Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Shoes. eng'

Orientador: João Alberto de Oliveira
Banca: Tamotsu Hirata
Banca: Rogério Pinto Mota
Banca: Renato José Soares
Resumo: É grande o número de mulheres que faz uso de sapatos com saltos na atualidade durante várias horas por dia, sendo freqüentemente sujeitas a andarem por diversos tipos de superfícies, sejam elas planas ou inclinadas, submetendo o sistema músculoesquelético a esforços variados. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: adaptar uma esteira para realização de análise biomecânica; analisar a marcha de mulheres com uso de sapatos com saltos em comparação com a condição descalça; analisar a influência da inclinação da superfície sobre o padrão de marcha dos indivíduos e relacionar o efeito da utilização do calçado com salto com o efeito da inclinação da superfície. Uma esteira elétrica foi adaptada através da colocação de plataformas de força independentes para o pé direito e esquerdo, com o uso de 8 anéis e 32 extensômetros em localização estratégica.Um tripé e uma câmera fotográfica digital foram utilizados para a análise cinemática do joelho direito no plano sagital.Dez voluntárias jovens e saudáveis participaram do estudo, andando sobre a esteira descalças e com uso de sapatos com saltos de 5,0 cm, no plano horizontal, inclinado a 1,83° e 3,61°. Cada condição foi analisada durante 10 segundos, totalizando 60 segundos de análise de cada voluntária. A análise estatística não-paramétrica (teste de Wilcoxon) (p<0,10) demonstrou que o uso de sapatos com saltos com 5 cm de altura associado à marcha em plano horizontal e inclinado de 1,83° e 3,61° não altera o ângulo mínimo de flexão do joelho no plano sagital, porém exerce influência sobre o ângulo máximo do mesmo no plano horizontal, diminuindo-o com o uso do calçado. Foi constatado também que o uso do referido calçado apresenta relação com a velocidade da marcha de forma inversamente proporcional à inclinação da superfície, com exceção da inclinação de 3,61° com... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Actually it's large the number of women that make use of high-heeled shoes for several hours a day, often being subdued to gait different types of surfaces, smooth and/or inclined, subjecting the musculoskeletal system to a variety of efforts. The present study's intentions were: to adapt a treadmill for the biomechanical analysis; to analyze women's gait using high heels in comparison with the barefoot condition; to analyze the influence of a slope surface over the march pattern of individuals and to relate the effect of high-heeled shoes utilization with the effect of a slope surface. An electronic treadmill was adapted with the installation of independent force platforms for the right and the left foot, using 8 rings and 32 strain gages in a strategic location. These were connected trough 2 channels to the Spider 8, responsible for acquisition and processing the signals which, connected to a computer, allowed the data analysis by the Catman® 3.1 software. It was necessary the utilization of a gear motor for the high-heels gait's velocity adaptation. A tripod and a digital camera were used for kinematic analysis of the right knee in the sagittal plane. For synchronization of kinematic and kinetic data, we used a light signaling that allowed the simultaneous start of data acquisition. Ten healthy young women volunteers participated on the study, walking on the treadmill barefoot and wearing shoes with heels of 5.0 cm on the horizontal plane, inclined 1.83 ° and 3.61 °. Each condition was analyzed for 10 seconds, summarizing 60 seconds of analysis of each volunteer. The images were fragmented in Quintic Player ® software and relayed to the software ImageJ ®, through which were analyzed the angular variation. Statistical analysis Non-parametric (Wilcoxon test) by using significance p <0.10 showed that the use of shoes with with 5 cm heels associated with motion... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

Orientador: José Walter Canôas
Banca: Alfredo Argus
Banca: Íris Fenner Bertani
Resumo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer como se processa a relação entre o trabalho e a educação nas indústrias de calçados de Franca, considerando principalmente o momento histórico atual, de grandes mudanças decorrentes do novo modelo de organização do trabalho e da reestruturação produtiva, ou seja, de 1980 aos dias de hoje. A proposta ensejou a consulta a estudos sobre o mundo do trabalho e a educação do trabalhador com a finalidade de apreender como as relações de produção educam o trabalhador para o trabalho, destacando a influência dos valores e interesses da classe dominante nesse processo. Para maior compreensão da relação estabelecida entre trabalho e educação fez-se necessário resgatar a história de organização dos trabalhadores e sua vinculação com o processo educativo, desde suas origens até o momento atual, ressaltando a concepção da sociedade sobre a educação do trabalhador, inserindo Franca neste contexto. A análise dos dados levantados, aliada à prática profissional desenvolvida nessas indústrias, possibilitou a compreensão da trajetória do trabalhador e as formas como o mesmo foi se definindo e redefinindo dentro da organização. Permitiu, ainda, constatar que o olhar sobre o trabalhador e deste sobre si mesmo ao longo do processo histórico assume várias dimensões, estabelecendo contornos mais favoráveis ao seu desenvolvimento pessoal e social. A pesquisa de campo realizada fornece dados que indicam caminhos aos educadores que atuam na área organizacional e se deparam com novos desafios em sua jornada profissional visando contribuir com o trabalhador enquanto ator político e sujeito principal do processo de construção da sociedade.
Abstract: This study aims to know how the relationship between work and education happens at shoes factories in Franca considering, mainly, the present historical moment of great changes caused by the new organizational work model and by the production restructuring, in short, from 1980 to nowadays. The proposal included the study of researches about the work affair and the workers' education with the objetive of understanding how the production relationships educate the workers for their functions focusing on the values and interests of the dominant class in this process. For a better understanding of the relationship between work and education, it was necessary to consider the workers organization history and its connection with the educational process since its origins up to the present times, emphasizing the conception of society and the workers' education, inserting Franca in this context. The analyses of the data, together with the professional practice developed in these factories, made it possible to understand the workers' trajectory and the ways they defined and redefined themselves in these organizations. It also permitted to verify that the look on the worker and from him to himself throughout the historic process has several dimensions, stabilishing more favorable facets to the workers' personal and social development. A field research was carried out to obtain data that indicate alternatives to the educators who work in the organizational area and face new challenges in their career aiming to contribute with the workers as political beings and main subject of the society constructing process.
Mestre

