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Journal articles on the topic 'Shock aggregati'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Di Giacinto, Valter. "Il grado di integrazione economica tra mezzogiorno e centro-nord: evidenze empiriche da un modello var multi-regionale." RIVISTA DI ECONOMIA E STATISTICA DEL TERRITORIO, no. 1 (May 2012): 11–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rest2012-001002.

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Nel lavoro si propone una nuova metodologia empirica di misurazione del grado di integrazione economica tra il Mezzogiorno e il resto dell'Italia. La metodologia prevede la specificazione e la stima di un modello VAR (Vector Autoregressive) multi-regionale. La misura model-based di integrazione economica che si propone viene successivamente ottenuta in base all'entitŕ della risposta all'interno di una data area a shock macro-economici registrati nella rimanente area territoriale. I risultati di stima, una volta aggregati a livello delle due ripartizioni, mostrano un significativo grado di prop

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Kulig, Melissa, та Heath Ecroyd. "The small heat-shock protein αB-crystallin uses different mechanisms of chaperone action to prevent the amorphous versus fibrillar aggregation of α-lactalbumin". Biochemical Journal 448, № 3 (2012): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20121187.

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Stress conditions can destabilize proteins, promoting them to unfold and adopt intermediately folded states. Partially folded protein intermediates are unstable and prone to aggregation down off-folding pathways leading to the formation of either amorphous or amyloid fibril aggregates. The sHsp (small heat-shock protein) αB-crystallin acts as a molecular chaperone to prevent both amorphous and fibrillar protein aggregation; however, the precise molecular mechanisms behind its chaperone action are incompletely understood. To investigate whether the chaperone activity of αB-crystallin is depende

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3

Ou, Jiang-Rong, Meng-Shan Tan, An-Mu Xie, Jin-Tai Yu, and Lan Tan. "Heat Shock Protein 90 in Alzheimer’s Disease." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/796869.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the first most common neurodegenerative disease. Despite a large amount of research, the pathogenetic mechanism of AD has not yet been clarified. The two hallmarks of the pathology of AD are the extracellular senile plaques (SPs) of aggregated amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide and the accumulation of the intracellular microtubule-associated protein tau into fibrillar aggregates. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a key role in preventing protein misfolding and aggregation, and Hsp90 can be viewed as a ubiquitous molecular chaperone potentially involved in AD pathogenesis. A ro

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Specht, Sebastian, Stephanie B. M. Miller, Axel Mogk, and Bernd Bukau. "Hsp42 is required for sequestration of protein aggregates into deposition sites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Journal of Cell Biology 195, no. 4 (2011): 617–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201106037.

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The aggregation of proteins inside cells is an organized process with cytoprotective function. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, aggregating proteins are spatially sequestered to either juxtanuclear or peripheral sites, which target distinct quality control pathways for refolding and degradation. The cellular machinery driving the sequestration of misfolded proteins to these sites is unknown. In this paper, we show that one of the two small heat shock proteins of yeast, Hsp42, is essential for the formation of peripheral aggregates during physiological heat stress. Hsp42 preferentially localizes to

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Kaku, Hiroaki, Allison R. Balaj, and Thomas L. Rothstein. "Small Heat Shock Proteins Collaborate with FAIM to Prevent Accumulation of Misfolded Protein Aggregates." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (2022): 11841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911841.

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Cells and tissues are continuously subject to environmental insults, such as heat shock and oxidative stress, which cause the accumulation of cytotoxic, aggregated proteins. We previously found that Fas Apoptosis Inhibitory Molecule (FAIM) protects cells from stress-induced cell death by preventing abnormal generation of protein aggregates similar to the effect of small heat shock proteins (HSPs). Protein aggregates are often associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we sought to determine how FAIM protein dynamics change during cellular str

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Andersson, Rebecca, Anna Maria Eisele-Bürger, Sarah Hanzén, et al. "Differential role of cytosolic Hsp70s in longevity assurance and protein quality control." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 1 (2021): e1008951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008951.

