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1
Raghuram, G. "Precious Shipping Public Company Limited." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 26, no. 3 (July 2001): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920010306.
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Precious Shipping Public Company Limited (PSL) went through a process of financial restructuring in response to the economic crisis that hit Thailand in 1997. PSL faced trouble since payments were due in dollars and they had investments in Thai baht, which had devalued during the crisis. Being a professionally managed company with a high level of transparency in their transactions, they came out of the situation by managing to restructure their secured and unsecured debts. A large part of the unsecured debt proved a little more complex since it was tied to a swap. The case describes the financial restructuring process and the business scenario during the crisis, and provides an opportunity for learning about financial risk management. Readers are invited to send their responses on the case to Vikalpa Office.
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Raghuram, G. "Precious Shipping Public Company Limited." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 27, no. 1 (January 2002): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920020108.
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The July-September 2001 (Vol 26, No 3) issue of Vikalpa had published a Management Case titled “ Precious Shipping Public Company Limited” by G Raghuram. In this issue, we feature three responses on the case from Ajay Pandey; Justin Paul; and Amit Paranjape, Indraneel Pandit, and Umesh Bali. Precious Shipping Public Company Limited (PSL) went through a process of financial restructuring in response to the economic crisis that hit Thailand in 1997. PSL faced trouble since payments were due in dollars and they had investments in Thai baht, which had devalued during the crisis. Being a professionally managed company with a high level of transparency in their transactions, they came out of the situation by managing to restructure their secured and unsecured debts. A large part of the unsecured debt proved a little more complex since it was tied to a swap. The case describes the financial restructuring process and the business scenario during the crisis, and provides an opportunity for learning about financial risk management.
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Hill, Carol. "The Kirkcudbright Shipping Company, 1811–1817." International Journal of Maritime History 9, no. 1 (June 1997): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387149700900106.
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Kim, S. June. "The expansion of private shipping and entrepreneurship in Korea, 1960-1981." International Journal of Maritime History 32, no. 1 (February 2020): 101–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871420904534.
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The Korean shipping industry has developed swiftly since the 1960s, and by 2018 Korea had become one of the world’s top seven shipowning countries. From 1945 to the 1960s, the Korea Shipping Corporation, as a national shipping company, played a crucial role in leading the development of the shipping industry. Since the privatization of this national shipping company in 1968, Korean shipping has been led by private companies. This article analyzes the forces that drove the rapid expansion of private shipping companies between 1960 and 1981, and contends that government policy and the entrepreneurship of merchant marine officers were the main causal factors.
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Rahman, Annur, and Hayati Mukti Asih. "Optimizing shipping routes to minimize cost using particle swarm optimization." International Journal of Industrial Optimization 1, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/ijio.v1i1.1605.
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Product shipping is important in the economic process in the company. Efficient product shipping routes should provide low transportation costs. This study based on a case company of CV. Kayana, a distributor of “Sari Roti”, has 4 motorbikes and 2 cars. Each vehicle has their own shipping routes. Nowadays, high distance for each route results on high transportation cost. Therefore, the objective of this study to minimize the distance and cost of product shipping by developing shipping algorithm using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The MATLAB software was employed to solve this problem. The solution is obtained by varying the amount of particles and number of iterations. Experimental results proved that the developed PSO is enough effective and efficient to solve shipping routes problem. The results show the proposed model have lower distance and transportation cost. It helps the company in determining the routes for product shipping with minimum transportation cost.
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Armanto, Arlita, and Haryadi Sarjono. "Penerapan Model Transportasi dan Decision Tree pada Distribusi Barang." Winners 13, no. 1 (March 30, 2012): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/tw.v13i1.665.
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Goods distribution has a firm connection with transportation cost. Transportation method used by a company will cause great impact on company’s profit. If company’s profit can be maximal, the company will be able to develop its business even greater. Some problem solution steps proposed were: determining optimum criteria, developing alternative solution, developing optimum model, and practicing chosen implicative planning solution. These steps were implemented to obtain optimum goods distribution cost to gain maximum profit. This research resulted in that the distribution cost for goods implemented by current method in the company has been already optimum. Then for the following development, Decision Tree Method was used, where the results are: shipping to Yogyakarta using Sinar Aji transportation service with minimum EMV Rp.2.993.342; shipping to Salatiga using own car with EMV Rp.2.659.388; shipping to Purwokerto using Sinar Aji transportation service with EMV Rp.2.563.859; shipping to Cirebon using Sinar Aji transportaion service with EMV Rp.2.443.792; shipping to Semarang using Sinar Aji transportation service with EMV Rp.4.203.489. As the conclusion, goods shipping method which has been implemented by the company until now is optimum so it still can be used for any following business development as well as provides an iluustrative plan for the company.
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Zalesskaia, Olga, and Ying Cai. "Cooperation of the Amur Shipping Company and Heilongjiang Shipping Group on the development of Sino-Russian border relations in the Amur Region." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 6 (June 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2021.6.36979.
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River transportation along the Amur River has played a crucial role in the development of Sino-Russian relations since the middle of the XIX century. With the opening of Far Eastern borders and the improvement of Sino-Russian relations at the turn of the XX – XX centuries, they river transportation amplified its importance. The subject of this research is the cooperation of the Amur Shipping Company and Heilongjiang Shipping Group in the Far East. An overview is given to the activity of the two largest shipping companies of Russia and China in the Amur River Basin, as well as to the line of activity of the Chinese company aimed at the development of Sino-Russian border relations. The scientific novelty lies in the analysis of interaction between the Amur Shipping Company and Heilongjiang Shipping Group. The conclusion is made on the immensity of the accumulated historical experience of cooperation, all-round role of interaction between the the Amur Shipping Company and Heilongjiang Shipping Group in Sino-Russian relations, gradual development of the two corporations, and development potential of further cooperation in the conditions of COVID-19 pandemic. The article is relevant for studying the strategic development of Heilongjiang shipping companies and the role of Amur river transport in the context of Russia's economic integration into the Asia-Pacific Region.
