Relevant bibliographies by topics / Shock fluctuations

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Academic literature on the topic 'Shock fluctuations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Shock fluctuations"

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Mahesh, Krishnan, Sangsan Lee, Sanjiva K. Lele, and Parviz Moin. "The interaction of an isotropic field of acoustic waves with a shock wave." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 300 (October 10, 1995): 383–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112095003739.

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Moore's (1954) inviscid linear analysis of the interaction of a shock wave with a plane acoustic wave is evaluated by comparison to computation. The analysis is then extended to study the interaction of an isotropic field of acoustic waves with a normal shock wave. The evolution of fluctuating kinetic energy, sound level and thermodynamic fluctuations across the shock wave are examined in detail.The interaction of acoustic fluctuations with the shock is notably different from that of vortical fluctuations. The kinetic energy of the acoustic fluctuationsdecreasesacross the shock wave for Mach numbers between 1.25 and 1.8. For Mach numbers exceeding 3, the kinetic energy amplifies by levels that significantly exceed those found in the interaction of vortical fluctuations with the shock. Upon interacting with the shock wave, the acoustic waves generate vortical fluctuations whose contribution to the far-field kinetic energy increases with increasing Mach number. The level of sound increases across the shock wave. The rise in the sound pressure level across the shock varies from 5 to 20 dB for Mach number varying from 1.5 to 5. The fluctuations behind the shock wave are nearly isentropic for Mach number less than 1.5, beyond which the generation of entropy fluctuations becomes significant.
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Cooper, Russell, and João Ejarque. "FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION AND AGGREGATE FLUCTUATIONS: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 4, no. 4 (2000): 423–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100500017016.

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We investigate the quantitative behavior of business-cycle models in which the intermediation process acts either as a source of fluctuations or as a propagator of real shocks. In neither case do we find convincing evidence that the intermediation process is an important element of aggregate fluctuations. For an economy driven by intermediation shocks, consumption is not smoother than output, investment is negatively correlated with output, variations in the capital stock are quite large, and interest rates are procyclical. The model economy thus fails to match unconditional moments for the U.S. economy. We also structurally estimate parameters of a model economy in which intermediation and productivity shocks are present, allowing for the intermediation process to propagate the real shock. The unconditional correlations are closer to those observed only when the intermediation shock is relatively unimportant.
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Shang, Jin, and Shigeyuki Hamori. "The Response of US Macroeconomic Aggregates to Price Shocks in Crude Oil vs. Natural Gas." Energies 13, no. 10 (2020): 2603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102603.

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Price fluctuations in crude oil and natural gas, as important sources of energy, have a remarkable influence on our economies and daily lives. Therefore, it is extremely important to react appropriately and to formulate appropriate policies or strategies to reduce the expected negative effects of fluctuations. However, as Kilian suggested, not all oil price shocks are similar; price increases can have diverse impacts on the real price of oil, depending on the underlying determinants of the price fluctuation. Therefore, economists, policymakers, and investors need to decompose real price shocks and evaluate the responses of macroeconomic aggregates to different types of shocks. In this study, we investigate and compare the different effects crude oil and natural gas price shocks have on US real GDP and CPI levels, utilizing a two-stage method based on a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model proposed by Kilian. We found that a crude oil specific demand shock made larger contributions to the real price of oil than a natural gas specific demand shock did to the real price of gas, and that specific demand shocks in crude oil and natural gas markets had different effects on US CPI inflation and had similar effects on the real US GDP level.
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Johnson, A. B., M. J. Rigby, M. L. G. Oldfield, R. W. Ainsworth, and M. J. Oliver. "Surface Heat Transfer Fluctuations on a Turbine Rotor Blade Due to Upstream Shock Wave Passing." Journal of Turbomachinery 111, no. 2 (1989): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3262244.

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A theoretical model to explain observed rapid large-scale surface heat transfer rate fluctuations associated with the impingement of nozzle guide vane trailing edge shock waves on a transonic turbine rotor blade is described. Experiments were carried out in the Oxford Isentropic Light Piston Cascade Tunnel using an upstream rotating bar system to simulate the shock wave passing. High-frequency surface heat transfer and pressure measurements gave rapidly varying, large, transient signals, which schlieren photography showed to be associated with the impingement of passing shock waves on the surface. Heat transfer rates varying from three times the mean value to negative quantities were measured. A simple first-order perturbation analysis of the boundary layer equations shows that the transient adiabatic heating and cooling of the boundary layer by passing shock waves and rarefactions can give rise to high-temperature gradients near the surface. This in turn leads to large conductive heat transfer rate fluctuations. The application of this theory to measured fluctuating pressure signals gave predictions of fluctuating heat transfer rates that are in good agreement with those measured. It is felt that the underlying physical mechanisms for shock-induced heat transfer fluctuations have been identified. Further work will be necessary to confirm them in rotating experiments.
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Elías, Carlos G. "Sectoral Shocks and Unemployment Rate Fluctuations." American Economist 42, no. 2 (1998): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/056943459804200206.

