Academic literature on the topic 'Shoes. eng'
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Journal articles on the topic "Shoes. eng"
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Shamsieva, Makhbuba, Tulkin Kodirov, and Khilola Makhammadieva. "The Use of Esterificate for Fattening of Leather for Shoe Uppers." Engineering 11, no. 06 (2019): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2019.116024.
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ARIYOSHI, Ken, Toshio KOBAYASHI, Yasuhiro MARUYAMA, Sala Maximiliano, and Akira SHIONOYA. "Relationship between Impact Absorption of Running Shoes and EMG." Proceedings of Joint Symposium: Symposium on Sports Engineering, Symposium on Human Dynamics 2004 (2004): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmesports.2004.0_25.
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WALSH, NANCY. "Combined End Point Shows Belimumab's Strengths." Internal Medicine News 40, no. 20 (October 2007): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-8690(07)71228-3.
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Akiba, Fuminori. "Do scientific researches on artworks end up with the alteration of authorial intention?" Journal of Human Environmental Studies 3, no. 1 (2005): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4189/shes.3.1_27.
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Stefanyshyn, Darren J., Benno M. Nigg, Veronica Fisher, Barry O'Flynn, and Wen Liu. "The Influence of High Heeled Shoes on Kinematics, Kinetics, and Muscle EMG of Normal Female Gait." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 16, no. 3 (August 2000): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.16.3.309.
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The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether a graded response in gait kinematics, kinetics, and EMG occurs as shoe heel height increases. Four different shoes, including one flat shoe and three shoes with high heels, were tested in this investigation. The average heel heights of the four shoes were 1.4 cm, 3.7 cm, 5.4 cm, and 8.5 cm. Kinematics, kinetics, and muscle EMG were measured during the stance phase of gait on 13 healthy female subjects while wearing each of these 4 shoes. Systematic increases in the active vertical, propulsive, and braking forces were found as shoe height increased. Ankle and knee flexion and soleus and rectus femoris activity showed a graded response as heel height increased. One surprising result was the behavior of the maximal vertical impact force peak and the maximal loading rate during heel impact. The vertical impact force peaks and the maximal vertical loading rates were highest for the shoe with 3.7 cm heel height and lowest for the flat shoe and the shoe with heel height of 8.5 cm.
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Dyson, Sue, Alison Talbot, Holly Thomas, Richard Coomer, and Shaun McKane. "Use of egg bar shoes in horses suffering from navicular syndrome." In Practice 35, no. 8 (September 2013): 477–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inp.f5338.
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Przeslawski, Rachel. "Temporal patterns of gastropod egg mass deposition on southeastern Australian shores." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 6 (2008): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07229.
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Spawning of marine invertebrates may be affected by environmental factors (e.g. food availability, environmental stress) or intrinsic factors (e.g. phylogenetic constraints, developmental mode); intrinsic factors may obscure environmental effects. Two-year surveys of gastropod egg mass deposition were conducted at two rocky intertidal sites in south-eastern Australia to test the following hypotheses: (1) temporal patterns of spawning are more similar within taxonomic order than across orders; and (2) species with planktotrophic larvae are more likely to spawn in seasons coinciding with maximum food availability. There were no discernible effects of either order or developmental mode on spawning patterns, suggesting that spawning behaviour is unrelated to taxonomic order or larval food availability. Alternatively, low numbers of species in certain groups may have increased the risk of not detecting significant effects (type II error). Comparisons with anecdotal data from other regions suggest that developmental mode may indeed play a role in marine gastropod spawning. Criteria are provided for future comparative studies, including a direct focus on specific families and the inclusion of similar latitudes and habitats to those used here. Such studies will help to determine the roles of developmental mode, food availability and environmental stress in the evolution of egg mass deposition.
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Singh, Ashish, Mohammad Aneesh, and J. A. Ansari. "Analysis of Microstrip Line Fed Patch Antenna for Wireless Communications." Open Engineering 7, no. 1 (November 10, 2017): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2017-0034.
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AbstractIn this paper, theoretical analysis of microstrip line fed rectangular patch antenna loaded with parasitic element and split-ring resonator is presented. The proposed antenna shows that the dualband operation depends on gap between parasitic element, split-ring resonator, length and width of microstrip line. It is found that antenna resonates at two distinct resonating modes i.e., 0.9 GHz and 1.8 GHz for lower and upper resonance frequencies respectively. The antenna shows dual frequency nature with frequency ratio 2.0. The characteristics of microstrip line fed rectangular patch antenna loaded with parasitic element and split-ring resonator antenna is compared with other prototype microstrip line fed antennas. Further, the theoretical results are compared with simulated and reported experimental results, they are in close agreement.
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Glantz, Stanton A. "Pinocchio shows how to end the tobacco epidemic." Tobacco Control 21, no. 2 (February 16, 2012): 296–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.2010.040923.
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Tauscher, J., P. Rappelsberger, A. Neumeister, and S. Kasper. "EEG coherence analysis shows hypofrontality in schizophrenic patients." European Neuropsychopharmacology 6 (June 1996): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-977x(96)88138-7.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Shoes. eng"
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Silva, Glauce Gonzaga. "Análise biomecânica da marcha de mulheres com uso de sapatos com saltos em solo plano e inclinado /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97045.
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Orientador: João Alberto de OliveiraBanca: Tamotsu Hirata
Banca: Rogério Pinto Mota
Banca: Renato José Soares
Resumo: É grande o número de mulheres que faz uso de sapatos com saltos na atualidade durante várias horas por dia, sendo freqüentemente sujeitas a andarem por diversos tipos de superfícies, sejam elas planas ou inclinadas, submetendo o sistema músculoesquelético a esforços variados. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: adaptar uma esteira para realização de análise biomecânica; analisar a marcha de mulheres com uso de sapatos com saltos em comparação com a condição descalça; analisar a influência da inclinação da superfície sobre o padrão de marcha dos indivíduos e relacionar o efeito da utilização do calçado com salto com o efeito da inclinação da superfície. Uma esteira elétrica foi adaptada através da colocação de plataformas de força independentes para o pé direito e esquerdo, com o uso de 8 anéis e 32 extensômetros em localização estratégica.Um tripé e uma câmera fotográfica digital foram utilizados para a análise cinemática do joelho direito no plano sagital.Dez voluntárias jovens e saudáveis participaram do estudo, andando sobre a esteira descalças e com uso de sapatos com saltos de 5,0 cm, no plano horizontal, inclinado a 1,83° e 3,61°. Cada condição foi analisada durante 10 segundos, totalizando 60 segundos de análise de cada voluntária. A análise estatística não-paramétrica (teste de Wilcoxon) (p<0,10) demonstrou que o uso de sapatos com saltos com 5 cm de altura associado à marcha em plano horizontal e inclinado de 1,83° e 3,61° não altera o ângulo mínimo de flexão do joelho no plano sagital, porém exerce influência sobre o ângulo máximo do mesmo no plano horizontal, diminuindo-o com o uso do calçado. Foi constatado também que o uso do referido calçado apresenta relação com a velocidade da marcha de forma inversamente proporcional à inclinação da superfície, com exceção da inclinação de 3,61° com... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Actually it's large the number of women that make use of high-heeled shoes for several hours a day, often being subdued to gait different types of surfaces, smooth and/or inclined, subjecting the musculoskeletal system to a variety of efforts. The present study's intentions were: to adapt a treadmill for the biomechanical analysis; to analyze women's gait using high heels in comparison with the barefoot condition; to analyze the influence of a slope surface over the march pattern of individuals and to relate the effect of high-heeled shoes utilization with the effect of a slope surface. An electronic treadmill was adapted with the installation of independent force platforms for the right and the left foot, using 8 rings and 32 strain gages in a strategic location. These were connected trough 2 channels to the Spider 8, responsible for acquisition and processing the signals which, connected to a computer, allowed the data analysis by the Catman® 3.1 software. It was necessary the utilization of a gear motor for the high-heels gait's velocity adaptation. A tripod and a digital camera were used for kinematic analysis of the right knee in the sagittal plane. For synchronization of kinematic and kinetic data, we used a light signaling that allowed the simultaneous start of data acquisition. Ten healthy young women volunteers participated on the study, walking on the treadmill barefoot and wearing shoes with heels of 5.0 cm on the horizontal plane, inclined 1.83 ° and 3.61 °. Each condition was analyzed for 10 seconds, summarizing 60 seconds of analysis of each volunteer. The images were fragmented in Quintic Player ® software and relayed to the software ImageJ ®, through which were analyzed the angular variation. Statistical analysis Non-parametric (Wilcoxon test) by using significance p <0.10 showed that the use of shoes with with 5 cm heels associated with motion... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Maranha, Roberta Cintra. "Consórcio de exportação e a internacionalização das pequenas e médias empresas segundo a experiência italiana : um modelo para o Brasil. -." Franca : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89889.