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70 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70) are essential chaperones of the protein quality control network; vital for cellular fitness and longevity. The four cytosolic Hsp70’s in yeast, Ssa1-4, are thought to be functionally redundant but the absence of Ssa1 and Ssa2 causes a severe reduction in cellular reproduction and accelerates replicative aging. In our efforts to identify which Hsp70 activities are most important for longevity assurance, we systematically investigated the capacity of Ssa4 to carry out the different activities performed by Ssa1/2 by overproducing Ssa4 in cells lacking these Hsp7

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Qurban, Ali Shar, Shaikh Maria, Bashir Shah Dr.Aisha, and Muhammad Shaikh Dr.Faiz. "Effect of Aggregate Demand and Supply Shocks on Output and Inflation Rate in Pakistan." International Journal of Case Studies 6, no. 3 (2017): 48–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534893.

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This study investigates the Effect of Aggregate Demand and Supply Shocks on Output and Inflation Rate in Pakistan. Data were collected from various secondary sources , ie. Annual reports, magzines and newspapers. Quah approach The place aggravator interest Also aggravator supply shocks would not associated. Those impact. of identified shocks is then estimated on GDP and inflation rate. Data of GDP and general price level for Pakistan economy over the period 1974 to 2012 have been used for the purpose. Results show that positive supply shock has positive effect on GDP while negative on prices.

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Maiti, Panchanan, Jayeeta Manna, Shobi Veleri, and Sally Frautschy. "Molecular Chaperone Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Effects of Curcumin." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/495091.

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The intra- and extracellular accumulation of misfolded and aggregated amyloid proteins is a common feature in several neurodegenerative diseases, which is thought to play a major role in disease severity and progression. The principal machineries maintaining proteostasis are the ubiquitin proteasomal and lysosomal autophagy systems, where heat shock proteins play a crucial role. Many protein aggregates are degraded by the lysosomes, depending on aggregate size, peptide sequence, and degree of misfolding, while others are selectively tagged for removal by heat shock proteins and degraded by eit

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9

Sikhwal, Shweta. "Effects of US interest rate shocks in the emerging market economies: Evidence from panel structural VAR." Russian Journal of Economics 8, no. 3 (2022): 234–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.8.89717.

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We examine, using a monthly dataset from 2007 to 2020, the US interest rate shocks’ effects on exchange rates, broad money aggregates, and foreign exchange reserves in emerging market economies (EMEs) post global financial crisis. To evaluate the impact of unconventional monetary policy initiatives, we employ Wu-Xia’s shadow interest rates. There are two parts to the methodology. The first part focuses on the identification of the unanticipated US interest rate shock in a SVAR model. In the second part, we incorporate the US interest rate shock into the panel structural VAR to analyze its impa

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Sikhwal, Shweta. "Effects of US interest rate shocks in the emerging market economies: Evidence from panel structural VAR." Russian Journal of Economics 8, no. (3) (2022): 234–54. https://doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.8.89717.

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We examine, using a monthly dataset from 2007 to 2020, the US interest rate shocks' effects on exchange rates, broad money aggregates, and foreign exchange reserves in emerging market economies (EMEs) post global financial crisis. To evaluate the impact of unconventional monetary policy initiatives, we employ Wu-Xia's shadow interest rates. There are two parts to the methodology. The first part focuses on the identification of the unanticipated US interest rate shock in a SVAR model. In the second part, we incorporate the US interest rate shock into the panel structural VAR to analyze its impa

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11

LINDNER, Robyn A., Teresa M. TREWEEK та John A. CARVER. "The molecular chaperone α-crystallin is in kinetic competition with aggregation to stabilize a monomeric molten-globule form of α-lactalbumin". Biochemical Journal 354, № 1 (2001): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3540079.

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In vivo, α-crystallin and other small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) act as molecular chaperones to prevent the precipitation of ‘substrate’ proteins under stress conditions through the formation of a soluble sHsp–substrate complex. Using a range of different salt conditions, the rate and extent of precipitation of reduced α-lactalbumin have been altered. The interaction of α-crystallin with reduced α-lactalbumin under these various salt conditions was then studied using a range of spectroscopic techniques. Under conditions of low salt, α-lactalbumin aggregates but does not precipitate. α-Crystal

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Grousl, Tomas, Sophia Ungelenk, Stephanie Miller, et al. "A prion-like domain in Hsp42 drives chaperone-facilitated aggregation of misfolded proteins." Journal of Cell Biology 217, no. 4 (2018): 1269–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201708116.

