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1
Ishikawa, Rei. "Historical shoreline change and beach morphodynamics at Rapahoe Bay, West Coast, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1507.
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This thesis utilises a range of methodologies to investigate the historical shoreline change and beach morphodynamics at Rapahoe Bay, West Coast, New Zealand. Rapahoe Bay is a small embayment located 15 km north of Greymouth, and contains a complex and dynamic environment under a dominant swell condition. The objectives of this thesis include the investigation the coastline history through aerial photographs and relevant literature, identify and quantify historical shoreline change and the processes that have induced change, examine the short term and seasonal changes in beach profile, identify and quantify wave and transport process and to test the applicability of the zeta shoreline curve on a composite beach. This combined approach investigates the dynamics and process drivers involved in coastline change. This thesis contributes to the research gap of understanding morphodynamic behaviour and controls of composite beach under a dominant swell. Composite beaches types are a variation from mixed sand and gravel beaches with distinct morphological differences. This thesis provides an insight in to the morphodynamic behaviour of composite beaches. The study area contains a small village based by the shoreline and the potential coastal hazard that threatens people, property and infrastructure. Therefore the results from this thesis have an important management implication towards mitigating coastal hazards. The historical coastline change was induced through a combination of wave processes and transport, composite beach morphodynamic behaviour, anthropogenic influence and planform shape. Results show that human infrastructure restricted the retreat of a small hapua landward of the gravel barrier. A combination of change in sediment supply, consistent sediment transport and a high wave energy environment resulted in rapid landward retreat through gravel rollover and coastal erosion. The gravel barrier morphodynamics include increase in crest elevation, steeper shore gradients as a response to high swells resulting in erosion or rollover. The wave environment includes a sediment transport hinge point due to a dominant wave refraction and changes in the shoreline orientation, which further induces coastal erosion. The valid applicability of the zeta planform shape concludes that the shoreline may further iii retreat due to geological controls, potential sediment transport and the transgressive nature of the composite beaches. The combination of methods and results provide both quantified historical change and also potential future scenarios of coastline reshaping. These methods and results are applicable not only to Rapahoe but along other West Coast composite beaches, and the validity of the combination of methods provides a greater understanding of the behaviour of morphodynamic composite beaches and provides quantified results of historical shoreline change and sediment transport at the field site.
2
Ali, Tarig Abdelgayoum. "New methods for positional quality assessment and change analysis of shoreline features." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1070308923.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 142 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Ronxing Li, Dept.of Civil Engineering and Geodetic Science. Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-142).
3
Pearre, Nathaniel S. "SANDCam at Rehoboth quantifying shoreline change using video /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 81 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459914901&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Zacharioudaki, Anna. "Mathematical modelling of shoreline evolution under climate change." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/473.
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This study focuses on the impact of potential changes in the wind-wave climate on shoreline change. The 'one-line' model for medium to long-term prediction of coastline evolution is employed. New analytical and numerical solutions of this important model are described. Specifically: 1) original semi-analytical solutions are derived that relax the unrealistic assumption of existing analytical work that a constant wave condition drives shoreline change and, 2) a more general form of the one-line model is solved with a novel application of the 'Method of Lines'. Model input consists of 30-year nearshore wave climate scenarios, corresponding to the 'present' (1961-1990) and the future (2071-2100). Winds from a high resolution, (12km x 12km), regional climate model, obtained offshore of the south-central coast of England at a dense temporal resolution of 3 hours, are used to develop the aforementioned wave climate scenarios, through hindcast and inshore wave transformation. A hypothetical shoreline segment is adopted as a 'benchmark' case for comparisons. Monthly and seasonal statistics of output shoreline positions are generated and assessedfo r relative changeso f 'significance' between 'present' and future. Different degrees of evidence that such changes do exist are found. This study is the first application of such high resolution climate model output to investigate climate change impact on shoreline response. Major findings include: 1) shoreline changes of 'significance' are strongly linked to 'significant' changes in future wave direction, 2) future changes appear smaller for entire seasons than for individual months, 3) shoreline position variability is often smaller in the future, 4) different climate model experiments produce diverging results; however, general trends are largely similar. The present study, at a fundamental level, offers analytical solutions of the 'oneline' model that are closer to reality and a numerical solution that is of increased effciency. At a practical level, it contributes to better understanding of the patterns of shoreline response to changing offshore wave climate through: 1) the use of fast and straightforward methods that can accommodate numerous climate scenarios without need for data reduction, and 2) the development of a methodology for using climate model output for coastal climate change impact assessment studies.
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Cowart, Lisa Corbett D. Reide. "Analyzing estuarine shoreline change in coastal North Carolina." [Greenville, N.C.] : East Carolina University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/1897.
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Thesis (M.S.)--East Carolina University, 2009.<br>Presented to the faculty of the Department of Geological Sciences. Advisor: D. Reide Corbett. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed May 3, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.