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In some Real Business Cycle (RBC) models it is possible to generate comovement between production of different sectors even if shocks are sector specific. Although this simulates a common feature of actual business cycles, it is not in itself evidence that business cycles are actually driven by an RBC phenomenon. In this paper, a Vector Autoregressive model is estimated. Variance decomposition analysis suggests that sectoral shocks are an important determinant of unemployment rate fluctuations. However, this does not rule out the importance of aggregate fluctuations, especially during the first year after the shock.
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Karadi, Peter, and Adam Reiff. "Menu Costs, Aggregate Fluctuations, and Large Shocks." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 11, no. 3 (2019): 111–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20160054.

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We document that the aggregate price level responds flexibly and asymmetrically to large positive and negative value-added tax changes. We present a price-setting model with menu costs, trend inflation, and fat-tailed product-level shocks that is consistent with these observations. The model predicts a flexible price-level response to standard monetary policy shocks because it anticipates a large number of firms on the verge of price adjustment and far from their optimal prices when the shock hits. (JEL E31, E32, E52, E62, H25)
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Lee, Jihoon, and Hong Chong Cho. "Impact of Structural Oil Price Shock Factors on the Gasoline Market and Macroeconomy in South Korea." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (2021): 2209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042209.

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This study decomposed shocks of the global crude oil (GCO) market and Korean gasoline (KG) market into six types using the structural vector auto-regressive model. Breaking down the shocks into six, we analyzed how each shock affects the macroeconomy and gasoline market in Korea. Results of the analysis revealed that the oil supply shock did not cause a large fluctuation in gasoline prices, but it harmed the macroeconomy. By contrast, the two shocks on the demand side of the GCO market caused a large increase in domestic gasoline prices, but they did not negatively affect the macroeconomy. Meanwhile, in the KG market, gasoline-refining shock and gasoline demand shock caused a significant increase in gasoline prices. Both shocks had some negative effects on the Korean macroeconomy at a certain point, but the effects are not as strong as the oil supply shock. However, the gasoline distribution shock in Korea rarely caused negative consequences for major macroeconomic variables. Moreover, analyzing the KG prices through historical decomposition, we found that the two demand-side factors of the GCO market and the demand shock of the KG market have had the most important influence on the gasoline price since the 2000s. From the analysis, the increase in gasoline prices in Korea since the 2000s can be inferred to have no significant negative impact on the macroeconomy. Therefore, the essential factors of price fluctuations must be focused on in analyzing domestic gasoline price and their impact on the macroeconomy.
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Beaudry, Paul, and Franck Portier. "Stock Prices, News, and Economic Fluctuations." American Economic Review 96, no. 4 (2006): 1293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.96.4.1293.

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We show that the joint behavior of stock prices and TFP favors a view of business cycles driven largely by a shock that does not affect productivity in the short run – and therefore does not look like a standard technology shock – but affects productivity with substantial delay – and therefore does not look like a monetary shock. One structural interpretation for this shock is that it represents news about future technological opportunities which is first captured in stock prices. This shock causes a boom in consumption, investment, and hours worked that precedes productivity growth by a few years, and explains about 50 percent of business cycle fluctuations.
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Lacombe, C., J. L. Steinberg, C. C. Harvey, D. Hubert, A. Mangeney, and M. Moncuquet. "Density fluctuations measured by ISEE 1-2 in the Earth's magnetosheath and the resultant scattering of radio waves." Annales Geophysicae 15, no. 4 (1997): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0387-5.

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Abstract. Radio waves undergo angular scattering when they propagate through a plasma with fluctuating density. We show how the angular scattering coefficient can be calculated as a function of the frequency spectrum of the local density fluctuations. In the Earth's magnetosheath, the ISEE 1-2 propagation experiment measured the spectral power of the density fluctuations for periods in the range 300 to 1 s, which produce most of the scattering. The resultant local angular scattering coefficient can then be calculated for the first time with realistic density fluctuation spectra, which are neither Gaussian nor power laws. We present results on the variation of the local angular scattering coefficient during two crossings of the dayside magnetosheath, from the quasi-perpendicular bow shock to the magnetopause. For a radio wave at twice the local electron plasma frequency, the scattering coefficient in the major part of the magnetosheath is b(2fp) ≃ 0.5 – 4 × 10–9 rad2/m. The scattering coefficient is about ten times stronger in a thin sheet (0.1 to1RE) just downstream of the shock ramp, and close to the magnetopause.
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Furlanetto, Francesco, and Martin Seneca. "NEW PERSPECTIVES ON DEPRECIATION SHOCKS AS A SOURCE OF BUSINESS CYCLE FLUCTUATIONS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 18, no. 6 (2013): 1209–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100512000910.

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In this paper we study the transmission of capital depreciation shocks. The existing literature in the real business cycle tradition has concluded that these shocks are irrelevant to business cycle fluctuations. We show that they are potentially important drivers of aggregate fluctuations in a new Keynesian model. Nominal rigidities and some persistence in the shock process are the key ingredients that generate co-movement across real variables.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shock fluctuations"

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Nejjar, Peter [Verfasser]. "Shock Fluctuations in KPZ Growth Models / Peter Nejjar." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079273328/34.

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Heipertz, Jonas. "Three Essays in Financial Networks and Shock Propagation." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0106.