Orientador: José Walter Canôas
Banca: Vera Lúcia Navarro
Banca: Hercídia Mara Facuri Coelho
Banca: Pedro Geraldo Tosi
Banca: Mário José Filho
Resumo: A conjuntura econômica que se instalou no Brasil durante a década de 90, sobretudo a partir de 1994, imprimiu em razão da dosagem das medidas adotadas pelo governo na área da política econômica, uma nova dinâmica competitiva, marcada sobremaneira pelo intenso processo de reestruturação produtiva combinado com os efeitos produzidos pela política de estabilização dos preços, que somados ao aumento da concorrência interna e externa, e da recuperação do sistema de preços para o conjunto da economia, entre outros fatores, produziram significativos efeitos sobre a atividade produtiva e sobre o nível de emprego. As empresas, foram obrigadas para o enfrentamento deste novo cenário, a adotarem posturas mais radicais no que se relaciona aos custos da produção, sobretudo no sentido de reduzirem custos e despesas para assegurarem seus respectivos lucros. Todavia, em razão das elevadas taxas de juros e, do aumento abusivo da carga tributária sobre o produto da economia, praticados pela área econômica do governo, forçaram as empresas a cortar custos da produção para garantirem suas remunerações, de tal sorte, que o impacto destes expedientes produziu aumento do desemprego, ampliação da informalidade e compressão dos rendimentos do trabalhador, proporcionando significativo aumento do excedente econômico (lucro) em detrimento da remuneração do trabalho. Assim, procuramos examinar como se procedeu à distribuição do produto da indústria de calçados do município de Franca, entre lucros e salários, no período compreendido entre os anos de 1994 e 2002.
Abstract: The economical conjuncture that settled above all in Brazil during the decade of 90, starting from 1994, it printed in reason of the dosage of the measures adopted by the government in the area of the economical politics, the new competitive dynamics, marked excessively by the intense process of restructuring productive agreement with the effect produced by the politics of stabilization of the prices, that added to the acirramento of the competition interns and external, and of the recovery of the system of prices goes the group of the economy, among other factors, they produced significant effect on the productive activity and on the job level, the companies, they were forced for the to face of this new scenery, they adopt more radical postures with regard to the costs of the production, above all in the sense of they reduce costs and expenses for us to assure their respective profits. Though, in reason of the high interest rates and, of the abusive increase of the tax burden on the product of the economy, practiced by the government's economical area, they forced the companies to cut costs of the production for us to guarantee their remunerations, of such a luck, that the impact of these files produced increase of the unemployment, enlargement of the informality and compression of the worker's incomes, providing significant increase of the economical surplus (1 profit) to the detriment of the remuneration of the work. Like this, we tried to examine as it was proceeded to the distribution of the product of the industry of shoes of the municipal district of Franca, between profits and wages, in the period understood among the years of 1994 and 2002.
Doutor

Many studies have investigated the differences in gait patterns with increasing heel height. The purpose of this investigation is to study the differences in gait patterns when wearing stiletto and wedge type high-heeled shoes with different heel designs versus barefoot walking. A Vicon 512 Motion Analysis system and four Kistler force plates were used to record changes in lower-extremity joint kinetics and kinematics in three conventional planes of motion. Additionally, electromyography (EMG) was used to assess differences in the behavior of selected muscles under each condition. Results showed that wearing of the high-heeled shoes increased vertical ground reaction forces during both early and late stance. Ankle dorsiflexion moment was significantly greater in stiletto type high-heeled shoes compared to wedge and barefoot conditions. A reduction in ankle plantar flexor moment and ankle power was observed between high heeled shoe conditions and barefoot walking during late stance. An increase in the integrated EMG values of soleus and gastrocnemius lateralis muscles was noted during stance, while gastrocnemius medialis integrated EMG values decreased in both type of high heeled shoes. Integrated EMG of tibialis anterior was also decreased throughout swing phase due to more plantarflexed foot position. Knee extension moment during late stance increased significantly in both shoe conditions. Additionally, rotational hip moments were significantly different in high-heeled shoes compared to barefoot condition during both early and late stance. Peak plantar/dorsiflexion angles as well as maximum knee flexion angles differed significantly during stance phase of walking between all conditions. Quadriceps activity was increased and prolonged throughout stance and full gait cycle to control knee flexion. There was a trend towards more severe biomechanical changes occurring in stiletto type high-heeled shoes in majority of the dependent variables. Future research should focus on the biomechanics of female gait using different designs of high heeled shoes considering the weight, age, and experience of the wearer. Furthermore, utilizing multi-segmental foot models in order to assess kinematic changes occurring in the entire foot segment and recruitment of triceps surae muscle group will provide more insight to instability of high-heeled gait in different designs of high heeled shoes.

Orientador: Eliseu Savério Sposito
Banca: Everaldo Santos Melazzo
Banca: Olga Lucia Castreghini Freitas Firkowski
Resumo: As transformações nos processos de trabalho, no consumo, nas configurações geográficas e no papel do Estado no final do século XX, abrem para uma nova fase do modo de produção industrial, na medida em que altera os pressupostos fordistas de produção. Para lidar com estas transformações, as empresas industriais passaram por processos de reestruturação produtiva, que envolveu as formas de organização da produção, as relações de trabalho, as estratégias espaciais, o papel do Estado etc. Esta pesquisa analisa as particularidades do processo de reestruturação produtiva na indústria de calçados do município de Birigüi-SP e constata que o mesmo esta permeado por mudanças inspiradas no modelo toyotista e por permanências do modelo de produção anterior. Da mesma forma, buscamos entender como surge a indústria calçadista em Birigui bem como suas articulações com o processo de desconcentração industrial no Estado de São Paulo. A história do desenvolvimento industrial na cidade mostrou que se trata de um caso típico de industrialização endógena, porém articulado com o processo de interiorização das atividades econômicas no estado. Por último, verificou-se o desenvolvimento industrial da cidade foi acompanhado pela presença de economias externas, de localização e urbanização
Abstract: The transformations in the working processes, in consumption, in geographical configurations, and in the role of the State at the end of 20th century, open a new phase of the industrial mode of production as they are changing the fordist premises about production. In order to deal with these transformations, industrial enterprises passed by processes of productive restructuring that embraced the organization of production, labor relations, spatial strategies, the role of the State, and so on. This dissertation analyses the particularities of the process of productive restructuring in the shoe industry of Birigui-State of São Paulo, Brazil. We jumped to the conclusion that this process is permeated by changes inspired by toyotist model and by features of the old model. Another goal of this work was to understand how shoe industry begun at the city, and the connections of this economic activity with the process of industrial deconcentration in the state of São Paulo. Our historical research showed that the industrial development of the city is a typical case of endogenous industrialization articulated, however, with the process of interiorization of economic activities at the State of São Paulo. Finally, we verified that the city‟s industrial development was followed by the presence of external economies of location and urbanization
Mestre

This present study was intended to investigate muscle activation patterns throughout the barbell back squat and determine if there are any differences found in EMG responses among individuals wearing weightlifting shoes and barefooted individuals. The hypothesis was that weightlifting shoes would generate significantly greater muscle activation patterns throughout the barbell back squat due to the rigid structure and raised heal in the shoe design. EMG patterns from six superficial lower extremity muscles were recorded from 12 subjects (means: 22.67 ± 2.39 age, 172,28 ± 14.04 cm height, 74.88 ± 16.11 kg mass), each meeting a specific inclusion criteria. Data collection occurred over three subject visits to determine one repetition maximum [1RM] (Day 1), conduct maximal contraction tests (Day 2), and finally to perform squat tests with the two footwear conditions (Day 3). Data was collected at 80% of the participants’ 1RM utilizing both weightlifting shoes and barefoot conditions, and EMG activity was recorded for data analysis. Paired-sample T-tests were calculated to check for any significant differences among footwear conditions, and 2X2 ANOVA testing was used to determine if any significant changes occurred among footwear conditions in the eccentric and concentric portions of the barbell back squat. The study found two main components. The first was that several muscles showed differences between eccentric and concentric phases in regards to average muscle activity. However, none of the observed muscles showed significant differences between the two footwear conditions in regard to EMG activity.

