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Journal articles on the topic 'Shipping, great britain'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

Ahmadi, Farajollah. "Communication and the Consolidation of the British Position in the Persian Gulf, 1860s–1914." Journal of Persianate Studies 10, no. 1 (2017): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18747167-12341308.

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The scale of Britain’s industrial expansion during the nineteenth century was vast and extraordinary. On the sea, Britain dominated the industrialized world both in tonnage and distance and established the largest shipping lines in the world. With the rapid increase in international trade, Britain led the world in the development of submarine telegraph cable and steamships. Although from the early decades of nineteenth century, Britain was expanding its ascendancy in the Persian Gulf, from 1860s onward, technological developments, mainly telegraph and steamship, led to a significant change in

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2

Marshall, P. J. "Presidential Address: Britain and the World in the Eighteenth Century: I, Reshaping the Empire." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 8 (December 1998): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679286.

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By the end of the eighteenth century Britain was a world power on a scale that none of her European rivals could match. Not only did she rule a great empire, but the reach of expeditionary forces from either Britain itself or from British India stretched from the River Plate to the Moluccas in eastern Indonesia. Britain's overseas trade had developed a strongly global orientation: she was die leading distributor of tropical produce diroughout die world and in the last years of the century about four-fifths of her exports were going outside Europe. Britain was at die centre of inter-continental

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Kaplan, Herbert H. "Observations on the Value of Russia's Overseas Commerce with Great Britain during the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century." Slavic Review 45, no. 1 (1986): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2497923.

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In a previous publication I demonstrated the enormous value of Russia's overseas commodity exports to Great Britain's industrial development during the second half of the eighteenth century. Yet when value is determined only by sheer volume of commodities, the determination, even when supported by impressive shipping data, might not be as convincing as a determination of value based on other factors, for example, on money value.Scholars continue to argue over specific aspects of Anglo-Russian trade, over the accuracy of British commercial records, and over the degree of British involvement in

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4

MacMaster, Richard Kerwin. "Backcountry Wheat, Global Markets, and the Rise of Baltimore, 1765–1775." Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies 92, no. 1 (2025): 59–99. https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.92.1.0059.

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ABSTRACT Wheat, mostly as flour, was Pennsylvania’s major overseas export in the eighteenth century. It mainly went to the West Indies. Poor harvests in Great Britain, Ireland, and Europe in the 1760s created a surge in demand for American wheat and flour. Baltimore merchants seized the opportunity. With better links by road to the Pennsylvania and Maryland backcountry, Baltimore emerged as a major grain shipping port. While shipments from Philadelphia and Baltimore to southern Europe were much larger, the Irish market was important for Baltimore. Philadelphia and Baltimore merchants worked in

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Konovalov, I. B., M. Beekmann, J. P. Burrows, and A. Richter. "Satellite measurement based estimates of decadal changes in European nitrogen oxides emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 1 (2008): 2013–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-2013-2008.

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Abstract. Long-term satellite measurements of nitrogen dioxide in the troposphere are used in combination with a continental scale air quality model in order to verify and improve available estimates of multi-annual changes of emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in Europe and the Mediterranean area between 1996 and 2005. As a result, a measurement-based data set of NOx emissions on a 1° by 1° grid and averaged over summer months is elaborated. The results are compared with emission data based on the EMEP emission inventory. Our data are in agreement with the EMEP estimates suggesting a general

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Konovalov, I. B., M. Beekmann, J. P. Burrows, and A. Richter. "Satellite measurement based estimates of decadal changes in European nitrogen oxides emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 10 (2008): 2623–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2623-2008.