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Depuis la crise financière, les interdépendances entre les institutions financières font partie intégrante de l’analyse et de la politique économique. Le monde entier a appris douloureusement comment des chocs relativement petits et localisés (comme la crise des subprimes aux États-Unis) peuvent se propager par le système financier à travers le monde et générer des conséquences importantes pour l’économie réelle. Depuis lors, les analyses académiques ont cherché à comprendre les caractéristiques du système financier qui déterminent le risque systémique. Le point de départ de la majorité de ces études est de considérer la structure du réseau financier comme étant donnée. Cependant, chaque jour des quantités importantes d’instruments financiers sont échangées. Cette structure change donc. Cette thèse démontre que ces ajustements endogènes jouent un rôle clé pour la transmission de chocs par les réseaux financiers. Sur le plan théorique, la thèse construit des modèles d’équilibre général qui permettent de comprendre la formation endogène des réseaux. En effet, le réseau est le résultat d’échanges d’instruments financiers entre les institutions financières. Les analyses empiriques exploitent quant-à-elles plusieurs bases de données micro- et macro-économiques pour mesurer l’importance des mécanismes théoriques. La thèse bénéficie particulièrement des bases confidentielles et détaillées de la Banque de France.Le premier chapitre fait le lien avec l’économie réelle. Il montre comment les chocs de productivité au niveau d’une entreprise peuvent se propager par le réseau financier : deux entreprises peuvent être liées par leur financement externe même si elles n’ont pas ou peu de liens par leur activité réelle. Ces liens peuvent avoir des conséquences macro-économiques. Le chapitre construit un modèle théorique multi-sectoriel de la production avec des entreprises hétérogènes qui financent une partie de leurs dépenses en émettant des titres. Ces titres de créances sont achetés par les banques qui sont contraintes de respecter un certain ratio de capitalisation. A l’équilibre, les chocs de productivité se propagent par les réseaux financiers. Le modèle est estimé et pourra également se prêter à l’étude de la régulation macro-prudentielle et la politique monétaire.Le deuxième chapitre de la thèse exploite les données désagrégées sur les avoirs et les engagements des banques. Elles permettent d’identifier et estimer un modèle d’équilibre général d’échanges d’instruments financiers. Les banques choisissent la taille et la diversification de leurs bilans. La propagation de chocs est déterminée, non pas par le montant des investissements mais par les ajustements des bilans bancaires face à ces chocs. Le réseau a les caractéristiques clés suivantes : (i) un réseau plus connecté implique moins d’amplification, (ii) l’influence d’une banque est indépendante de la taille de ses positions, (iii) les banques qui sont plus averses au risque réussissent à diminuer leur risque, mais accroissent leur influence sur les autres banques du réseau. Sur le plan empirique, le chapitre montre que la réponse endogène du réseau est deux à trois fois plus importante pour la propagation de chocs que le réseau préexistant. Le modèle estimé permet d’évaluer les effets des programmes d’achat de titres mis en place par la Banque Centrale Européenne.Le troisième chapitre conclue la thèse avec une analyse plus agrégée. Il montre d’abord que des évolutions sectorielles, comme l’expansion de l’endettement extérieur du secteur public français, ont été à l’origine de la détérioration de la position extérieure nette de la France entre 2008 et 2014. Il fournit une représentation de réseau des liens entre les secteurs institutionnels domestiques avec l’étranger et documente leurs évolutions sur la période. La propagation des chocs sectoriels à travers les détentions de titres est étudiée dans un modèle de contagion qui est estimé grâce à la méthode de moments généralisés<br>Financial inter-dependencies are since the financial crisis at the forefront of macroeconomic research and policy making. The world had painfully learned how small and localized events can travel through the global financial system with huge repercussions for the real economy. Since then, many studies have analyzed the propagation properties of given financial exposure networks. Each day, however, large amounts of financial assets are traded and financial institutions’ balance-sheets change in response to new information, regulation or monetary policy. Changes in exposures crucially affect the transmission of shocks. This thesis develops general equilibrium frameworks that show how financial networks emerge endogenously from trade in financial assets between heterogeneous institutions. I use micro and macro-level datasets including confidential data from the Banque de France to structurally identify risk-preferences, institutions' beliefs about the distribution of future financial asset returns, and the specific constraints that drive financial network formation. The thesis also derives an explicit firm-level link of financial networks to an economy's productive structure.Chapter 1 of the thesis shows how firm-level productivity shocks propagate through financial networks. If firms need external funds to finance capital expenditure, banks create linkages between them that go beyond their input-output relationships. These links can affect aggregate output. The chapter builds a multi-sector production model of heterogeneous firms that are financed by heterogeneous leverage targeting banks. Banks are themselves connected through bilateral cross-holdings. Endogenous financial asset prices introduce a new propagation channel of productivity shocks. Structural parameters such as bank-level leverage constraints determine the strength of this channel and one statistic is sufficient to capture it. I use confidential matched bank-firm-level data from the Banque de France on corporate bond investments to estimate the model. The model can be used to study macro-prudential regulation and monetary policy.Chapter 2 uses bank- and instrument-level data on asset holdings and liabilities to identify and estimate a general equilibrium model of trade in financial instruments shaping an endogenous network of interlinked banks' balance-sheets. Bilateral ties are formed as each bank selects the size and the diversification of its assets and liabilities. Shocks propagate due to the response, rather than the size, of bilateral ties to such shocks. The network exhibit key theoretical properties: (i) more connected networks lead to less amplification of partial equilibrium shocks, (ii) the influence of a bank's equity is independent of the size of its holdings; (iii) more risk-averse banks are more diversified, lowering their own volatility but increasing their influence on other banks. The structural estimation of the network model for the universe of French banks shows that the endogenous change in the network matters two to three times more than the initial network of cross-holdings for the transmission of shocks. The estimated network is used to assess the effects of the ECB's quantitative easing policy.Chapter 3 concludes the thesis with a more aggregated sector-level analysis. It first studies how the sharp deterioration of the net external portfolio position of France between 2008 and 2014 was driven by sectoral patterns such as the banking sector retrenchment and the increase in foreign liabilities of the public and corporate sectors but was mitigated by the expansion of domestic and foreign asset portfolios of insurance companies. It provides a network representation of the links between domestic sectors and the rest of the world. Sectoral shock propagation through inter-sectoral security holdings is studied in an estimated balance-sheet contagion model
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Isoard, Mathieu. "Theoretical study of quantum correlations and nonlinear fluctuations in quantum gases." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP004.