Orientador: José angelo Barela
Banca: Ana Maria Pellegrini
Banca: Cláudia Regina Sgobbi de Faria
Banca: Paula Hentschel Lobo da Costa
Banca: Rúben de Faria Negrão Filho
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações estáticas e dinâmicas em pacientes com escoliose idiopática na posição ortostática, sem e com inclinação lateral com restrição associadas ou não as mudanças unilaterais de calços. O grupo experimental foi constituído por pacientes com escoliose idiopática com curva dupla (³ 10°) e o grupo controle por participantes sem escoliose na mesma faixa etária (13-24 anos). Foram utilizadas três câmeras de vídeo, 18 marcadores fixados em referências anatômicas dos participantes, dois calços, de 1 e de 3 cm de altura e uma escala para restrição e padronização da inclinação lateral. As tentativas foram realizadas aleatoriamente, nas condições sem calço ou com calço baixo ou alto sob o pé direito e esquerdo e nas tarefas, estática (15 segundos) ou dinâmica (5 movimentos de inclinação lateral para direita ou esquerda). Foram calculados os ângulos posturais: alfa 1 (torácico alto), alfa 2 (torácico médio), alfa 3 (tóraco-lombar) e alfa 4 (lombar) e os ângulos segmentares: beta 1 (ombros), beta 2 (escápulas), beta 3 (pelves) e beta 4 (joelhos). Na situação estática, os grupos e os calços tiveram uma maior influência nos ângulos posturais tóracolombar e lombar e nos ângulos segmentares da pelve e do joelho. Na situação dinâmica sem calço, nenhuma diferença foi observada entre grupos, porém o calço associado aos movimentos de inclinação lateral provocou ajustes posturais compensatórios nos ângulos posturais alfas e segmentares betas, sendo que as diferenças foram maiores com o calço alto nos pacientes com escoliose, indicando um possível mecanismo corretivo. Estas alterações posturais tanto estáticas como dinâmicas, indicam a busca de uma nova organização estrutural e equilíbrio do tronco, sendo que os segmentos superiores foram mais influenciados na condição dinâmica... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate static and dynamic changes in patients with idiopathic scoliosis in the orthostatic position, with and without restricted lateral inclination associated with or not unilateral changes of shoe lifting. The experimental group was constituted by patients with idiopathic scoliosis with double curve (³ 10°) and the control group by participants without scoliosis with the same age (13-24 years). Three video cameras were used, with 18 markers fixed on the participants' anatomical references, along with two shoe lifts, 1 and 3 cm of height, and a scale for restriction and standardization of the lateral inclination. The trails were accomplished randomly, in the conditions without or with shoe lift (low or high) under the right and left foot and in the tasks, static (15 seconds) or dynamic (5 movements of lateral inclination for right or left). Postural angles: alpha 1 (thoracic high), alpha 2 (thoracic medium), alpha 3 (thoracolumbar) and alpha 4 (lumbar); and segmental angles: beta 1 (shoulders), beta 2 (scapulas), beta 3 (pelvis) and beta 4 (knees) were calculated. In the static condition, group and shoe lift mostly influenced the postural angles, thoracic-lumbar and lumbar, and the segmental angles of the pelvis and knee. In the dynamic condition without shoe lift, no difference was observed between groups, however, with shoe lift.and lateral inclination compensatory postural adjustments were observed in the postural alpha angles and segmental beta angles, with the largest differences observed in the condition with the high shoe lifting in the patients with scoliosis, indicating a possible corrective mechanism. These, static and dynamics, postural changes suggest a new structural organization and equilibrium of the trunk, with the trunk upper segments being the ones more influenced by the dynamic condition with low and high shoe lifting whereas... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

Orientador: José Walter Canôas
Banca: Alfredo Argus
Banca: Edna Maria Campanhol
Banca: Mário José Filho
Banca: Cláudia Maria Daher Cosac
Resumo: O estudo da formas viáveis para enfrentar concretamente a dimensão sócio - educativa no interior da Indústria de Calçados de Franca - SP, aproveitando as contradições existentes na relação trabalho - educação e rompendo com seu círculo de dominação é uma tarefa política da maior relevância e torna-se um grande desafio a ser assumido coletivamente pelos trabalhadores e demais profissionais comprometidos com seus interesses. Refletir sobre as alternativas e possibilidades de viabilização de projetos profissionais comprometidos com a classe trabalhadora, bem como avaliar a prática cotidiana da pesquisadora no desempenho profissional constituem a pretensão deste trabalho. A pesquisadora possui consciência de que estes objetivos são ambiciosos, tendo em vista que o trabalhador ao vender sua força de trabalho por um valor aquém de suas necessidades submete-se à dominação exercida na relação capital-trabalho. Optou-se por estudo da organização Indústria de Calçados Kissol Ltda,utilizando da investigação qualitativa, grupo focal e posterior análise de conteúdo. Conclui-se que embora os limites determinados pelo cenário contemporâneo em que o trabalho aliena, explora e desvaloriza o potencial humano a pesquisa de campo forneceu dados que indicam caminhos de possibilidades para o Assistente Social e demais profissionais que atuam na área organizacional a construção de propostas socioeducativas e interdisciplinar inovadoras que permitem ao trabalhador e à trabalhadora compreenderem o contexto organizacional no novo modelo de produção, ampliarem conceitos e conhecimentos do cotidiano e gerar mudanças nas diversas dimensões da vida. Revelou, também, formas viáveis para enfrentar concretamente o ritmo das mudanças decorrentes do processo de globalização.
Abstract: The study of viable ways to specifically face the dimension socio-educational in the interior of the Shoe Industry in Franca- SP, using the existent contradictions of work-education relation and breaking its domination circle is a most relevant political task and turns out to be a great challenge to be collectively assumed by workers and other professionals committed with their interests. To reflect on the alternatives and possibilities of viability of professional projects committed with the working class, as well evaluate the researcher's daily practice on professional performance are the pretension of this paper. The researcher is aware that these objectives are ambitious, once the worker, by selling his work force for less than necessary for his needs, submit him/herself to the domination exercised within the capital-work relation. It was chosen the study of the organization Indústria de Calçados Kissol Ltda, making use of quality investigation, focused group and posterior content analysis. It was concluded that although the limits determined by the contemporary scenery in which work alienates, exploits and devalues the human potential, the field research provided data that indicate ways of possibilities for the Social Assistant and other professionals that work in the organizational area, the construction of innovative socio-educational and interdisciplinary proposes that allow the worker comprehend the organizational context in the new production model, widen concepts and daily knowledge and make changes in the various dimensions of life. It revealed, also, viable ways to specifically face the rhythm of changes due to the globalization process.
Doutor

Shoes with a rocker sole are marketed as reducing low back pain. There is minimal evidence to support these claims. This investigation compared rocker sole shoes to flat sole shoes in people with chronic low back pain (CLBP). The thesis reports findings of a randomised clinical trial and a series of biomechanical experiments. Following preparatory pilot and reliability studies, 115 people with CLBP were randomised to wear rocker sole shoes or flat sole shoes; all participants attended an exercise and education programme. Participants were assessed without knowledge of group allocation pre-randomisation, at six weeks, six months, and one year (main outcome point). Primary outcome was the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Analysis was by intention-to-treat. Biomechanical experiments recruited 20 participants from the main study and investigated effects of wearing rocker sole and flat sole shoes on standing balance and gait, immediately and after 6 months of shoe wear, using centre of pressure and motion-analysis derived kinetic, kinematic and spatio-temporal measures. Balance and gait in people with and age-and gender-matched controls without CLBP were compared. Rocker sole shoes were no more beneficial than flat sole shoes for CLBP patients; flat sole shoes were more beneficial in a sub-group of CLBP aggravated by standing or walking. Biomechanical studies found rocker sole shoes introduced immediately greater postural instability than flat sole shoes but neither shoe had long-term training effects on postural control. Furthermore, although both shoes resulted in small immediate changes in kinetic, kinematic and spatio-temporal parameters of shod gait, neither shoe had long-term training effects on these parameters in barefoot gait. Finally, in contrast to some previous research, postural control during standing, and kinetics, kinematic, and spatio-temporal parameters during gait were similar between people with and without CLBP.