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Håvold, Jon Ivar. "Safety-culture in a Norwegian shipping company." Journal of Safety Research 36, no. 5 (January 2005): 441–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2005.08.005.
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Hartanto, Hartanto, Ong Argo Victoria, and Anirut Chuasanga. "MARITIME TRANSPORTATION OF INDONESIAN POLICY." Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 6, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v6i1.4657.
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In a period of 5 years (19.962 million) the number of shipping companies in Indonesia increased from 1,156 into 1,724 pieces, or increased 568 companies (an average increase of 10.5% pa). While the strength of the national shipping fleet enlarged, from 6.156 into 9.195 units (an average increase of 11.3% pa). But in terms of haulage capacity rose only slightly, namely from 6,654,753 into 7,715,438 DWT. Means the average capacity of the national shipping company declined. Throughout this period, the volume of sea trade grew 3% pa The volume of freight rose from 379,776,945 tonnes (1996) to 417,287,411 tonnes (2000), or an increase of 51,653,131 tons within five years, but not all of that growth can be met by the capacity of the national shipping company ( Indonesian-flagged vessels), even for domestic shipping (between ports in Indonesia). In 2000, the number of foreign ships which reached 1,777 units with a capacity of 5,122,307 DWT domestic load scooped by 17 million tonnes or about 31%.As a result, the Indonesian shipping industry is currently very poor. National shipping companies compete in national and international shipping market, due to weakness in all aspects, such as size, age, technology, and speed boats. In the field of international cargo (export / import) share of the national shipping company is only about 3% to 5%, with a declining trend (see Table below). These proportions are very unbalanced and unhealthy for the growth of the national shipping fleet strength.
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Sulistiyono, Singgih Tri. "The Expulsion of KPM and its Impact on the Inter-island Shipping and Trade in Indonesia, 1957–1964." Itinerario 30, no. 2 (July 2006): 104–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511530001398x.
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Some historians think that the expulsion of the KPM (Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij/Royal Packet Company) from Indonesian waters in 1957 had a disastrous impact on the inter-island shipping and trade in this largest insular region in the world. It is assumed that the Indonesian people did not have the capacity to overcome such serious problems generated by the absence of KPM from their waters, as financial inadequacy in buying new ships to replace the KPM fleet, the non-existence of experience and managerial skill in operating a modern, big shipping company and the like. Considering how big the role of KPM in the Indonesian inter-island shipping was, it is also imagined that the expulsion of this company would be a precondition of economic stagnation in Indonesia, because there was no shipping which had adequate experience to take over the role of KPM. As Dick states ‘Suspension of KPM sailing in December 1957 was the end of an efficient inter-island shipping (in Indonesia)’.
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Wang, Bin, and Tao Yang. "Stochastic Optimization of Empty Container Repositioning of Sea Carriage." Advanced Materials Research 340 (September 2011): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.340.324.
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To improve the efficiency of empty container repositioning for a shipping company, a stochastic optimization model of empty container repositioning of sea carriage was established by chance-constrained programming. The objective function was to minimize the cost of empty container repositioning including shipping, rening and shortage cost. In the model, shipping cost was decided by the number of ship used for empty container repositioning. The constraints of the model included meeting the need of empty containers, limit to the number of empty containers provided and the capacity of shipping. The numbers of empty containers required are stochastic. The stochastis model was transferred to an integer programming one. Lingo9.0 was used to solve the model and simulation was done under varied parameters to get a good shipping strategy. The results show that the model can provide an effective program of empty container repositioning for a shipping company and it is a good way to raise shipping efficiency.
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Pohan, Chairil Anwar. "MEREVIU BASIS PEMAJAKAN PERUSAHAAN PELAYARAN NASIONAL BERDASARKAN “DEEMED PROFIT” ATAS PENGHASILAN DARI USAHA ANGKUTAN LAUT." Transparansi Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi 8, no. 2 (March 6, 2018): 112–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31334/trans.v8i2.66.
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Since Legislative Assembly approved Law No. 7 of 1983 on Income Tax, as last amended by the Law No. 36 of 2008 (so there are four time changes, namely by the Law No. 7 of 1991, then No. 10 of 1994, furthermore No. 17 of 2000 and the last No. 36 of 2008), but the base of the domestic and overseas shipping company taxation which apply Special Calculation Norm of Net Income (deemed profit) for the national and overseas shipping companies taxpayers with the application of Article 15 of the Income Tax (Final Tax) did not change either in the tax rates and the tax bases, whereas the corporate tax rate (Article 17 paragraph 1) has changed from the Law No. 7 of 1983 with progressive rates levying at the rate of 10% -35% with the last change to a flat rate of 25% in the Law No. 36 of 2008. Similarly, the Tax Base used appear to have been unreasonable to overseas shipping Net Income amounted to 6%. Tax Base which reflects the rate of return the company is used as a base taxation income tax shipping company seems too low, compared with the rate of profit (net profit after tax) obtained by shipping companies at home and abroad. These conditions certainly result in low tax revenue from the shipping sector, and on the other aspects of the fulfillment of tax fairness rules also disrupted due to the shipping company suffered a loss nonetheless pay a final tax (VAT Article 15).
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Zhou, Jingmiao, Yuzhe Zhao, and Xingwen Niu. "Two-Phase Optimization Models for Liner Shipping Network Based on Hub Ports Cooperation: From the Perspective of Supply-Side Reform in China." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (April 5, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6639218.