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Cette thèse est dédiée à l’étude des phénomènes non-linéaires dans deux fluides quantiques qui partagent de nombreuses similitudes : les condensats de Bose-Einstein et les “fluides de lumière”. Dans une première partie, nous étudions les analogues soniques des trous noirs. Il est possible de créer une configuration stationnaire d’un condensat de Bose-Einstein en écoulement d’une région subsonique vers une région supersonique. Ce fluide transsonique joue alors le rôle d’un trou noir puisque les ondes sonores ne peuvent s’échapper de la région supersonique. En outre, en quantifiant le champ sonore, il est possible de montrer qu’un rayonnement de Hawking analogue émerge des fluctuations quantiques du vide. Dans cette thèse, nous montrons que la prise en compte des “modes zéros” – omis jusqu’alors dans le contexte de la gravité analogue – est essentielle pour obtenir une description précise du processus de Hawking, menant alors à un excellent accord avec les résultats expérimentaux. Enfin, nous étudions l’intrication entre les différentes excitations quantiques et montrons que notre système crée de l’intrication tripartite. Dans un second temps, nous étudions la propagation des fluides non-linéaires grâce à une approche hydrodynamique et à des méthodes mathématiques développées par Riemann et Whitham. Nous étudions la structure oscillante et la dynamique des ondes de chocs dispersives qui se forment à la suite d’un déferlement. Notre approche permet de trouver des expressions analytiques simples qui décrivent les propriétés asymptotiques du choc. Cela donne accès à des paramètres d’intérêt expérimental, comme le temps de déferlement, la vitesse de l’onde de choc ou encore le contraste de ses franges<br>This thesis is dedicated to the study of nonlinear-driven phenomena in two quantum gases which bear important similarities: Bose-Einstein condensates of ultracold atomic vapors and “fluids of light”. In a first part, we study sonic analogues of black holes. In a Bose-Einstein condensate, it is possible to implement a stationary configuration with a current flowing from a subsonic region to a supersonic one. This mimics a black hole, since sonic excitations cannot escape the supersonic region. Besides, quantizing the phonon field leads to a sonic analogue of Hawking radiation. In this thesis, we show that a correct account of “zero modes” – overlooked so far in the context of analogue gravity – is essential for an accurate description of the Hawking process, and results in a excellent comparison with recent experimental data. In addition, we characterize the entanglement shared among quantum excitations and show that they exhibit tripartite entanglement. In a second part, we investigate the short and long time propagation of nonlinear fluids within a hydrodynamic framework and by means of mathematical methods developed by Riemann and Whitham. In particular, we study the oscillating structure and the dynamics of dispersive shock waves which arise after a wave breaking event. We obtain a weak shock theory, from which we can extract a quantitative description of experimentally relevant parameters, such as the wave breaking time, the velocity of the solitonic edge of the shock or the contrast of its fringes
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Souza, Marcio Watanabe Alves de. "Flutuações do choque no processo de Hammersley." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-02092014-201127/.

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No presente trabalho provamos resultados sobre as flutuações dos fluxos de partículas e das partículas marcadas no processo de Hammersley multiclasse. Os métodos das demonstrações são robustos, formulados de modo a serem aplicados em outros processos, em particular se aplicam ao processo de exclusão totalmente assimétrico multiclasse (TASEP multiclasse) e à seu respectivo modelo de percolação de última passagem. Os principais teoremas obtidos são um teorema central do limite para o choque, seu coeficiente de difusão e uma fórmula exata para a variância do fluxo de partículas de classe N >1 para o processo em equilíbrio multiclasse.<br>We prove fluctuations results concerning fluxes of particles and tagged particles on multiclass Hammersley process. The methods used are robust and apply to other processes, in particular all the proofs can be adapted to the Multiclass totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (Multiclass TASEP) and its respective last passage percolation model. The main theorems obtained are a central limit theorem for the shock, its diffusion coefficient and an exact formula for the variance of the $N$-th class particle flux in a stationary version of the multiclass process when N > 1.
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Larré, Pierre-Élie. "Fluctuations quantiques et effets non-linéaires dans les condensats de Bose-Einstein : des ondes de choc dispersives au rayonnement de Hawking acoustique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00875349.