This overview relates to a research programme conducted over some eight years. The research concerns exhibitions and trade fairs, and examines the communications issues thereof from both the exhibitors' viewpoint and the visitors' viewpoint. The research was conducted from an interpretive viewpoint, using interviews and questionnaire surveys, and has both qualitative and quantitative aspects. The results of the research were mapped against models of communication and against traditional marketing models to assess the extent to which exhibitors are being realistic in their approach to exhibiting, given the characteristics and behaviour of visitors. This does not, of course, provide a definitive answer as to the effectiveness or potential effectiveness of exhibitions as communications tools. What it does show is that exhibitors are, in many cases, setting inappropriate objectives and harbouring unrealistic expectations. The conclusion of the research outlines a model of how exhibitions work as a communications device, and provides evidence that miscommunication is occurring between exhibitors and visitors due to a failure on the part of exhibitors to understand how exhibitions can be used to best effect. The model is almost certainly relevant to other areas of marketing communication, and offers a new way of understanding the communications process, particularly in business-to business contexts. The overall finding of the research is that the majority of exhibitors are almost certainly harbouring unrealistic expectations, in particular regarding selling objectives, and that exhibitors do not always evaluate their activities as effectively as they might (particularly SMEs). These unrealistic expectations of what exhibitions can do for them are likely to lead many of them to the conclusion that exhibitions are ineffective. From the visitor research it appears that exhibitions could be extremely effective in terms of communication objectives, but probably less so in terms of selling objectives: the overwhelming conclusion is that most exhibitors are directing their efforts in the wrong direction, and should (instead of concentrating on sales) be concentrating on other elements of the marketing mix.

Orientador: Rogério Gomes
Banca: Marcelo Silva Pinho
Banca: Renato de Castro Garcia
Resumo: O rápido avanço na internacionalização das grandes empresas, nas últimas décadas, foi possível tanto pelo desenvolvimento dos meios de transporte e de comunicação, como pelas liberalizações e desregulamentações econômicas. O sistema produtivo e o comércio integraram-se, e as nações se especializaram em diferentes ramos da manufatura. A tendência à externalização dos estágios de produção dos setores tradicionais foi uma estratégia adotada para reduzir os custos, sobretudo os salários, pois essas indústrias são bastante intensivas em mão-de-obra. Entre os anos 1970 e 1990, o Brasil, a Coréia do Sul e Taiwan eram os principais produtores e exportadores de calçados do mundo em desenvolvimento. Com o aumento do custo salarial dos países asiáticos, decorrente do avanço de seus processos de industrialização, as vendas externas deles foram superadas pelas exportações de outras economias, tais como: China, Indonésia e Vietnã. A avaliação das variações na qualidade dos calçados brasileiros exportados, bem como das estratégias praticadas pelas empresas nacionais do setor são objetivos deste estudo. A partir da análise da qualidade das vendas externas, medida pelo Valor médio (VM) e pelo Valor médio relativo (VMR), observou-se, sob a ótica da origem, perda da participação das regiões Sul e Sudeste e aumento da participação da região Nordeste, nas exportações de calçados de plástico injetável, de plástico montado e de couro. Mesmo que essa transferência tenha promovido a capacitação das novas empresas instaladas no Nordeste, as funções que agregam mais valor ao produto se mantiveram concentradas no Rio Grande do Sul e em São Paulo. Por sua vez, nos segmentos de matérias têxteis, as exportações dos estados gaúcho e nordestino apresentaram melhoria da qualidade, enquanto os outros calçados ganharam competitividade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The fast advance in the internationalization of the great companies, in the last few decades, was possible because of the technological revolution verified on the ways of transportation and communication, and also because of the economic deregulations. The productive system and the commerce had been jointed, and the nations had specialized in different manufacture's branches. The outsourcing of traditional sectors production was adopted to reduce the costs, over all, the wages, therefore these industries are labor-intensive. In the 1960 end, the footwear's manufacture was transferred to Brazil, South Korea and Taiwan. In the second half of years 1980, the outsourcing of the shoe industry production was guided for other countries in development, such as: China, Philippines, Indonesia and Thailand. After the decade of 1990, the competition in the footwear market had increased. The estimation of the quality of the Brazilian footwear exports, as well as the evaluation of the strategies practiced for the national companies is the purpose of this study. From the analysis of the quality of the external sales, measured by the VM and the VMR, it was observed, under the optics of the origin, loss of the participation of the South and Southeastern, and increase of the participation of the Northeast, in the exportations of plastic footwear and leather shoes. This transference has promoted the qualification of the new companies installed in Northeast, however the functions that add more value to the product are kept in Rio Grande do Sul and in São Paulo. Under the optics of the destination of the exportations, it was verified improvement of the quality of the plastic footwear, the leather shoes and the other footwear sold to the PEDs, the United Kingdom and the ETs, and the PDs, respectively. In relation to the news articles, it was verified that the Brazilian shoe industry entrepreneurs... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