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From the perspective of supply-side reform in China, it is hard for COSCO Shipping, a merged company with a strong shipping capacity, to abandon the container shipping market. Meanwhile, the new company could cooperate with new strategic ports along the Maritime Silk Road in liner service. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to optimize the liner shipping network (LSN) from strategic, tactical, and operational levels and help the merged shipping company adjust its operational measures according to market changes. The optimization towards different levels of decision-making process is a new research of highly practical values. Specifically, this paper created two-phase optimization models for LSN based on the selection of hub ports. In Network Assessment (NA) phase, the LSNs of two types of hub ports selected are designed and assessed on strategic and tactical levels, and the primary and secondary routes are identified; in Network Operation (NO) phase, the “path-based flow” formulations are proposed from the operational level, considering operational measures including demand rejection and flow integration. The models in both phases are mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), but are solved by different tools: CPLEX for the NA phase models and the Genetic Algorithm (GA) for the NO phase models due to the computational complexity of the latter problem. Then, a computational experiment is performed on the LSN of COSCO Shipping on the Persian Gulf trade lane. The results have proved the effectiveness of the methodology and inspired important countermeasures for the merged shipping company.
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Rakhim, Ramadhany Aisyah. "OPTIMASI BIAYA TRANSPORTASI DISTRIBUSI BARANG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE Northwest Corner (NWC)." INFORMAL: Informatics Journal 3, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/isj.v3i3.10077.
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The distribution of goods is closely related to the cost of transportation. The transportation method used by the company will have a major impact on the company's profit. If the profit obtained by the company can be maximized, the company will be able to expand its business to become even bigger. The problem solving step is the determination of optimization criteria and optimization model development. These steps are used to optimize the cost of shipping goods to get maximum profit. The research obtained results namely the cost of shipping goods using the company's NWC method was optimal. It can be concluded that the method of shipping goods that has been carried out by the company has been optimal so that it can continue to be used for further business development, as well as providing an overview that should be done by the company.
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Iordanishvili, A. K. "Ways of preserving the oral health of seafarers during long voyage." Marine Medicine 6, no. 2 (July 21, 2020): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2413-5747-2020-6-2-59-62.
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The purpose of the study was the assessment of the oral health in seafarers of the shipping company and raising the level of oral hygiene in a long voyage.Materials and methods. The study examined the dental health of 106 male sailors aged 45–59 years, working in one of the country’s shipping companies. The assessment of dental health among seafarers was carried out using generally accepted examination methods before going on a long voyage and immediately after returning from it.Results and discussion. It has been established that more than half of the seafarers (59,43%) of the shipping company go on long trips without full mouth debridement. On average, 1,76 carious teeth per 1 sailor, and 91,51% of sailors go swimming with chronic inflammatory periodontal pathology, which requires tightening control over the oral health of seafarers of the shipping company in the pre-navigation period.
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Rusinov, I., and A. Ouami. "Key Profitability Factors for Strategic Alliances in Shipping Industry." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, no. 4 (February 1, 2022): 042043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/4/042043.
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Abstract International alliances (or strategic alliances) are combinations of global agreements between linear shipping companies. These agreements were signed in the mid-1990-es, and they include ocean carriers operating the main global routes. Alliances became a crucial phenomenon in shipping in the last few decades. In the past, the cooperation of linear shipping companies stipulated the coordination of prices and volumes. In the last two decades, global alliances of competing companies appear that distribute vessels to increase their operational efficiency and expand service areas. The character of these alliances changed over this period as described in this article. Besides, the authors formulated hypotheses that justify the key determinants impacting the success and efficiency of shipping company alliances. They also provide the results of reliability studies for the data impacting alliance efficiencies, such as the cross-company coordination, organizational training, alliance costs, its duration, and company size.
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Каминский, В. Ю., Д. А. Скороходов, М. Л. Маринов, and В. А. Аксенов. "Evaluating the effectiveness of a shipping company environmental protection." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII), no. 2(52) (June 5, 2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2021.52.2.013.
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Оценка экологической эффективности функционирования судоходной компании позволяет определить экологические аспекты воздействия компании на окружающую среду. Подобный анализ обеспечивает определение способов наилучшего управления экологическими аспектами. При планировании снижения экологической нагрузки необходимо осуществить выбор показателей для оценки экологической эффективности. Выполнено структурирование целей и подцелей управления безопасностью, выбран критерий экологической эффективности судоходной компании. Обоснована необходимость определения коэффициентов важности каждой цели. Для оценки экологической эффективности выбран критерий максимума аддитивной технической полезности. Разработана методика анкетирования судоходных компаний для определения значимости и достаточности сформулированных целей в рамках оценки экологической эффективности судоходной компании. Проведено анкетирование ведущих российских судоходных компаний по выявлению степени значимости и достаточности состава целей, подцелей и процедур, используемых для оценки экологической эффективности системы управления экологической безопасностью компании. Выбраны виды характеристик технической полезности для всех процедур, характеризующих эффективность мероприятий, и обоснована оценка экологической эффективности судоходной компании. The assessment of the environmental efficiency of the functioning of a shipping company allows us to determine the environmental aspects of the company's impact on the environment. Such an analysis provides a definition of how best to manage the environmental aspects. When planning to reduce the environmental burden, it is necessary to select indicators for assessing environmental efficiency. The structuring of the goals and sub-goals of safety management was carried out, the criterion of environmental efficiency of the shipping company was selected. The necessity of determining the importance coefficients of each goal is justified. To assess the environmental efficiency, the criterion of maximum additive technical utility is selected. The methodology of the survey of shipping companies was developed to determine the significance and sufficiency of the formulated goals in the framework of the assessment of the environmental efficiency of the shipping company. A survey of leading Russian shipping companies was conducted to identify the degree of significance and sufficiency of the goals, sub-goals and procedures used to assess the environmental effectiveness of the company's environmental safety management system. The types of technical utility characteristics for all procedures that characterize the effectiveness of measures are selected and the assessment of the environmental efficiency of the shipping company is justified.
