Sinong Quan, Feng Ruan, Pengcheng Guo, and Hongqi Fan. "Nearshore Ship Detection in PolSAR Images by Integrating Superpixel-Level GP-PNF and Refined Polarimetric Decomposition." Remote Sensing 16, no. 6 (March 20, 2024): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16061095.
Full textAbstract:
Nearshore ship detection has significant applications in both the military and civilian domains. Compared to synthetic aperture radar (SAR), polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) provides richer information for analyzing the scattering mechanisms of ships and enables better detection of ship targets. However, ships in nearshore areas tend to be highly concentrated, and ship detection is often affected by adjacent strong scattering, resulting in false alarms or missed detections. While the GP-PNF detector performs well in PolSAR ship detection, it cannot obtain satisfactory results in these scenarios, and it also struggles in the presence of azimuthal ambiguity or strong clutter interference. To address these challenges, we propose a nearshore ship detection method named ECD-PNF by integrating superpixel-level GP-PNF and refined polarimetric decomposition. Firstly, polarimetric superpixel segmentation and sea–land segmentation are performed to reduce the influence of land on ship detection. To estimate the sea clutter more accurately, an automatic censoring (AC) mechanism combined with superpixels is used to select the sea clutter superpixels. By utilizing refined eight-component polarimetric decomposition to improve the scattering vector, the physical interpretability of the detector is enhanced. Additionally, the expression of polarimetric coherence is improved to enhance the target clutter ratio (TCR). Finally, this paper combines the third eigenvalue of eigenvalue–eigenvector decomposition to reduce the impact of azimuthal ambiguity. Three spaceborne PolSAR datasets from Radarsat-2 and GF-3 are adopted in the experiments for comparison. The proposed ECD-PNF method achieves the highest figure of merit (FoM) value of 0.980, 1.000, and 1.000 for three datasets, validating the effectiveness of the proposed method.