The Permutation Flow Shop Scheduling Problem (PFSP) is a fundamental problem underlying many operational challenges in the field of logistic and supply chain management. The PFSP is a well-known NP-hard problem whereby the processing sequence of the jobs is the same for all machines. The dynamic and stochastic PFSP arise in practice whenever a number of different types of disruptions or uncertainties interrupt the system. Such disruptions could lead to deviate the disrupted schedule from its initial plan. Thus, it is important to consider different solution methods including: an optimisation model that minimise different objectives that take into account stability and robustness, efficient rescheduling approach, and algorithms that can handle large size and complex dynamic and stochastic PFSP, under different uncertainties. These contributions can be described as follows: 1. Develop a multi-objective optimisation model to handle different uncertainties by minimising three objectives namely; utility, instability and robustness. 2. Propose the predictive-reactive approach to accommodate the unpredicted uncertainties. 3. Adapt the Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO), the Iterated Greedy (IG) algorithm and the Biased Randomised IG algorithm (BRIG) to reschedule the PFSP at the reactive stage of the predictive-reactive approach. 4. Apply the Simulation-Optimisation (Sim-Opt) approach for the Stochastic PFSP (SPFSP)under different uncertainties. This approach consists of two methods, which are: the novel approach that hybridise the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) with the PSO (Sim-PSO)and the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) with the BRIG (Sim-BRIG). The main aim of using the multi-objective optimisation model with different solution methods is to minimise the instability and keep the solution as robust as possible. This is to handle uncertainty as well as to optimise against any worst instances that might arise due to data uncertainty. Several approaches have been proposed for the PFSP under dynamic and stochastic environments, where the PSO, IG and BRIG are developed for the PFSP under different uncertainties. Also, hybridised the PSO and the BRIG algorithms with the MCS to deal with SPFSP under different uncertainties. In our version of the approach, the first one is a PSO algorithm step after which an MCS is incorporated in order to improve the final solutions of problem. The second approach proposed the hybridisation of the BRIG algorithm with MCS to be applied on the SPFSP under different uncertainties. The developed multi-objective model and proposed approaches are tested on benchmark instances proposed by (Katragjini et al.,2013) in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies, this benchmark is based on the well-known instances of Taillard’s (Taillard, 1993). The computational results showed that the proposed methodologies are capable of finding good solutions for the PFSP under different uncertainties and that they are robust for the dynamic and stochastic nature of the problem instances. We computed the best solutions and found that they could be highly promising in minimising the total completion time. The results obtained are quite competitive when compared to the other models found in the literature. Also, some proposed algorithms show better performance when compared to others.

O cenário competitivo da indústria da moda, no qual se insere a indústria calçadista, configura ciclos curtos e rápidos de produção e comercialização característicos do modelo fast fashion, porém, a crescente preocupação com aspectos sociais e ambientais tem despertado o interesse da sociedade por uma mudança de postura frente a estas questões. O posicionamento de marcas com foco na preservação ambiental pode viabilizar melhorias em produtos que ainda são projetados e manufaturados de forma convencional, ou resultar em inovações significativas no desenvolvimento de produtos ambientalmente amigáveis. A proposta do estudo foi realizar um diagnóstico do cenário atual do design de calçados ambientalmente orientado, identificando as práticas utilizadas nos processos de design que colaboram na redução do impacto ambiental do final de vida útil dos calçados. Para melhor compreender os fatos, o estudo foi subdividido em quatro etapas. A primeira etapa contempla a revisão de literatura; a segunda etapa é resultado de pesquisa desk; na terceira etapa, realizou-se levantamento de dados por interrogação direta de pessoas através de entrevistas em diferentes amostras; e na quarta etapa realizadas as análises e interpretação dos resultados. A pesquisa básica, de abordagem qualitativa e objetivos exploratórios, utilizou-se de amostras não-probabilísticas definidas conforme os critérios estabelecidos para cada fase Os resultados alcançados apontam que, mesmo com tecnologia e informação globalizada, na prática, pouco é feito em design e produção de calçados em prol da redução de impactos ambientais. Incluem-se nessa realidade clusters tradicionais de produção, como o do Vale dos Sinos no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, sendo as iniciativas calçadistas que levam em consideração o cuidado com o meio ambiente, ainda, restritas e isoladas representando nichos distintos. A indústria calçadista segue aos moldes tradicionais de produção e percebe-se que, quando há uma mudança, esta é impulsionada, principalmente, por legislações ou acidentes ambientais gerados por seus dejetos, ou então são empresas que surgem com foco em desenvolver produtos ambientalmente orientados para nichos de mercado. Desta forma, na maior parte do desenvolvimento os designers reproduzem o sistema de criação rápida, obedecendo ao contexto de coleções e preços cada vez mais enxutos. O conhecimento sobre o assunto ainda é pouco explorado e, por consequência, falta articulação entre os atores da cadeia para uma mobilização efetiva na busca por soluções para o desenvolvimento sustentável do setor.
The competitive landscape of the fashion industry, which includes the footwear industry, sets up short and fast production and marketing cycles characteristic of the fast fashion model, but the growing concern with social and environmental aspects has aroused society's interest in a change position on these issues. The positioning of brands focused on environmental preservation can enable improvements in products that are still designed and manufactured in a conventional way, or result in significant innovations in the development of environmentally friendly products. The purpose of the study was to carry out a diagnosis of the current scenario of environmentally oriented footwear design, identifying the practices used in the design processes that collaborate in reducing the environmental impact of the end of the shoe life. To better understand the facts, the study was subdivided into four stages. The first stage contemplates the literature review; the second stage is the result of desk research; in the third stage, data were collected by direct interrogation of people through interviews in different samples; and in the fourth stage, the analyzes and interpretation of the results were carried out. The basic research, with a qualitative approach and exploratory objectives, was used of non-probabilistic samples defined according to the established criteria for each phase. The results show that, even with technology and globalized information, in practice little is done in the design and production of footwear in favor of reducing environmental impacts Traditional clusters of production, such as Vale dos Sinos in the Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, are included in this reality. Footwear initiatives that take into account the care for the environment are still restricted and isolated, representing different niches. The footwear industry follows the traditional patterns of production and it is noticed that when there is a change, this is mainly driven by environmental laws or accidents generated by their waste, or else they are companies that are focused on developing environmentally oriented products for niche markets. In this way, in most of the development, the designers reproduce the system of fast creation, obeying to the context of collections and prices more and leaner. The knowledge about the subject is still little explored and, as a consequence, there is a lack of articulation between the actors in the chain for an effective mobilization in search of solutions for the sustainable development of the sector.

The invertebrate communities associated with intertidal mytilid mussel species were investigated on a variety of wave-exposed rocky shores around the coasts of the British Isles, Irish Republic (Mytilus edulis) and Chile, South America (Perumytilus purpuratus). A total of 192 different taxa were identified in Mytilus edulis beds at various rocky shore sites in the British Isles and Irish Republic, while 35 taxa were identified to higher taxonomic levels in Perumytilus purpuratus beds in Chile, South America. Significant small-scale spatial variations in community structure were observed at two locations in Wales, while significant large-scale spatial variations in community structure were observed within mussel beds both in the British Isles and Irish Republic and in Chile. Additionally, the communities associated with M. edulis and P. purpuratus differed significantly, when compared at the same taxonomic levels. The structure of the invertebrate communities associated with M. edulis populations showed significant intra-annual variation, while those associated with M. edulis and P. putpuratus displayed significant inter-annual variation. The spatial and temporal variation observed in the structure of the invertebrate communities associated with intertidal mussel beds were deemed to be the result of a variety of natural processes, along with stochastic events. Variation in measured environmental factors in the mussel beds did not fully account for the observed variation in community structure, although some factors, such as mussel density were shown to have some structuring effect. It is concluded that the structure of the invertebrate communities associated with intertidal mussel on rocky shores are highly variable, both spatially and temporally. However, a small subset of taxa often display the same multivariate patterns as the entire data set; a phenomenon which could be utilised in any monitoring or impact studies involving mussel communities.