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Farinelli, Marta Regina. "A Relação entre trabalho e educação nas indústrias de calçados de Franca-SP /." Franca : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98567.
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Orientador: José Walter CanôasBanca: Alfredo Argus
Banca: Íris Fenner Bertani
Resumo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer como se processa a relação entre o trabalho e a educação nas indústrias de calçados de Franca, considerando principalmente o momento histórico atual, de grandes mudanças decorrentes do novo modelo de organização do trabalho e da reestruturação produtiva, ou seja, de 1980 aos dias de hoje. A proposta ensejou a consulta a estudos sobre o mundo do trabalho e a educação do trabalhador com a finalidade de apreender como as relações de produção educam o trabalhador para o trabalho, destacando a influência dos valores e interesses da classe dominante nesse processo. Para maior compreensão da relação estabelecida entre trabalho e educação fez-se necessário resgatar a história de organização dos trabalhadores e sua vinculação com o processo educativo, desde suas origens até o momento atual, ressaltando a concepção da sociedade sobre a educação do trabalhador, inserindo Franca neste contexto. A análise dos dados levantados, aliada à prática profissional desenvolvida nessas indústrias, possibilitou a compreensão da trajetória do trabalhador e as formas como o mesmo foi se definindo e redefinindo dentro da organização. Permitiu, ainda, constatar que o olhar sobre o trabalhador e deste sobre si mesmo ao longo do processo histórico assume várias dimensões, estabelecendo contornos mais favoráveis ao seu desenvolvimento pessoal e social. A pesquisa de campo realizada fornece dados que indicam caminhos aos educadores que atuam na área organizacional e se deparam com novos desafios em sua jornada profissional visando contribuir com o trabalhador enquanto ator político e sujeito principal do processo de construção da sociedade.
Abstract: This study aims to know how the relationship between work and education happens at shoes factories in Franca considering, mainly, the present historical moment of great changes caused by the new organizational work model and by the production restructuring, in short, from 1980 to nowadays. The proposal included the study of researches about the work affair and the workers' education with the objetive of understanding how the production relationships educate the workers for their functions focusing on the values and interests of the dominant class in this process. For a better understanding of the relationship between work and education, it was necessary to consider the workers organization history and its connection with the educational process since its origins up to the present times, emphasizing the conception of society and the workers' education, inserting Franca in this context. The analyses of the data, together with the professional practice developed in these factories, made it possible to understand the workers' trajectory and the ways they defined and redefined themselves in these organizations. It also permitted to verify that the look on the worker and from him to himself throughout the historic process has several dimensions, stabilishing more favorable facets to the workers' personal and social development. A field research was carried out to obtain data that indicate alternatives to the educators who work in the organizational area and face new challenges in their career aiming to contribute with the workers as political beings and main subject of the society constructing process.
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Braga, Filho Helio. "Distribuição da renda entre salários e lucros na indústria de calçados de Franca de 1994 a 2002 /." Franca : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106138.
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Orientador: José Walter CanôasBanca: Vera Lúcia Navarro
Banca: Hercídia Mara Facuri Coelho
Banca: Pedro Geraldo Tosi
Banca: Mário José Filho
Resumo: A conjuntura econômica que se instalou no Brasil durante a década de 90, sobretudo a partir de 1994, imprimiu em razão da dosagem das medidas adotadas pelo governo na área da política econômica, uma nova dinâmica competitiva, marcada sobremaneira pelo intenso processo de reestruturação produtiva combinado com os efeitos produzidos pela política de estabilização dos preços, que somados ao aumento da concorrência interna e externa, e da recuperação do sistema de preços para o conjunto da economia, entre outros fatores, produziram significativos efeitos sobre a atividade produtiva e sobre o nível de emprego. As empresas, foram obrigadas para o enfrentamento deste novo cenário, a adotarem posturas mais radicais no que se relaciona aos custos da produção, sobretudo no sentido de reduzirem custos e despesas para assegurarem seus respectivos lucros. Todavia, em razão das elevadas taxas de juros e, do aumento abusivo da carga tributária sobre o produto da economia, praticados pela área econômica do governo, forçaram as empresas a cortar custos da produção para garantirem suas remunerações, de tal sorte, que o impacto destes expedientes produziu aumento do desemprego, ampliação da informalidade e compressão dos rendimentos do trabalhador, proporcionando significativo aumento do excedente econômico (lucro) em detrimento da remuneração do trabalho. Assim, procuramos examinar como se procedeu à distribuição do produto da indústria de calçados do município de Franca, entre lucros e salários, no período compreendido entre os anos de 1994 e 2002.
Abstract: The economical conjuncture that settled above all in Brazil during the decade of 90, starting from 1994, it printed in reason of the dosage of the measures adopted by the government in the area of the economical politics, the new competitive dynamics, marked excessively by the intense process of restructuring productive agreement with the effect produced by the politics of stabilization of the prices, that added to the acirramento of the competition interns and external, and of the recovery of the system of prices goes the group of the economy, among other factors, they produced significant effect on the productive activity and on the job level, the companies, they were forced for the to face of this new scenery, they adopt more radical postures with regard to the costs of the production, above all in the sense of they reduce costs and expenses for us to assure their respective profits. Though, in reason of the high interest rates and, of the abusive increase of the tax burden on the product of the economy, practiced by the government's economical area, they forced the companies to cut costs of the production for us to guarantee their remunerations, of such a luck, that the impact of these files produced increase of the unemployment, enlargement of the informality and compression of the worker's incomes, providing significant increase of the economical surplus (1 profit) to the detriment of the remuneration of the work. Like this, we tried to examine as it was proceeded to the distribution of the product of the industry of shoes of the municipal district of Franca, between profits and wages, in the period understood among the years of 1994 and 2002.
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Ozkaramanli, Deger. "Influence of Different Designs of High-Heeled Shoes on Kinematics, Kinetics, and Muscle EMG of Female Gait." Scholarly Repository, 2007. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/109.
