Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Shipping policies of Taiwan'

碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>科技管理學程碩士在職專班<br>107<br>Before 2008, the bulk shipping industry was in a good position. The cargo capacity was in short supply. The airlines successively ordered new ships, and the Baltic Dry Index (BDI) reached a record high of 11,793 points on May 20, 2008，After 2008, shipping demand declined, but the new ships were delivered in the next few years. The supply market was oversupplied, and the freight rate plummeted. In 2016, the Baltic Sea Index fell to 290 points, a drop of more than 97%. From 2015 to 2016, there was a loss for most of the airliners. The airlines were in a downturn to accelerate the dismantling of old ships and tightening the supply of new ships. In 2017, the shipping industry bottomed out and the BDI index stood above 1,000 points. Many airliners also began to turn a profit in 2017, driving the stock price to rebound. This study will address the demand side of the bulk shipping industry: global economic sentiment, international trade conditions and trade wars. The supply side will be based on new ship orders, ship tonnage, second-hand ship market, etc., and five bulk shipping companies from Taiwan. Analysis of financial statements of companies such as U-Ming Marine Transport co., Sincere Navigation Co., Taiwan Navigation Co., Ltd., Wisdom Marine Line Co., Ltd. and Shih Wei Navigation Co., Ltd. The conclusion of this study finds that the rise and fall of the bulk shipping industry is related to the global economic growth rate. The linkage with Chinas economic growth rate is higher, and the impact of rising crude oil prices will reduce the carriers remuneration. However, shipowners often pass the fuel surcharge to the shippers. The demand for raw materials will promote the demand for bulk shipping industry, and the aviation industry will face environmental protection issues. If the environmental management system and ship energy efficiency management can be formulated early, and the old and new ones will be replaced, the fleet will be light, the equipment will be new, and environmental protection and energy conservation will be beneficial. market competition.

博士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>航運管理學系<br>101<br>Due to political reasons from the past, ships registered in Taiwan and China were banned from sailing through the Taiwan Strait directly to the opposing coast, and ships registered in flag of convenience (FOC) were restricted from doing so as well. Evidently, this caused the flagging out of the Taiwanese fleet. Although the direct shipping link was established since the Cross-strait Sea Transport (CST) Agreement was signed on Nov. 4, 2008, both sides agreed only Taiwanese or Chinese ships registered in Taiwan, China, or Hong Kong may, with due approval, engage in direct cross-strait carriage of cargos and passengers. Confronted with the significant changes in the shipping environment, the aims of this study are as follow: (1)To build a hierarchical structure and analyze the key influential factors of flag selection on direct shipping across the Taiwan Strait. (2)To find out the optimal flag selection for Taiwanese shipping companies under the provisions of the CST Agreement. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method is applied to evaluate the weight of each criterion and subcriterion. The methods of Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) and Techniques for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) are conducted to evaluate the optimal flag selection. Results are shown as follow: (1)The evaluating criterion and subcriterion having the most profound effect on the registry location decision of direct shipping ships are assigned to reducing operating costs and tax-related expenses respectively. (2)Hong Kong is the optimal choice, followed by China, and Taiwan is the lowest priority with an unchangeable position in flag selection because Taiwanese national fleets mainly suffered higher operational costs and lower operational flexibility. Results support the viewpoint that direct shipping is not an incentive for shipping companies to flag back and become part of the Taiwanese national merchant fleet because ships owned by companies on either side of the Taiwan Strait, and registered in Hong Kong may similarly engage in direct cross-strait transport of cargos and passengers. Therefore, for attracting shipping companies to flag back, cross-strait direct shipping must be supplemented by supporting policies. A lower tax rate and more relaxed regulations on not only foreign but also Chinese crew are therefore recommended in revising relevant shipping policies. Furthermore, to assist shipping companies to obtain China’s approval is also helpful to inspire ships flag in and flag back. The results can serve as a good reference not only for the Taiwanese government in policy implementation, but also for Taiwanese shipping companies in selecting appropriate flags for ships undertaking direct cross-strait shipping carriage.

碩士<br>東吳大學<br>EMBA高階經營碩士在職專班<br>106<br>This research applied to Dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with the database containing 12 listed shipping companies in Taiwan from 2011 to 2016. The input variables included total assets, number of employee, and the number of vessel, the operating income set as the output variable, and the net profit after tax set as Carry over. The aim of this research is to analyze the yearly variation of shipping companies to understand the business performance of the shipping industry in Taiwan. The conclusion of this research reveals that : 1.The overall performance of efficiency values : There are three companies ranked in the first place in the overall efficiency value from 2011 to 2016. Each company’s annual efficiency value is 1. There are three companies ranked in the last three places in the overall efficiency value. The main reason is the excessive investment and they failed to reach the expected output resulting in weak business performance. 2.The overall performance of Carry over : The average achievement ratio was 67% from 2011 to 2016. The achievement ratio of efficiency companies during 2011 to 2014 was 8% higher than the 2011 to 2016 average achievement ratio, but 9% and 25% lower respectively in 2015 and 2016, showing a continuing downward trend. 3.The data reveals that there is a significant fall from the target performance in the "total assets", "number of employee", and “number of vessel", indicating that excessive investment may be an important factor of the companies’ inefficiency.

碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>商船學系所<br>96<br>Taiwan is an Island Nation. It lacks of natural resource；the export-oriented trade play a plays a very important role in its economy accordingly. Taiwan lies on the hub of shipping route in Western Pacific Ocean；furthermore, it situates between superpowers of United State People’ Republic of China, and economic monster, Japan If would affect the balance of power. This study analyzes the literature of Taiwan shipping policy；it emphasizes the system of harbor policy, nation cargo carried by its flag vessels, shipping transportation league, shipping transferring center, island-around sea transportation, and its scattering island’ transportation policy. Hopefully, this will submit an optimized shipping policy Taiwan economy. These submissions are as follows； （1） an exclusive organization for shipping to be established. （2） CPC and Taipower shipping companies to be ratified, to fulfill national cargo carried by national vessels. （3） Both sides of Taiwan straits, direct shipping transportation to be carried out thus might save money and time. （4） Capability of Kaoshiung transferring center to be enforced. （5） Harbor management to be enforced, harbor rate to be reduced （6） Subsidies of scatter island’s transportation to be continued.