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Otsuka, Atsushi. "Approach to Slow Steaming Operations of Shipping Company." Journal of The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering 49, no. 1 (2014): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.49.69.
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Fenton, Roy. "Ellerman Lines: Remembering a great British shipping company." Mariner's Mirror 100, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2014.932596.
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Lyridis, D. V., T. Fyrvik, G. N. Kapetanis, N. Ventikos, P. Anaxagorou, E. Uthaug, and H. N. Psaraftis. "Optimizing shipping company operations using business process modelling." Maritime Policy & Management 32, no. 4 (October 2005): 403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03088830500300636.
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Bowen, H. V. "The shipping losses of the British East India Company, 1750–1813." International Journal of Maritime History 32, no. 2 (May 2020): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871420920963.
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This article establishes and examines the shipping losses of the British East India Company between the middle of the eighteenth century and 1813 when it lost its trade monopoly with India. This was the most important period in the history of the East India Company because it greatly expanded its trade with India and China and established what became a very large territorial empire on the subcontinent. It was also a time when Britain was often at war with France. This is the first publication to present full information on all of the East India Company’s shipping losses. They are set out in the Appendix, which presents details of the names of every ship lost, the date of loss, the cause, and whether the ship was sailing to or from Asia. This information, discussed in the article, shows that 105 ships were lost on 2,171 voyages, a rate of loss that stood at just under 5%. The causes were primarily wrecking, foundering and enemy action, which contributed to far higher shipping losses on voyages outward to Asia than homeward. The East India Company did little itself to rectify this situation because the ships they used were hired from private owners, but some specialists within the Company did take it upon themselves to improve some navigational aids and shipbuilding techniques, although with little overall effect upon the rate of shipping losses. This meant that the East India Company was plagued by shipping losses throughout the period, and this had a very negative effect upon its commercial affairs and profitability.
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Timoshek, E. S., and T. E. Malikova. "SYNTHESIS OF THE FLEET MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SMALL SHIPPING COMPANY." System analysis and logistics 4, no. 30 (December 22, 2021): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/2077-5687-2021-4-33-41.
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Within the framework of the methodological support being developed for the planning and management of the fleet of a small shipping company, the task of synthesizing a management system has been solved. The structure and parameters of the system are determined based on the specified requirements for the conditions of its operation, as well as ways to ensure the goals of the functioning of the fleet management system of a small shipping company. The concept of a small, medium or large shipping company is defined by the number of vessels under operational management. It is noted that due to the variability of the economic situation in the transportation market in modern market conditions, permanent "rigid" connections between the elements of the transport system are not formed and the problem of coordinating the work of these elements exists only at the level of operational planning and regulation for small shipping companies. Therefore, it is necessary and sufficient to limit the system under study to the framework of flight planning. The fleet management system at this level in trump shipping traditionally consists of two consecutive subprocesses: the formation of vessel traffic patterns and the assignment of specific vessels to these schemes. The main result of the study is that a new management system structure was formed on the basis of a system analysis of processes in the conditions of working with a small fleet and identified addition-al tasks and requirements for the system. Distinctive features of the new structure from the prototype: the process of arranging transport vessels has been replaced by the process of determining the optimal composition of the leased fleet; two auxiliary subprocesses have been added to manage additional operations if necessary to unload cargo on an unequipped shore.
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Affandi, Fahrul Dwi, and Sabar Rudiarto. "Rancang Bangun Aplikasi CRM Fleet Management System dengan Algoritma Searching Sequential." Jurnal Ilmiah FIFO 10, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/fifo.2018.v10i2.007.
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Shipping company is companies that provide services in collection, management, warehousing and delivery of goods or commonly called forwarding agents. Shipping goods is the process of moving goods from one place to another. One of the tools used by the shipping company is transportation. Wich is the reason why people or companies need shipping service is a means of transpotation that supports people or companies themselves is very limited. Therefore, the services of other parties are needed to help deliver goods. Because this delivery service requires a lot of drivers, the shipping company needs driver data storage media that is owned while searching for a driver who is delivering and not so that the shipment of goods is in accordance with the given schedule and able to be on time. There areseveral algorithms that can be used, one of which is sequential search, which is a basic and easy algorithm for searching where the process looks for data in a 1-dimensional array that will be traced in all elements of the array element to the end and the data sought does not need to be sorted first fist. In this research, the data search system uses the sewuential search method to be able to recommend the driver and fleet available for delivery.
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Song, Xin Gang, Ai Jun Ma, Qiang Ma, and Yi Bin Zhang. "The Design of Remote Fault Diagnosis System in Engine Room." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 1971–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1971.
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To improve the level of ship monitoring, ease the engineer’s working strength, improve the level of the shipping company regulation, the remote fault diagnosis system of ship’s engine room is designed with the comprehensive utilization of neural network, SQL Sever database, C/S structure, the Inmarsat system, etc. The system includes the data acquisition, data storage, the display and control of interface and wireless transmission. The results of application show that the system is stable, easy to use, modification with low cost, helpful for engineer knowing the state of engine room, convenient for unified supervision of the shipping company, improves the work efficiency, safeguards the shipping service.
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Kornoukhova, Gadilya, and Marina Moseykina. "Commercial activity of the Russian shipping company “Caucasus and Mercury” in Persia in the context of public-private partnership in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, no. 04-1 (April 1, 2021): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202104statyi07.