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Chaperones with aggregase activity promote and organize the aggregation of misfolded proteins and their deposition at specific intracellular sites. This activity represents a novel cytoprotective strategy of protein quality control systems; however, little is known about its mechanism. In yeast, the small heat shock protein Hsp42 orchestrates the stress-induced sequestration of misfolded proteins into cytosolic aggregates (CytoQ). In this study, we show that Hsp42 harbors a prion-like domain (PrLD) and a canonical intrinsically disordered domain (IDD) that act coordinately to promote and contr

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13

Naus, Evelyne, Marleen Derweduwe, Youlia Lampi, et al. "Reduced Levels of Misfolded and Aggregated Mutant p53 by Proteostatic Activation." Cells 12, no. 6 (2023): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12060960.

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In malignant cancer, excessive amounts of mutant p53 often lead to its aggregation, a feature that was recently identified as druggable. Here, we describe that induction of a heat shock-related stress response mediated by Foldlin, a small-molecule tool compound, reduces the protein levels of misfolded/aggregated mutant p53, while contact mutants or wild-type p53 remain largely unaffected. Foldlin also prevented the formation of stress-induced p53 nuclear inclusion bodies. Despite our inability to identify a specific molecular target, Foldlin also reduced protein levels of aggregating SOD1 vari

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14

Kilian, Lutz. "Not All Oil Price Shocks Are Alike: Disentangling Demand and Supply Shocks in the Crude Oil Market." American Economic Review 99, no. 3 (2009): 1053–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.3.1053.

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Shocks to the real price of oil may reflect oil supply shocks, shocks to the global demand for all industrial commodities, or demand shocks that are specific to the crude oil market. Each shock has different effects on the real price of oil and on US macroeconomic aggregates. Changes in the composition of shocks help explain why regressions of macroeconomic aggregates on oil prices tend to be unstable. Evidence that the recent surge in oil prices was driven primarily by global demand shocks helps explain why this shock so far has failed to cause a major recession in the United States. (JEL E31

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15

Patnaik, Anuradha. "Measuring Demand and Supply Shocks From COVID-19: An Industry-Level Analysis for India." Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 16, no. 1 (2022): 76–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09738010211067392.

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The present article attempts to decompose the COVID-19-induced shock to output and inflation of the Indian economy at the aggregate and disaggregate levels into demand and supply shocks for the period March 2020 to June 2020, using a structural Bayesian VAR model following Baumeister and Hamilton (2015, 2019). The results of the empirical analysis reveal that while the negative supply shocks dominate at the aggregate and disaggregate levels, their magnitude varies across industries. Demand shocks to output were positive in some industries like the manufacture of food products (10), textiles (1

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16

Michl, Thomas R., and Kayla M. Oliver. "Combating hysteresis with output targeting." Review of Keynesian Economics 7, no. 1 (2019): 6–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/roke.2019.01.02.

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Hysteresis, path dependence, and multiple equilibria are characteristic features of post-Keynesian economics. This paper constructs an otherwise conventional three-equation model that includes a hysteresis-generating mechanism and an invariant output target. We use it to explore the implications for monetary policy of an output-targeting policy framework that seeks to reverse the damage caused by hysteresis. We restrict ourselves to negative aggregate demand shocks and positive inflation shocks that in most instances require a disinflationary response from the central bank. One important findi

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17

Cooper, Russell, and João Ejarque. "FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION AND AGGREGATE FLUCTUATIONS: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 4, no. 4 (2000): 423–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100500017016.

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We investigate the quantitative behavior of business-cycle models in which the intermediation process acts either as a source of fluctuations or as a propagator of real shocks. In neither case do we find convincing evidence that the intermediation process is an important element of aggregate fluctuations. For an economy driven by intermediation shocks, consumption is not smoother than output, investment is negatively correlated with output, variations in the capital stock are quite large, and interest rates are procyclical. The model economy thus fails to match unconditional moments for the U.

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18

Su, Hsuan-Li. "Financial Frictions, Capital Misallocation, and Input-Output Linkages." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 16, no. 2 (2024): 62–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20190238.

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I study how input-output linkages amplify the aggregate impact of sectoral financial distortions in a dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous capital wedges. The aggregate impact of a shock can be decomposed into weighted productivity changes and changes in allocative efficiency. A systematic uncertainty shock induces heterogenous responses in sectoral capital wedges, reducing allocative efficiency and aggregate total factor productivity (TFP). However, idiosyncratic sectoral uncertainty shocks may improve allocative efficiency and raise TFP. I then calibrate the model to US data. Th

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19

Boháčik, Ján. "Financial shocks and their effects on velocity of money in agent-based model." Review of Economic Perspectives 22, no. 4 (2022): 241–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2022-0011.