碩士<br>國立高雄第一科技大學<br>運輸與倉儲營運系<br>89<br>In the past two decades,owing to the tide of containerization existed in the international marine transportation market,shipping liners have been enthusiastically engaged in capacity expansion with raising the number and the size of ship.Basically,such a capacity expansion strategy is expected to exploit the so-called economic scale and to meet the service requirements under increasingly competitive environment. Practically,the liners in Taiwan have also positively increased the fleet capacity with more ships and larger ship size.This study has focused on investigating the impacts of four local largest container liners under such an uprising ship size environment.In order to reveal the operational diversities caused by the service scale,in this research,all the four largest container liners will be divided into two research categories,liners with global service and liners with inter-Asia service.Some interesting issues have been studied in this research. They will include: 1) what are the real factors to push the local liner to enlarge their container ships size? 2) Do the motivations for the liners with offering global service have a different pattern from the liners with only providing inter-Asia service? 3) Following with the tendency on enlarging the ships size,what are the impacts on local liners performance? As to the empirical study,the structure-conduct-performance (S-C-P) framework in industry economics will be applied to explore the characteristics of international container transportation market.Furthermore,all the viewpoints derived by following the SCP theoretical framework will be set as the basis for the further empirical study with applying the econometrics skills on the collected historical data. Finally,this research has reached the following conclusions.Interestingly, to enlarge the ship size did not have a positive contribution for the local liners profit.In fact,it is not a surprising result.It is just a kind of strategy for the domestic liners to catch up with the rivals pace on uprising ship size ad avoid from losing the competitiveness.Meanwhile,the sold and leasing back strategy and oil price level did play significant roles,as I have doubted before doing this research,on profit creation for the liners.

碩士<br>國立政治大學<br>經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)<br>100<br>This study explored the competitive strategies of Taiwanese container shipping companies. I focus on the impact of the environmental pressures on these companies, and highlighted their key competitive strategies. Based on depth interviews and questionnaire with industrial senior executive experts, this study suggests that Taiwanese container shipping companies consider to reduce their risk exposure by forming strategic alliances and to avoid making excessive new vessels building and investment, in facing increasing imbalance of worldwide fleet loading capacity in container shipping industry. Global container shipping industry has developed over than 50 years and is now toward “Industry maturity period”. Competitors in such an industry should focus on lowering cost and strengthening the quality of service to secure customer loyalty. At same time, competitors in the industry should also strive for process innovation and better risk management. They should also develop the core competence and try to differentiate themselves from other competitors in order to ensure their sustainable advantages.

碩士<br>國立高雄海洋科技大學<br>海事資訊科技研究所<br>100<br>The direct shipping between two sides of the Taiwan Strait has been started since December of 2008. Detailed understanding with respect to the marine environments of the Taiwan Strait should be of help to the shipping safety in this region. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the climatological wind and wave conditions over the Taiwan Strait. The establishment of a wind-wave database can provide better safety information for the crossing-strait shipping. Analyses focus on marine environments for two shipping routes: Keelung-Fujhou and Taichung-Ximen. During the southwesterly-flow season, the averaged wind speed is 3.4-10.7 m/s, while the averaged wave height is 0.6-1.5 m. During the northeasterly-flow season, the averaged wind speed is 5.5-17.1 m/s, while the averaged wave height is 2-4 m. It appears that marine environments become worse during the northeasterly-flow season. Anayses also show that the possibility for wave wight to be lower than 4 meter is 94.5%. This value can be used as the basic wave-resistant standard for the ship. Also required is that the shipping time has to be 4 hours or less. To meet the above requirements, ships with better performance should weight 5000 tons or more, have a steel body, and sail with a speed of 30-35 knots or more.

碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>經營管理研究所<br>105<br>The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) indicates that percentage global international trade on the sea is approximately 80%. It also shows that the maritime industry plays an important role in the international trade. The percentage of trade of import and export for maritime transportation in Taiwan is approximately 99%, implying that the shipping industry is therefore important to Taiwan. This study applies the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to compute the disaggregate efficiency of 10 listing shipping companies in Taiwan during 2006-2015. Two input variables include salary and wages and operating expenses excluding salary and wages. The two output variables are operating income and total non-operating income. Years, business type, and trade volume are three environmental variables. The major findings are as follows: (1) The disaggregated input efficiencies of listing shipping companies in Taiwan are better than their disaggregated output efficiencies. (2) Container shipping companies perform well in efficiency of operating income; however, bulk shipping companies perform well in efficiency of total non-operating income. (3) Shipping companies which have established longer perform worse in efficiency of salary and wages. Besides, efficiency of operating expenses excluding salary and wages decreases with a shipping company’s trade volume.

碩士<br>大同大學<br>事業經營學系(所)<br>106<br>This paper uses the BCC Model of Data Envelopment Analysis method to evaluate operating performance of eight shipping companies listed in the Taiwan area from 2013 to 2017. These companies’ pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency were analyzed by taking the number of fixed assets and employees as inputs and net sales as outputs using the BCC Model of Data Envelopment, and then the operating efficiency across the years was further analyzed using the Malmquist Productivity Index. According to the results of the BCC Model analysis, out of the eight evaluating companies, Yang Ming Marine Transport Corp and Wan Hai Lines Ltd were the only two presented with CRS for five consecutive years, maintaining their total technical efficiency at the most efficient level. In comparison, the performance of the other companies all exhibited increasing returns to scale. Noting, although Sincere Navigation Corp had the most efficient value in 2017, the scale efficiency value was on the low side, making Sincere Navigation Corp the worst performing company. Finally, the Malmquist study revealed the productivity of all eight companies was in recession in 2014, 2015, and 2016. The change in total factor productivity in the same three-year period was lower than 1, indicating that the change in the total factor productivity of marine industry was in decline during these periods. As a whole, due to the changes in the economy, the size of the fleets, and the ability to receive orders, the performance of the companies is inconsistent. However, despite the operating performance inconsistency, there has been a general improvement in 2017. This study expects that through objective analysis, Taiwan&apos;s listed shipping companies will find a valuable information on operating performance, as well as having a reference to improve deficiencies and improve competitiveness globally in the future.

碩士<br>國立高雄第一科技大學<br>企業管理研究所<br>99<br>Technical progress is a way to enhance long-term productivity. But in the input process, if the input factors have different quantity may cause the change for the ratio of factors, that means technological change bias. In the past, mostly study on technical change bias as agriculture industry for the research object, but now Taiwan transformed to the high-tech industry. In addition, with the globalization, shipping industry also become an important industry in Taiwan. Therefore, we study shipping industry for the research object. The study is based on Binswanger（1974b）,using Translog cost function to analyze the change of factor price shares and estimate every firm’s biases. The result has showed that labor and fuel factors are irreplaceable in shipping industry, and they have different effects on different firms. In addition, the result has also found that technological progress cause fuel-saving bias in Taiwan shipping industry, means the high fuel cost will transform to other factors.

碩士<br>國立高雄大學<br>高階法律暨管理碩士在職專班(EMLBA)<br>98<br>The sand and gravel resources are basic upstream materials, which are indispensable for public infrastructure and construction engineering. In Taiwan, there are more demands for sand and gravel, and importing from foreign countries is becoming a top priority. Gravel transportation from eastern to western Taiwan and gravel importing from abroad both require gravel shipping. Owing to the direct sailing across Taiwan-strait from 2008 and the ecological deterioration caused by Typhoon Morakot in 2009, our gravel shipping firms are facing operation difficulties. Through the firms’ interviews, the analysis of Five-force model and SWOT analysis, this study detects that presently in Taiwan gravel shipping firms don’t have the same advantage as before due to the cost and products differentiation. Therefore, they need to conduct the varied possible competitive strategies, so that they could get out of predicament. The conclusion and suggestions of this study are expected to be as the reference for developing gravel shipping industry in our government and relevant agencies.

碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>航運管理學系<br>101<br>Liner shipping carriers commence to vertical integration to face the environment of excess supply of container space, severe competition, business cycle and demand of shipping. In order to be more competitive, liner shipping carriers provide logistics service and position themselves as an important role in supply chain integration. Consequently, the top 20 carriers not only provide shipping service, but also found logistics subsidiary company one after another. The purpose of this paper is to explore the determinants of joining logistics service for liner shipping carrier. According to the literature review of vertical integration, three factors of competitiveness of liner shipping company are obtained. They are reducing transaction cost, cultivating unique competitive advantages and influence from other liner shipping carrier. This paper uses the approach of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on the liner shipping carriers’ perspective in Taiwan to find determinants of joining logistics service for liner shipping carrier. The result shows that cultivating unique competitive advantages is the most important factor for liner shipping carriers to become a logistics service provider. The factor which used in this paper could be a good consideration when liner shipping carrier decides to enforce vertical integration in the future.

碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>航運管理學系<br>95<br>The object of this research is to discuss the relationship between the innovation management and operation performance of Taiwan liner shipping industry. We sent 113 copies of questionnaire, and 31 responses were valid. The research uses different statistic methods such as descriptive statistics analysis, relative analysis and reliability , ANOVA and multiple regression analysis to uncover the real situations of each company and to test all the hypotheses . The research indicates two important results. First, the management of innovation and technology have no influences on the market performance. The management of innovation may spend more time creating synergies on business operation performance. Second, the innovation management and technology have a positive influence on the effectiveness of human resource management. Human resource management can increase operation performance and business value.

碩士<br>銘傳大學<br>國際企業學系碩士班<br>105<br>The volatile fluctuation of dry bulk shipping market, highlight the difficult operation of dry bulk shipping companies. In recent years, due to the down turn of global bulk shipping market, Taiwan's bulk shipping business is facing difficulties, so that the operation of Taiwan's bulk shipping companies is more difficult. For bulk shipping companies, in order to enhance the competitiveness of shipping, how to improve operational performance is an important research issue. In the past, there were few studies on the bulk shipping, and the performance evaluation of the shipping industry was mostly based on the container shipping company as the main research object or the merger assessment with the bulk shipping company. Therefore, the position of the bulk shipping company in the face of the financial crisis, the 2010-2015 data for nine Taiwan's dry bulk shipping companies is the research object, Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used for technical efficiency value analysis followed by the Tobit regression model analysis of variable fleet number, shipping revenue, interest expense and personnel costs for the impact of the efficiency of the variables on why the use of Mann-Whitney will be divided into two groups of bulk shipping companies. The assessment will analyze the fleet number, personnel costs, operating income, operating margin, interest expense and before and after the European debt crisis, and finally use BCG matrix group to do the evaluation. (1)There are 32.1% improvement of DEA analysis of the result.(2)Tobit regression model shows personnel costs, ship tons, interest payments for technical efficiency has a negative impact. Shipping revenue for technical efficiency was Impact significantly.(3) Mann-Whitney found that size did not significantly affect the technical efficiency (4)The results of the BCG matrix Operating margin / ship tonnage and ship tonnage matrix indicate that overall efficiency of SHIH WEI and EASTERN still has room for improvement. Finally, the result of the analysis shows that the size of bulk shipping companies is not the key to the impact of operational efficiency of a relatively inefficient bulk shipping company, at the time the company should adjust the shipping strategy in accordance with the forecast to reduce market risk and improve operational performance.

碩士<br>淡江大學<br>中國大陸研究所碩士班<br>104<br>In power after Xi Jinping, the Chinese mainland has past and the era of significance; international politics to build strategic global significance; For Taiwan, also has a cross-strait relations and operational strategies into the thinking stage summary prospective significance. In particular, "Xi Jinping era" after a start, the CPC Central Leading Group for Taiwan overall restructuring soon, head of the Taiwan Affairs Office subsequently switched to new, ARATS is also about those in charge replacement of the old man. Leaders from the highest decision-making to the front line performer, a series of multi-level, overall, a substantial shift. 　　This study is a phenomenon from all levels to explore the CPC&apos;&apos;s Taiwan policy. The CPC leader Xi Jinping focused decision-making style and advocated Taiwan, Taiwan CPC personnel layout organization system, and the interaction cross-Strait relations, to present changed and unchanged CPC Taiwan policy, these internal and external environmental changes and other factors Taiwan into analysis and policy issues, from the definition of the concept of the nature of development, so as to explore the CPC&apos;&apos;s Taiwan policy and the future trend may impact on cross-strait relations.

碩士<br>開南大學<br>物流與航運管理學系<br>96<br>Taiwan is surrounded by the sea. Most of imported and exported trade is carried by sea transport. The shipping development usually relates to the politics, economy, trade, defense and the transport development of the country. Hence, the importance of shipping policy is self-evident. Dr Yung-Fa Chang, the CEO of Evergreen Group, urged the government to establish a feasible shipping policy. to promote and prosper the shipping enterprise in Taiwan. From this point of view, it seems that the current shipping policy in Taiwan is not yet satisfied with the domestic shipping industry. Therefore, the goal of shipping policy in Taiwan shall be established urgently. First of all, this study shall explore the characteristic of shipping policy and its importance. Furthermore, shipping policy of various countries shall be analyzed. In addition, the current shipping policy in Taiwan will be reviewed. To establish the goal of shipping policy in Taiwan, this research investigates the problems of shipping issues and its degree of severity through a questionnaire survey and the goal of shipping policy shall be induced. In the meantime, this study probes into the importance and priority of shipping policy in Taiwan through the second questionnaire survey that shall be analyzed by way of AHP method. The result of this study reveals that establishing a well executive organization for shipping policy is the first priority of shipping policy in Taiwan. The following priority of shipping policy in Taiwan will be “improving the vitality and competition of shipping enterprise”, “enhancing seaman’s training to increase more competent seamen and rate of embarking for seamen”, “promoting the capability in international shipping activities”, “increasing the efficiency of port management”, “promoting the ship’s safety at sea” and “establishing a national fleet with more competitive advantage”. Finally, the finding of this study may provide a reference for relevant authorities on their policy making.

碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>國家發展研究所<br>103<br>This study mainly focused on the impact of Cross-Strait Economic and Trade Polices on Taiwanese & Chinese shipping firms performance. To answer it, we observe Cross-Strait Economic and Trade Polices and government share of Cross-Strait firms in 2005-2013. And we can realize which Cross-Strait Economic is important and the alteration of government share. Furthermore, we use Panel Data(Random Effect) to analyze which Cross-Strait Economic and Trade Polices have influence on ROA. According to empirical results, we find that Cross-Strait Economic and Trade Polices, the government share of firms impact the shipping firm&apos;&apos;s ROA.

碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>金融研究所<br>98<br>The container shipping industry possesses the advantages of monopolistic and transcendent characteristics with high industry standardization prescribed by laws and regulations of various countries. However, industry revenue is to a large extent subject to the fluctuation of business cycles, make it unstable and difficult to predict. Beyond that, supply elasticity is very low and products are not storable. In addition, operating costs are subject to the oil price shocks while financial positions are hampered by high debt ratios. Major operating investments are concentrated on the container shipping fleet with relatively high depreciation costs. Therefore, the impacts of operating, financial and equity method investment results on firm value vary year by year. This thesis applies a resources deployment model to analyze and value three major container shipping companies in Taiwan, Evergreen Marine Corp., Yang Ming Group and Wan Hai Line Ltd. Their 2008 annual financial statements show that the primary source of profit is from operating equity. Except Evergreen Marine Corp., the other two companies are net borrower. However, all of their returns on operating equity are substantially below effective interest rates, much of the operating profits are eroded by interest expenses and financial losses. This explains why their 2008 returns on equity are lower than prior years.

碩士<br>國立高雄海洋科技大學<br>航運管理研究所<br>99<br>Taiwan is a small island, and its domestic transport is highly dependent on truck. The domestic container cargo, basically, can be transported by truck and coastal shipping in Taiwan. In particular, the using of coastal shipping not only increases the ship and slots utilization but also reduces the environmental pollutants and expenditures on infrastructure. Furthermore, it is regarded as the best ways to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions and can positively boost the port throughput and revenues. Therefore, it is worth the effort to examine the using of coastal shipping from a liner shipping company’s perspective. To our knowledge, however, there have been few empirical studies investigating the behavior of choosing the coastal shipping from a liner shipping company’s respective. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the importance of decision criteria to liner shipping companies when using coastal shipping by employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Results indicate that port policies and environment is the most critical factor influencing the use intention of coastal shipping by liner shipping companies. Overall, convenience of customs clearance is found to be the most important determinant, followed by leasing the dedicated terminal and efficiency of terminal operation. The results of the study can help the government to modify their current policies to more accurately meet liner shipping companies’ requirements.

碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>應用經濟研究所<br>101<br>United Nations Conference on Trade and Development indicated that the percentage of global international trade is approximately 80% on the sea, It also shows that the maritime industry play an important role in the international trade. The percentage of trade of import and export for maritime transportation in Taiwan is approximately 99%, it means that the shipping industry is therefore important in Taiwan. Containerization International has provided information about the rank of top twenty-five container shipping company in the word recently, which indicate that there are three Taiwanese companies in this rank. What the three Taiwanese companies for this top rank is Everg- reen Marine Corporation (with 6 in this ranking), Yang-Ming Marine (with 16 in this ra- nking) and Wan-Hai Marine (with 21 in this ranking) in 2012 respectively. Therefore, the competition for these three companies is apparently high in maritime market in the world. In this market, efficiency is the one of the most crucial issue for shipping comp- anies. There are two parts for efficiency of marine companies, one isoperating performa- nce efficiency and other is market efficiency. Operating performance efficiency is defin- ed by product’s inputs and outputs in shipping company application such as minimum cost, maximum profit, businesses’ scale, maximum market share and achieve to maxim- um profit and so on. The performance of market efficiency is mirrored on the equity market, which shows the relationship between shipping companies and stock price. Market efficiency is the propensity of shipping companies to raise finance through the equity market (Panayides et al.2011),and it’s the main source of gaining margins of pr- ofit and keeping competitive advantage for business(Ding et al.2011). This paper focus ontwo methods, which is non-parametric measure ofData Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and parameter measure of Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), to estimate operating performance efficiency and market efficiency of all shipping companies in Taiwan. However, in order to describe the observable variable which is defined to be equal to the latent variable whenever the latent variable is above zero and one, we use Tobit model to fit this problem. Following, this study use output-oriented of DEA and SFA to estimate efficiency of 22 leader shipping companies in the world and of 11 shipping companies in Taiwan. The observation of totally number of shipping companies is 33, which across for four-year period data and including 128 documents. Then, using Tobit model discuss the factors of efficiency. The data is collected from companies’ accounting statement, companies’ profit and companies’ cash flow between 2008 and 2011 by Datastream 4.0. The output variable at operating performance efficiency is sales, and the output variable atmarket efficiency is market value. The input variables at operating performance effi- ciency are total assets, capital expenditure, total capital employed, property, plant and equipment respectively, and the input variables at market efficiency are operating profit and book value (per share). The empirical results show: (1)Efficiency value of operating performance 1. In common frontiers of DEA, there are 21 pure technical efficiency values in 11 ship- ping companies from 2008 to 2011 to achieve complete pure technical efficiency at operating performance efficiency. In 11 shipping companies, there are 3 shipping co- mpanies in Taiwan. The companies areEvergreen, Taiwan Navigation and Eastern Media respectively. Thetotal average value of pure technical efficiency is 0.486, 0.513, 0.492, 0.482 and 0.456 from 2008 to 2011 respectively.The Total average value of pure technical efficiency in Taiwan is 0.488, 0.528, 0.492, 0.476 and 0.454 from 2008 to 2011 respectively. It shows that the total average value of pure technical efficiency for the 11 shipping companies in Taiwan are just a little bit higher than ot- her in the 33 shipping companies. For each year, the part of average value in 2008 and 2009 for pure technical efficiency of shipping companies in Taiwan are higher than pure technical efficiency in the total 33 shipping companies. Pure technical effic- iency of shipping companies in Taiwan are lower than pure technical efficiency in the 33 shipping companies in 2010 and 2011. 2. In the year of frontiers DEA, there are 36 technical efficiency values in 12 shipping companies to achieve complete pure technical efficiency at operating performance efficiency from 2008 to 2011. In 12 shipping companies, there are 4 shipping companies in Taiwan. These 4 shipping companies areEvergreen, First Steamship, Taiwan Navigation and Eastern Media respectively. The total average value of pure technical efficiency is 0.574, 0.625, 0.529, 0.559 and 0.584 from 2008 to 2011 resp- ectively. The total average value of pure technical efficiency in Taiwan is 0.577, 0.656, 0.562, 0.544 and 0.544 from 2008 to 2011 respectively. It shows that the total average value of pure technical efficiency for these 11 shipping companies in Taiwan are higher than total 33 shipping companies. For each year, the part of average value in 2008 and 2009 for pure technical efficiency of shipping companies in Taiwan are higher than pure technical efficiency in the 33 shipping companies. Pure technical efficiency of shipping companies in Taiwan are lower than pure technical efficiency in the 33 shipping companies between 2010 and 2011. 3. In common frontiers of SFA,the total average value of technical efficiency is 0.642, 0.652, 0.630, 0.654 and 0.632 from 2008 to 2011 respectively. The total average va- lue of technical efficiency in Taiwan is 0.570, 0.557, 0.535, 0.589 and 0.599 from 2008 to 2011 respectively. It shows that the total average value of technical efficiency for these 11 Taiwanese shipping companies are lower than the total 33 shipping com- panies. Also, in each year, the part of average value for Taiwanese shipping compan- ies from 2008 to 2011 are lower then the total 33 shipping companies. 4. In year frontiers of SFA, the total average value of technical efficiency is 0.615,0.736, 0.630, 0.619 and 0.474 from 2008 to 2011 respectively. The total average value of technical efficiency in Taiwan is 0.412, 0.652, 0.212, 0.449 and 0.333 from 2008 to 2011 respectively. It shows that the total average value of technical efficiency for the 11 shipping companies in Taiwan are lower than the total 33 shipping companies. For each year, the part of average value for Taiwanese shipping companies’ technical effi- ciency from 2008 to 2011 are lower than the total 33 shipping companies. In particul- arly, it is clear to see that the industry of marine in Taiwan has improved obviously on the distribution of output and input since 2009. (2)Efficiency value of market efficiency 1. In common frontiers of DEA, there are 4 pure technical efficiency values in 4 ship- ping companies to achieve complete pure technical efficiency at market efficiency from 2008 to 2011. The total average value of pure technical efficiency is 0.073, 0.036, 0.072, 0.121 and 0.063 from 2008 to 2011 respectively. The total average val- ue of pure technical efficiency in Taiwan is 0.017, 0.014, 0.017, 0.023 and 0.015 fr- om 2008 to 2011 respectively. It shows that the total average value of pure technical efficiency for these 11 shipping companies in Taiwan are apparently lower than the 33 shipping companies. For each year, the part of average value on pure technical efficiency for Taiwanese shipping companies are also obvious lower than pure techn- ical efficiency of the total 33 shipping companies from 2008 to 2011. In particularly, it is clear to see that the shipping companies in Taiwan haveimproved the space on the distribution of input and output since 2009. 2. In the year of frontiers DEA, there are 21 technical efficiency values in 10 shipping companies from 2008 to 2011 to achieve complete pure technical efficiency at market efficiency. In these 10 shipping companies, Taiwanese Eastern Media is the one of th- ese 10 companies. In Total average value of pure technical efficiency is 0.348, 0.378, 0.293, 0.352 and 0.369 from 2008 to 2011 respectively. Total average value of pure technical efficiency in Taiwan is 0.295, 0.327, 0.239, 0.419 and 0.194 from 2008 to 2011 respectively. In the total average value of pure technical efficiency, the 11 ship- ping companies in Taiwan are lower than total 33 shipping companies. For each year, the part of average value in 2010, pure technical efficiency of shipping companies in Taiwan are higher than pure technical efficiency of the total 33 shipping companies. Pure technical efficiency of shipping companies in Taiwan are lower than pure tech- nical efficiency of the total 33 shipping companies in 2008 and 2009. Pure technical efficiency of shipping companies in Taiwan are significantly lower than pure techni- cal efficiency of the total 33 shipping companies in 2010. 3.In common frontiers of SFA, the total average value of technical efficiency is 0.683, 0.695, 0.664, 0.709 and 0.664 from 2008 to 2011 respectively. The total average val- ue of technical efficiency in Taiwan is 0.654, 0.665, 0.637, 0.671 and 0.644 from 2008 to 2011 respectively. In the total average value of technical efficiency, the 11 shipping companies in Taiwan are lower than the total 33 shipping companies. The part of average value from 2008 to 2011, technical efficiency of shipping companies in Taiwan are lower than the technical efficiency of the total 33 shipping companies. 4.In year frontiers of SFA, the total average value of technical efficiency is 0.735, 0.765, 0.676, 0.701 and 0.799 from 2008 to 2011 respectively. The total average value of te- chnical efficiency in Taiwan is 0.597, 0.770, 0.294, 0.688 and 0.636 from 2008 to 2011 respectively. In the total average value of technical efficiency, the 11 shipping companies in Taiwan are apparently lower then total 33 shipping companies. The part of average value from 2008 to 2011, technical efficiency of shipping companies in Taiwan are also obviously lower than the total 33 shipping companies. Particularly, it’s clear to see that the shipping companies in Taiwan have improved the space on the distribution of input and output factor since 2010. (3)The efficiency value of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient estimated by DEA and SFA 1. Operating performance efficiency：On common frontiers of DEA and SFA, the Spea- rman's rank correlation coefficients of efficiency value from 2008 to 2011 was esti- mated with 0.3984, 0.3103, 0.4067 and 0.3278 respectively by DEA and SFA.On the year offrontiers DEA and SFA, Spearman's rank correlation coefficients from 2008 to 2011 is 0.2565, 0.5446, 0.2662 and 0.6296 respectively.On the assumption of com- mon frontiers, it shows that the two technical efficiency of 33 shipping companies from 2008 to 2011 was estimated by DEA and SFA, which provided the same rank about 30%.Onthe assumption of year frontiers, the two technical efficiency of 33 sh- ipping companies from 2008 to 2010 was estimated by DEA and SFA, which showed the same rank with 25% and 55% in 2009 and 60% in 2011. 2.Market efficiency：On common frontiers of DEA and SFA, the Spearman's rank cor- relation coefficients of efficiency value from 2008 to 2011was estimated with 0.7031, 0.2256, 0.8511 and 0.3673 respectively by DEA and SFA.In the year of frontier DEA and SFA, Spearman's rank correlation coefficients for each year are 0.1359, 0.2771, -0.2532 and 0.6475 respectively. The assumption of common frontiers show that the technical efficiency values of 33 shipping companies was estimated by DEA and SFA, which have the same Spearman's rank with 70%in 2007,85%in 2011,20% in 2009 and 35 in 2010.On the assumption of the year fronti- ers, the technical efficiency va- lues of 33 shipping companies estimated by DEA and SFA, which have the same Sp- earman's rank about70%in 2011,13% in 2008, 25% in 2009 and the different Spear- man's rank in 2010. (4)Tobit Regression Model results 1. Factor of operating performance efficiency in common frontiers of DEA, Selling, Ge- neral &; Administrative Expense and company age are positive effect on efficiency value. Amount of ship is positive effect on efficiency value. The performance ofeffi- ciency for oil tanker and dry bluk are better than container. Efficiency values from 2009 to 2011 are lower than the level in 2008, it means that the financial tsunami oc- cur in the end of 2008 has no effect in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Factors of market effic- iency, ratio of earnings before Interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization/revenue are positive effect to efficiency value. Companies’ age is positive effect to efficiency value. Efficiency performance of oil tanker and dry bluk are the worst. Efficiency va- lues from 2009 to 2011 are higher than the level of 2008, it means that the financial tsunami occur in end of 2008 has no effect in 2009, 2010 and 2011. 2. Factor of operating performance efficiency in common frontiers of SFA, Selling, Ge- neral &; Administrative Expense and amount of ship are positive effect to effic- iency value. Company age is insignificant effect to efficiency value. Efficiency performa- nce of oil tanker and dry bluk are worse than container. Efficiency values from 2009 to 2011 are lower than level of 2008, that means the financial tsunami occur in end of 2008 has affect to 2009, 2010 and 2011. Factor of market efficiency, ratio of earnings before interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization/Revenue and company age are positive effect to efficiency value. Efficiency performance of oil tanker and dry bluk are better than container. Efficiency values in 2009 and 2011 are lower than level of 2008, efficiency value in 2010 is unobvious higher than level of 2008, that means the financial tsunami occur in end of 2008 has an effect in 2009 and 2011. To sum up, (1) to (4) is organized as follows： 1. The 11 shipping companies in Taiwan, total average value of operating performance efficiency and market efficiency are lower than 0.7. Operating performance efficien- cy values decreasedyear by year. Market efficiency value rank are decreasingly from the rank of 5, 6 to rank 10. It shows that theshipping companies in Taiwan have imp- roved the space on operating performance efficiency and market efficiency. 2. The financial tsunami occur in the end of 2008, which changed the way the compa- nies used to use. Tobit Regression Model results show that the market efficiency was influenced by the finical crisis, while the operation performance efficiency was not influenced by the finical crisis. 3. This research use two measurement of DEA and SFA to estimate efficiency. The emp- irical results of SFA, sigma-squared (σ2) and gamma(γ) are significant, it means the inefficiency(Ui) is exist and technical efficiency values are clear. Therefore, using SFA to measure efficiency is better than DEA in this study in the whole.