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The article analyzes the activities of the joint-stock shipping company «Caucasus and Mercury» in the Persian market, reveals its place in trade and economic operations in the Caspian region as a whole. The authors aim to find out the degree of effectiveness of public-private cooperation in the development of a separate transport company, «Caucasus and Mercury», as well as the nature of the impact of this partnership on the development of commercial shipping in the Caspian Sea. The authors analyzed the processes that took place in Russian government and private business circles in the field of merchant shipping in the Caspian Sea.
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Prihandoko, ST, MM, Danang, Elvina Elvina, and Dedy Hartono. "ANALISIS EFISIENSI BIAYA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE TRANSPORTASI PADA PENDISTRIBUSIAN BARANG PT. XYZ." Banking & Management Review 10, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 1345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52250/bmr.v10i1.375.
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This research purpose is to streamline the cost of PT. XYZ goods shipping. The company will know the cost efficiency between using the third party transportation services or their own transportation. This reseacrh method is descriptive, the required data is obtained by conducting a survey at this company. Analysis data in this research are using Transportation Method. To get the optimal shipping cost, company had using transportation services by using Transportation Method with North West Corner (NWC), Least Cost, and Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM) approaches. And result of this research is indicate that the method of company using on their own transportation is not optimal, and the company can streamline the cost if using third party transportation services rather than using their own transportation to the destination area. To get the optimal cost, company ought to use Transportation Method.
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Sarrabezoles, Aurélie, Frédéric Lasserre, and Zebret Hagouagn’rin. "Arctic shipping insurance: towards a harmonisation of practices and costs?" Polar Record 52, no. 4 (August 14, 2014): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247414000552.
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ABSTRACTInsurance is an important component of shipping costs, albeit minor when compared to capital, crew or fuel. If the literature of Arctic shipping agrees that insurance premiums are likely to be higher for Arctic shipping, no study so far has tried to assess the cost of Arctic shipping insurance premiums, nor what specific demands insurance firms might formulate before agreeing to give coverage to a shipping company, thus presenting obstacles to entry in the Arctic shipping market. We first present insurance policies and costs as they are discussed in the literature on Arctic shipping. We also sketch out how their risk-assessment process was influenced by the IMO (International Maritime Organization) and classification societies. Then we outline the results of a survey conducted between 2012 and 2013 with insurance firms on their Arctic shipping policies.
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Cahyono, Heri, and I. Nyoman Pujawan. "Analysis of Empty Containers Supplies in the Shipping Network: Case Study at National Shipping Company." IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series, no. 5 (December 25, 2019): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j23546026.y2019i5.6390.
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Melnyk, Oleksiy, and Mykola Malaksiano. "Effectiveness Assessment of Non-Specialized Vessel Acquisition and Operation Projects, Considering Their Suitability for Oversized Cargo Transportation." Transactions on Maritime Science 9, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7225/toms.v09.n01.002.
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At present, shipowners have to take active measures to improve the efficiency of their fleet to remain competitive on the freight market. In this respect, the development of a shipping company’s fleet is immensely important due to the ability of such vessels to operate with maximum efficiency and flexibility when the structure of cargo flow is heterogeneous. At the same time, fuel expenses account for a considerable part of shipping company expenses. Fuel consumption greatly depends on ship speed. Therefore, the efficiency of maritime shipping can be greatly increased by choosing optimal speed. The purpose of this research is to develop a methodology for justifying the selection of shipping company fleet expansion projects based on cargo flow structure characteristics, considering the possibility of slow steaming ship operation. Net Present Value and Profitability Index were taken into account to compare the efficiency of acquisition and operation projects pertaining to ships with significantly different deadweight and market values.
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김형근. "The Effects of Logistics Costing System on Shipping Company." Ocean Policy Research 23, no. 1 (June 2008): 237–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35372/kmiopr.2008.23.1.009.
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Miller, Michael. "Book Review: Odfjell: The History of a Shipping Company." International Journal of Maritime History 19, no. 1 (June 2007): 382–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387140701900141.
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Shin, Sung-Ho, Paul Tae-Woo Lee, and Sung-Woo Lee. "Lessons from bankruptcy of Hanjin Shipping Company in chartering." Maritime Policy & Management 46, no. 2 (November 13, 2018): 136–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2018.1543909.
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SIN, Ho-Sig, and Kyoung-Hoon CHOI. "Trend Analysis of Stress for Cadets in Shipping Company." JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION 32, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.13000/jfmse.2020.6.32.3.701.
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Wagner, Natalia. "Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in a Shipping Company." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego Problemy Transportu i Logistyki 36 (2016): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ptl.2016.36-12.
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Muttaqin, Shahro, and Christiono Utomo. "Probability Scale of Vessel Risks on a Shipping Company." IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series, no. 1 (November 17, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j23546026.y2020i1.7991.
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Каминский, В. Ю., Д. А. Скороходов, and С. Н. Турусов. "Evaluating the effectiveness of a shipping company environmental protection." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII), no. 3(53) (August 27, 2021): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2021.53.3.019.