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Abstract The interaction of debt and economic performance has been getting more attention over the last few years. However, models making provision for debt are still outnumbered by models completely ignoring it. This paper is the first one to analyze the relationship between household debt (in the form of bank loans) and economic performance (in terms of aggregate income) considering both the impact of wealth and income distribution, and the impact of the MPC distribution under various financial shocks. The outcomes of the model are velocities calculated as ratios of aggregate income to aggre

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Kötter, Sebastian, Andreas Unger, Nazha Hamdani, et al. "Human myocytes are protected from titin aggregation-induced stiffening by small heat shock proteins." Journal of Cell Biology 204, no. 2 (2014): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201306077.

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In myocytes, small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are preferentially translocated under stress to the sarcomeres. The functional implications of this translocation are poorly understood. We show here that HSP27 and αB-crystallin associated with immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domain-containing regions, but not the disordered PEVK domain (titin region rich in proline, glutamate, valine, and lysine), of the titin springs. In sarcomeres, sHSP binding to titin was actin filament independent and promoted by factors that increased titin Ig unfolding, including sarcomere stretch and the expression of stiff tit

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Costello, Gregory, Patricia Fraser, and Garry MacDonald. "Monetary policy influences in Australian housing markets." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 8, no. 2 (2015): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-08-2014-0032.

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Purpose – This paper aims to analyze the impact of common monetary policy shocks on house prices at national and capital city levels of aggregation, using Australian data and the Lastrapes (2005) two-part structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) empirical method. Design/methodology/approach – The Lastrapes (2005) two-part SVAR empirical method is applied to Australian housing market and macroeconomic data to assess the impact of common monetary policy shocks on house prices. Findings – Results show that while the impact of shocks to interest rates on aggregate house prices is almost neutral, th

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Autrey, Romana L., Shane S. Dikolli, and D. Paul Newman. "Performance Measure Aggregation, Career Incentives, and Explicit Incentives." Journal of Management Accounting Research 22, no. 1 (2010): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar.2010.22.1.115.

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ABSTRACT: We examine a setting in which managers have differential career concerns and firm performance is publicly observed using disaggregated measures that are incrementally informative but costly to contract upon. In such a setting, when do firms contract on aggregated rather than disaggregated performance measures? We show that at intermediate levels of managerial career concerns contracting on an aggregate measure can be welfare-enhancing. In this case, the net cost of both contracting directly on an aggregate measure and exploiting career incentives based on disaggregated measures is sm

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Baek, Jeongho, and Hong-Youl Kim. "Analyzing the Effects of Oil Price Shocks on the Trade Balance: New Evidence from Korea-China Trade." Korea International Trade Research Institute 18, no. 4 (2022): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.18.4.202208.111.

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Purpose - The primary contribution of this paper is to investigate the impacts of oil supply shocks, aggregate demand shocks, and oil-specific demand shocks on three measures of South Korea’s trade balance oil, non-oil, and total trade balance with its top trading partner China. Design/Methodology/Approach - In order to investigate how trade balance is influenced by three types of oil price shocks, we used a Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR). Also, Impulse Response Function (IRF) was used to calculate degree of the trade balance response to the oil price shock. Findings - We

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Dr.Aisha, Bashir Shah, Shaikh Maria, Ahmed Khoso Gulzar, Muhammad Shaikh Dr.Faiz, and Ali Shar Qurban. "Econometric Analysis Aggregate Demand and Supply Shocks on Output in Pakistan." International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research 6, no. 4 (2017): 104–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3469293.

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The current research investigates the Econometric Analysis Aggregate Demand and Supply Shocks on Output in Pakistan. Data were collected from various secondary sources. It was revealed that The supply shocks and inflation response is in the right direction. The demand shocks appear to have a permanent negative effect on the output level, with positive aggregate demand shock should increase the aggregate output but here the reverse situation occurs in case of Pakistan. With positive Aggregate Demand shocks output decrease. The possible explanation for this opposite to conventional wisdom result

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O., Saibu M. "Sectoral Output Responses to Trade Openness, Oil Price and Policy Shocks in Nigeria: A CVAR Approach." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 1, no. 2 (2011): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v1i2.627.