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Many studies have investigated the differences in gait patterns with increasing heel height. The purpose of this investigation is to study the differences in gait patterns when wearing stiletto and wedge type high-heeled shoes with different heel designs versus barefoot walking. A Vicon 512 Motion Analysis system and four Kistler force plates were used to record changes in lower-extremity joint kinetics and kinematics in three conventional planes of motion. Additionally, electromyography (EMG) was used to assess differences in the behavior of selected muscles under each condition. Results showed that wearing of the high-heeled shoes increased vertical ground reaction forces during both early and late stance. Ankle dorsiflexion moment was significantly greater in stiletto type high-heeled shoes compared to wedge and barefoot conditions. A reduction in ankle plantar flexor moment and ankle power was observed between high heeled shoe conditions and barefoot walking during late stance. An increase in the integrated EMG values of soleus and gastrocnemius lateralis muscles was noted during stance, while gastrocnemius medialis integrated EMG values decreased in both type of high heeled shoes. Integrated EMG of tibialis anterior was also decreased throughout swing phase due to more plantarflexed foot position. Knee extension moment during late stance increased significantly in both shoe conditions. Additionally, rotational hip moments were significantly different in high-heeled shoes compared to barefoot condition during both early and late stance. Peak plantar/dorsiflexion angles as well as maximum knee flexion angles differed significantly during stance phase of walking between all conditions. Quadriceps activity was increased and prolonged throughout stance and full gait cycle to control knee flexion. There was a trend towards more severe biomechanical changes occurring in stiletto type high-heeled shoes in majority of the dependent variables. Future research should focus on the biomechanics of female gait using different designs of high heeled shoes considering the weight, age, and experience of the wearer. Furthermore, utilizing multi-segmental foot models in order to assess kinematic changes occurring in the entire foot segment and recruitment of triceps surae muscle group will provide more insight to instability of high-heeled gait in different designs of high heeled shoes.
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Cicero, Elaine Cristina. "A indústria de calçados de Birigui : origem, reestruturação produtiva e formação de uma economia de aglomeração /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96738.
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Orientador: Eliseu Savério SpositoBanca: Everaldo Santos Melazzo
Banca: Olga Lucia Castreghini Freitas Firkowski
Resumo: As transformações nos processos de trabalho, no consumo, nas configurações geográficas e no papel do Estado no final do século XX, abrem para uma nova fase do modo de produção industrial, na medida em que altera os pressupostos fordistas de produção. Para lidar com estas transformações, as empresas industriais passaram por processos de reestruturação produtiva, que envolveu as formas de organização da produção, as relações de trabalho, as estratégias espaciais, o papel do Estado etc. Esta pesquisa analisa as particularidades do processo de reestruturação produtiva na indústria de calçados do município de Birigüi-SP e constata que o mesmo esta permeado por mudanças inspiradas no modelo toyotista e por permanências do modelo de produção anterior. Da mesma forma, buscamos entender como surge a indústria calçadista em Birigui bem como suas articulações com o processo de desconcentração industrial no Estado de São Paulo. A história do desenvolvimento industrial na cidade mostrou que se trata de um caso típico de industrialização endógena, porém articulado com o processo de interiorização das atividades econômicas no estado. Por último, verificou-se o desenvolvimento industrial da cidade foi acompanhado pela presença de economias externas, de localização e urbanização
Abstract: The transformations in the working processes, in consumption, in geographical configurations, and in the role of the State at the end of 20th century, open a new phase of the industrial mode of production as they are changing the fordist premises about production. In order to deal with these transformations, industrial enterprises passed by processes of productive restructuring that embraced the organization of production, labor relations, spatial strategies, the role of the State, and so on. This dissertation analyses the particularities of the process of productive restructuring in the shoe industry of Birigui-State of São Paulo, Brazil. We jumped to the conclusion that this process is permeated by changes inspired by toyotist model and by features of the old model. Another goal of this work was to understand how shoe industry begun at the city, and the connections of this economic activity with the process of industrial deconcentration in the state of São Paulo. Our historical research showed that the industrial development of the city is a typical case of endogenous industrialization articulated, however, with the process of interiorization of economic activities at the State of São Paulo. Finally, we verified that the city‟s industrial development was followed by the presence of external economies of location and urbanization
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Pilkinton, Alex W. "INVESTIGATION INTO THE BARBELL BACKSQUAT COMPARING WEIGHTLIFTING SHOES TO BAREFOOT CONDITIONS." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/345.
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This present study was intended to investigate muscle activation patterns throughout the barbell back squat and determine if there are any differences found in EMG responses among individuals wearing weightlifting shoes and barefooted individuals. The hypothesis was that weightlifting shoes would generate significantly greater muscle activation patterns throughout the barbell back squat due to the rigid structure and raised heal in the shoe design. EMG patterns from six superficial lower extremity muscles were recorded from 12 subjects (means: 22.67 ± 2.39 age, 172,28 ± 14.04 cm height, 74.88 ± 16.11 kg mass), each meeting a specific inclusion criteria. Data collection occurred over three subject visits to determine one repetition maximum [1RM] (Day 1), conduct maximal contraction tests (Day 2), and finally to perform squat tests with the two footwear conditions (Day 3). Data was collected at 80% of the participants’ 1RM utilizing both weightlifting shoes and barefoot conditions, and EMG activity was recorded for data analysis. Paired-sample T-tests were calculated to check for any significant differences among footwear conditions, and 2X2 ANOVA testing was used to determine if any significant changes occurred among footwear conditions in the eccentric and concentric portions of the barbell back squat. The study found two main components. The first was that several muscles showed differences between eccentric and concentric phases in regards to average muscle activity. However, none of the observed muscles showed significant differences between the two footwear conditions in regard to EMG activity.
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Ferreira, Dalva Minonroze Albuquerque. "Análise da influência do calço e do movimento de inclinação lateral da coluna vertebral em indivíduos com escoliose idiopática /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100449.
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Orientador: José angelo BarelaBanca: Ana Maria Pellegrini
Banca: Cláudia Regina Sgobbi de Faria
Banca: Paula Hentschel Lobo da Costa
Banca: Rúben de Faria Negrão Filho
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações estáticas e dinâmicas em pacientes com escoliose idiopática na posição ortostática, sem e com inclinação lateral com restrição associadas ou não as mudanças unilaterais de calços. O grupo experimental foi constituído por pacientes com escoliose idiopática com curva dupla (³ 10°) e o grupo controle por participantes sem escoliose na mesma faixa etária (13-24 anos). Foram utilizadas três câmeras de vídeo, 18 marcadores fixados em referências anatômicas dos participantes, dois calços, de 1 e de 3 cm de altura e uma escala para restrição e padronização da inclinação lateral. As tentativas foram realizadas aleatoriamente, nas condições sem calço ou com calço baixo ou alto sob o pé direito e esquerdo e nas tarefas, estática (15 segundos) ou dinâmica (5 movimentos de inclinação lateral para direita ou esquerda). Foram calculados os ângulos posturais: alfa 1 (torácico alto), alfa 2 (torácico médio), alfa 3 (tóraco-lombar) e alfa 4 (lombar) e os ângulos segmentares: beta 1 (ombros), beta 2 (escápulas), beta 3 (pelves) e beta 4 (joelhos). Na situação estática, os grupos e os calços tiveram uma maior influência nos ângulos posturais tóracolombar e lombar e nos ângulos segmentares da pelve e do joelho. Na situação dinâmica sem calço, nenhuma diferença foi observada entre grupos, porém o calço associado aos movimentos de inclinação lateral provocou ajustes posturais compensatórios nos ângulos posturais alfas e segmentares betas, sendo que as diferenças foram maiores com o calço alto nos pacientes com escoliose, indicando um possível mecanismo corretivo. Estas alterações posturais tanto estáticas como dinâmicas, indicam a busca de uma nova organização estrutural e equilíbrio do tronco, sendo que os segmentos superiores foram mais influenciados na condição dinâmica... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate static and dynamic changes in patients with idiopathic scoliosis in the orthostatic position, with and without restricted lateral inclination associated with or not unilateral changes of shoe lifting. The experimental group was constituted by patients with idiopathic scoliosis with double curve (³ 10°) and the control group by participants without scoliosis with the same age (13-24 years). Three video cameras were used, with 18 markers fixed on the participants' anatomical references, along with two shoe lifts, 1 and 3 cm of height, and a scale for restriction and standardization of the lateral inclination. The trails were accomplished randomly, in the conditions without or with shoe lift (low or high) under the right and left foot and in the tasks, static (15 seconds) or dynamic (5 movements of lateral inclination for right or left). Postural angles: alpha 1 (thoracic high), alpha 2 (thoracic medium), alpha 3 (thoracolumbar) and alpha 4 (lumbar); and segmental angles: beta 1 (shoulders), beta 2 (scapulas), beta 3 (pelvis) and beta 4 (knees) were calculated. In the static condition, group and shoe lift mostly influenced the postural angles, thoracic-lumbar and lumbar, and the segmental angles of the pelvis and knee. In the dynamic condition without shoe lift, no difference was observed between groups, however, with shoe lift.and lateral inclination compensatory postural adjustments were observed in the postural alpha angles and segmental beta angles, with the largest differences observed in the condition with the high shoe lifting in the patients with scoliosis, indicating a possible corrective mechanism. These, static and dynamics, postural changes suggest a new structural organization and equilibrium of the trunk, with the trunk upper segments being the ones more influenced by the dynamic condition with low and high shoe lifting whereas... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Farinelli, Marta Regina. "Instituto Atende - Consultoria em Desenvolvimento Humano : a construção de um espaço profissional alternativo nas organizações de calçados de Franca - SP /." Franca : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106093.