碩士<br>國立高雄海洋科技大學<br>航運管理研究所<br>100<br>The transportation agreement of across the Taiwan-straits which implemented since the end of 2008. However, the limit of sources of supplies leads to the intense competition between liner shipping companies. That’s the reason why liner shipping companies attach importance to the cross-strait shipping. Therefore, this research was done in accordance with the identification and strategy of the risk management. First of all, according to the methods of literature review and expert interview, this defines 13 terms of hazards of operating risk for the liner shipping companies identifying across Taiwan Straits. Second, we obtained the information from questionnaires completed by experts and the information was analyzed and arranged in order by Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process. The outcome of the risk of Liner Shipping Company indicated that the most important aspect is the political risk, followed by the financial risk, the competitive risk and the cultural risk. The top three of knowledge cognition of risk factors are as follows: i) the fluctuations of the shipping cost, ii) the interfere of the local government may coerce enterprises to change the quality and methods of their management and strategy risks, iii) the treatment with discrimination or the improper competition. Last but not least, the managers should specifically implement relevant risk strategies in order to decrease the occurrence of risks or the risk loss, and ensure the safety of enterprises’ management.

碩士<br>國立高雄海洋科技大學<br>航運管理研究所<br>103<br>Due to intense competition among international ports for the past few years, neighboring Asian countries provide incentives in succession for attracting Carriers’ selection of ports. Customizable incentive programs are motivated by international commercial ports of Taiwan in the light of Carriers’ needs for attracting the coming of container ships, reaping the steadiness of existing markets and achieving a fresh goal of container throughput. The purpose of this study is to explore the structure of port tariff and analyze the impact of incentives of port tariff on the selection of ports for carriers. The study concludes by reviewing relevant literature that customized charges have not only a positive effect on sales but also an effect on the selection of ports for carriers. The study finds by using questionnaire survey that enterprises leasing terminals and internal carriers give a positive evaluation to identification with customized incentives implemented by Taiwan International Ports Corporation (TIPC). However, the number of incoming and outgoing vessels (voyage) and the growth of twenty foot equivalent units (container) both fall short of expectations; hence, the benefits which customized incentives bring are worth examining. In addition, terminal operating is the industry of internationalism and high complexity and there are complicated variables on selection of ports for carriers. For these reasons, a port operator ought to search for other inducements affecting the selection of ports for carriers so as to enhance the competitiveness of international commercial ports of Taiwan, exceed present capacity and simultaneously stabilize existing markets.

碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>航運管理學系<br>103<br>Because of lack of the nature resources in Taiwan, economic development and almost 95% of the international merchandise rely on seaborne shipments. Therefore, the global trade and marine transportation are highly correlated. The market structure in shipping industry is international and highly competitive. To be endurable, shipping companies have to enhance their performance and improve the inefficiency in resource allocation. This dissertation employs DEA to evaluate 11 listed shipping companies in Taiwan with the data from 2009 to 2013, which is adopted from their financial reports. The input variables are total asset, operating cost and operating expense; the output variable is operating revenue. For the selected shipping companies, the CCR model in DEA is used to evaluate their technical efficiency and the BCC model is used to evaluate their pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. The Malmquist productive index is employed to evaluate the efficiency changes in different time periods. Keyworks: DEA, MPI, Performance, Shipping companies

碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>金融創新產業碩士專班<br>106<br>International trade is based on shipping industry. Transportation of goods all around the world is contingent on this industry, so it’s affect by demand and supply of global trade. If the volume of trading reduced, it might imply that the economic is during a regression period and reflect directly to the revenue of the industry. As a result, this thesis focus on predicting the stock price of shipping industry. At the meanwhile, we intent to find out the macroeconomic factors which have a relative important effect on the stock price. This thesis transformed macroeconomic factors to trend period and set rolling window to capture the momentum of long-term trend of economic. Then we conduct feature selection to find out critical factors and forecast the stock price through the model building of LASSO regression. We used back-testing to examine the effectivity of the result. It shows the win-rate is up to 69.92% and the annual return rate is 12.08% with basic model. The win-rate is up to 78.02% and the annual return rate is 12.21% with threshold adjustment of 0.01, better than holding the shipping index continuously. The following is conclusion of this thesis: Firstly, macroeconomic factors do have the ability of forecasting the stock price of shipping index. Second, the major factors that affect the shipping industry are annual growth rate of M2 in Taiwan, initial application for unemployment benefits in US, Taiwan Capitalization Weighted Stock Index, annual growth rate of M1 in China, CRB Futures Price Index, Index of export in US, and ISM Production index in US. Third, shipping industry in Taiwan is a relative efficiency market and often changes its construction. Keywords: shipping industry, forecasting stock price, macroeconomic factors, LASSO regression

碩士<br>國立高雄科技大學<br>國際企業系<br>107<br>Taiwan has become an important economic and trade center of Asia and served as a hub for global enterprises to develop the business in Asia. The role of logistic industry is highlighted by the 80% to 90% shipments of import and export marine transportation via Taiwan. Moreover, the manufacturing industry needs a lot raw material such as iron ore, crude oil and coal which is bulk cargo and needs to be imported from overseas to Taiwan and after processing the products they will be exported to the whole world and mostly it will be shipped by different modes of transportation. Given its importance of marine industry for Taiwan’s economics development , the purpose of this research is to to investigate the factors that have impact on the stock prices and the return rates of the bulk shipping companies and provide useful suggestions for investors and enterprise in the future. The sample data selected was from July 2001 to January 2019. The time series technique is used to check whether the variables contain unit root. The GARCH model is used to estimate the risk and volatility of the variable, while the CHOW test is used to determine the structural transition points. Those events affecting the rate of return are added to the multiple regression model to explore the extent of influence from each event. The final results show that Baltic Composite Index and Taiwan Weighted Stock Index both have a positive relationship to the stock price and the return rate, and there is a significant structural break for both the stock price and the return rate of the bulk shipping company.