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This study investigated the relative effectiveness of trade and policy shocks on sectoral output growth in a small open Nigerian economy. It is a country-specific, time series study verifies whether there is difference in the effect of sectoral output response to policy shocks in Nigeria. A CVAR model was specified to assess the effects of policy shocks on real aggregate and sectoral output measures. The model included oil price shock and an interactive term of trade openness as measures of supply and external shocks to the economy. The empirical results showed that there was remarkably differ

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Gogas, Periklis, and Ioannis Pragidis. "Are there asymmetries in fiscal policy shocks?" Journal of Economic Studies 42, no. 2 (2015): 303–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-04-2013-0059.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the effects of unanticipated fiscal policy shocks on the growth rate and the cyclical component of real private output and reveal different types of asymmetries in fiscal policy implementation. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use two alternative vector autoregressive systems in order to construct the fiscal policy shocks: one with the simple sum monetary aggregate MZM and one with the alternative CFS Divisia MZM aggregate. From each one of these systems we extracted four types of shocks: a negative and a positive government spending shoc

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Fehr, Ernst, and Jean-Robert Tyran. "Does Money Illusion Matter?" American Economic Review 91, no. 5 (2001): 1239–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.5.1239.

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This paper shows that a small amount of individual-level money illusion may cause considerable aggregate nominal inertia after a negative nominal shock. In addition, our results indicate that negative and positive nominal shocks have asymmetric effects because of money illusion. While nominal inertia is quite substantial and long lasting after a negative shock, it is rather small after a positive shock. (JEL C92, E32, E52)

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Yu, Huayi, and Yanfen Huang. "Regional heterogeneity and the trans-regional interaction of housing prices and inflation: Evidence from China’s 35 major cities." Urban Studies 53, no. 16 (2016): 3472–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098015617882.

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This paper proposes a theoretical framework to analyse the regionally heterogeneous responses of housing prices and inflation to the monetary aggregates shock and the trans-regional interaction of housing prices and inflation, which has seldom been discussed in previous literature. Using a GVAR (Globe Vector Autoregression) model, evidence based on China’s 35 major cities for this framework is provided. The results show that (1) the housing price shocks have weak positive influence on CPIs (consumer price index); (2) the housing price shocks, especially the shocks in first-tier cities and east

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Karadi, Peter, and Adam Reiff. "Menu Costs, Aggregate Fluctuations, and Large Shocks." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 11, no. 3 (2019): 111–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20160054.

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We document that the aggregate price level responds flexibly and asymmetrically to large positive and negative value-added tax changes. We present a price-setting model with menu costs, trend inflation, and fat-tailed product-level shocks that is consistent with these observations. The model predicts a flexible price-level response to standard monetary policy shocks because it anticipates a large number of firms on the verge of price adjustment and far from their optimal prices when the shock hits. (JEL E31, E32, E52, E62, H25)

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Fatás, Antonio, and Sanjay R. Singh. "Supply or Demand? Policy Makers' Confusion in the Presence of Hysteresis." Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Working Paper Series 2023, no. 21 (2023): 01–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24148/wp2023-21.

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Policy makers need to separate between temporary demand-driven shocks and permanent shocks in order to design optimal aggregate demand policies. In this paper we study the case of a central bank that ignores the presence of hysteresis when identifying shocks. By assuming that all low frequency output fluctuations are driven by permanent technology shocks, monetary policy is not aggressive enough in response to demand shocks. In addition, we show that errors in assessing the state of the economy can be self-perpetuating if seen through the lens of the mistaken views of the policymaker. We show

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Oncioiu, Ionica, Ioana Duca, Mirela Anca Postole, Georgiana Camelia Georgescu (Crețan), Rodica Gherghina, and Robert-Adrian Grecu. "Transforming the COVID-19 Threat into an Opportunity: The Pandemic as a Stage to the Sustainable Economy." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (2021): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042088.

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The aim of this research is to assess the impact of the economic shocks of supply and demand generated by the COVID-19 crisis on the climate sphere at the level of the Member States of the European Union. In this respect, a macroeconomic model was used to obtain firstly an estimate of the measure of demand shock and secondly an estimate of the supply of the economy. These milestones were eventually used to estimate the impact of the two economic shocks on the level of greenhouse gas emissions. The obtained results show that both the shock from the aggregate demand area and that from the aggreg

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Sun, Li, and Ying Wei Yun. "Experiment on Improving Performance of Recycled Coarse Aggregate from Waste Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.198.