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Orientador: José Walter CanôasBanca: Alfredo Argus
Banca: Edna Maria Campanhol
Banca: Mário José Filho
Banca: Cláudia Maria Daher Cosac
Resumo: O estudo da formas viáveis para enfrentar concretamente a dimensão sócio - educativa no interior da Indústria de Calçados de Franca - SP, aproveitando as contradições existentes na relação trabalho - educação e rompendo com seu círculo de dominação é uma tarefa política da maior relevância e torna-se um grande desafio a ser assumido coletivamente pelos trabalhadores e demais profissionais comprometidos com seus interesses. Refletir sobre as alternativas e possibilidades de viabilização de projetos profissionais comprometidos com a classe trabalhadora, bem como avaliar a prática cotidiana da pesquisadora no desempenho profissional constituem a pretensão deste trabalho. A pesquisadora possui consciência de que estes objetivos são ambiciosos, tendo em vista que o trabalhador ao vender sua força de trabalho por um valor aquém de suas necessidades submete-se à dominação exercida na relação capital-trabalho. Optou-se por estudo da organização Indústria de Calçados Kissol Ltda,utilizando da investigação qualitativa, grupo focal e posterior análise de conteúdo. Conclui-se que embora os limites determinados pelo cenário contemporâneo em que o trabalho aliena, explora e desvaloriza o potencial humano a pesquisa de campo forneceu dados que indicam caminhos de possibilidades para o Assistente Social e demais profissionais que atuam na área organizacional a construção de propostas socioeducativas e interdisciplinar inovadoras que permitem ao trabalhador e à trabalhadora compreenderem o contexto organizacional no novo modelo de produção, ampliarem conceitos e conhecimentos do cotidiano e gerar mudanças nas diversas dimensões da vida. Revelou, também, formas viáveis para enfrentar concretamente o ritmo das mudanças decorrentes do processo de globalização.
Abstract: The study of viable ways to specifically face the dimension socio-educational in the interior of the Shoe Industry in Franca- SP, using the existent contradictions of work-education relation and breaking its domination circle is a most relevant political task and turns out to be a great challenge to be collectively assumed by workers and other professionals committed with their interests. To reflect on the alternatives and possibilities of viability of professional projects committed with the working class, as well evaluate the researcher's daily practice on professional performance are the pretension of this paper. The researcher is aware that these objectives are ambitious, once the worker, by selling his work force for less than necessary for his needs, submit him/herself to the domination exercised within the capital-work relation. It was chosen the study of the organization Indústria de Calçados Kissol Ltda, making use of quality investigation, focused group and posterior content analysis. It was concluded that although the limits determined by the contemporary scenery in which work alienates, exploits and devalues the human potential, the field research provided data that indicate ways of possibilities for the Social Assistant and other professionals that work in the organizational area, the construction of innovative socio-educational and interdisciplinary proposes that allow the worker comprehend the organizational context in the new production model, widen concepts and daily knowledge and make changes in the various dimensions of life. It revealed, also, viable ways to specifically face the rhythm of changes due to the globalization process.
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MacRae, Catharine Sian. "The effectiveness of rocker sole shoes in chronic low back pain." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-effectiveness-of-rocker-sole-shoes-in-chronic-low-back-pain(f5e40434-d684-44a5-9cb4-56349404fd42).html.
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Shoes with a rocker sole are marketed as reducing low back pain. There is minimal evidence to support these claims. This investigation compared rocker sole shoes to flat sole shoes in people with chronic low back pain (CLBP). The thesis reports findings of a randomised clinical trial and a series of biomechanical experiments. Following preparatory pilot and reliability studies, 115 people with CLBP were randomised to wear rocker sole shoes or flat sole shoes; all participants attended an exercise and education programme. Participants were assessed without knowledge of group allocation pre-randomisation, at six weeks, six months, and one year (main outcome point). Primary outcome was the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Analysis was by intention-to-treat. Biomechanical experiments recruited 20 participants from the main study and investigated effects of wearing rocker sole and flat sole shoes on standing balance and gait, immediately and after 6 months of shoe wear, using centre of pressure and motion-analysis derived kinetic, kinematic and spatio-temporal measures. Balance and gait in people with and age-and gender-matched controls without CLBP were compared. Rocker sole shoes were no more beneficial than flat sole shoes for CLBP patients; flat sole shoes were more beneficial in a sub-group of CLBP aggravated by standing or walking. Biomechanical studies found rocker sole shoes introduced immediately greater postural instability than flat sole shoes but neither shoe had long-term training effects on postural control. Furthermore, although both shoes resulted in small immediate changes in kinetic, kinematic and spatio-temporal parameters of shod gait, neither shoe had long-term training effects on these parameters in barefoot gait. Finally, in contrast to some previous research, postural control during standing, and kinetics, kinematic, and spatio-temporal parameters during gait were similar between people with and without CLBP.
Books on the topic "Shoes. eng"
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Sorrowful shores: Violence, ethnicity, and the end of the Ottoman Empire, 1912-1923. New York, N.Y: Oxford University Press, 2009.
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Vivier, Roger. Roger Vivier: 22.03.-02.11.2014 : Schuhwerke = Schatten van schoenen : Nederlands Leder en Schoenen Museum Waalwijk, 20.02.-28.06.2015. Offenbach: DLM, Deutsches Ledermuseum Schuhmuseum, 2014.
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Viets, Elaine. Half-price homicide: A dead-end job mystery. New York: Obsidian/New American Library, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Shoes. eng"
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Cox, Michael. "Intraoperative Cholangiogram Shows <1 cm Stone at the Lower End." In Dilemmas in Abdominal Surgery, 167–76. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429198359-33.
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Vernillo, Paola. "Grounding Abstract Concepts in Action." In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 167–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69823-2_8.