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Orzech, Mark D. "Rip channels, megacusps, and shoreline change measurements and modeling /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/dissert/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FOrzech%5FPhD.pdf.
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Dissertation (Ph.D. in Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.<br>Dissertation supervisor: Thornton, Edward B. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 16, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Rip channels, megacusps, alongshore sediment transport, morphodynamics, XBeach, surf-zone video, correlations, infragravity, VLF. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-108). Also available in print.
7
Gibson, Glen R. "An Analysis of Shoreline Change at Little Lagoon, Alabama." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33661.
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In Alabama, the term "coastal shoreline" applies to the Gulf shoreline and the shorelines of estuaries, bays, and sounds connected to the Gulf of Mexico and subject to its tides. However, Alabama shoreline studies have yet to include Little Lagoon, which has been connected to the Gulf of Mexico for most of the last 200 years, according to historical charts. This study used historical nautical charts, aerial photographs, and LIDAR derived shorelines from 1917 to 2004 to analyze shoreline change on Little Lagoon and its adjacent Gulf shoreline. The high water line was used as the common reference feature, and all shorelines were georeferenced, projected, and digitized in a Geographic In-formation System.
Between 1917 and 2001, the Gulf shoreline eroded an average of 40 m over 12.7 km, with some transects eroding almost 120 m while others accreted almost 60 m. The greatest changes to the Gulf shoreline were found near natural inlets, downdrift of jetties, and coincident with nourishment projects. Between 1955 and 1997, Little Lagoon shrank 0.5%, or 51.4 km², from 10,285.9 km² to 10,234.5 km². The greatest changes to Little Lagoon were found on its southern shoreline and near inlets, human development, and hurricane overwash fans. A correlation analysis conducted on the Gulf shoreline and Little Lagoon' s southern shoreline indicated that although weak overall correlation values exist when the entire 12.7 km study area is compared, strong correlation values are obtained in some areas when compared over one kilometer sections. The strongest correlations were found in the same locations as the greatest changes.<br>Master of Science
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Baykal, Cuneyt. "Numerical Modeling Of Wave Diffraction In One-dimensional Shoreline Change Model." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607885/index.pdf.
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In this study, available coastal models are briefly discussed and under wind waves and a numerical shoreline change model for longshore sediment transport based on &ldquo<br>one-line&rdquo<br>theory is developed. In numerical model, wave diffraction phenomenon in one-dimensional modeling is extensively discussed and to represent the irregular wave diffraction in the sheltered zones of coastal structures a simpler approach based on the methodology introduced by Kamphuis (2000) is proposed. Furthermore, the numerical model results are compared with analytical solutions of accretion and erosion at a single groin. An application to a case study of a groin field constructed to the east side of Kizilirmak river mouth, at Bafra alluvial plain, is carried out by the numerical model. The results of comparisons show that the numerical model is in good agreement with the analytical solutions of shoreline changes at a groin. Similarly, numerical model results are compared with field data of Bafra and it is shown that they are in good agreement qualitatively. Therefore, the numerical model is accepted to be capable of representing of shoreline evolution qualitatively even for complex coastal regions.
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Miselis, Jennifer L. "Nearshore morphology and lithology: Links to framework geology and shoreline change." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616778.
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Despite evidence of the geologic and morphologic complexity of inner shelves worldwide, there is a paucity of observations from the nearshore, inhibiting direct comparison of these factors to coastal change. Using geophysical instruments to characterize the geology of the nearshore, this research focuses on the relationships between nearshore stratigraphy, sediment heterogeneity, shoreface morphology and shoreline behavior. While generally not considered in engineering models of shoreline evolution, these factors influence nearshore processes. Overall, the findings presented highlight the importance of nearshore geology, both at the seafloor and underlying it, in contributing to modem sediment transport processes affecting beaches. Shallow, sub-seafloor geology limits the availability of nearshore sediment available for exchange with the shoreline and is correlated to shoreline change occurring over time scales related to coastal sediment resource management (decades). Shore-oblique sandbars are related to higher volumetric variability in the nearshore and on the beach, whereas traditional shore-parallel sandbars are not. Shorelines adjacent to shore-oblique bars respond to hurricanes and nor'easters differently than other regions of shoreline, helping to explain some spatial variability in patterns of shoreline erosion and accretion. Finally, the geologic framework underlying the seafloor is a source of mixed sediments to the modern coastal system. This contribution has implications for the formation and preservation of specific inner shelf morphologies associated with varied sediments. These results further our knowledge of the geologic variability inherent to sandy coastlines and challenge coastal scientists and engineers to represent this natural variability in predictive models of shoreline change to better predict coastal response to rising sea level and storms.
10
Zink, Jason Michael. "Using Modern Photogrammetric Techniques to Map Historical Shorelines and Analyze Shoreline Change Rates: Case Study on Bodie Island, North Carolina." NCSU, 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12192002-155357/.