Two predatory muricid gastropods, Thalessa savignyi and Ergalatax junionae commonly occur on the rocky intertidal shores of Kuwait. Three shores, Ra’s Ajūzah, Ra’s Eqaila and Ra’s al Qulay’ah between the north and south of Kuwait covering a distance of ~90Km, were studied to determine the geographical and seasonal abundance of these two muricids. Thalessa savignyi was absent from Ra’s Ajūzah in the north, but increased in abundance towards the south of Kuwait. By contrast the smaller gastropod E. junionae was present on the three shores but decreased in abundance towards the southernmost site, Ra’s al Qulay’ah. Thalessa savignyi prefers rocky platforms and associated fissures which are present on the southern shore whilst small boulders and crevices on the shores in the north of Kuwait were favoured by E. junionae. Egg laying by both species occurred in the laboratory in late June and these egg masses hatched ~30days later in late July. Intertidal recruitment of juveniles (<10mm) appeared into the populations at Ra´s Ajūzah and Ra´s Eqaila between October and January whilst no recruitment was observed at Ra´s al Qulay´ah. Polymodal size frequency distributions in some of the populations were separated into their component size (age) classes using the method of Bhattacharya. Using these estimates of the modal size and ages, Von Bertalanffy growth (VBG) curves were constructed to compare the growth of both species. Thalessa savignyi grew faster than E. junionae and both grew faster at Ra´s al Qulay´ah compared with the other two sites. Growth rings on the operculum and in the statoliths were used to estimate the age of T. savingnyi and E. junionae. Age estimates using whole and polished sections of the operculae were problematic because rings could not be seen through the thick and opaque operculum of T. savignyi. The operculum of E. junionae was thin and transparent but the number of rings counted was almost double those found in the statoliths. Operculae sections did not reveal clear growth rings. A latitudinal variation in the definition and the number of weak growth rings in the statoliths was observed. Generally rings in statoliths of both muricids from the northern sites in Kuwait were clearly defined and they contained less weak rings than statoliths from muricids from the southern site. These statoliths contained a wide variety of strongly and weakly defined rings. It was established from seasonal collections that statolith growth rings are deposited annually between November and January. A larval ring, deposited during the period of life in the egg and a settlement ring, formed at the time of metamorphosis from the plankton, were validated in developing T. savignyi larvae in egg masses and from newly hatched larvae. The age of both species was determined successfully using statoliths and VBG population growth curves constructed. Thalessa savignyi was found to be a faster growing species with a shorter longevity (4 years) than the smaller, longer-lived (5 years) and slower growing E. junionae. In the laboratory both muricids were found to be predators of the tube worm Septibranchia krausii and the mussel Brachidontes variabilis. A comprehensive seasonal survey of the three intertidal shores documented the tidal distributions of the macrofauna and macroalgae. No correlation between the presence of potential prey species and the distribution of T. savignyi and E. junionae was found.

Ispitivanu grupu činilo je 1247 ispitanika sa povredama prednje ukrštene veze kolena koji su operativno lečeni u periodu 2012.-2017. godina na Klinici za ortopedsku hirurgiju i traumatologiju Kliničkog centra Vojvodine. Ciljevi istraživanja bili su utvrđivanje uticaja nivoa sportske aktivnosti i mehanizama povređivanja na nastanak povreda prednje ukrštene veze kolena, zatim uticaj spoljašnjih faktora rizika (vrsta sporta, rang takmičenja, vrsta podloge, trening ili utakmica, period treninga) na nastanak povreda prednje ukrštene veze kolena, odnosno uticaj unutrašnjih faktora rizika (pol, starost, BMI) na nastanak povreda ove strukture kolena. Od ukupnog broja ispitanika njih 517 (41,5%) su činili aktivni sportisti, a 730 (58,5%) rekreativci. Značajnu većinu u posmatranom uzorku su činili muškarci (82,6%), osobe starosti od 16 do 25 godina (62,6%) i normalno uhranjenje osobe (62%). Do povrede prednje ukrštene veze došlo je kod njih 504 (40,5%) prilikom aktivnog bavljenja sportom, dok su se povrede prilikom rekreativnog bavljenja sportom dogodile kod 741 ispitanika (59,5%). Među aktivnim sportistima, više od dve trećine se takmičilo na internacionalnom ili republičkom nivou, odnosno u najvišim rangovima takmičenja. Kontaktnim kolektivnim sportovima (fudbal, košarka i rukomet) bavilo se 77,9% ispitanika. Nekontaktnim sportovima kao što su odbojka, borilački sportovi i skijanje bavilo se 22,1% ispitanika, pri čemu je najveći broj povreda nastao prilikom igranja fudbala (51,3%). Statistički značajno više povreda (i prilikom aktivnog i prilikom rekreativnog bavljenja sportom) je nastalo bez direktnog kontakta (nekontaktne povrede koje su činile 78,7% povreda), pri čemu je najveći broj povreda nastao usled promene pravca i ritma kretanja. Kod aktivnih sportista najviše povreda dogodilo se na utakmicama (73,8%), slede povrede na treningu (24,1%), dok se na rekreaciji povredilo svega 2,1% ispitanika. Značajno više povreda dogodilo se na sredini bavljenja sportskom aktivnošću (47,4%) u odnosu na povrede na zagrevanju, početku, odnosno kraju sportske aktivnosti. Povrede su značajno češće nastajale na travi (42%) i parketu (28%), nego na drugim vrstama podloge. Najveći broj ispitanika povredio se noseći patike prilikom bavljenja sportskom aktivnošću. Postoje značajne razlike u kontekstu povređivanja u zavisnosti od pola ispitanika. Žene su u značajno većem procentu povređivane prikom aktivnog bavljenja sportom, dok su se muškarci češće povređivali na rekreaciji. Žene su se najčešće povređivale na rukometu, muškarci na fudbalu. U odnosu na muškarce, kod žena su povrede znatno ređe nastajale prilikom direktnog kontakta, a kad je u pitanju mesto povređivanja, žene su se češće nego muškarci povređivale na treningu. Preko 50% žena je povređeno na parketu, dok se najveći broj muškaraca povredio na travi. Ispitanici sa prekomernom telesnom masom značajno češće su se povređivali prilikom rekreacije, dok su se normalno uhranjeni češće povređivali prilikom aktivnog bavljenja sportom. Faktori rizika za nastanak povreda prednje ukrštene veze su brojni i specifični, odnosno da za svaku populacionu kategoriju postoje rizici, ali se uočava da su u svim sportovima, na svim podlogama i kod svih ispitanika povrede najčešće nastajale nekontaknim mehanizmom povređivanja. Formiranjem registra povređenih omogućilo bi se bolje razumevanje faktora rizika i njihovog međusobnog uticaja, kao i definisanje profila osoba pod najvećim rizikom za nastanak povrede prednje ukršene veze kolena. Na taj način obezbedile bi se potrebne informacije za planiranje preventivnih programa usmerenih na smanjenje rizika od povređivanja i omogućilo bi se sprovođenje odgovarajućih mera selektivne prevencije.
The study group consisted of 1247 respondents with anterior cruciate ligament injuries who were surgically treated in the period 2012-2017. at the Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina. The objectives of the study were to determine the impact of sports activity levels and injury mechanisms on the occurrence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries, then the impact of external risk factors (type of sport, competition rank, type of surface, training or match, training period) on the occurrence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries and the influence of internal risk factors (gender, age, BMI) on the occurrence of injuries of this knee structure. Out of the total number of respondents 517 (41.5%) were active athletes, and 730 (58.5%) were recreational athletes. A significant majority in the observed group were men (82.6%), persons aged 16 to 25 years (62.6%) and normal BMI respondents (62%). Anterior cruciate ligament injury occurred in 504 of them (40.5%) during active sports, while injuries during recreational sports occurred in 741 respondents (59.5%). Among active athletes, more than two thirds competed at the international or national level- in the highest ranks of the competition. Contact collective sports (football, basketball and handball) were practiced by 77.9% of respondents. 22.1% of respondents practiced non-contact sports such as volleyball, martial arts sports and skiing. The largest number of injuries occurring while playing football (51.3%). Statistically significantly more injuries (both during active and recreational sports) occurred without direct contact (noncontact injuries-78,7% of total injuries number), with the largest number of injuries caused by changes in the direction and rhythm of movement. Among active athletes, most injuries occurred in matches (73.8%), followed by injuries in training (24.1%), while only 2.1% of respondents were injured in recreation. Significantly more injuries occurred in the middle of engaging in sports activity (47.4%) compared to injuries during the warm-up, beginning and end of sports activity. Injuries occurred significantly more often on grass (42%) and floor (28%) than on other types of surfaces. Most of the respondents were injured wearing sneakers while doing sports. There are significant differences in the context of injury depending on the gender of the respondents. A significantly higher percentage of women were injured during active sports, while men were more often injured during recreational sport activities. Women were most often injured in handball, men in football. Compared to men, injuries were much less common in women during direct contact, and when it comes to the place of injury, women were injured more often than men during training acitivities. Over 50% of women were injured on the floor, while the largest number of men were injured on the grass. Subjects with overweight were significantly more likely to be injured during recreational sport acitivites, while those with normal BMI were more likely to be injured during active sports. Risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injuries are numerous and specific and there are risks for each population category, but it is noticed that in all sports, on all surfaces and in all subjects, injuries were most often caused by a noncontact injury mechanism. The formation of a Register of injuries would enable a better understanding of risk factors and their mutual influence, as well as the definition of the profile of persons at greatest risk for the occurrence of an anterior cruciate ligament injury. This would provide the necessary information for planning prevention programs aimed at reducing the risk of injury and would enable the implementation of appropriate selective prevention measures.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
運動與休閒管理研究所
100
The purpose of this research is using Means-End Chain to understand sport involvement and consumer behavior in terms of basketball shoes purchasers in Taiwan, and further discusses their relationship. The Means-End Chain uses laddering to conduct the interview and the questionnaire is based on the content of interview by means of content analysis method. Moreover, the measure of sport involvement for basketball shoes purchaser is based on these references of McIntrye (1989), Lin Tzu Yang(2009) and Tai Hsiu Hui(2010) on the research of measure involvement dimension. The interviewees are mainly aimed at the basketball players who have ever purchased basketball shoes within one year. There are 20 interviewees involvement in this research. In addition, this research released 600 questionnaires in total for the subject of basketball involvement who has ever bought basketball shoes within three years. There are 566 questionnaires are valid. Firstly, the result of this research shows the basketball purchaser is mainly 20 to 29 years old university male students. And most of these students get their monthly income less than 10000 dollars. Besides, they usually play basketball 1 to 2 times per week, and they are affordable to purchase one pair of 2,001 to 3,000 dollars basketball shoes. Moreover, the maximized amounts of purchased basketball shoes for these university male students are two pairs within three years. Secondly, different frequency on playing basketball weekly,the acceptance of product specialty reflect great discrepancy on the basketball shoes's prices.The importance of purchasing results has great discrepancy on buying basketball shoes in the past 3 years. The importance of personal value shows great discrepancy on price acceptance and buying how many shoes in the past 3 years. The involvment of basketball reflects great discrepancy on frequency of playing basketball weekly, acceptance of shoe's prices and how many shoes has bought in the past 3 years.Thirdly, different level of basketball involvement to basketball shoes consumers lead to obvious diversity on products properties, consumption feedback and personal value.Fourth, the products properties of basketball shoes and consumption feedback are positively related. In addition, the products properties and consumption feedback are positively related to personal value. Obviously, these results are correspond with Means-End Chain which proposed by Gutman in 1982. To sum up, the measure of basketball involvement results in the positive effect on products properties, consumption feedback and personal value. It means the measure of basketball involvement and Means-End Chain is positively related. This research is expected to provide practical suggestions for basketball shoes retailers on marketing strategy. Furthermore, consumers can realize the real value of basketball expenditure.