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AbstractSensory-motor information is linguistically encoded by action verbs. Such verbs are not only used to express action concepts and events, but they are also pervasively exploited in the linguistic representation of abstract concepts and figurative meanings. In the light of several theoretical approaches (i.e., Embodied Theories, Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Image Schema Theory), this paper analyzes the mechanisms that enable action verbs to acquire abstract meanings and that motivate the symmetries (or asymmetries) in the semantic variations of locally equivalent verbs (e.g., premere and spingere; Eng., to press and to push). The research is carried out within the IMAGACT framework and focuses on a set of four Italian action verbs encoding force (i.e., premere, spingere, tirare, and trascinare; Eng., to press, to push, to pull, and to drag). The results confirm that metaphorical extensions of action verbs are constrained by the image schemas involved in the core meaning of the verbs. Additionally, the paper shows that these image schemas are responsible for the asymmetries in the metaphorical variation of action verbs pertaining to the same semantic class (i.e., force).
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Gega, Paola, Mingya Liu, and Lucas Bechberger. "Numerical Concepts in Context." In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 93–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69823-2_5.
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AbstractNumerical concepts are an integral part of everyday conversation and communication. Expressions relating to numbers in natural language can have precise or imprecise interpretations. While the precise interpretation most prominently appears in mathematical contexts, the imprecise interpretation seems to arise when numbers (as quantities) are applied to real world contexts (e.g., the rope is 50 m long). Earlier literature shows that the (im)precise interpretation can depend on different factors, e.g., the kind of approximator a numeral appears with (precise vs. imprecise, e.g., exactly vs. roughly) or the kind of numeral itself (round vs. non-round, e.g., 50 vs. 47). We report on a corpus-linguistic study and a rating experiment of English numerical expressions. The results confirm the effects of both factors and additionally an effect of the kind of unit (discrete vs. continuous, e.g., people vs. meters). This shows the contextual variability in the interpretation of numerical concepts in natural language.
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"Anticipating the promised end: magical discontinuity in A Midsummer Night’s Dream." In Enchanted Shows, 91–137. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315305912-4.
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Wallenberg, Louise. "Men in boots: on spectacular masculinity and its desublimation." In Shoe Reels, 148–65. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474451406.003.0013.
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The proposed essay focuses on a piece of costume that is often both dirty and worn out: the man’s leather boot. The boot has been a constant in cinema, appearing first in Westerns films made at the beginning of the 20th century. As an iconic piece of male costume, the boot has populated male-oriented genres, signaling either masculinity en masse (as in war films), or a kind of masculinity closer to nature and to animals than to civilization (as in the Western film). Departing from earlier scholarship on masculinity as spectacle (e.g. Tasker; Holmlund), and engaging in textual analysis, this essay investigates how the boot, as a hyper male piece of costume, can be read as a masquerading prop, and as a tool for hiding (what is not there). Films to be analyzed include Lives of A Bengal Lancer (Henry Hathaway, 1935); Picnic (Joshua Logan, 1955); Midnight Cowboy (Johan Schlesinger, 1969); and Blaze (Ron Shelton, 1989).
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"The End of Shops? A Fable or Reality?" In The End of Shops, 159–72. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315616070-11.
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"New Concepts, New Opportunities: You Can’t Change the Past, but You Can Change the Future!" In The End of Shops, 135–58. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315616070-10.
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"Introduction." In The End of Shops, 13–14. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315616070-4.
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"The End of Shops? Why It Is No Longer Necessary to Go to a Shop!" In The End of Shops, 15–22. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315616070-5.
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"The New Buying Behaviour: The Consumer of Today." In The End of Shops, 23–46. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315616070-6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Shoes. eng"
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Frontoni, Emanuele, Adriano Mancini, Primo Zingaretti, and Andrea Gatto. "Energy Harvesting for Smart Shoes: A Real Life Application." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12310.
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Advanced technical developments have increased the efficiency of devices in capturing trace amounts of energy from the environment (such as from human movements) and transforming them into electrical energy (e.g., to instantly charge mobile devices). In addition, advancements in microprocessor technology have increased power efficiency, effectively reducing power consumption requirements. In combination, these developments have sparked interest in the engineering community to develop more and more applications that utilize energy harvesting for power. The approach here described aims to designing and manufacturing an innovative easy-to-use and general-purpose device for energy harvesting in general purpose shoes. The novelty of this device is the integration of polymer and ceramic piezomaterials accomplished by injection molding. In this spirit, this paper examines different devices that can be built into a shoe, (where excess energy is readily harvested) and used for generating electrical power while walking. A Main purpose is the development of an indoor localization system embedded in shoes that periodically broadcasts a digital RFID as the bearer walks. Results are encouraging and real life test are conducted on the first series of prototypes.
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LUCA, Alexandra, David SANCHEZ DOMENE, and Francisca ARAN AIS. "Life Cycle Assessment of Two Alternative End-of-life Scenarios for Leather Safety Shoes." In The 7th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2018.xi.6.
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Pyo, Changmin, Sungwoo Park, Namhoon Kim, Junghoon Kwon, and Kunwoo Lee. "Computer-Aided Analysis of Muscular Movement of Lower Limbs and Gait Change When Walking With Unstable Shoes." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-69033.
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Several healthcare products have been developed and marketed in recent times as a result of people’s growing interest in personal health. Unstable shoes have been introduced to revitalize the muscles of the lower limbs and to modify the gait posture while walking. However, healthcare products for people should first be proved functional and safe, as some of those can sometimes result in severe injuries and side effects. Certification is, therefore, necessary in the case of unstable shoes. In this study, the functionality of unstable shoes was analyzed; it was proved that difference in pressure distribution resulting from the shape of the unstable shoes helps strengthen the muscles of the lower limbs. These analyses focused on the activation of the muscles by employing EMG (Electromyography). However, the approach involving EMG cannot carry out measurements on hidden muscles, and the noise involved is a source of potential error; therefore, this study utilizes the simulation software SIMM (Software for Interactive Musculoskeletal Modeling) for this purpose. We performed a biomechanical study using a full-body musculoskeletal model. Using the captured 3D motion data and ground reaction forces data, kinetic data was calculated in order to determine its influence on the adjacent segments. We captured the movements of six volunteers, all males in their twenties. The volunteers wore both unstable and normal shoes during each trial. This study focuses on the activation of muscles of the lower limbs when wearing unstable shoes. We inspected the muscles and analyzed the disparities between unstable and normal shoes. We observed from experimental results that most muscles of the lower limbs were revitalized. Further, we observed an improvement in the gait posture after unstable shoes were used for a period of 12 weeks. This analysis of inner muscles that cannot be examined by direct methods can help consumers make informed choices regarding healthcare products. Such analysis is made possible by simulation programs such as SIMM.
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Rajkishore Prasad, Hovagim Bakardjian, A. Cichocki, and F. Matsuno. "Source localization with EEG data for BP shows major activities in the frontal areas of the brain." In SICE Annual Conference 2007. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sice.2007.4421087.
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Wachtel, SeanWolfgang, Breanna Hassett, Zhi Qiao, Prudhvi Tej Chinimilli, and Wenlong Zhang. "Design and Characterization of Shoe Embedded Pressure Sensors for Gait Analysis and Rehabilitation." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3424.