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Abstract. Long-term satellite measurements of nitrogen dioxide in the troposphere are used in combination with a continental scale air quality model in order to verify and improve available estimates of multi-annual changes of emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in Europe and the Mediterranean area between 1996 and 2005. As a result, a measurement-based data set of NOx emissions on a 1° by 1° grid and averaged over summer months is elaborated. The results are compared with emission data based on the EMEP emission inventory. Our data are in agreement with the EMEP estimates suggesting a general

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7

Medaglia, Salvatore, Francesco Megna, and Luca De Rosa. "Early Observations on the Steamer Bengala (Formerly Named Mecca and Livorno) Sunk off Capo Rizzuto (Crotone, Italy) in 1889." Heritage 3, no. 3 (2020): 891–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage3030049.

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In the waters of the Calabrian Ionian Sea, off Isola di Capo Rizzuto (Crotone, Italy) and at a depth of 26–29 m, lies the wreck of Bengala, an iron screw-steamer foundered in 1889. She was built and launched in 1871 in Sunderland (Great Britain) in the yards of Iliff, Mounsey, and Co. (Sunderland), with the name of Mecca and her British owner was Mr. Ralph Milbanke Hudson Junior. In 1872 she was sold to the Lloyd Italiano company and was rechristened as Livorno. In 1876 her ownership changed once more and she became part of the fleet of the Genoese shipping company Rubattino and Co. with the n

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8

García Cabrera, Marta. "El control de la opinión pública canaria durante la Gran Guerra (1914-1918): propaganda y diplomacia extranjera." Vegueta. Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia 22, no. 1 (2022): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51349/veg.2022.1.10.

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La posición estratégica de Canarias convirtió al archipiélago en un enclave destacado de la Primera Guerra Mundial. La guerra trastocó el panorama comunicativo insular y movilizó un amplio debate sociocultural en el que también participaron los organismos diplomáticos y propagandísticos internacionales, las compañías navieras y las colonias extranjeras. Este artículo analiza los esfuerzos desplegados por las potencias extranjeras para dirigir a la opinión pública canaria entre 1914 y 1918, describiendo las maquinarias propagandísticas de Francia, Alemania y Gran Bretaña, así como los instrumen

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9

Wan, Yuenwah. "The Historical Transformation of Europe from the 16th to the 20th Century." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 47 (February 19, 2025): 83–87. https://doi.org/10.54097/96pfnk27.

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Since the beginning of the Great Age of Navigation in the 16th century, Europe has greatly promoted the course of history. As Columbus discovered the New World, new agricultural products made Europe more able to expand its empire. For example, potatoes, which were easy to grow, easy to preserve, and easy to carry, allowed European armies to expand more widely. The opening of new shipping routes increased the cultural exchanges in the world and also opened the prelude to vigorous geographical discovery. Since the Industrial Revolution in Britain, the world has been completely changed, and civil

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10

Hendrix, Melvin K. "Africana Resources in the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, England." History in Africa 14 (1987): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171852.

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Beginning in the latter part of the sixteenth century British naval and shipping interests gradually emerged as one of the major maritime forces operating in African waters and, by the end of the eighteenth century, British shipping dominated the export slave trade. The establishment of colonial plantation economies in the Americas, the global expansion of British political and commercial interests resulting from the Napoleonic Wars, and the anti-slave trade suppression campaign in the first three-quarters of the nineteenth century all brought British seafarers into intimate association with A

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11

Gavrilov, Vladimir, Ruslan Ushakov, Laura Khamkhoeva, Nikolay Kumalagov, and Inna Littih. "Comparative legal study defining the bill of lading significance in maritime transport of goods." E3S Web of Conferences 376 (2023): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337604009.

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The given research paper studies the regulatory normative acts of the Russian Federation and foreign states related to the legal meaning of the bill of lading applying the following scientific methods: dialectical method, the comparative legal and historical ones, systematic, formal legal method and special legal interpretation approach. Particular attention is paid to the legal documents of the United States of America and Great Britain as the legal acts of these countries have had the greatest impact on all foreign legislation related to the carriage of goods by sea in general, and the bill

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12

Sharonova, Viktoriya. "The role of the Russian Imperial Consulate in Nyuzhuang (Yingkou) in expanding trade and economic ties between Russia and China from 1906 to 1909." Problemy dalnego vostoka, no. 1 (2023): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013128120024371-9.