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Cette thèse est dédiée à l'étude de l'analogue du rayonnement de Hawking dans les condensats de Bose-Einstein. Le premier chapitre présente de nouvelles configurations d'intérêt expérimental permettant de réaliser l'équivalent acoustique d'un trou noir gravitationnel dans l'écoulement d'un condensat atomique unidimensionnel. Nous donnons dans chaque cas une description analytique du profil de l'écoulement, des fluctuations quantiques associées et du spectre du rayonnement de Hawking. L'analyse des corrélations à deux corps de la densité dans l'espace des positions et des impulsions met en évidence l'émergence de signaux révélant l'effet Hawking dans nos systèmes. En démontrant une règle de somme vérifiée par la matrice densité à deux corps connexe, on montre que les corrélations à longue portée de la densité doivent être associées aux modifications diagonales de la matrice densité à deux corps lorsque l'écoulement du condensat présente un horizon acoustique. Motivés par des études expérimentales récentes de profils d'onde générés dans des condensats de polaritons en microcavité semi-conductrice, nous analysons dans un second chapitre les caractéristiques superfluides et dissipatives de l'écoulement autour d'un obstacle localisé d'un condensat de polaritons unidimensionnel obtenu par pompage incohérent. Nous examinons la réponse du condensat dans la limite des faibles perturbations et au moyen de la théorie de Whitham dans le régime non-linéaire. On identifie un régime dépendant du temps séparant deux types d'écoulement stationnaire et dissipatif : un principalement visqueux à faible vitesse et un autre caractérisé par un rayonnement de Cherenkov d'ondes de densité à grande vitesse. Nous présentons enfin des effets de polarisation obtenus en incluant le spin des polaritons dans la description du condensat et montrons dans le troisième chapitre que des effets similaires en présence d'un horizon acoustique pourraient être utilisés pour démontrer expérimentalement le rayonnement de Hawking dans les condensats de polaritons.
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Tsai, Yi-Chan. "Two Essays on Macroeconomic Shocks and Economic Fluctuations." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275488266.

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Nah, Seungho. "Essays on Market Frictions, Economic Shocks and Business Fluctuations." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1283852949.

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Aghababaie, Yashar. "Enhanced fluctuation-driven neutrino scattering behind supernova shocks." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31179.

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We describe a general formalism for computing scattering rates of weak probes in macroscopic systems, based on a density matrix formalism. We show that weak probes in general scatter off fluctuations in the medium. In the limit that the neutrino wavelength is much larger than the lengthscale of the fluctuations, we show that the scattering rate can be calculated from knowledge of the equation of state of the medium through which the neutrinos travel. Using radial profiles of a post-bounce, shocked supernova core and a well-established equation of state for nuclear matter we compute these scattering rates for various times in the vicinity of the shock. We find that, behind the shock, these correlative effects can enhance neutrino scattering rates by factors of 8 compared to standard calculations which ignore interactions in the nuclear medium. These results may have implications for how efficiently neutrinos can restart a stalled shock, although firm conclusions regarding the ultimate effects of such an enhancement await full hydrodynamic simulations, which are not performed here.
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Ruyer, Charles. "Kinetic instabilities in plasmas : from electromagnetic fluctuations to collisionless shocks". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112370/document.