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The efficacy of coastal development regulations in North Carolina is dependent on accurately calculated shoreline erosion rates. North Carolina?s current methodology for regulatory erosion rate calculation does not take advantage of emerging GIS, photogrammetric, and engineering technologies. Traditionally, historical shoreline positions from a database created in the 1970s have been coupled with a modern shoreline position to calculate erosion rates. The photos from which these historical shorelines come were subject to errors of tilt, variable scale, lens distortion, and relief displacement. Most of these errors could be removed using modern photogrammetric methods. In this study, an effort was made to acquire and rectify, using digital image processing, prints of the original historical photography for Bodie Island, North Carolina. The photography was rectified using the latest available desktop photogrammetry technology. Digitized shorelines were then compared to shorelines of similar date created without the benefit of this modern technology. Uncertainty associated with shoreline positions was documented throughout the process. It was found that the newly created shorelines were significantly different than their counterparts created with analog means. Many factors caused this difference, including: choice of basemaps, number of tie points between photos, quality of ground control points, method of photo correction, and shoreline delineation technique. Using both linear regression and the endpoint method, a number of erosion rates were calculated with the available shorelines. Despite the differences in position of shorelines of the same date, some of the calculated erosion rates were not significantly different. Specifically, the rate found using all available shorelines prior to this study was very similar to the rate found using all shorelines created in this study. As a result of this and other factors, it was concluded that a complete reproduction of North Carolina?s historical shoreline database may not be warranted. The new rectification procedure does have obvious value, and should be utilized in those locations where there is no existing historical data, or where existing data is thought to be of poor quality. This would especially be the case near inlets or other historically unpopulated areas.
11
Robertson, William. "Airborne Laser Quantification of Florida Shoreline and Beach Volume Change Caused by Hurricanes." FIU Digital Commons, 2007. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/35.
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This dissertation combines three separate studies that measure coastal change using airborne laser data. The initial study develops a method for measuring subaerial and subaqueous volume change incrementally alongshore, and compares those measurements to shoreline change in order to quantify their relationship in Palm Beach County, Florida. A poor correlation (R2 = 0.39) was found between shoreline and volume change before the hurricane season in the northern section of Palm Beach County because of beach nourishment and inlet dynamics. However, a relatively high R2 value of 0.78 in the southern section of Palm Beach County was found due to little disturbance from tidal inlets and coastal engineering projects. The shoreline and volume change caused by the 2004 hurricane season was poorly correlated with R2 values of 0.02 and 0.42 for the north and south sections, respectively. The second study uses airborne laser data to investigate if there is a significant relationship between shoreline migration before and after Hurricane Ivan near Panama City, Florida. In addition, the relationship between shoreline change and subaerial volume was quantified and a new method for quantifying subaqueous sediment change was developed. No significant spatial relationship was found between shoreline migration before and after the hurricane. Utilization of a single coefficient to represent all relationships between shoreline and subaerial volume change was found to be problematic due to the spatial variability in the linear relationship. Differences in bathymetric data show only a small portion of sediment was transported beyond the active zone and most sediment remained within the active zone despite the occurrence of a hurricane. The third study uses airborne laser bathymetry to measure the offshore limit of change, and compares that location with calculated depth of closures and subaqueous geomorphology. There appears to be strong geologic control of the depth of closure in Broward and Miami-Dade Counties. North of Hillsboro Inlet, hydrodynamics control the geomorphology which in turn indicates the location of the depth of closure.
12
Fehrenbacher, Fairlight Marie. "Predicting shoreline change due to nearshore dredging at Folly Island, South Carolina." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21527.
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St, John Courtney C. H. "A comparative assessment of shoreline change policy options in the United States." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1211396723/.
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Schupp, Courtney A. "Shore-Oblique Bars, Nearshore Gravel Outcrops, and their Correlation to Shoreline Change." W&M ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617840.
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Sitanggang, Khairil Irfan. "Numerical modeling of alongshore sediment transport and shoreline change along the Galveston coast." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1622.
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An alongshore sediment transport and shoreline change analysis on Galveston Island in the period of 1990-2001 is conducted in this study using the Generalized Model for Simulating Shoreline Change (GENESIS). The study is divided into three main parts: 1. Assessment of the numerical accuracy of GENESIS, 2. Assessment of the alongshore sediment transport and shoreline change on the Galveston coast in the period of 1990-2001, and 3. Assessment of several erosion control practices on the Galveston coast for the period of 2001-2011. The first assessment shows that GENESIS has a numerical error which tends to be large for low energy wave (small breaking wave height) and large breaking wave angle. This numerical inaccuracy cannot be neglected and needs to be compensated for. This can be done, for instance, by adjusting the transport parameter K1.