博士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>航運管理學系<br>94<br>Abstract The direct shipping across the Taiwan Straits has been restricted since 1949. However, the demand for direct shipping across the Straits is growing because commercial activities between Taiwan and Mainland China have become prosperous since 1987. Although some loosened measures have been adopted in recent years to allow partial direct or indirect shipping links, the direct shipping across the Straits is still prohibited so far. Although the leaders of Taiwan and Mainland China both urged the other to commence the negotiation for direct shipping. However, such a negotiation has not been realized yet. The direct shipping shall be settled through negotiation. Hence, the time for commencing the negotiation on cross-Straits direct shipping has drawn public attention. In order to look into the key issues concerning the cross-Straits direct shipping and seek for a favorable situation and position for the negotiation, this thesis explores the negotiation on cross-Straits direct shipping. It aims to probe into those factors affecting the direct shipping and the mutual dependence of cross-Straits direct shipping. This thesis also analyzes the modes and topics of the negotiation on cross-Straits direct shipping. Furthermore, the negotiations are analyzed by the structural theory and negotiation approaches. The structure of negotiations, as discussed in this thesis, was divided into five aspects. It also analyzes the negotiation modes of the Offshore Shipping Center and Taiwan-Hong Kong Shipping in order to deduce a structure for future negotiation of cross-Straits direct shipping. Finally, this thesis suggests a favorable proposal for future negotiation of cross-Straits direct shipping Keywords: cross-Straits direct shipping, structure of negotiation, Offshore Shipping Center Consultation, Taiwan-Hong Kong shipping consultation

碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>航運管理學系<br>92<br>ABSTRACT While facing the requests of shippers, consignees, forwarders and carriers, a shipping agent must smoothly arrange and handle those matters of securing more business in the future. It is the responsibility for all staff in a shipping agent, although it is a difficult task, to achieve that goal. Based on shipping practice in freight forwarding, ocean transportation and shipping agency, this thesis focuses on business relating to those daily works of shipping agency, those affairs of inbound and outbound shipment as well as container liner. It also includes sales, operation, bill of lading issuance, finance and accounting in daily practice. In consideration that there are not many academic papers concerning Taiwan’s shipping agents in container liner business, this thesise focuses on shipping practices and case study. At first, it analyzes the nature of shipping agency including those routinue operation of sales, customer service, accounting, finance, documental and personnel affairs. Secondly it analyzes, discusses and recommends proposal. Based on aforementioned analyses, this thesis proposes the plan of organization and strategy of business for Taiwan’s shipping agents. It aims to provide useful reference to Taiwan shipping industry. Key Words：Shipping Agent, Freight Forwarder, Liner Shipping, Operation, Bill of Lading

碩士<br>銘傳大學<br>公共管理與社區發展研究所碩士在職專班<br>90<br>The nature is a miracle that is endowed with varieties of energy resources. Human being works a miracle to create this wonderful world by using the endowed energy resources. Thus, the importance of energy is beyond question. In recent years, protests against the environmental pollution are increasingly occurred year by year. People in Taiwan begin to concern about energy and environmental issues. The economic growth is no longer the only major concern of people. The bottom-up forming process of requirements has brought up an impact on the top-down decision making process of the bureaucratic system. Nevertheless, energy-related problems have increasingly become serious for its complication and occurrence frequency. Although the government worked hard to solve out the problems but they can never catch up the pace of the new problems coming up. Therefore, “citizen participation” in energy policies is important and necessary. The relation between government and people is very close, and is bundled with the same destiny. In May, 1998, the government of the Republic of China held the National Energy Conference inviting representatives from industries, official agencies, academic institutes, and private associations to discuss the carbon dioxide emission problems and their resolutions and to promote a permanent development in energy, economic, and environmental regards. Promotion of energy conservation is an important and no-regret policy. To sustain energy supply and economic development, the government puts a first priority in promoting energy conservation and rationalization of energy use. The Energy Commission, Ministry of Economic Affairs is the main institution administering energy business. It is in charge of the formulation and enforcement of the energy policy and the relative laws. Therefore, my study will focus on a citizen participant energy conservation policy using Taiwan situation as a case study and based on the core concept of citizen participation. Citizen participation will be the basic theory and implemental strategy of the formation of energy conservation policy in Taiwan. In this study I found that the history of citizen participation theory development is still short. Although many people still remain conservative or suspicious attitude on the citizen participation, the citizen participation is an essential part to public policy and it will become more important with the progress of democratization. Especially, the energy conservation policy is closely related to the people, therefore it has a positive meaning in theory or practice in association with citizen participation. From all the above, the citizen participation in energy conservation policy can be started from the mind and demonstrated in four areas: The general public participate in: 1. the policy initiation and project management in governmental agencies, 2. the introduction of not-for-profit organizations, 3. the education plans and the teaching programs in school, 4. the enforcement of the overall community construction. In the process of participation, we will emphasize the aspects of “conservation, efficiency, ecological consideration, human nature caring, partnership, learning by doing, and the sharing of resources,” in order that through the guidance from government agencies and not-for-profit organizations, we can link school, family, and community together and formulate a three-in-one energy conservation education system. Through this system, a citizen participant conservation policy can be soundly formed and implemented and eventually result in a ecologically-green homeland.

碩士<br>靜宜大學<br>管理碩士在職專班<br>101<br>The aims of the research is to study how liner shipping companies, through enhancing non-price competitiveness, satisfy customers demand in service quality and create the differentiated advantages to secure the most adequate strategies in competitive advantages. Also, this study explored how the subject companies, according to the perceived expectation and the shipping decision factors of the customers, appropriately configured corporate resources to favorable operating direction to strengthen their business operation. The objective of the study is to understand when customers employ shipping services, their degree of value and satisfaction toward the service quality of liner shipping companies; then it explores their correlations; last it explores resource allocation and recommendations for improvement initiatives for the future reference. Questionnaire survey is employed as the research method, with 250 direct clients and freight forwarders as the research subjects. First, the results of descriptive statistical analysis show the three most important decision factors in selecting a liner service are: the attitude of the staff (responsible, proactive, etc), the efficiency of the staff, and the efficiency in Bill of Lading amendment. The least important factors are: EDI capacity, a website providing information, and the container and container yard. The first three most satisfied factors are: the accuracy of the Bill of Lading, staff proficiency in professional knowledge, and the accuracy in billing. The three least satisfied factors are: the overall quality of containers, EDI capacity, and the efficiency in container provision. Next, in single-factor analysis of variance, the variable of customer background is used to understand the differentiation in degree of importance and satisfaction in respective assessment subjects. The results are used to evaluate its correspondence with the current industry overview and to verify the hypotheses. Last, Pearson correlation analysis is called upon to examine the correlations of degree of value and satisfaction, with an aim to allow freight liners understand the importance of respective assessment subjects and service quality to its operation. This study recommended: strengthen the front line sales staff capacity (through recruiting, internal training, etc.); cultivate customer service spirits (enthusiasm, service, responsibility, and activity); strengthen document staff and document workflow control; construct and renovate dock facilities to accommodate large-scale vessels; upgrade container quality (appropriate depreciable life or plan for new container); establish customer complain channel; establish platforms for cargo damage claim.