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В статье сформирована структура показателей оценки безопасности для транспортных средств морского и внутреннего водного транспорта. Каждый компонент структуры включает от двух до пяти составляющих. Обоснованы группы оценочных критериев: функциональные, экономические, социальные, экологические и информационные. Установлено, что в качестве основных критериев безопасности водных транспортных средств целесообразно рассматривать значения концентраций опасных веществ (экологическая безопасность), уровень шума на судах (экологическая безопасность), уровень аварийности и травматизма на судне (функциональная безопасность), уровень ущерба от аварий и инцидентов на судне (функциональная безопасность) и уровень риска, как интегральный критерий безопасности. Показаны причины возникновения технических аварийных ситуаций, которые связаны с недостатками в организации работы судовых экипажей, с низкой квалификацией личного состава, с ошибочными действиями береговых служб управления, технического обслуживания и судоремонта. Утверждается, что для получения количественных показателей безопасности водной транспортной системы необходимо разработать модели безопасности для её элементов с учетом разнообразных ситуаций и определить вероятностные характеристики частных событий (аварий и инцидентов), входящих в модели безопасности. The structure of safety assessment indicators for sea and inland water transport vehicles is formed in the article. Each component of the structure includes from two to five components. The groups of evaluation criteria are justified: functional, economic, social, environmental and informational. It is established that as the main criteria for the safety of water vehicles, it is advisable to consider the values of concentrations of hazardous substances (environmental safety), the noise level on ships (environmental safety), the level of accidents and injuries on the ship (functional safety), the level of damage from accidents and incidents on the ship (functional safety) and the level of risk as an integral safety criterion. The reasons for the occurrence of technical emergencies are shown, which are associated with shortcomings in the organization of the work of ship crews, low qualification of personnel, with erroneous actions of the coastal management services, maintenance and ship repair. It is argued that in order to obtain quantitative indicators of the safety of a water transport system, it is necessary to develop safety models for its elements taking into account various situations and to determine the probabilistic characteristics of particular events (accidents and incidents) included in the safety models.
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Wang, Bin, and Tao Yang. "An Integer Programming Optimization Model of Container Shipping of Sea-Carriage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 2678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.2678.
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The paper dose research about the optimization of container shipping of sea –carriage for meeting the goods transport requirement by use of integer programming. Both laden and empty containers are combined into a system. In particular, the effect of special laden container shipping capacity on the shipping plan is investigated. In the model, the objective function is to maximize the total profit of container shipping. The profit caused by laden container shipping minus the cost caused by both laden and empty container shipping equal to the total profit. The constraints to the model include meeting the need of both laden and empty containers, shipping limit to both common and special laden containers , the number of empty container supported. Lingo9.0 is used to solve the model and shipping methods in varied parameters are shown by simulation. The aim of the paper is to provide a reasonable plan of container shipping of sea-carriage, so the container shipping cost of a shipping company can be reduced and the its profit made by container shipping are maximized.
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Christodoulou, Anastasia, Zeeshan Raza, and Johan Woxenius. "The Integration of RoRo Shipping in Sustainable Intermodal Transport Chains: The Case of a North European RoRo Service." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 24, 2019): 2422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082422.
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Roll on–roll off (RoRo) shipping represents a maritime segment that could easily form part of an intermodal transport system, as cargo does not need to be lifted in ports; it is ‘rolled’ to and from sea. This paper investigates the operation of RoRo shipping services in Northern Europe, focusing on a set of services chartered by a major shipper whose demand has a great impact on the service design, potentially affecting the frequency of departures and even stipulating the use of specific vessels. The case of cooperation between Stora Enso, a major forest company in Sweden and Finland, and the shipping company Swedish Orient Line (SOL) is analysed, giving some insight into the way these RoRo services operate and manage to integrate successfully into sustainable intermodal transport chains. Despite various initiatives taken by different stakeholders, the level of integration of shipping in intermodal transport chains has been quite slow. This paper’s results could contribute to the identification of barriers that prevent RoRo shipping from being a viable alternative to road transport for certain transport routes and assist in the discovery of policies and incentives that could lead to developing sustainable intermodal transport chains.
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Olukoju, Ayodeji. "Elder Dempster and the Shipping Trade of Nigeria during the First World War." Journal of African History 33, no. 2 (July 1992): 255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700032230.
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Shipping, a vital element of maritime trade, has not hitherto received adequate attention in studies on Nigerian colonial economic history. This article therefore fills a gap in the literature by studying aspects of the shipping trade during the First World War, when shipping was indispensable for maintaining economic links between Britain and her colonies. Shipping in Nigeria revolved around the practices of the Elder Dempster Shipping Company, which enjoyed an undisputed monopoly of the trade throughout the war, and the reactions of the colonial government and private shippers to them.Scarcity of tonnage and higher freights were the chief features of shipping during the war. The allocation of shipping space, however, ranged the colonial government, the shipping company and the Combine (that is, big European) firms against non-Combine shippers. While Elder Dempster's allocation formula suited the government and the Combine firms, it was considered inequitable by other shippers. This arrangement reflected the community of interests between the colonial state and Big Business vis-à-vis smaller traders.The interests of the government and Elder Dempster were, however, incompatible on the question of ocean freights. Thus, high freights which boosted the firm's turnover were detrimental to the economic interests of the colonial state. The company's monopoly and the non-intervention of the Imperial government enabled it to have its way. Consequently, despite losses at sea, requisition by the Imperial government and rising running costs, Elder Dempster conducted a profitable business during the war. In achieving this, it also served the Imperial interest by effectively linking Nigeria with the metropolis.On the whole, wartime shipping conditions, particularly Elder Dempster's practical monopoly, were a departure from pre-war trends. There was a gradual return to normality in the early 1920s but the firm remained pre-eminent in the West African shipping trade.
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Sjögren, Hans, Thomas Taro Lennerfors, and René Taudal Poulsen. "The Transformation of Swedish Shipping, 1970–2010." Business History Review 86, no. 3 (2012): 417–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680512000761.
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Since the early 1970s, as shipping has undergone a period of structural change, Swedish shipping has rapidly declined from a position of global importance. The Swedish-controlled fleet has dwindled, and the structure of the industry itself has changed. This article explores the influence of shipping markets, shipping regulations, company strategies, maritime know-how, and financial resources on the development of Swedish shipping from 1970 to 2010. A comparison is made between, on the one hand, the direction taken by two failing companies and, on the other, the courses followed by two companies that managed to grow despite difficult conditions. On a broader level, the article traces the development of expertise in a declining industry.