In the second assessment, good agreement between the calculated and measured transport/shoreline is achieved, particularly on the West Beach. Comparison between the potential alongshore sediment transport and sediment budget-inferred alongshore transport provides a systematic way of selecting the proper wave data set for the alongshore and shoreline change calculation. The third assessment proves that beach nourishment is the best alternative to overcome/reduce the erosion problem on the Galveston coast. Constructing coastal structure (groins, offshore breakwater) on the West Beach does not resolve the problem of erosion, but instead shifts it further west.
16
Garcia-Rubio, Gabriela. "Evaluation of shoreline change using optical satellite images : case study of Progreso, Yucatán." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/921.
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A technique to extract the shoreline from optical satellite images has been developed, evaluated and applied to the case study site of Progreso, Yucatán, México. This site was chosen as it is frequently subject to hurricanes, shows shoreline erosion and has a paucity of coastal data. The area under investigation is an 8 km length of shoreline that faces north into the Gulf of México. A novel method to extract satellite-derived shorelines (SDS) was developed ensuring the maximum contrast between sea and land. The SDS was validated using quasisimultaneous in situ shoreline measurements from one day in two different years (2008 and 2010). The in situ shoreline measurements recorded the instantaneous shorewards extent of the wave run-up when walking along the beach. The validation of SDS revealed that the SDS locates consistently seawards of the in situ shoreline, explained by: a) the water depth that an optical satellite image requires to identify a pixel either as sea or land, and b) the shorewards extent of the wave run-up. At Progreso, the overall distance between SDS and in situ shoreline is 5.6 m on average and standard deviation of 1.37 m (in the horizontal) over 8 km of shoreline. For an accurate location of the mean SDS, estimation of the shorewards extent of the wave run-up, tidal level and inter-tidal beach slope were required. In situ measurements regarding the beach profile, shoreline location and water levels were taken into consideration to achieve this. The shoreline change observed over a 6.5 year period allowed the estimation of intraannual and inter-annual shoreline changes and progressive changes in the shoreline location. The intra-annual shoreline change revealed seasonality in the shoreline position. The shoreline position from late winter (March 20, 2004) was landwards (approx. 5 to 9 m) in relation to the earlier winter shoreline position (November 11, 2003). The assessed SDSs from the hurricane season (June to November) are at the landwards envelope limit during the year, between -30 to 15 m in relation to the estimated mean SDS. The largest landward movement (100 m) is related to Hurricane Ivan, detected 13 days after the hurricane passed by Yucatán. The inter-annual shoreline change highlighted that an approximate length of 6 km of shoreline is retreating at a rate between -2.4 and -1.2 m per year. Such estimates of shoreline change would not be possible using other available coastal information at this site. The results of this research show that optical satellite images can be used to study shoreline change over large spatial scales (> 5 km), as well as in short (< 1 yr) and long (> 5 yrs) temporal scales.
17
Rose, John W. "Impact of natural and artificial ebb channel position realignment on oceanfront shoreline change." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-3/r1/rosej/johnrose.pdf.
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Meyer, Brian K. "Shoreline Dynamics and Environmental Change Under the Modern Marine Transgression: St. Catherines Island, Georgia." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/geosciences_diss/5.
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The current study has evaluated shoreline dynamics and environmental change at St. Catherines Island, Georgia, with attention to the two major controls of barrier island formation and modification processes. These major controls include the increase in accommodation space, or the rate of sea level rise for the Georgia Bight which has remained constant in 20th and 21st century tide gauge data and dynamically changing rates of sediment supply based on anthropogenic modifications to land cover (Trimble, 1974) that are reflected in sediment transport (McCarney-Castle et al., 2010). Vibracoring and radiocarbon data provided valuable insights into the stratigraphy and development of St. Catherines Island. A stratigraphic model has been developed for the sediments associated with the Late Holocene accretional terrains where multiple small scale fluctuations in sea level have resulted in the formation of a sedimentary veneer punctuated with transgressive surfaces and regressive sequences. A working model for an interpolated Late Holocene sea level curve has been constructed using direct evidence from vibracore data as constraining points and indirect evidence from other regional sea level studies to provide additional structure. The relationship between the timing of the regressions versus periods of beach ridge formation and implications from the current shoreline dynamics study regarding the role of sediment supply complement each other. The ages of beach ridge formation strongly correlate to periods that are associated with regressions in sea level based on the sedimentary record and an evaluation of Late Holocene sea level conditions. The evaluation of anthropogenic modifications to the rate of sediment supply performed under the current study indicates that in spite of significant changes in sediment flux rates of +300% (pre-dam era) and -20% (post-dam era), shoreline retreat was continuous during the study period with an acceleration noted in the rates of shoreline retreat associated with spit and berm landforms during the post-dam or modern era. The two associations indicate strongly that the rate of sediment supply plays a secondary role to the major control of the rate of sea level rise in the formation and modification processes at St. Catherines Island.
19
Jackson, Chester W. "Quantitative shoreline change analysis of an inlet-influenced transgressive barrier system : Figure Eight Island, North Carolina /." Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/jacksonc/chesterjackson.pdf.