碩士<br>義守大學<br>管理研究所碩士班<br>93<br>Abstract After developing for fifty years, the logistics industry in Taiwan has been transformed into a whole structure of systematization. Generally speaking, transportation industry, which includes 3 categories: sea transportation, air transportation and inland transportation, is part of service industry. At the very beginning of 21st century, the trend of global trading amount has been increasing and it is very important to the economic development of one country whatever it is, the bulk navigation or container navigation in sea transportation industry. To depict the development of the container navigation industry in Taiwan, this thesis is to conduct the correlation analysis for the performance evaluation of the container transportation industry. Furthermore, there is no deeper survey to the core resources, efficiency and resources allocation strategy of domestic container transportation industry. Based on this motivation, this thesis accumulates the related data of seven liner shipping companies in Taiwan within two years and utilizes the method of DEA to proceed the CCR efficiency analysis and the BCC efficiency analysis. In the final part of this thesis, the input and output data of these seven liner shipping companies are processed to state and analyze on the difference variable and the conclusion can be the reference on the future performance evaluation and resources allocation for these seven liner shipping companies. Besides, this theis also provide the reference on the future research direction for the future researchers.

碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>海下科技研究所<br>103<br>Ocean ambient noise is a vital parameter in sonar system, Noise can have different characteristics in various ocean region, because most noise source are time and spatial varying. Shipping noise is the major contributor to ambient noise at lower frequencies, moreover, southern sea of Taiwan is on a main shipping lane of west Pacific. Therefore, estimating the shipping noise is important, especially for strategic consideration in this region. In this thesis, spectra and standard deviation were used to analyze the variation of overall low frequency ambient noise in southern sea of Taiwan, then bandwidth of shipping noise analysis was determined. According to the results, the sound level is more variant in low frequencies with certain periodicity. Comparing with hydrological data and statistics, it can be proved the periodicity of level is related to tide. In order to estimate shipping noise, source level of each ship should be obtained. Source level used in this research was approximated by the multiple regression analysis from Automatic Identification System (AIS), Several Hydrophone Recording Unit (SHRU), and Acoustic Module for Sea-surface Noise (AMSN). Although the correlation coefficient between estimated level and in-situ data is not high as a whole month, but some of days fall between 0.3 and 0.6, that indicates the feasibility of this approach. It was also discussed that strumming noise, range limitation of AIS, AIS’s data lost, and tide may affect the estimation accuracy of low frequency shipping noise, which were proved by AIS, ADCP, and SBE, and the more significant factors are strumming noise and tide.

碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>航運管理學系<br>104<br>This study is aimed at exploring the intention of corporate social responsibility(CSR) in shipping industry. Recently, due to the popularity of the concept of CSR, companies have begun focusing on the impacts of CSR on environments, societies, and cultures. The purpose of this research is to investigate the variation of the importance of CSR which is emphasized by different companies around the world.The data was collected from CSR reports, sustainable reports, and official websites of international shipping companies in MaritimeCSR, including ocean carriers, global terminal operators, offshore industries, and other auxiliary industries. The framework of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was established by the induction of CSR practicing from international shipping companies. The questionnaires of fuzzy AHP were delivered to professional managers of local shipping companies, including ocean carrier, port corporation, maritime and port bureau, stevedore, and ocean freight forwarder. 　　The study finds out that the most important issue among shipping industry is “Environment”, followed by "Human Element", "Safety and Security" and "Social Welfare." When companies pursuit the sustainable development, we suggest them obey the regulation of pacts and laws. In order to enhance their competitive advantage, internal stakeholders have higher priority in companies. Besides, they have to be dedicated to issues of welfare appropriately.

碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>航運管理學系<br>102<br>The operating performance of dry bulk shipping market in 2012 is not promising affected by deteriorating economic indicators and increasing shipping cost. The purpose of this study will analyze the main factors and correlation which affect operating performance with financial ratios as a good reference for dry bulk shipping companies. This study will analyze 7 listed dry bulk shipping companies approved by the Financial Supervisory Commission ROC in 2013 based on their annual reports regulated by the Financial and Futures Institute. Considering the completeness and availability of the research data, this study analyze their financial structure, debt-paying ability, operating ability, profitability and cash flow by data collected from published financial statement provided by the Market Observation Post System of Taiwan Stock Exchange from 2003 to 2012. 1 Financial condition: In this study, the financial structure, insolvency and cash flow position of this 7 listed dry bulk shipping companies are decreasing year by year during the past 10 years (2003 to 2012). It indicates that the short term debt-paying ability is insufficient; working capital is short to repay debts; the ability to debt-paying ability interest expenses with operating profits and cash generated from operating activities are insufficient to support dry bulk shipping business growth. The cash investment ratio cannot be maintained at a healthy level between 8-10% and even worse than 0% which resulted the reinvestment ability deteriorated. Therefore, it is an urgent matter to improve financial structure. 2 Operating performance: In this study, the average asset turnover ratio of this 7 listed dry bulk shipping Companies are decreeing during the past ten years (2003-2012) which indicate the effeteness of revenue generated by assets utilization is decreasing. Therefore, to broaden sources of income and reduce expenditures, develop new business, fully utilize existing assets are the top priorities to increase revenue.

碩士<br>國立高雄第一科技大學<br>企業管理研究所<br>99<br>The container shipping industry competition fiercely day by day, in the resources and the environment of rapid change in market conditions, carriers response to the environment and increase market share, often taking strategic alliance to expand the scope of services and improve service quality to enhance the company&apos;&apos;s core competences and find niche. By alliance motivation and factors that affect performance to understand the relationship between the behavior and performance with the sample cover Taiwan container liner carriers during 1993-2009, the study has reached the following results. (1) Carriers enhance the competitive advantages to increase the size of the market to avoid the possibility of being annexed. (2) Performance is affected by the freight rates, cause the volatility of freight rates and the performance has a consistency.(3) Strategic alliance is not to be greatly improved their performance, but they seen hedge of the strategic alliance tools.