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Recently recycled coarse aggregate concrete tends to be developed by using waste concrete considering environmental issues and conserving natural resources. However, performances of recycled coarse aggregate concrete are relative low compared with ordinary concrete due to the differences between recycled coarse aggregates and natural ones. In this research, developed mill is used to shuck the cement paste adhering on the surface of coarse aggregates to obtain shucking recycled coarse aggregates. Experimental results demonstrate that the performances of shucking recycled aggregates and concerne

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Jahan-Parvar, Mohammad R., Yuriy Kitsul, Jamil Rahman, and Beth Anne Wilson. "Foreign economic policy uncertainty and U.S. equity returns." International Finance Discussion Paper, no. 1401 (December 2024): 1–40. https://doi.org/10.17016/ifdp.2024.1401.

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We document that foreign economic policy uncertainty (EPUF) has significant incremental predictive power for excess U.S. stock returns in the presence of domestic EPU, both in aggregate and for returns of portfolios constructed on firm characteristics, for 6 to 12-months-ahead horizons. We find that EPUF shocks primarily transmit to equity prices through cash flow news rather than the discount rate news channel. We examine whether responses of select macro-financial variables to an adverse EPUF shock are consistent with this transmission mechanism. Corporate investment outlays, payouts, and ag

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Sun, Shuli, Junfeng Qu, Mengyong Sun, et al. "Preparation and Properties of Lightweight Aggregates from Discarded Al2O3-ZrO2-C Refractories." Materials 17, no. 16 (2024): 3968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17163968.

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Refractory materials are an important pillar for the stable development of the high-temperature industry. A large amount of waste refractories needs to be further disposed of every year, so it is of great significance to carry out research on the recycling of used refractories. In this work, lightweight composite aggregate was prepared by using discarded Al2O3-ZrO2-C refractories as the main raw material, and the performance of the prepared lightweight aggregate was improved by adjusting the calcination temperature and introducing light calcined magnesia additives. The results showed that the

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Tang, Hai, Chunxue Li, Jianying Gao, Bruno Touzo, Chunfeng Liu, and Wenjie Yuan. "Optimization of Properties for Alumina-Spinel Refractory Castables by CMA (CaO-MgO-Al2O3) Aggregates." Materials 14, no. 11 (2021): 3050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14113050.

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Aiming at optimizing properties of alumina-spinel refractory castables, coarse corundum particles were replaced partially with the particles of a novel porous multi-component CMA (CaO-MgO-Al2O3) aggregate in the same size. Properties including the bulk density, apparent porosity, strength, slag corrosion resistance, thermal shock resistance and thermal fatigue resistance of alumina-spinel refractory castables containing CMA aggregates were evaluated contrastively. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of CMA aggregates can significantly improve thermal shock resistance and thermal fa

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Martins-Ribeiro, Ana, Arathi Kizhedath, Shaheda Ahmed, et al. "A Human Skin Explant Test as a Novel In Vitro Assay for the Detection of Skin Sensitization to Aggregated Monoclonal Antibodies." Toxics 12, no. 5 (2024): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12050332.

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Introduction: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are important therapeutics. However, the enhanced potential for aggregation has become a critical quality parameter during the production of mAbs. Furthermore, mAb aggregation may also present a potential health risk in a clinical setting during the administration of mAb therapeutics to patients. While the extent of immunotoxicity in patient populations is uncertain, reports show it can lead to immune responses via cell activation and cytokine release. In this study, an autologous in vitro skin test designed to predict adverse immune events, including

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Oteng-Abayie, Eric Fosu, John Bosco Dramani, Mahawiya Sulemana, and Frank Adusah-Poku. "The Asymmetric Effects of Oil Price Shocks on Aggregate Demand for Goods and Services in Ghana." Journal of Energy 2023 (May 11, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1692552.

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Procyclicality has been discovered in crude oil price shocks on aggregate demand. Most studies have used linear estimation techniques, resulting in the loss of asymmetric correlations. We disaggregate the impact of changes in oil prices into positive and negative shocks on aggregate demand and its components from 1970 to 2015 using the nonlinear ARDL framework. The results show that oil price shocks in Ghana have a long-term beneficial asymmetric impact on aggregate demand and its components. Specifically, a positive change in oil price (0.230) has a greater positive effect on the aggregate de

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Banerjee, Shesadri, and Parantap Basu. "TECHNOLOGY SHOCKS AND BUSINESS CYCLES IN INDIA." Macroeconomic Dynamics 23, no. 5 (2017): 1721–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100517000438.