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In clinical gait therapy, the quality of gait analysis is critical for developing a training plan and monitoring patient progress. Ground contact forces (GCFs) are often recorded to estimate joint torques which can quantify a patient’s needs and strength development. They are also useful in designing and controlling rehabilitative and assistive devices. In clinical gait analysis, force plates are used to measure GCFs objectively and precisely [1, 2]. Currently, forces sensitive resistors (FSR) are often used as a mobile platform to measure GCFs. FSR based platforms exhibit considerable hysteresis and have low durability, some requiring replacement after only 5-hour long uses. As an alternative to FSR, a pair of sensor-embedded shoes (smart shoes) relying on air pressure sensors has been presented in previous research [3]. Some details regarding the precise characteristics of the sensing abilities were unknown, though, generating unanticipated errors during use. In this paper, the sensing units of wireless smart shoes are characterized and tested to verify their capability to provide real-time and accurate GCF measurements. For the prototype, silicon tubes were sealed on one end, wound into coils, secured to the underside of the shoe’s insole at four points of interest (heel, toe, the first and fourth metatarsophalangeal joint) routed outside the shoe, and their open ends are connected to air pressure sensors as shown in Fig. 1(a). The pressure sensors were placed on a circuit board along with a battery and microcontroller responsible for reading sensor outputs and wirelessly communicating data to a nearby device, as shown in Fig. 1(c). The sensing unit on the lateral side of the shoe is 1.2″ × 1.3″ × 3.95″. A series of calibration tests were first performed on the tube-insole subsystem in isolation to test linearity, repeatability, and hysteresis. Then practical experiments were performed on a healthy subject to determine the accuracy of GCF measurement. A previously presented hysteresis filter was implemented in practical testing [4].
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Pantazi-Bajenaru, Mirela, Enrique Montiel Parreno, Traian Foiasi, and Dana Gurau. "REWEART - A 100% real circular economy manufacturing process for vegan-organic-recycled footwear." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iv.17.
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The negative impact on the environment caused by the current production of over 23,000 million pairs of shoes each year, either due to the consumption of huge quantities of raw materials or due to the thousands of tons of waste generated, is a sufficient reason to conceive a new type of shoe making process. The predominant manufacturing methods and the many components that the shoe contains make it impossible to recycle, due to the high complexity involved in separating materials. Once they reach the end of their life cycle, they inevitably end up in a landfill, generating a large amount of waste. REWEART is a footwear manufacturing project that is capable of producing sustainable goods based on a circular economy, co-financed by the European Commission through the LIFE program. REWEART aims to make vegan shoes with accessories made from recycled and organic materials, with 90% less energy and almost zero waste. REWEART wants to provide a tool to avoid the generation of waste in footwear consumption and to offer the footwear industry an alternative model of circular production to reduce energy consumption and to stop the destructive and unsustainable production of footwear.
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Ewers, L., M. Petersen, A. Ruder, G. Burroughs, G. Ernest, and N. Sweet. "174. A Field Evaluation of a New End-Exhaled Breath Method to Evaluate Solvent Exposure in Dry-Cleaning Shops." In AIHce 2000. AIHA, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2763504.
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Farmer, Edward J. "If You Can’t See It You Can’t Detect It." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64672.
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Fundamental to all process monitoring and control is observability, the quality that the state of a system (e.g., a pipeline leaking or not leaking) is actually discernable from the measurements available. Here are four examples of how measurement issues obliterated productive monitoring. In one example a transient phase change in a process loop results in gross mis-measurement at one end. A second example illustrates that buying a flow meter does not always result in flow measurement. A third example shows a pipeline in which the readings at one end show absolutely no relationship to the other. The fourth example shows a pipeline that appears to be leaking at one end but fine at the other. The concept of observability provides some structure for thinking through these situations and developing solutions.
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Schaller, Marcus, Seyed Mostafa Rezayat Sorkhabadi, and Wenlong Zhang. "Robotic Shoe: An Ankle Assistive Device for Gait Plantar Flexion Assistance." In 2020 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2020-9058.
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Abstract Gait disorders can be attributed to a variety of factors including aging, injury, and neurological disorders. A common disorder involves the ankle push-off phase of an individual’s gait, which is vital to their ability to walk and propel themselves forward. During the ankle push-off stage, plantar flexor muscles are required to provide a large amount of torque to propel the heel off the ground, thus a condition that compromises the strength of these muscles can greatly affect one’s walking ability. In order to rectify these issues, Ankle-Foot Orthoses (AFO) are used to provide support to a user’s ankle and assist with the force needed for heel off. This article introduces a robotic AFO which was developed with the intent of aiding during the heel-off stage. The proposed design utilizes the user’s body weight to extend constant force springs positioned parallel to the calf to replicate the muscular force generated in plantar flexion. The extended spring is held in place using a ratcheting mechanism which is released with a solenoid during heel up. Similar research has been conducted in which assistive AFO’s have been created, however little research has investigated the use of constant force springs in such devices. A healthy user tested the device on a treadmill and surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors were placed on the user’s plantar flexor muscles to monitor potential reductions in muscular activity resulting from the assistance provided by the AFO device. The data demonstrates the robotic shoe was able to assist during the heel-off stage and reduced activation in the plantar flexor muscles was evident from the EMG data collected.
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Liu, Hu Ran. "Curve-Curve Contact in 5-Axis NC Machining of Sculptured Surfaces Using Flat-End Cutter." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68337.
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The concept of “contact” in differential geometry is creatively applied into the machining of the sculptured surface; the contact principle of the machining of complicated surfaces is presented. The circumference circle of the cylindrical cutter instead of ball-end milling cutter is used to sweep the curved surface. This is the highly effective method. In this paper an innovative theory for machining complicated surface is presented. By using a flat-end mill instead of ball-end mill, and by adjusting the axis of cutter relative to the surface, the two surfaces, the swept surface and the required surface, have the same curvatures, up to as high as 3rd order. It shows how aspects of 5-axos machining can be achieved through 3-axis methods. This is useful as not all shops can afford 5-axis machining.
Reports on the topic "Shoes. eng"
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Salazar, Lina, Ana Claudia Palacios, Michael Selvaraj, and Frank Montenegro. Using Satellite Images to Measure Crop Productivity: Long-Term Impact Assessment of a Randomized Technology Adoption Program in the Dominican Republic. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003604.
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This study combines three rounds of surveys with remote sensing to measure long-term impacts of a randomized irrigation program in the Dominican Republic. Specifically, Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 satellite images are used to measure the causal effects of the program on agricultural productivity, measured through vegetation indices (NDVI and OSAVI). To this end, 377 plots were analyzed (129 treated and 248 controls) for the period from 2011 to 2019. Following a Differencein-Differences (DD) and Event study methodology, the results confirmed that program beneficiaries have higher vegetation indices, and therefore experienced a higher productivity throughout the post-treatment period. Also, there is some evidence of spillover effects to neighboring farmers. Furthermore, the Event Study model shows that productivity impacts are obtained in the third year after the adoption takes place. These findings suggest that adoption of irrigation technologies can be a long and complex process that requires time to generate productivity impacts. In a more general sense, this study reveals the great potential that exists in combining field data with remote sensing information to assess long-term impacts of agricultural programs on agricultural productivity.
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Bobashev, Georgiy, John Holloway, Eric Solano, and Boris Gutkin. A Control Theory Model of Smoking. RTI Press, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.op.0040.1706.
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We present a heuristic control theory model that describes smoking under restricted and unrestricted access to cigarettes. The model is based on the allostasis theory and uses a formal representation of a multiscale opponent process. The model simulates smoking behavior of an individual and produces both short-term (“loading up” after not smoking for a while) and long-term smoking patterns (e.g., gradual transition from a few cigarettes to one pack a day). By introducing a formal representation of withdrawal- and craving-like processes, the model produces gradual increases over time in withdrawal- and craving-like signals associated with abstinence and shows that after 3 months of abstinence, craving disappears. The model was programmed as a computer application allowing users to select simulation scenarios. The application links images of brain regions that are activated during the binge/intoxication, withdrawal, or craving with corresponding simulated states. The model was calibrated to represent smoking patterns described in peer-reviewed literature; however, it is generic enough to be adapted to other drugs, including cocaine and opioids. Although the model does not mechanistically describe specific neurobiological processes, it can be useful in prevention and treatment practices as an illustration of drug-using behaviors and expected dynamics of withdrawal and craving during abstinence.