OBJECTIVES: Comparing electromyography and physiological measures while walking on various inclines in unstable and stable shoes. METHODS: Eleven healthy females walked on treadmill at +10%, 0% and -10% grade for five minutes each, at self-selected pace, in stable and unstable shoes. The two sessions were done 3weeks apart during which the subjects used unstable shoes for regular activities. Electromyography of lower limb muscles, absolute and relative oxygen consumption, perceived exertion rating and heart rate was calculated. RESULTS: Tibialis anterior activation varied significantly with shoe type, irrespective of grade. Soleus, vastus medialis, and biceps femoris showed activation differences in specific gait phases. There was a main effect for absolute and relative oxygen consumption, RPE and HR only with grade. Shoe type showed no effect. CONCLUSION: Though there is no difference in overall physiological variables, but changes in electromyography in specific phases highlight possible muscle toning benefits of unstable shoes.
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碩士
高雄醫學大學
運動醫學系碩士在職專班
104
The trampoline became a competitive Olympic sport at the 2000 games in Sydney, in which gymnasts perform acrobatics while bouncing on a trampoline. Performance includes simple jumps in the pike, tuck or straddle position to more complex combinations of forward or backward somersaults and twists. Ankle tapping is widely used in the trampoline sport due to repetitive ankle injury and chronic ankle instability. Purpose: Evaluate the effects of ankle taping, general trampoline shoes, and 3 different modified trampoline shoes and how they affect trampoline techniques during vertical jumping on the trampoline bed. Methods: Eighteen (13 men and 5 women) athletes from the Chinese National Trampoline Team who have had no injuries or surgery in the last year. All data was collected at the Beijing National Trampoline Sport Base. Trigno EMG System was used to measure the EMG signals of bilateral Rectus Femoris, medial Hamstring muscle, Tibialis Anterior, lateral gastrocnemius, and Peroneus longus muscle while doing a whole set of jumping. The EMG activities were analyzed for integrated EMG (iEMG) vale in three setting times. The first measurement is called “the initial contact”, where the fifth metatarsal head initially makes contact with the trampoline surface. The second measurement is called “the full press”, where the calcaneus has maximum pressure on the mat. The third measurement is called “the rebounce” where the fifth metatarsal head is exiting the mat. Results: The permutation activation from iEMG starts with the Tibia anterior, Peroneus longus, medial Hamstring muscle, Rectus femoris and Lateral gastrocnemius muscle. The results indicated significant differences when right foot using the 8-shape shoe compared to when using a general trampoline shoe, ankle taping in general shoes, the insoles in general shoes and the combo shoe during the initial contact time, the full press time and the last rebounce time. In conclusion, the 8-shape shoe has improved ankle stability and increased Rectus Femoris, medial Hamstring muscle, and Tibialis Anterior muscle activity during initial contact time and the full press time.