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Les chocs non-collisionnels jouent un rôle majeur dans de nombreux événements astrophysiques à haute densité d'énergie (sursauts gamma, restes de supernovæ, vents de pulsar...), et seraient responsables de la génération de particules supra-thermiques et de radiations. Les simulations ont démontré qu'en l’absence de champs magnétiques externes, des instabilités électromagnétiques peuvent prendre place lors de la collision de plasmas à haute vitesse. Les instabilités du type Weibel sont en effet capables de faire croître, dans ces milieux, une turbulence électromagnétique potentiellement en mesure de défléchir et d'accélérer des particules par des processus du type Fermi. En plus d'une compréhension théorique toujours croissante, la génération expérimentale de tels chocs est maintenant étudiée à l'aide de lasers de puissance. Les fluctuations thermiques électromagnétiques constituent les germes des instabilités se développant dans un plasma. Nous nous sommes attelés à leur description dans le cas d’un plasma relativiste régi par une fonction de distribution de type Maxwell-Jüttner. Des formules exactes de la densité spectrale ont pu être obtenues pour différentes orientations du vecteur propre. Ces résultats ont pu être confrontés aux prédictions d’un code de simulation particle-in-cell (PIC). Un très bon accord a été démontré.Ces résultats ont été exploités lors d'une collaboration internationale dont le but était d'estimer le temps de saturation de l'instabilité cinétique de Weibel, générant des fluctuations magnétiques. Les estimations obtenues ont pu être validées par des simulations PIC sur trois ordres de grandeur d'énergie de dérive.Nous avons ensuite mené une étude théorique et numérique des collisions de plasma d'électrons-ions en régime non-collisionnel ayant lieu lors d'événements astrophysiques tels que les restes de supernovæ. Par-delà un intérêt académique pour la compréhension des processus de transfert/transport d’énergie au sein des plasmas, la récente génération de tels plasmas en laboratoire ouvre des perspectives inédites en astrophysique des hautes énergies. La zone de recouvrement de ces faisceaux de particules est sujette à des instabilités cinétiques du type Weibel, générant des champs magnétiques intenses.Nous avons modélisé l'évolution non-linéaire d'un système soumis à l'instabilité de Weibel, et obtenu des formules analytiques de l'évolution des paramètres plasmas (températures et vitesse de dérive) et des champs magnétiques. Le modèle prédit ainsi l’évolution du système jusqu’à un stade proche de l’isotropisation complète des populations de particules et donc jusqu'à la formation d’un choc non-collisionnel. Ce modèle, en accord avec des simulations du type « particle-in-cell », pu aussi être comparé à des résultats expérimentaux récents. L'étude de la propagation des chocs non-collisionnels, m'a permis de généraliser le précédent modèle au cas de la turbulence magnétique ayant lieu en amont du front de choc.Nous nous sommes consacrés enfin aux chocs non-collisionnels créés dans un plasma dense (opaque) irradié par un laser intense. L’interaction laser-plasma qui en résulte donne lieu à un important courant d'électrons relativistes qui sont à l’origine d’instabilités cinétiques (de filamentation notamment) susceptibles d'évoluer en choc non-collisionnel. Une observation originale, contrastant avec les premières publications sur le sujet est que pour les paramètres considérés (un laser d’éclairement ~1021 Wcm-2, interagissant avec une cible solide), le choc résulte de la turbulence magnétique produite par l’instabilité électronique, plutôt que par l’instabilité ionique (dont la croissance est plus tardive). En d’autres termes, compte tenu de l’énergie très élevée des électrons accélérés par le laser, la turbulence qu'ils génèrent s’avère assez forte pour rapidement défléchir les ions<br>Collisionless shocks play a major role in powerful astrophysical objects (e.g., gamma-ray bursts, supernova remnants, pulsar winds, etc.), where they are thought to be responsible for non-thermal particle acceleration and radiation. Numerical simulations have shown that, in the absence of an external magnetic field, these self-organizing structures originate from electromagnetic instabilities triggered by high-velocity colliding flows. These Weibel-like instabilities are indeed capable of producing the magnetic turbulence required for both efficient scattering and Fermi-type acceleration. Along with rapid advances in their theoretical understanding, intense effort is now underway to generate collisionless shocks in the laboratory using energetic lasers. In a first part we study the (w,k)-resolved electromagnetic thermal spectrum sustained by a drifting relativistic plasma. In particular, we obtain analytical formulae for the fluctuation spectra, the latter serving as seeds for growing magnetic modes in counterstreaming plasmas. Distinguishing between subluminal and supraluminal thermal fluctuations, we derived analytical formulae of their respective spectral contributions. Comparisons with particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are made, showing close agreement in the subluminal regime along with some discrepancy in the supraluminal regime. Our formulae are then used to estimate the saturation time of the Weibel instability of relativistic pair plasmas. Our predictions are shown to match 2-D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations over a three-decade range in flow energyWe then develop a predictive kinetic model of the nonlinear phase of the Weibel instability induced by two counter-streaming, symmetric and non-relativistic ion beams. This self consistent, fully analytical model allows us to follow the evolution of the beams' properties up to a stage close to complete isotropization and thus to shock formation. Its predictions are supported by 2D and 3D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of the ion Weibel instability in uniform geometries, as well as shock-relevant non-uniform configurations. Moreover, they are found in correct agreement with a recent laser-driven plasma collision experiment. Along with this comparison, we pinpoint the important role of electron screening on the ion-Weibel dynamics, which may affect the results of simulations with artificially high electron mass. We subsequently address the shock propagation resulting from the magnetic Weibel turbulence generated in the upstream region. Generalizing the previous symmetric-beam model to the upstream region of the shock, the role of the magnetic turbulence in the shock-front has been analytically and self-consistently characterized. Comparison with simulations validates the model. The interaction of high-energy, ultra-high intensity lasers with dense plasmas is known to produce copious amounts of suprathermal particles. Their acceleration and subsequent transport trigger a variety of Weibel-like electromagnetic instabilities, acting as additional sources of slowing down and scattering. Their understanding is important for the many applications based upon the energy deposition and/or field generation of laser-driven particles. We investigate the ability of relativistic-intensity laser pulses to induce Weibel instability-mediated shocks in overdense plasma targets, as first proposed by Fiuza in 2012. By means of both linear theory and 2D PIC simulations, we demonstrated that in contrast to the standard astrophysical scenario previously addressed, the early-time magnetic fluctuations (Weibel instability) generated by the suprathermal electrons (and not ions) are strong enough to isotropize the target ions and, therefore, induce a collisionless electromagnetic shock
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Brianti, Marco. "Essays in Macroeconomics:." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109064.