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Quak, Evert-Jan. K4D’s Work on the Indirect Impacts of COVID-19 in Low- and Middle- Income Countries. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.093.
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This report is not an in-depth nor exhaustive analysis of the many indirect impacts of the pandemic on LMICs. The content is purely based on the requests from FCDO to the K4D services on this topic, and as such can only give an illustrative overview of the findings from these requests. Furthermore, insights are also taken from the data that K4D collects for each request based on the information provided by advisers and FCDO (e.g. purpose of the request, adviser’s cadre), hence, the data is limited to the information available to the K4D team at the time of the request and the level of details available may vary from one request to the other. The selection of relevant K4D outputs on the pandemic’s indirect impacts was based on an extensive search in the K4D repository on titles and research questions. The Annex shows all K4D outputs included in this report. The purpose of this report is to inform FCDO about some of the specifics of their requests on the indirect impacts of COVID-19, in general. This report will also be used as input for a K4D-FCDO learning event that takes place on the 6th of July 2021. During the event learning and evidence, trends will be discussed and how evidence and learning informed decision-making on policy and programming.
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Malej, Matt, and Fengyan Shi. Suppressing the pressure-source instability in modeling deep-draft vessels with low under-keel clearance in FUNWAVE-TVD. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40639.
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This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) documents the development through verification and validation of three instability-suppressing mechanisms in FUNWAVE-TVD, a Boussinesq-type numerical wave model, when modeling deep-draft vessels with a low under-keel clearance (UKC). Many large commercial ports and channels (e.g., Houston Ship Channel, Galveston, US Army Corps of Engineers [USACE]) are traveled and affected by tens of thousands of commercial vessel passages per year. In a series of recent projects undertaken for the Galveston District (USACE), it was discovered that when deep-draft vessels are modeled using pressure-source mechanisms, they can suffer from model instabilities when low UKC is employed (e.g., vessel draft of 12 m¹ in a channel of 15 m or less of depth), rendering a simulation unstable and obsolete. As an increasingly large number of deep-draft vessels are put into service, this problem is becoming more severe. This presents an operational challenge when modeling large container-type vessels in busy shipping channels, as these often will come as close as 1 m to the bottom of the channel, or even touch the bottom. This behavior would subsequently exhibit a numerical discontinuity in a given model and could severely limit the sample size of modeled vessels. This CHETN outlines a robust approach to suppressing such instability without compromising the integrity of the far-field vessel wave/wake solution. The three methods developed in this study aim to suppress high-frequency spikes generated nearfield of a vessel. They are a shock-capturing method, a friction method, and a viscosity method, respectively. The tests show that the combined shock-capturing and friction method is the most effective method to suppress the local high-frequency noises, while not affecting the far-field solution. A strong test, in which the target draft is larger than the channel depth, shows that there are no high-frequency noises generated in the case of ship squat as long as the shock-capturing method is used.
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Quak, Evert-jan. The Link Between Demography and Labour Markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.011.
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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how demography affects labour markets (e.g. entrants, including youth and women) and labour market outcomes (e.g. capital-per-worker, life-cycle labour supply, human capital investments) in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the key findings is that the fast-growing population in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to affect the ability to get productive jobs and in turn economic growth. This normally happens when workers move from traditional (low productivity agriculture and household businesses) sectors into higher productivity sectors in manufacturing and services. In theory the literature shows that lower dependency ratios (share of the non-working age population) should increase output per capita if labour force participation rates among the working age population remain unchanged. If output per worker stays constant, then a decline in dependency ratio would lead to a rise in income per capita. Macro simulation models for sub-Saharan Africa estimate that capital per worker will remain low due to consistently low savings for at least the next decades, even in the low fertility scenario. Sub-Saharan African countries seem too poor for a quick rise in savings. As such, it is unlikely that a lower dependency ratio will initiate a dramatic increase in labour productivity. The literature notes the gender implications on labour markets. Most women combine unpaid care for children with informal and low productive work in agriculture or family enterprises. Large family sizes reduce their productive labour years significantly, estimated at a reduction of 1.9 years of productive participation per woman for each child, that complicates their move into more productive work (if available). If the transition from high fertility to low fertility is permanent and can be established in a relatively short-term period, there are long-run effects on female labour participation, and the gains in income per capita will be permanent. As such from the literature it is clear that the effect of higher female wages on female labour participation works to a large extent through reductions in fertility.
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Böhm, Franziska, Ingrid Jerve Ramsøy, and Brigitte Suter. Norms and Values in Refugee Resettlement: A Literature Review of Resettlement to the EU. Malmö University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771776.
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As a result of the refugee reception crisis in 2015 the advocacy for increasing resettlement numbers in the overall refugee protection framework has gained momentum, as has research on resettlement to the EU. While the UNHCR purports resettlement as a durable solution for the international protection of refugees, resettlement programmes to the European Union are seen as a pillar of the external dimension of the EU’s asylum and migration policies and management. This paper presents and discusses the literature regarding the value transmissions taking place within these programmes. It reviews literature on the European resettlement process – ranging from the selection of refugees to be resettled, the information and training they receive prior to travelling to their new country of residence, their reception upon arrival, their placement and dispersal in the receiving state, as well as programs of private and community sponsorship. The literature shows that even if resettlement can be considered an external dimension of European migration policy, this process does not end at the border. Rather, resettlement entails particular forms of reception, placement and dispersal as well as integration practices that refugees are confronted with once they arrive in their resettlement country. These practices should thus be understood in the context of the resettlement regime as a whole. In this paper we map out where and how values (here understood as ideas about how something should be) and norms (expectations or rules that are socially enforced) are transmitted within this regime. ‘Value transmission’ is here understood in a broad sense, taking into account the values that are directly transmitted through information and education programmes, as well as those informing practices and actors’ decisions. Identifying how norms and values figure in the resettlement regime aid us in further understanding decision making processes, policy making, and the on-the-ground work of practitioners that influence refugees’ lives. An important finding in this literature review is that vulnerability is a central notion in international refugee protection, and even more so in resettlement. Ideas and practices regarding vulnerability are, throughout the resettlement regime, in continuous tension with those of security, integration, and of refugees’ own agency. The literature review and our discussion serve as a point of departure for developing further investigations into the external dimension of value transmission, which in turn can add insights into the role of norms and values in the making and un-making of (external) boundaries/borders.
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Chapman, Ray, Phu Luong, Sung-Chan Kim, and Earl Hayter. Development of three-dimensional wetting and drying algorithm for the Geophysical Scale Transport Multi-Block Hydrodynamic Sediment and Water Quality Transport Modeling System (GSMB). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41085.
Full textAbstract:
The Environmental Laboratory (EL) and the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) have jointly completed a number of large-scale hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport studies. EL and CHL have successfully executed these studies utilizing the Geophysical Scale Transport Modeling System (GSMB). The model framework of GSMB is composed of multiple process models as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows that the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) accepted wave, hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport models are directly and indirectly linked within the GSMB framework. The components of GSMB are the two-dimensional (2D) deep-water wave action model (WAM) (Komen et al. 1994, Jensen et al. 2012), data from meteorological model (MET) (e.g., Saha et al. 2010 - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/2010BAMS3001.1), shallow water wave models (STWAVE) (Smith et al. 1999), Coastal Modeling System wave (CMS-WAVE) (Lin et al. 2008), the large-scale, unstructured two-dimensional Advanced Circulation (2D ADCIRC) hydrodynamic model (http://www.adcirc.org), and the regional scale models, Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three dimensions-Multi-Block (CH3D-MB) (Luong and Chapman 2009), which is the multi-block (MB) version of Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three-dimensions-Waterways Experiments Station (CH3D-WES) (Chapman et al. 1996, Chapman et al. 2009), MB CH3D-SEDZLJ sediment transport model (Hayter et al. 2012), and CE-QUAL Management - ICM water quality model (Bunch et al. 2003, Cerco and Cole 1994). Task 1 of the DOER project, “Modeling Transport in Wetting/Drying and Vegetated Regions,” is to implement and test three-dimensional (3D) wetting and drying (W/D) within GSMB. This technical note describes the methods and results of Task 1. The original W/D routines were restricted to a single vertical layer or depth-averaged simulations. In order to retain the required 3D or multi-layer capability of MB-CH3D, a multi-block version with variable block layers was developed (Chapman and Luong 2009). This approach requires a combination of grid decomposition, MB, and Message Passing Interface (MPI) communication (Snir et al. 1998). The MB single layer W/D has demonstrated itself as an effective tool in hyper-tide environments, such as Cook Inlet, Alaska (Hayter et al. 2012). The code modifications, implementation, and testing of a fully 3D W/D are described in the following sections of this technical note.