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Houben, Adam James. "Effect of Shoreline Subsidence and Anthropogenic Activity on Northwest Territories’ Lakes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35679.
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Thawing permafrost – in the form of shoreline retrogressive thaw slump events – influence adjacent arctic tundra lake systems near Inuvik, NT. Slump-affected lakes demonstrated lower organic matter and key nutrients such as phosphorus (P), as well as greater water clarity. Key terrestrial permafrost soil indicators such as U, Sr, and Li, were identified to be elevated in slump-affected lakes, while other more biologically important metals (e.g. Fe, Mn) were significantly lower in affected lakes. These physical-chemical changes led to increasing P-limitation for both phytoplankton and periphyton, resulting in lower phytoplankton biomass (Chl-a). Using P as covariate in ANCOVA analysis, slump-affected lakes were also lower in phytoplankton biomass (Chl-a) relative to other study landscapes across the Canadian low-Arctic.
Slump-affected lakes also exhibited lower organic matter leading to lower overall Hg concentrations within slump-affected lakes. However, this same reduction in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) has also led to an increase in bioavailable Hg, and increased bioaccumulation of Hg in both periphyton as well as macroinvertebrate species in our most disturbed lakes with DOC concentrations less than 6 and 9 mg DOC/L, respectively. A negative correlation between Hg bioaccumulation and DOC above these concentrations was also observed, and is the typical condition within reference lakes.
The legacy impacts of mining were also observed in lakes within 25 km of the Giant Mine roaster stack in the Yellowknife region. Increases in both arsenic (As) and methyl mercury were measured in lakes nearer to the mine, with As concentrations well above water quality guidelines in lakes within 17 km of the roaster stack. This research highlights the necessity of baseline environmental monitoring prior to resource development, as well as the potential for compounded influences of such development within sensitive permafrost regions exposed to thawing.
21
Wikel, Geoffrey L. "Variability in Geologic Framework and Shoreline Change: Assateague and Wallops Islands, Eastern Shore of Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617877.
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Taylor, Rachel Marie. "Change in Shoreline Position for Two Consecutive Years Using LIDAR Along the Outer Banks, North Carolina." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1357263024.
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Taylor, Christina Claudette. "A geographic information system (GIS) based determination of estuarine and marine wetland and shoreline changes in the Galveston Bay estuary from 1995 to 2002." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85966.
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The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify estuarine and marine wetland
and shore changes circa Galveston Bay Estuary (GBE) from 1995 to 2002 by using
aerial photography and GIS mapping techniques. Aerial photographs in digital format
were acquired from Texas Natural Resource Information System (TNRIS) and the
Houston Galveston Area Council (HGAC); these photographs were selected because the
images were taken at the time period desired, existed in digital formats at resolutions of
1 m or greater, and were in coordinate systems that were already in or could be properly
aligned and georeferenced.
Maps for each of thirty quadrangles that include estuarine and/or marine habitats
around the GBE were created, depicting wetlands and shorelines for the years 1995 and
2002 as well as changes between the two time periods. Polygons representing different
habitats in 1995 were drawn while working at a scale of 1:4,000 or greater. Maps of
habitats in 2002 and maps showing changes from 1995 to 2002 were produced by
modifying individual 1995 polygons to document boundary shifts or habitat changes from 1995 to 2002. All resulting maps were constructed at 1:24,000 scale in UTM NAD
83 coordinate system to match USGS quad maps. Areas of each habitat in 1995 and
2002 and changes between the two years were calculated in acres and comparisons were
made.
There were four objectives developed to be examined by the creation of the new set of
maps for GBE. They were to determine habitat changes during the time period in
question, effectiveness of mapping technique, where differences in change occurred, and
what type (i.e. erosion, development, accretion, etc.) of change occurred.
My analyses of these maps indicated that there were 117,670 acres of estuarine
wetlands and 21,983 acres of unconsolidated estuarine and marine shores present in
1995. In 2002, these values changed to 116,534 acres of estuarine wetlands and 21,630
acres of estuarine and marine shores. The rate of wetland loss was estimated as 162
acres per year or 0.1% of all wetlands annually from 1995 to 2002. This rate has slowed
from the previous rate of 405 acres per year or 0.4% in 1979 and remained the same as
the 161 acres per year or 0.1% reported in 1993 for the GBE. Further, the results of my
analyses indicated that losses from direct human influences (e.g. development, dredging,
and filling) were less than losses associated with natural processes like erosion and
subsidence.
24
Fulat, Alper Ihsan. "Investigating Time Series Shoreline Changes By Integration Of Remote Sensing And Geographical Information Systems." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606912/index.pdf.
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Spatial analyses of shoreline recession and accretion, and future shoreline position predictions in coastal countries have considerable importance due to engineering, planning, management and environmental concerns. In spite of this importance, there are only a few studies in Turkey.