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Thesis advisor: Ryan A. Chahrour<br>The dissertation studies the primary sources of business-cycle fluctuations and their interaction with uncertainty and financial frictions. In my work, I examine the degree to which changes in uncertainty and financial conditions can be independent drivers of economic fluctuations; I study the sources of boom-bust cycles and whether they are linkedto credit market sentiments; and I ask how financial frictions affect economic fluctuations in terms of prices and quantities. In "Financial and Uncertainty Shocks", I separately identify financial and uncertainty shocks using a novel SVAR procedure and discuss their distinct monetary policy implications. The procedure relies on the qualitatively different responses of corporate cash holdings: after a financial shock, firms draw down their cash reserves as they lose access to external finance, while uncertainty shocks drive up cash holdings for precautionary reasons. Although both financial and uncertainty shocks are contractionary, my results show that the former are inflationary while the latter generate deflation. I rationalize this pattern in a New-Keynesian model: after a financial shock, firms increase prices to raise current liquidity; after an uncertainty shock, firms cut prices in response to falling demand. These distinct channels have stark monetary policy implications: conditional on uncertainty shocks the divine coincidence applies, while in case of financial shocks the central bank can stabilize inflation only at the cost of more unstable output fluctuations. In "What are the Sources of Boom-Bust Cycles?", joint with Vito Cormun, we provide a synthesis of two major views on economic fluctuations. One view maintains that expansions and recessions arise from the interchange of positive and negative persistent exogenous shocks to fundamentals. This is the conventional view that gave rise to the profusion of shocks used in modern dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. In contrast, a second view, which we call the endogenous cycles view, holds that business cycle fluctuations are due to forces that are internal to the economy and that endogenously favor recurrent periods of boom followed by a bust. In this environment, cycles can occur after small perturbations of the long run equilibrium. We find empirical evidence pointing at the coexistence of both views. In particular, we find that the cyclical behaviour of economic aggregates is due in part to strong internal mechanisms that generate boom-bust phenomena in response to small changes in expectations, and in part to the interchange of positive and negative persistent fundamental shocks. Motivated by our findings, we build a theory that unifies the dominant paradigm with the endogenous cycles approach. Our theory suggests that recessions and expansions are intimately related phenomena, and that understanding the nature of an expansion, whether it is driven by fundamentals or by beliefs, is a first order issue for policy makers whose mandate is to limit the occurrance of inefficient economic fluctuations. In "COVID-19 and Credit Constraints'', joint with Pierluigi Balduzzi, Emanuele Brancati, and Fabio Schiantarelli, we investigate the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the role played by credit constraints in the transmission mechanism, using a novel survey of expectations and plans of Italian firms, taken just before and after the outbreak. Most firms revise downward their expectations for sales, orders, employment, and investment, while prices are expected to increase at a faster rate, with geographical and sectoral heterogeneity in the size of the effects. Credit constraints amplify the effects on factor demand and sales of the COVID-19 generated shocks. Credit-constrained firms also expect to charge higher prices, relative to unconstrained firms. The search for and availability of liquidity is a key determinant of firms' plans. Finally, both supply and demand shocks play a role in shaping firms' expectations and plans, with supply shocks being slightly more important in the aggregate<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Economics
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Books on the topic "Shock fluctuations"

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Wen, Yi. Demand shocks and economic fluctuations. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2006.

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Toledo, Wilfredo. Sectoral shocks and economic fluctuations. Unidad de Investigaciones Económicas, Departamento de Economía, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Río Piedras, 1992.

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Braun, Helge. Supply shocks, demand shocks, and labor market fluctuations. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2007.

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Braun, Helge. Aggregate shocks and labor market fluctuations. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2006.

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Fund, International Monetary. Output fluctuations and monetary shocks: Evidence from Colombia. International Monetary Fund, Research Department, 1991.

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Clarida, Richard H. Sources of real exchange rate fluctuations: How important are nominal shocks? National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

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Trefler, Daniel. Demand shocks and equilibrium output fluctuations in a market with bargaining. Dept. of Economics and Institute for Policy Analysis, University of Toronto, 1991.

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Galí, Jordi. Technology, employment and the business cycle: Do technology shocks explain aggregate fluctuations?. Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1996.

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Starck, Christian C. Foreign and domestic shocks and fluctuations in the Finnish economy, 1960-1988. Suomen Pankki, 1990.

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Galí, Jordi. Technology, employment, and the business cycle: Do technology shocks explain aggregate fluctuations? National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Shock fluctuations"

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Jamme, S., M. Crespo, and P. Chassaing. "Thermodynamic Fluctuations Behaviour during a Sheared Turbulence/Shock Interaction." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14139-3_21.

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Tsai, Yung-Shun, Chun-Ping Chang, and Shyh-Weir Tzang. "Demographic Structure, Business Fluctuations, Tax Shock and Housing Bubbles." In Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22263-5_69.

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Goozée, Richard J., David R. Buttsworth, and Peter A. Jacobs. "Numerical Simulation of Fluctuations in a Shock Tunnel Flow." In Computational Fluid Dynamics 2002. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59334-5_92.

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Dussauge, J. P., K. C. Muck, and J. Andreopoulos. "Properties of Wall Pressure Fluctuations in a Separated Flow over a Compression Ramp." In Turbulent Shear-Layer/Shock-Wave Interactions. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82770-9_30.

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Reese, D., C. Noble, A. Ames, J. Oakley, D. Rothamer, and R. Bonazza. "The Evolution of Concentration and Velocity Fluctuations in the Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability." In 31st International Symposium on Shock Waves 1. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91020-8_80.