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Jorgensen, Frieda, Andre Charlett, Craig Swift, Anais Painset, and Nicolae Corcionivoschi. A survey of the levels of Campylobacter spp. contamination and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance determinants in fresh whole UK-produced chilled chickens at retail sale (non-major retailers). Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xls618.
Full textAbstract:
Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle for this organism. The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) agreed with industry to reduce Campylobacter spp. contamination in raw chicken and issued a target to reduce the prevalence of the most contaminated chickens (those with more than 1000 cfu per g chicken neck skin) to below 10 % at the end of the slaughter process, initially by 2016. To help monitor progress, a series of UK-wide surveys were undertaken to determine the levels of Campylobacter spp. on whole UK-produced, fresh chicken at retail sale in the UK. The data obtained for the first four years was reported in FSA projects FS241044 (2014/15) and FS102121 (2015 to 2018). The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated raw whole retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target. This report presents results from testing chickens from non-major retailer stores (only) in a fifth survey year from 2018 to 2019. In line with previous practise, samples were collected from stores distributed throughout the UK (in proportion to the population size of each country). Testing was performed by two laboratories - a Public Health England (PHE) laboratory or the Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast. Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. was performed using the ISO 10272-2 standard enumeration method applied with a detection limit of 10 colony forming units (cfu) per gram (g) of neck skin. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected antimicrobials in accordance with those advised in the EU harmonised monitoring protocol was predicted from genome sequence data in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates The percentage (10.8%) of fresh, whole chicken at retail sale in stores of smaller chains (for example, Iceland, McColl’s, Budgens, Nisa, Costcutter, One Stop), independents and butchers (collectively referred to as non-major retailer stores in this report) in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. has decreased since the previous survey year but is still higher than that found in samples from major retailers. 8 whole fresh raw chickens from non-major retailer stores were collected from August 2018 to July 2019 (n = 1009). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 55.8% of the chicken skin samples obtained from non-major retailer shops, and 10.8% of the samples had counts above 1000 cfu per g chicken skin. Comparison among production plant approval codes showed significant differences of the percentages of chicken samples with more than 1000 cfu per g, ranging from 0% to 28.1%. The percentage of samples with more than 1000 cfu of Campylobacter spp. per g was significantly higher in the period May, June and July than in the period November to April. The percentage of highly contaminated samples was significantly higher for samples taken from larger compared to smaller chickens. There was no statistical difference in the percentage of highly contaminated samples between those obtained from chicken reared with access to range (for example, free-range and organic birds) and those reared under standard regime (for example, no access to range) but the small sample size for organic and to a lesser extent free-range chickens, may have limited the ability to detect important differences should they exist. Campylobacter species was determined for isolates from 93.4% of the positive samples. C. jejuni was isolated from the majority (72.6%) of samples while C. coli was identified in 22.1% of samples. A combination of both species was found in 5.3% of samples. C. coli was more frequently isolated from samples obtained from chicken reared with access to range in comparison to those reared as standard birds. C. jejuni was less prevalent during the summer months of June, July and August compared to the remaining months of the year. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone), erythromycin (macrolide), tetracycline, (tetracyclines), gentamicin and streptomycin (aminoglycosides) was predicted from WGS data by the detection of known antimicrobial resistance determinants. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in 185 (51.7%) isolates of C. jejuni and 49 (42.1%) isolates of C. coli; while 220 (61.1%) isolates of C. jejuni and 73 (62.9%) isolates of C. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Three C. coli (2.6%) but none of the C. jejuni isolates harboured 23S mutations predicting reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as harbouring genetic determinants for resistance to at least three unrelated antimicrobial classes, was found in 10 (8.6%) C. coli isolates but not in any C. jejuni isolates. Co-resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was predicted in 1.7% of C. coli isolates. 9 Overall, the percentages of isolates with genetic AMR determinants found in this study were similar to those reported in the previous survey year (August 2016 to July 2017) where testing was based on phenotypic break-point testing. Multi-drug resistance was similar to that found in the previous survey years. It is recommended that trends in AMR in Campylobacter spp. isolates from retail chickens continue to be monitored to realise any increasing resistance of concern, particulary to erythromycin (macrolide). Considering that the percentage of fresh, whole chicken from non-major retailer stores in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. continues to be above that in samples from major retailers more action including consideration of interventions such as improved biosecurity and slaughterhouse measures is needed to achieve better control of Campylobacter spp. for this section of the industry. The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Hungary. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrhu.2020.12.
Full textAbstract:
In Hungary, NEET Youth are faced with many problems: social exclusion; lack of opportunities (e.g., education, health, infrastructure, public transport, labour market conditions); low so-cio-economic status; and, a lack of relationships outside the enclosed settlements. In Hungary, the most frequent risk factors are: a socio-economically disadvantageous envi-ronment; low levels of education and schooling problems; lack of proper housing; financial problems; learning difficulties; dissatisfaction with the school; socio-emotional disorders; delinquency; health problems; homelessness; and, drug or alcohol abuse. NEET Youth are fa-cing with this multi-dimensional difficulties, regional disparities and a lack of proper services.The general employment statistics have been improving in Hungary since 2010. The emplo-yment rate of the 15-39-year-old population has increased from 53.0% to 62.5% between 2009 - 2019. The employment rate improved in every type of settlement/area. The improve-ment can be attributed to the community work in the marginalised regions micro-regions and settlements. The NEET rate shows a considerable improvement of nearly 40% between 2009 and 2019 in the urban environment for all age groups. A slight improvement can be detected in the towns and urban environment, which amounts to 25% for all age groups between 2009 and 2019. However special services and targeted programmes are required to make a diffe-rence for NEET Youth.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Turkey. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrtr.2020.12.
Full textAbstract:
This report describes the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Turkey. To achieve this goal, the report portrays indicators of youth population, youth employment and unemployment, education and NEETs distribution. Since the urban/rural distinction is not clear in Turkey, the overtime change in the status of the Rural NEETs can-not be analysed.The adopted statistical procedures across the different selected dimensions involves descriptive longitudinal analysis, using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts) as well as the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019 and 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the indi-cators evolution before and after the economic crisis that hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets, in addition we also used the statistics provi-ded by the Statistical Institute of Turkey, in addition to some academic works.The analyses show that Turkey has an ageing population, and that the share of the youth in the population declined over years. The relatively younger population of Turkey has pre-viously always been accepted as an advantage, but this advantage has disappeared with declining birth rates. The transition to a new administrative system in 2012 prevents a de-tailed analysis of the situation of rural NEETS. However, the available data shows that there is a significant gender gap and the lower levels of female labour force participation has led to the emergence of the NEETs as a gendered problem.