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In this paper, we develop a small open economy New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model to understand the relative importance of two key technology shocks, Hicks neutral total factor productivity (TFP) shock and investment specific technology (IST) shock for an emerging market economy like India. In addition to these two shocks, our model includes three demand side shocks such as fiscal spending, home interest rate, and foreign interest rate. Using a Bayesian approach, we estimate our DSGE model with Indian annual data for key macroeconomic variables over the period of

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Hwang, HyunTae V., Yun Lin, Michelle N. Rebuffatti, et al. "Impaired proteostasis in senescent vascular endothelial cells: a perspective on estrogen and oxidative stress in the aging vasculature." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 316, no. 2 (2019): H421—H429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00318.2018.

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The heat shock response is an important cytoprotective mechanism for protein homeostasis and is an essential protective response to cellular stress and injury. Studies on changes in the heat shock response with aging have been mixed with regard to whether it is inhibited, and this, at least in part, reflects different tissues and different models. Cellular senescence is a key feature in aging, but work on the heat shock response in cultured senescent (SEN) cells has largely been limited to fibroblasts. Given the prevalence of oxidative injury in the aging cardiovascular system, we investigated

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Ljungqvist, Lars, and Thomas J. Sargent. "A Labor Supply Elasticity Accord?" American Economic Review 101, no. 3 (2011): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.487.

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A dispute about the size of the aggregate labor supply elasticity has been fortified by a contentious aggregation theory used by real business cycle theorists. The replacement of that aggregation theory with one more congenial to microeconomic observations opens possibilities for an accord about the aggregate labor supply elasticity. The new aggregation theory drops features to which empirical microeconomists objected and replaces them with life-cycle choices. Whether the new aggregation theory ultimately indicates a small or large macro labor supply elasticity will depend on how shocks and go

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Salomons, Florian A., Victoria Menéndez-Benito, Claudia Böttcher, Brett A. McCray, J. Paul Taylor, and Nico P. Dantuma. "Selective Accumulation of Aggregation-Prone Proteasome Substrates in Response to Proteotoxic Stress." Molecular and Cellular Biology 29, no. 7 (2009): 1774–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01485-08.

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ABSTRACT Conditions causing an increase in misfolded or aberrant proteins can impair the activity of the ubiquitin/proteasome system (UPS). This observation is of particular interest, given the fact that proteotoxic stress is closely associated with a large variety of disorders. Although impairment of the UPS appears to be a general consequence of proteotoxic insults, the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Here, we show that heat shock-induced proteotoxic stress resulted in conjugation of ubiquitin to detergent-insoluble protein aggregates, which coincided with reduced levels of free ubiq

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Furlanetto, Francesco, and Martin Seneca. "NEW PERSPECTIVES ON DEPRECIATION SHOCKS AS A SOURCE OF BUSINESS CYCLE FLUCTUATIONS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 18, no. 6 (2013): 1209–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100512000910.

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In this paper we study the transmission of capital depreciation shocks. The existing literature in the real business cycle tradition has concluded that these shocks are irrelevant to business cycle fluctuations. We show that they are potentially important drivers of aggregate fluctuations in a new Keynesian model. Nominal rigidities and some persistence in the shock process are the key ingredients that generate co-movement across real variables.

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Guerrieri, Veronica, Guido Lorenzoni, Ludwig Straub, and Iván Werning. "Macroeconomic Implications of COVID-19: Can Negative Supply Shocks Cause Demand Shortages?" American Economic Review 112, no. 5 (2022): 1437–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20201063.

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Motivated by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, we present a theory of Keynesian supply shocks: shocks that reduce potential output in a sector of the economy, but that, by reducing demand in other sectors, ultimately push aggregate activity below potential. A Keynesian supply shock is more likely when the elasticity of substitution between sectors is relatively low, the intertemporal elasticity of substitution is relatively high, and markets are incomplete. Fiscal policy can display a smaller multiplier, but the insurance benefit of fiscal transfers can be enhanced. Firm exits and job dest

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Kharohmayani, Desy, and Sudarso Kaderi Wiryono. "The Impact of Banking Policies to the Macroprudential Policy." JEJAK 13, no. 2 (2020): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v13i2.25754.