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Poddubnaya, N. N. "MODEL OF THE BALANCED INDICATORS SYSTEM OF THE PROJECT-ORIENTED SHIPPING COMPANY." Transport development, no. 2(3) (October 31, 2018): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33082/td.2018.2-3.02.
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The possibility of using a balanced scorecard (BSS) system for assessing the activity of a project-oriented shipping company was explored. The structure of the BSS, which consists of three subsystems, is proposed: the main type of activity, the project activity, the related activity. Each subsystem is formed by a set of indicators, which describe the data of the subsystem. «Main type of activity» and «Project type of activity» are considered in the following directions: the personnel section, the organizational section, the production section, the marketing section and the financial section. «Project activity» consists of the essence of the project, resources, risks, the efficiency, the quality.
It was offered to consider the project-oriented shipping company as a system in the dynamics of its development.
Proceeding from this, a model of cause-effect relationships between the subsystems of the balanced scorecard system was developed, considering the development objectives of the shipping company at each stage of its life cycle. Five stages are distinguished: birth, becoming, maturity, aging, rebirth or extinction.
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Wang, Bin, and Tao Yang. "A Stochastic Programming Optimization Model of Container Shipping of Sea-Carriage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 2715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.2715.
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The paper dose research about the optimization of container shipping of sea carriage for meeting the goods transport requirement by use of stochastic programming. Both laden and empty containers are combined into a system. In particular, the effect of special laden container shipping capacity on the shipping plan is investigated. In the model, the objective function is to maximize the total profit of container shipping. The profit caused by laden container shipping minus the cost caused by both laden and empty container shipping equal to the total profit. The constraints to the model include meeting the need of both laden and empty containers, shipping limit to both common and special laden containers, the number of empty container supported. The number of empty containers is stochastic and the model is transmitted to an integer programming. Lingo9.0 is used to solve the model and shipping methods in varied parameters are shown by simulation. The aim of the paper is to provide a reasonable plan of container shipping of sea-carriage, so the container shipping cost of a shipping company can be reduced and the its profit made by container shipping are maximized.
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Rubhasy, Albaar, and Dewi Murti Milasari. "Audit Tingkat Kematangan Proses Internal Key Logistics System Menggunakan Kerangka Kerja Cobit 4.1 Pada Perusahaan Ekspedisi XYZ." PETIR 13, no. 1 (March 21, 2020): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/petir.v13i1.891.
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of IT maturity that occur in XYZ Shipping Company using COBIT 4.1 framework as a best practice in information technology audit. The company is highly depend on Key Logistics System as a core system in shipping process. For this reason, the company wants to focus on internal processes by increasing efficiency while minimizing costs, so COBIT IT Process was chosen: PO3, AI2, AI5, AI3, AI4, AI7, PO6, DS3, DS7, DS8, DS9, PO5, and DS6. An assessment was conducted on 26 Key Logistics System users as respondents. Stages of research to be carried out include: identification of the COBIT 4.1 process; data collection; measurement of current and target maturity levels; gap analysis; and preparation of recommendations. Result has shown that the average maturity score of the Key Logistics System is 3,50 or in maturity level 4 (managed). At this level the key logistics system process has been carried out and part of it has been standardized. However, results shows that there are some gaps below the target, such as IT Process PO5, AI2, and AI5 which have maturity level 3 (defined). In order to improve the maturity level, XYZ Shipping Company has to optimize the IT investement, application maintenance, and IT resources.
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Jozef, Erwind, Kavigtha Mohan Kumar, Mohammad Iranmanesh, and Behzad Foroughi. "The effect of green shipping practices on multinational companies’ loyalty in Malaysia." International Journal of Logistics Management 30, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 974–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-01-2019-0005.
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Purpose The globalization of market and production activities with unequal distribution of market demand and resources has accelerated the demand for shipping services. Public concerns about environmental issues and the impacts of shipping service providers’ green shipping practices (GSPs) on the reputation and performance of multinational companies (MNCs) motivated the authors to test the impact of shipping companies’ GSPs on MNCs’ loyalty by considering timeliness and perceived value as moderators. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected from 141 MNCs and analyzed using the partial least squares technique. Findings The results show that company policy and procedure, shipping documentation, shipping equipment and shipping materials have significant effects on MNCs’ loyalty. Furthermore, timeliness positively moderates the impacts of shipping materials and shipping design on compliance, while perceived value positively moderates the effects of shipping equipment and shipping design for compliance on MNCs’ loyalty. Practical implications The results provide insight for shipping service providers on GSPs that may lead to MNCs’ loyalty by considering the roles of lead time and freight rate. Originality/value The results extend the literature by testing empirically the impacts of GSP of shipping companies on MNCs’ loyalty and also by investigating the moderating impacts of perceived value and timeliness.
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BECKER, BERT. "The Haiphong Shipping Boycotts of 1907 and 1909–10: Business interactions in the Haiphong-Hong Kong rice shipping trade." Modern Asian Studies 54, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 930–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x19000027.
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AbstractThe main focus of this article is the Haiphong shipping boycotts of 1907 and 1909–10, which were conflicts over freight rates on rice which arose between several Chinese rice hongs in Haiphong (Hải Phòng), the main port in northeastern French Indochina, and three European tramp shipping companies. When these companies set up a joint agreement in 1907 unilaterally increasing the freight rates for shipping rice to Hong Kong, the affected merchants felt unfairly treated and boycotted the companies’ ships. Furthermore, in 1909, they formed a rival charter syndicate and set up a steamship company chartering the vessels of other companies to apply additional pressure on the firms to return to the previous rate. Although the Chinese suffered direct financial losses due to their insufficient expertise in this business, they were successful in achieving a considerable decrease in the freight rate on rice, which shows that boycotting, even when costly, proved to be an effective means to push for reductions and better arrangements with shipping companies. In contrast to a similar incident in the same trade—the shipping boycott of 1895–96 when the French government intervened with the Chinese government on behalf of a French shipping company—the later boycotts did not provoke the intervention of Western powers. This case suggests that growing anti-imperialism and nationalism in China, expressed in public discourses on shipping rights recovery and in the use of economic instead of political means, had an impact on the boycotts. Economic, not imperial, power determined the outcome of this struggle.