碩士
國立中正大學
企業管理學系碩士在職專班
106
With the growth of coffee drinking population, individual coffee shop sprung up like mushrooms in Tainan city. Most of those shops located in alley or narrow streets due to their funding limitation, which is very different from chained coffee shops located in major roads or department stores with crowded customers. Due to the location is not as competitive as chained coffee shops, individual coffee shops are way behind on Place factor in 4P marketing. At the same time, individual coffee shop has to build its own reputation when business starts, which is quite difficult. This research adopts means-end chain approach as basis, also categorize with content analysis method to draw hierarchy value map (HVM). Using HVM to evaluate individual coffee shop core value for customers, analyze content and follow on marketing strategy, in order to provide coffee shop owners and related suppliers complete customer marketing information to set marketing strategy to meet value of customer, build uniqueness and set market segment. From the result of qualitative research we find that customer favor value from individual coffee shop are: obtain professional coffee knowledge, feel at ease, efficiency, convenience, feel secured, better deal and delight. Value is the ultimate goal when customers go to individual coffee shop, which is hardest to control for owners. Therefore, owners should concentrate on more concrete and easy to build attributes to establish characters of individual coffee shop, in order to increase and attract customers, obtain ultimate value.

Orienting around Plato's allegory of the cave, this dissertation looks back to earlier mythological and historical roots and forward to the spatial aesthetics of "occupation" and "No Child Left Behind," to trace the enduring connection between philosophies and practices of education and sacrificial journeys of descent and emergence. This thematic work of repetition, birth and death, is not so much knowable as it is the privileged way in which we enact and recognize knowing itself. Education, as a spatial practice and a narrative rehearsal, is a way of situating ourselves and organizing our places. Urban Education, rather than being a beleaguered branch of Education proper, cleaves to the very project of Education, emerging as it does out of cities. This is an examination of the philosophical, architectural, urban, aesthetic, and embodied conditions and strategies by which we learn to remember and forget ourselves.

People are increasingly recognizing how their health affects their quality of life, and health is most easily tracked through the use of wearable devices. The goal of this study is to detect and monitor human motion via gait analysis to provide information that will help people enhance their health. After reviewing a range of wearable health-tracking devices, the shoe has been chosen as one of the best device for observing human motion.
Most measurement systems currently used for motion and gait detection are disadvantaged in that they monitor and analyze motion in limited environments and not in real time. Hence, they cannot be used for long-term monitoring and detection. The design of a new, inexpensive, compact and lightweight shoe-integrated platform is elaborated in this thesis. The intelligent shoe system comprises a suite of sensors, a microprocessor board and a wireless communication module. This ideal platform requires no specialized equipment or lab setup, meaning data can be collected not only in the narrow confines of a research lab, but essentially anywhere, whether indoors or outdoors.
Our everyday lives are shaped by a wide variety of motions, some of which can cause injury. Injuries suffered due to falls account for a significant portion of accidents and immediate help should be provided. The intelligent shoe system offers an approach of detecting the user’s motion, especially the movement and direction of a fall. This study used principle component analysis (PCA) to decrease the number of sensors in the prototype (eight pairs) by half (four pairs), so as to reduce computational cost and enhance real-time performance. The resultant system can learn the patterns necessary to detect fall directions from abundant tilted-standing data instead of actual fall data.
Fatigue can result in an abnormal gait, making injury more probable. Hence, detecting fatigue is very important. Experiments have been conducted to determine the relationship between fatigue and gait, and the resultant data are used to analyze the relationship between force information and foot attitude. These findings can help a user detect fatigue and avoid injury.
People carry various kinds of loads in their daily lives, and long-term load-bearing activities can result in motion deformation. Another objective of this study is to determine a load-carrying approach that will decrease such deformation to a great extent. Resampling is used to partition the related data cycle by cycle. A support vector machine (SVM) is adopted to model a user’s normal walking gait and abnormal gaits without loads, which allows for the determination of whether a gait is normal when a load is carried.
To enhance overall health, exercise is commonly adopted, but many forms of exercise are dull. The proposed system’s shoe-computer interface not only helps people obtain detailed lower-body feedback, but can also be used to promote everyday exercise. People are analyzed while sitting for long periods in the workplace, and two interfaces are designed as a result: the shoe-keyboard, in which the feet are used to type words into a computer, and the shoe-write system, in which the foot is used like a hand to write on the ground, with the words displayed on the computer screen. Both of these applications use back-propagation (BP) networks to classify the motions involved. The shoe-keyboard is based on logical coding to map the motion-to-word relationship, and the shoe-write system incorporates an optical tracker to translate motion into information.
人們現在越來越重視自己的生活質量，而健康方面是最為重要的。穿戴式設備是最好容易使用的檢測健康的設備。本文的目標是通過智能鞋，來檢測步態，對其進行分析和預測，已達到檢測和提高人們的健康水平的要求。
現在絕大多數的步態運動檢測系統都不是實時的且長時間工作的。在研究中，基於鞋子的智能系統被提出并得以實現，其具有便宜，緊湊，輕便等的優點。該系統包括壓力和加速度傳感器，處理芯片和無線傳輸模塊。這種設計將滿足日常步態信息的採集，并且把環境影響的因素放置最小，以達到室內室外都可長時間連續實時監測的要求。
在本論文中，對一系列日常生活的行為進行檢測和分類，尤其是最為危險的摔倒。本系統通過採用主成分分析，對已有的壓力傳感器進行的了分析，在保證了預測的準確性的前提下，將壓力傳感器由8對減少至4對，大大的降低了運算的次數，使得該系統實時性更好。同時本系統通過傾斜站立獲得的數據并應用于跌倒方向的檢測，並且有著良好的結果。
在本文中，對疲勞步態進行的分析，通過設計實驗，來區分不同疲勞程度下人們的步態。壓力信號較為明顯，同時加速度反映出每一步的劇烈程度。最終結果表明，壓力和加速度相輔相成，與疲勞程度的關係也很明顯，基於這種關係，本系統對疲勞程度進行了預測，通過壓力傳感器的信號，預測疲勞的程度，實驗結果也較為理想。
長時間的負責對身體的負擔很大，在本文中，著重的分析了在不同負重方式下，步態的變化，並且通過對比正常步態，採用支持向量機進行分類。在分類的過程中，通過重新採樣，將採集的數據轉變為一步為一組的數據，進行分類，最終得到的結果表明，平衡狀態下的負重是最好的。
對於健康而言，除了檢查受傷和疲勞，提升自身的身體素質也尤為重要。在本文中，介紹了兩種基於智能鞋的應用，在鍛煉下肢靈活度的同時，也避免了鍛煉的無聊。智能鞋鍵盤是通過腳踝的運動，基於一定的編碼方式，已達到在電腦上輸入文字的方式。智能鞋寫字系統是通過對下腳點的定位結合光電傳感器記錄位移，最終獲得文字輸入。應用BP神經網絡，對腳下點進行了分類，結合壓力傳感器和腿部建模，可以準確的區分30個的基本點的位置，從而獲得每筆的起點。最終完成寫字輸入。
Tao, Yanbo.
Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-141).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 12, October, 2016).
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.