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The interaction between banks and macroeconomics is of crucial importance to financial stability. This study aims to answer the question of how macroeconomic shocks are transmitted to banking variables or vice versa. The study investigated the impact of the banking policies, the principal component of analysis (PCA) of banking quality indicators (CAMEL), and BI's rate to the aggregate of GDP and GDP priority sectors. The methodology used is the Factor Augmented Vector Autoregressive (FAVAR) model to observe the endogeneity of the observed variables. The results show that there is substantial h

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Barigozzi, Matteo, Marc Hallin, and Stefano Soccorsi. "Identification of Global and Local Shocks in International Financial Markets via General Dynamic Factor Models*." Journal of Financial Econometrics 17, no. 3 (2018): 462–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjfinec/nby006.

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AbstractWe employ a two-stage general dynamic factor model to analyze co-movements between returns and between volatilities of stocks from the U.S., European, and Japanese financial markets. We find two common shocks driving the dynamics of volatilities—one global shock and one United States–European shock—and four local shocks driving returns, but no global one. Co-movements in returns and volatilities increased considerably in the period 2007–2012 associated with the Great Financial Crisis and the European Sovereign Debt Crisis. We interpret this finding as the sign of a surge, during crises

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Lanteri, Andrea, Pamela Medina, and Eugene Tan. "Capital-Reallocation Frictions and Trade Shocks." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 15, no. 2 (2023): 190–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20200429.

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What are the short-term effects of an import-competition shock on capital reallocation and aggregate productivity? To address this question, we develop a quantitative model with heterogeneous firms and capital-reallocation frictions. We discipline the model with micro data on investment dynamics of Peruvian manufacturing firms and trade flows between China and Peru. Because of large frictions in firm downsizing and exit, an import-competition shock induces a temporary aggregate-productivity loss and larger dispersion in marginal products, due to investment inaction and exit of some productive

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Atems, Bebonchu, and Mark Melichar. "DO GLOBAL CRUDE OIL MARKET SHOCKS HAVE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON US REGIONS?" Macroeconomic Dynamics 23, no. 5 (2017): 1978–2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100517000542.

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The paper investigates whether US regions respond differently to shocks in the crude oil market. We disentangle oil market shocks into distinct demand and supply shocks and examine the response of regional personal income to these shocks. Results indicate that for most regions, oil supply shocks decrease real personal income. Except for the Rocky Mountains and the Southwest, global aggregate demand shocks are recessionary, typically about a year and a half after the shock. When we split our data into oil-producing and non-oil-producing regions, we find that global aggregate demand shocks have

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Guo, Xing. "Reassessing the Relevance of Financial Shocks in an Estimated Heterogeneous Firm Model." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 16, no. 3 (2024): 131–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20200447.

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I study the transmission of financial shocks using an estimated heterogeneous firm model. Following a contractionary financial shock, financially constrained firms cut investment, but unconstrained firms increase investment due to the lower capital price and interest rate. After matching the empirical dynamics of prices and the price elasticity of investment, I find a limited role of the unconstrained firms’ response in dampening the aggregate investment decline. Nonfinancial capital adjustment friction is the key to generating this result. Without the capital adjustment friction, unconstraine

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Hossain, Muhammad Monowar, Safat Al-Deen, Sukanta Kumer Shill, and Md Kamrul Hassan. "Resistance of Concrete with Various Types of Coarse Aggregate to Coupled Effects of Thermal Shocks and Chemicals." Materials 17, no. 4 (2024): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17040791.

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Rigid pavements at military airfields experience surface deterioration within 6–18 months of construction. The cause of this degradation is mainly due to combined exposure to repeated heat shocks from jet engine exhaust and spilled aviation oils (hydrocarbons). Surface degradation occurs in the form of disintegration of aggregates and cement paste into small pieces that pose severe risks of physical injury to maintenance crews or damage to an aircraft engine. Since coarse aggregates typically occupy 60–80% of the concrete volume, aggregates’ thermal properties and microstructure should play a

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Redding, Stephen J., and David E. Weinstein. "Measuring Aggregate Price Indices with Taste Shocks: Theory and Evidence for CES Preferences*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 135, no. 1 (2019): 503–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz031.

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Abstract We develop an approach to measuring the cost of living for CES preferences that treats demand shocks as taste shocks that are equivalent to price shocks. In the presence of relative taste shocks, the Sato-Vartia price index is upward biased because an increase in the relative consumer taste for a variety lowers its taste-adjusted price and raises its expenditure share. By failing to allow for this association, the Sato-Vartia index underweights drops in taste-adjusted prices and overweights increases in taste-adjusted prices, leading to what we call a “taste-shock bias.” We show that

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