The aim of this thesis are to determine the shoreline rate-of-change of Bü<br>yü<br>k Menderes Delta, by geographical information systems for the last fifty-year period, in order to approximate future shoreline position of Bü<br>yü<br>k Menderes Delta shoreline, and to evaluate appropriate models while predicting the future shoreline position.
To achieve the purpose of the study time series shoreline position data is extracted from three sets of topographic maps belonging to 1954-1957, 1977-1978 and 1993 aerial photographs and two sets of high resolution satellite imageries (January 2002 Ikonos, August 2004 QuickBird). Then Coastal script of TNTMips, which uses some statistical shoreline analyses methods, that are End Point Rate (EPR), Average of Rates (AOR), Linear Regression (LR) and Jackknifing (JK) is edited so that it can locate the future shoreline positions on the map. Suitable baselines are created and appropriate transect intervals are decided to analyze the shoreline. Finally, some additional analyses that are Backward Analysis and Oscillation Analysis are done to obtain most suitable future shoreline position with rate-of-changes. The results showed that, shorelines having different geomorphologic characteristics needed to be analyzed separately and the linear methods to model the future shoreline position differ from one geomorphologic region to another.
25
Liski, Anja Helena. "Hold the line or give in to the sea? : deliberative citizen engagement in governance to adapt to sea level rise on the shoreline." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33070.
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Shorelines, including the Inner Forth in Scotland, are facing unprecedented challenges with climate change. Rising sea levels mean that stakeholders need to work closely to deliver adaptation, such as the nature-based option of intentionally realigning shorelines landwards to give the sea more space. Drawing from workshops, interviews and surveys with citizens living on the shores of the Inner Forth, and semi-structured interviews with locally active organisations and land-owners, this thesis examines the governance context and methodological issues of citizen engagement in adaptation, with a focus on the use of participatory valuation tools. In particular, I develop citizen-oriented methodological options for integrated and deliberative valuation to address issues of inclusivity and knowledge gaps. The novelty of the deliberative valuation presented here is based on the explicit consideration of awareness gaps from both expert and local perspectives. The results show that even though emerging collaborative institutions are broadening the spectrum of stakeholders engaged in shoreline governance, they do not yet include representative groups of citizens. Empirical material presented here suggests that bridging the citizen engagement gap would potentially support the uptake of nature-based adaptation options, enhance legitimacy of decision-making processes, and bring other-regarding moral principles and biocentric values into decision-making. However, as the valuation results from the citizen workshops illustrate (in resonance with the central tenets of the Intergovernmental science-policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services), commonly applied valuation methods may be too narrow in their framing to capture plural values and world views. Furthermore, the ability of citizens to engage in adaptation is limited by knowledge gaps regarding the local area and the pressures it is facing. The deliberative citizen-oriented approach to valuation developed here led to the emergence of clearer priorities, improved choice model fit and participant confidence, providing empirical evidence to support the premise that deliberation builds citizens' ability to engage in adaptation. In addition to contributing empirical insights on how adaptation governance is unfolding on local scales, this thesis responds to methodological discussions on the use of valuation for citizen engagement in three main ways: 1) it demonstrates that the choice of value framings impacts the engagement outcomes; 2) it illustrates how deliberative valuation can shape citizens' attitudes towards the uptake of adaptation measures; 3) it provides evidence of the specific role that local knowledge plays in improving the outcomes of deliberative valuation.
26
Nunez, Mirtha Karinna. "Modeling Shoreline Change and Resulting Wetland Response Due to Erosion and Sea-Level Rise: A Case Study in Dorchester County, Maryland." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617890.
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The present study was focused on developing a shoreline change forecast and wetland response model for Dorchester County, MD, to evaluate the vulnerability of wetlands to shoreline erosion and inundation due to relative sea level rise. The model considers the following forces involved in wetland stability and sustainability: inundation (as a function of topography and sea-level rise), shoreline erosion, vertical accretion and horizontal migration. To predict the long-term risk to nearshore wetlands and the potential habitat zone for wetlands in the next 50 years, shoreline change due to inundation and erosion/accretion was assessed within the frameworks of two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses. To that end, three different scenarios were taken into account in the shoreline change forecast. The first (conservative) scenario estimated the future shoreline positions based on historic sea-level rates of change and historic erosion/accretion rates. The other two scenarios employed accelerated rates of sea-level rise and accelerated rates of shoreline erosion/accretion in the shoreline forecast. Two different approaches were employed to spatially analyze and combine the outputs of the projections based on inundation and erosion. A Maximum Change approach and a Characterization of the Inundation Forecast were carried out in each scenario. The future location of the shoreline was defined as the wetland-water boundary. The wetland-upland boundary was defined based on current topography (elevations at 2 times the tidal range above mean low water), and the potential wetland habitat was restricted to areas that are not presently developed and/or not behind a shoreline defense structure. The outputs of this model allow identification of potential future wetland habitats where wetland protection and restoration strategies can be directed. This model approach can serve as a prototype for expanded investigations in other coastal habitats.