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The article describes the activities of the Imperial Consulate of Russia in Niuzhuang (Yingkou) during the period from 1906 till 1909. One of the priorities of the work of Russian diplomats at that time was the restoration of Russian-Chinese trade and economic relations as the part of the social and cultural policy in South Manchuria. A young diplomat, consul Andrey Terentyevich Belchenko, played a special role in expanding the commercial contacts between Russian and Chinese players. Thanks to the assistance of the Imperial Consulate, the problems associated with the local branch of the Russia

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13

Viktor, Osipov, Zilina Liliya, and Astafurova Irina. "Foreign practicesof state support of shipbuilding industry." Bulletin of the Far Eastern Federal University. Economics and Management, no. 1 (77) (April 3, 2016): 77–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.54930.

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The article is devoted to the government role to support the shipbuilding industry development. The measures of administrative and economic regulations have been considered. The main tendencies of the regulations in some Asian countries have been identified according to their economic development objectives. All maritime countries have systems for the national shipbuilding and shipping state regulation. The governments provide tax and customs privileges to national carriers, particularly in the national ship construction. Great Britain and France governments provide benefits for shipbuilders.

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14

Hamlin, David. "“The World Will Have a New Face”: Germans and the Post-World War I Global Economic Order." Central European History 52, no. 02 (2019): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000893891900013x.

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AbstractWorld War I reshaped the international economy. This was, in part, the consequence of British mobilization of resources for its own war effort, which aligned producer interests around the world with those of the United Kingdom. But it was also a consequence of Western policy aimed at excluding German businessmen from global markets. German planners noted during World War I that Great Britain, in particular, was expressing an interest in continuing such exclusion after the war, with potentially enormous economic consequences for Germany. Combatting or preventing such an economic “war af

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15

Zhaloba, Ihor. "GREEK SHIPPING ON THE BLACK AND AZOV SEAS AT THE TURN OF THE 40s - 50s OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE AUSTRIAN CONSULAR REPORTS AND THE AUSTRIAN PRESS)." Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no. 33 (October 28, 2024): 126–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2024.33.126.

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The article aims to examine the participation of the Greek merchant fleet in the navigation of the Black and Azov Seas in the mid-nineteenth century on the basis of a complex of Austrian sources that has been little studied in Ukrainian historiography. The latter included published reports from Austrian consular offices in Odesa, Berdiansk, Mariupol, Trebizond, and Galați. Materials from the Austrian press of the time are also used, primarily from the Austrian Ministry of Commerce's “Austria” newspaper, which was published as a daily newspaper from 1849 to 1856 and as a weekly from 1856. Durin

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16

Majka, Christopher, Jan Klimaszewski, and Randolph Lauff. "The coastal rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of Atlantic Canada: a survey and new records." ZooKeys 2, no. 2 (2008): 115–50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.2.2.

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The coastline inhabiting rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of Atlantic Canada are surveyed. Thirty-three species have now been recorded in Atlantic Canada including 26 in New Brunswick, 15 in Newfoundland, 31 in Nova Scotia, and 13 on Prince Edward Island. Oligota parva Kraatz, Acrotona avia (Casey), Strigota ambigua (Erichson), and Myrmecopora vaga (LeConte), are all newly recorded in Canada, and Bledius mandibularis Erichson is newly recorded in Atlantic Canada. We retain A. avia as a species distinct from A. subpygmaea Bernhauer and designate a lectotype and paralectotypes for A. avi

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17

Stepanov, Ievgenii N., and Abel Abraham Faith. "ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN PHRASEOLOGISMS OF WATER TRANSPORT DISCOURSE IN SOCIOLINGUISTIC COMPARISON." Мова, no. 39 (September 5, 2023): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2307-4558.2023.39.284914.