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Inokuma, K., S. Nishio, T. Watanabe, K. Nagata, Akihiro Sasoh, and Y. Sakai. "Measurement of Velocity Fluctuations and Overpressure of Spherical Shock Wave in Grid Turbulence." In 31st International Symposium on Shock Waves 1. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91020-8_142.

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Hussein, S. M., E. M. Blaiszik, E. Baydar, and F. K. Lu. "Velocity Fluctuations in the Interaction of Homogeneous, Isotropic Turbulence and a Detonation Wave." In 29th International Symposium on Shock Waves 1. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16835-7_44.

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Meziane, K., A. M. Hamza, M. Wilber, et al. "Effect of Shock Normal Orientation Fluctuations on Field-Aligned Beam Distributions." In Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3499-1_23.

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Bai, Y. L., M. F. Xia, Y. J. Wei, and F. J. Ke. "Non-Equilibrium Evolution of Collective Microdamage and Its Coupling with Mesoscopic Heterogeneities and Stress Fluctuations." In High-Pressure Shock Compression of Solids VI. Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0013-7_7.

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Jamme, S., M. Crespo, and P. Chassaing. "A Study of Sheared Turbulence/Shock Interaction: Velocity Fluctuations and Enstrophy Behaviour." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43489-5_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Shock fluctuations"

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Li, Li, and Yang Liu. "Money Shock and Chinese Economic Fluctuations:1996-2005." In 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2008.2310.

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Onofri, M., F. Nasuti, and M. Bongiorno. "Shock generated vortices and pressure fluctuations in propulsive nozzles." In 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-777.

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GARG, S., and G. SETTLES. "Wall pressure fluctuations beneath swept shock wave/boundary layer interactions." In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-384.

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Spangler, Steven R. "Shock-associated MHD waves: A model for interstellar density fluctuations." In AIP Conference Proceedings Volume 174. AIP, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.37578.

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Efimtsov, Boris, Nikolay Kozlov, and Anders Andersson. "Correlation characteristics of the pressure-fluctuations at shock-boundary layer interaction." In 12th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (27th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference). American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-2407.

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Sinha, Krishnendu, and Yogesh Prasaad Madras Sethuraman. "Analysis and Modeling of Thermodynamic Fluctuations Generated by Shock-Turbulence Interaction." In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-2155.

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TAN, D., and S. BOGDONOFF. "Surface pressure fluctuations in a three-dimensional shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction at various shock strengths." In 18th Fluid Dynamics and Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1562.

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Aşık, Bekir. "The Effects of Structural Shocks on Turkish Economy." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01165.

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This paper investigates the role of the real business cycle dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with different shocks for a small open economy. The main goal of this study is to compare the effects of different structural shocks on the macroeconomic fluctuations of Turkey. Different types of shocks are employed, such as temporary shocks, trend growth shocks, and world interest rate shock as driving forces. In addition to investigating the effects of different shocks, we consider the effects of working capital requirements and spread as friction. Variance decompositions are computed to assess the role of shocks in macroeconomic fluctuations. I fit the model to the data using Bayesian techniques to determine which shock has the most impact on the business cycles of Turkish economy over the period from the first quarter of 1988 to the last quarter of 2012. The main findings are: (1) output, consumption, and investment growth are mostly driven by the trend growth shocks and temporary shocks are less important. (2) Trade balance growth are driven by world interest rate shocks. (3) Real business model is not successful to replicate the some of the key features of economic fluctuations.
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Efimtsov, Boris, N. Kozlov, and Anders Andersson. "Wall pressure fluctuations in the interaction region of shock and boundary layer." In 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-801.

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"Time series analysis of shock-induced pressure fluctuations in supersonic interactive flow." In 26th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-176.

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Reports on the topic "Shock fluctuations"

1

Wen, Yi. Demand Shocks and Economic Fluctuations. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2006.011.

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Giovanni, Julian di, Andrei Levchenko, and Isabelle Mejean. Foreign Shocks as Granular Fluctuations. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28123.

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Braun, Helge, Reinout De Bock, and Riccardo DiCecio. Supply Shocks, Demand Shocks, and Labor Market Fluctuations. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2007.015.

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Braun, Helge, Reinout De Bock, and Riccardo DiCecio. Aggregate Shocks and Labor Market Fluctuations. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2006.004.

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Shapiro, Matthew. Are Cyclical Fluctuations in Productivity Due More to Supply Shocks or Demand Shocks? National Bureau of Economic Research, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2147.

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Veracierto, Marcelo. Business Cycle Fluctuations in Mirrlees Economies: The case of i.i.d. shocks. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21033/wp-2020-04.

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Khan, Aubhik, and Julia Thomas. Credit Shocks and Aggregate Fluctuations in an Economy with Production Heterogeneity. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17311.

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Clarida, Richard, and Jordi Gali. Sources of Real Exchange Rate Fluctuations: How Important are Nominal Shocks? National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4658.

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Wright, Allan, and Patrice Borda. Macroeconomic Fluctuations Under Natural Disaster Shocks in Central America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000571.

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Gali, Jordi. Technology, Employment, and the Business Cycle: Do Technology Shocks Explain Aggregate Fluctuations. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5721.

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