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Xu, Tongtong. "Wave transformation and alongshore sediment transport due to obliquely oriented shoreface-connected ridges." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54466.
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The inner continental shelf off the western half of the barrier island Fire Island, NY, is characterized by a series of obliquely oriented shoreface-connected ridges. The long-term historic shoreline record shows persistent undulations in shoreline shape at an alongshore scale similar to the alongshore scale of the ridges. This suggests that the ridges affect the wave transformation, alongshore sediment transport and corresponding shoreline change. These processes are investigated by utilizing the SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore) model, forced with realistic wave parameters, on a simplified, synthetic bathymetry replicating the scales of the shoreface-connected ridges. Results indicate that the relative magnitude of alongshore variations of modeled waves, alongshore transport, and the corresponding shoreline change are highly correlated with the relative orientation of the incoming waves to the ridges. Alongshore variations in both wave height and direction along the breaker line are much stronger when the predominant wave direction is along the main axis of the ridges rather than perpendicular to the ridge crests. This pattern of wave height variation is further explained by evaluating the directional energy spectrum and using a reverse ray-tracing technique. The gradients of the alongshore sediment transport, which lead to shoreline change, also appear to be stronger for waves with an angle of incidence similar to the ridge orientation. These results help explain the relationship between the oblique shoreface-connected ridges and the corresponding shoreline changes and shed light on the connection between the inner-shelf ridges and persistent shoreline undulations for the Western portion of Fire Island.
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Artagan, Salih Serkan. "A One-line Numerical Model For Shoreline Evolution Under The Interaction Of Wind Waves And Offshore Breakwaters." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607364/index.pdf.
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A numerical model based on one-line theory is developed to evaluate the wind wave driven longshore sediment transport rate and shoreline change. Model performs wave transformation from deep water through the surf zone and computes the breaking parameters. The formula of longshore sediment transport rate used in the numerical model is selected as a result of comparative studies with the similar expressions and the field measurements. Offshore breakwater module of the numerical model is developed to compute the change of shoreline behind single or multiple offshore breakwaters. The validity of the numerical model was confirmed by comparing model results with the shoreline change given within the sheltered zone behind the offshore breakwaters. A series of offshore breakwaters are hypothetically proposed for a case study where a series of groins were constructed whose numerical model results qualitatively matched well with the field measurements. The results of the influences of offshore breakwaters on the shoreline predicted by the model are discussed comparatively with the case study.
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Letham, Bryn. "Long-term human-environment interaction on dynamic coastal landscapes : examples from 15,000 years of shoreline and settlement change in the Prince Rupert Harbour area." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63139.
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This dissertation explores the intersections of past human settlement and the dynamism of coastal landscapes in the Prince Rupert Harbour area, in Tsimshian territory on the northern Northwest Coast, British Columbia. Taking relative sea level (RSL) and shoreline change as a major physical force in coastal people’s lives, both past and present, I explore how coastal fisher-hunter-gatherers occupied this transforming landscape and ultimately consider ways in which people’s engagement with the shores they lived upon may have been generative of new relationships to place and people. A reconstruction of the history of RSL change over the last 15,000 years is developed and presented. This is used to design a predictive model for landforms ideal for human habitation associated with raised paleoshorelines. A field survey of several of these targets identified three archaeological sites dating between 9500 and 6000 BP, pushing the archaeologically-recorded occupation of the area back 3000 years. These early Holocene sites indicate persistent use of places into the later Holocene as shoreline positions shifted with regressing RSL; it is proposed that this is associated with notions of territorial proprietorship acquired through historical precedence of use.
The second half of the dissertation presents a study of the developmental history of several large late Holocene village sites associated with massive anthropogenic shell-bearing components. It is argued that these sites themselves are significant anthropogenic transformations to shorelines, and it is demonstrated that there are instances where shell was very rapidly accumulated to raise, extend, or level landforms, and likely to buffer against foreshore erosion. I contend that many of the landscapes of the Northwest Coast are ‘fisher-hunter-gatherer built environments’, and argue that increased physical investments in modifying coastlines may be associated with a transformation in the way territorial proprietorship is conceived. Specifically, I suggest it is associated with the formalization of institutionalized proprietorship systems similar to the rigid systems observed ethnographically for the Tsimshian, and that this may have resulted from the arrival of large numbers of newcomers to the region over the last 3000 years. The institutionalization of systems governing access to territory and resources enhanced social inequalities.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Anthropology, Department of<br>Graduate
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Solet, Kimberly. "Thirty Years of Change: How Subdivisions on Stilts have Altered A Southeast Louisiana Parish's Coast, Landscape and People." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1029.