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The purpose of this research is to identify phraseological units of water transport discourse in English and Russian and to compare the sociolinguistic component of these groups of language units. The object of study is phraseological units that have lexemes in their composition, which are the names of water transport infrastructure (sea and river), as well as their parts, details, equipment, functions, people involved in the operation of water transport. The subject of the research is the common and different reasons for the emergence of English and Russian water transport idioms and the pecu

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18

Heras, Raul García. "Hostage Private Companies Under Restraint: British Railways and Transport Coordination in Argentina During the 1930s." Journal of Latin American Studies 19, no. 1 (1987): 41–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00017132.

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By 1930 there were £435.1 million of British capital invested in Argentina, 62.3% of which was located in railway companies whose securities duly yielded reasonable annual profits. However, the onset of the Great Depression and the successful 1930 revolution brought this state of affairs to a standstill. Moreover, both events inaugurated years of growing difficulties for the British-owned railways and the British government, for whom these public utilities gradually turned into economic hostages and a potential source of conflict in Anglo-Argentine relations. On the one hand, the railways were

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19

Schmucki, Barbara, Terry Gourvish, Thomas Zeller, et al. "Book Reviews: Transport in Britain, 1750–2000: From Canal Lock to Gridlock, the Second Railway King: The Life and Times of Sir Edward Watkin, 1819–1901, the Most Valuable Asset of the Reich: A History of the German National Railway, Volume 2, 1933–1945, Distant Ties: Germany, the Ottoman Empire, and the Construction of the Baghdad Railway, Autopia: Cars and Culture, Coastal Shipping and the European Economy, 1750–1980, the Landscape Trilogy: The Autobiography of L. T. C. Rolt, with an Introduction by Sonia Rolt, a River and its City: The Nature of Landscape in New Orleans, Transport Economics, the Weymouth Harbour Tramway in the Steam Era, Great Western Lines and Landscapes, Recasting American Liberty: Gender, Race, Law, and the Railroad Revolution, 1865–1920, Rocket Dreams: How the Space Age Shaped Our Vision of a World Beyond." Journal of Transport History 24, no. 2 (2003): 276–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/tjth.24.2.11.

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20

Kaukiainen, Yrjö. "Hanseatic twilight? Lübeck’s shipping networks in the latter half of the eighteenth century." International Journal of Maritime History, June 30, 2022, 084387142211100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08438714221110077.

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From the late sixteenth century, shipping in the Baltic Sea region experienced profound changes. The rising maritime powers – the Dutch Republic and Great Britain – penetrated the area and the old Hanseatic masters seem to have been relegated to a passive role. These changes are illuminated in the Sound Toll Registers but, in contrast, Baltic archival sources are so fragmentary and imperfect that it is not known how much traditional Baltic shipping was affected. Fortunately, there are printed sources – newspapers that also published shipping news. One such newspaper was the Lübeckische Anzeige

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21

Nasiali, Minayo. "A working alias: African seafarers and fungible identities across European empires in the early twentieth century." International Journal of Maritime History, October 16, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08438714231204467.

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During the first half of the twentieth century, the labour of sailors from colonial Africa was essential to the European shipping industry. These seafarers laboured mostly as firemen and coal trimmers (in French, they were called chauffeurs and soutiers), shovelling coal and stoking fires in the engine rooms of the steamships that transported the world's people and goods. To secure this work, African sailors sometimes adopted aliases. They commodified their names and identities as part of an alternative, extralegal economy that also benefitted the broader ‘legitimate’ shipping industry. Their

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Kaukiainen, Yrjö. "At the far end of oceanic seaways: St. Petersburg shipping in the eighteenth century." International Journal of Maritime History, September 1, 2021, 084387142110376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08438714211037695.