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STAKHOV, ARSENII. "MANAGING SHIPPING EFFICIENCY IN THE SYSTEM OF ANTI-CRISIS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES." Economic innovations 23, no. 2(79) (June 20, 2021): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2021.23.2(79).165-171.
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Topicality. The topicality lies in the actual �importance increase� of the development of the fleet and ports, which in turn requires certain efforts both on the part of ports and fleets, and at the macroeconomic level. In turn, this kind of development is an indispensable criterion that creates positive consequences regarding the commercial status and efficiency of any of the shipping companies. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to develop and determine methods of achieving a stable level of functioning by activities. Merchant shipping forms two statuses of functional activity, one of which boils down to solving standard tasks of entrepreneurial efficiency, and the other one forms ensuring the stability of international economic relations together with the formation of an effect of emergence. Research results. The essence of the development of categories of management and direct management of a particular industry affects the formation of the value of capital assets of sea transport enterprises and the degree of their efficiency. The variability of the parameters of the maritime trade market predetermines the difficulty of achieving a normalized financial condition of shipping companies and commercial ports on the terms of shipping. As for anti-crisis companies, transportation management takes into account the prevention of internal and external regional problems and ensuring that there are no shortcomings, which must be accordingly minimized. All of these operations are closely related to general economic rates and transportation from the point of origin to destination. The positive side of the effect of emergence is one of the main criteria for increasing the activity of ports or a shipping company. This effect, however, is based on many different factors, including the development strategy of the next company, which, in turn, generates certain costs that the consumer must cover in order to remain the company efficient and profitable at the same time. Conclusion. The variability of the marginal market parameters predetermines the difficulty of achieving a normalized financial condition of shipping companies and commercial ports under the appropriate conditions of shipment. In turn, depending on the complexity of achieving a certain financial position of the shipping company, its final efficiency depends both on international relations connected to transportation and on the requirements of transportation, influencing the formation of the stability of international economic activity.
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Gladden, Graham P. "Post Second World War trans-Atlantic travel for business and pleasure: Cunard and its airline competitors." Journal of Transport History 41, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 160–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022526619883804.
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Over time the shipping lines grew to see the Atlantic as their own: a space they controlled in terms of the travellers’ experience. Following the end of the Second World War, UK-based Cunard (one of the largest passenger lines) sought to re-establish business very much as in the 1930s. The emergent airline industry used the language and imagery of the shipping lines to build their customer base whilst making much of the benefits of shorter crossing times for both business travellers and those on holiday. In contrast, shipping lines such as Cunard struggled to come to terms with the demise of a market based on one mode of transport. Whilst making moves to enter the airline business, the company believed that ships would retain significant market share of the trans-Atlantic market. Eventually the company declared that “people who need transport will use the air … ships are for leisure”.
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Bostina, Alina Lucia, and Aurel Bostina. "Environmental Analysis Procedure for Implementation of Environmental Management System ISO 14001 in Shipping Company." Advanced Materials Research 837 (November 2013): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.837.607.
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A lot of shipping companies took initiative to implement the Environmental Management System ISO 14001. Despite having already implemented the mandatory Safety Management System under provisions of ISM Code, this initiative complement and leverage the existing range of initiatives being implemented in the field of energy efficiency, air pollution, waste management and marine environment preservation, notably. This paper aims to present the procedure for environmental analysis that a certain shipping company chose to implement ISO 14001.
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Steba, A. A., and Yu V. Mikhailova. "IMPACT OF THE FACTORS OF THE REGIONAL MARKET MARINE PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE SHIPPING COMPANY." Transport development, no. 2(3) (October 31, 2018): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33082/td.2018.2-3.03.
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Transport is one of the most important factors influencing the level of socio-economic development. Despite the increase in volume shipping needs of the population in such traffic are not met in full. The problem turn linked to the absence or lack of understanding of the functioning of the transport system in general and the marine passenger AI component and lack of knowledge about the economic aspects of its existence.
Lack of understanding of the principles of the regional market of maritime passenger transport and uncertainty factors that market has a negative impact on the organization and the management of shipping companies.
In the article the concept of regional market of maritime passenger transport is revealed. Market factors affecting the activities of shipping companies. Done grouping on the basis of factors. The character of influence factors on various aspects of the shipping company.
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Siagian, Mauli. "LEADERSHIP RELATIONSHIP MODEL AND WORK STRESS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN CARGO DELIVERY SERVICE COMPANY IN BATAM CITY." Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi 6, no. 3 (November 7, 2018): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.31846/jae.v6i3.93.
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Cargo shipping service company is one of the companies engaged in services to meet the needs of consumers in the process of shipping goods, whether done by individuals or agencies to support various companies in completing their performance, especially goods or manufacturing companies. Whether or not the company's performance can be measured by the overall performance of employees. The higher the enthusiasm of employees in working and completing their work will further increase the potential of a company to achieve its goals. This study aims to examine the extent to which the role of leadership, and work stress is able to improve the performance of employees of Cargo Shipping Services in Batam City, using quantitative research methods with data analysis techniques with multiple linear regression analysis and the number of samples used by 224 respondents. The results of this study are; Leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Job stress has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Leadership and work stress simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of Cargo Shipping Services in Batam City.
Keywords: Leadership, work stress, employee performance