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Since the late sixteenth century, parallel with the growth of West-European ocean shipping, seaborne connections between the North and Baltic seas increased constantly. The rising maritime powers, the Dutch Republic and Great Britain, carried to the Baltic colonial and manufacturing produce in exchange for grain and raw materials, thus connecting the area with their oceanic trades. These commodity flows are amply illuminated by the Sound Toll records. In contrast, evidence of intra-Baltic shipping is fragmentary and imperfect, with many gaps. Such an imbalance of sources implies a drawback: we

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23

Kert, Faye M. "‘True, Publick and Notorious’: The Privateering War of 1812." London Journal of Canadian Studies 28, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ljcs.2013v28.005.

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During the War of 1812, hundreds of private armed vessels, or privateers, carrying letters of marque and reprisal from their respective governments, served as counterweights to the navies of Great Britain and the United States. By 1812, privateering was acknowledged as an ideal way to annoy the enemy at little or no cost to the government. Local citizens provided the ships, crews and prizes while the court and customs systems took in the appropriate fees. The entire process was legal, licensed and often extremely lucrative. Unlike the navy, privateers were essentially volunteer commerce raider

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24

UYGUN, Süleyman. "NAVAL OFFICER CAPTAIN MAGNAN’S ATTEMPT AT STEAM SHIP NAVIGATION MANAGEMENT ON DANUBE RIVER." ODÜ Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi (ODÜSOBİAD), September 29, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1164673.

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The attempt and competition of the Industrial Revolution to find new markets brought the Danube River and its hinterland into the world capitalist system. Danube governments such as Serbia, Wallachia, and Moldavia followed a balanced policy between Ottoman-Austria and Russia in the 18th and 19th centuries. However, following the Crimean War, the region has become an area of economic, political, and military competition between France and England. After the Crimean War, the liberalization of commercial shipping on the Danube and its branches to all nations made these waters attractive to Wester

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25

Zernetska, Olga, and Victoriia Droniv. "Fighting with “the tyranny of Distance”: History of transport in Australia." Foreign Affairs, 2021, 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46493/2663-2675-2021-3-4-4.

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Transport plays a vital role in the development of state of Australia. Transport can be compared with arteries of different industries of different types of economy. This infrastructure is especially important for Australia which has a great territory and low density of its population. That’s why the development of transport despite the remoteness of the continent from the Old World went parallel but sometimes even ahead of Europe. For the first time in Ukrainian science, an attempt has been made to investigate at the interdisciplinary level the formation of Australian state with the help of t

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26

Антоненко, С. В., М. В. Китаев, А. А. Муратов, Р. Вигнеш, and О. Э. Суров. "Stability assessment of "Zvezda" Shipbuilding Complex dry dock gate." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII, no. 3(49) (August 13, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2020.49.3.006.

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В процессе проектирования сухого дока, строящегося в г. Большой Камень, у российских специалистов возникли расхождения с проектантами из КНР по вопросам обеспечения остойчивости батопорта и его балластировки. По мнению российской стороны, требование китайских норм к метацентрической высоте (не менее 1,0 м) является чрезмерно завышенным. Кроме того, представлялось желательным использовать постоянный жидкий балласт вместо твёрдого. К решению возникших вопросов были привлечены представители ДВФУ. В работе рассмотрены результаты оценки остойчивости батопорта при использовании твёрдого и жидкого по

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27

Smith, Jenny Leigh. "Tushonka: Cultivating Soviet Postwar Taste." M/C Journal 13, no. 5 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.299.

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During World War II, the Soviet Union’s food supply was in a state of crisis. Hitler’s army had occupied the agricultural heartlands of Ukraine and Southern Russia in 1941 and, as a result, agricultural production for the entire nation had plummeted. Soldiers in Red Army, who easily ate the best rations in the country, subsisted on a daily allowance of just under a kilogram of bread, supplemented with meat, tea, sugar and butter when and if these items were available. The hunger of the Red Army and its effect on the morale and strength of Europe’s eastern warfront were causes for concern for t

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