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In thirty years, the number of second homes for recreation fishers in coastal Terrebonne Parish has grown from 244 in the late 1970s to an estimated 2,500 in 2005. This thesis considers the ramifications of the tourism boom along the parish's historically isolated and undeveloped coastline. Four coastal communities are examined: (1) Montegut, Pointe-aux-Chenes and Isle de Jean Charles; (2) Cocodrie and Chauvin; (3) Dulac; and (4) Dularge and Theriot. The research question is twofold: Why has coastal tourism been allowed to develop in the fragile wetlands that protect residents from dangerous storms?; and What does tourism development mean for the indigenous American Indian and Cajun people who live along the coast? The author argues the proliferation of recreation fishing camps has had a serious dislocating effect on coastal Terrebonne's population, and the ongoing development of the tourism industry will devastate culturally rich bayou regions.
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Safak, Ilgar. "Numerical Modeling Of Wind Wave Induced Longshore Sediment Transport." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607336/index.pdf.
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In this study, a numerical model is developed to determine shoreline changes due to wind wave induced longshore sediment transport, by solving sediment continuity equation and taking one line theory as a base, in existence of seawalls, groins, T-groins, offshore breakwaters and beach nourishment projects, whose dimensions and locations may be given arbitrarily. The model computes the transformation of deep water wave characteristics up to the surf zone and eventually gives the result of shoreline changes with user-friendly visual outputs. A method of representative wave input as annual average wave characteristics is presented. Compatibility of the currently developed tool is tested by a case study and it is shown that the results, obtained from the model, are in good agreement qualitatively with field measurements. In the scope of this study, input manner of long term annual wave data into model in miscellaneous ways is also discussed.
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Esen, Mustafa. "An Implicit One-line Numerical Model On Longshore Sediment Transport." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608582/index.pdf.
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In this study, a numerical model &ldquo<br>Modified Coast-Structure Interaction Numerical Model&rdquo<br>(CSIM) is developed with an implicit approach to determine the shoreline changes due to wind wave induced longshore sediment transport under the
presence of groins, T-groins and offshore breakwaters by making modifications on the explicit numerical model &ldquo<br>Coast-Structure Interaction Numerical Model&rdquo<br>(CSI). Using representative wave data transformed to a chosen reference depth from deep water, numerical model (CSIM) simulates the shoreline changes considering structure interference. Breaking and diffraction within the sheltered zones of coastal structures defined for offshore breakwaters by using vectorial
summation of the diffraction coefficients and as for T-groins shore-perpendicular part forms a boundary to define the shoreline changes seperately at two sides of the structure. Numerical model, CSIM is tested with a case study by applying in Bafra Delta, Kizilirmak river mouth at Black sea coast of Turkey. Numerical model simulations show that model results are in good agreement qualitatively with field measurements.
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Kulling, Benjamin. "Déformation du rivage et dérive littorale des plages du Golfe du Lion." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0324/document.
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Une approche modélisante du potentiel TSL le long des plages du golfe du Lion est proposée sur la base du modèle d’ingénierie côtière Unibest-LT (Deltares). Sont exploités en entrée de modèle des données de houle de 1979 à 2010 (base de données ANEMOC-2 produite par le Cerema à partir d’une approche modélisante également) conjointement à des données topo-bathymétriques haute résolution LiDAR (base de données Litto3D produite conjointement par le SHOM et l’IGN). Le potentiel de TSL annuel est calculé pour 157 profils topo-bathymétriques couvrant l’ensemble des ∿250 km de littoral étudié dans ce travail de thèse.En premier lieu, le potentiel de TSL annuel résultant est d’abord estimé sur la base d’une année de houle type, établie à partir de 31 ans de houle horaire entre 1979 et 2010, puis pour chaque année entre 1979 et 2010. La différence observée avec le potentiel de TSL annuel résultat « type » permet de discrétiser les années en trois situations : anomalie positive, anomalie négative ou proche de la normale. Par ailleurs, un lien est clairement établi entre la variabilité interannuelle identifiée dans les simulations et les tempêtes. En outre, cette analyse interannuelle menée à l’échelle des plages du golfe du Lion amène à affiner les limites des cellules de dérive littorale potentielle, pour lesquelles trois scénarios d’organisation sont établis : habituel, occasionnel, exceptionnel.Enfin, le lien entre potentiel de TSL annuel résultant et variations du rivage est testé, conformément au large corpus bibliographique qui existe à ce sujet en ingénierie côtière. Cependant, les résultats s’avèrent décevants : une remise en cause de la théorie sous-jacente est proposée<br>Wave data from 1979 to 2010 derived from a large-scale modelling database (ANEMOC-2) were used together with high resolution topo-bathymetric LiDAR data as inputs within the coastal engineering model Unibest-LT (Uniform Beach Sediment - Longshore Transport). The spatial and temporal coverage of these data offers a unique opportunity to carry out a comprehensive study of potential longshore transport intensity and direction.Over the 250 km-long stretch of coast covering the study area, the longshore drift directions computed with the 30-year mean wave climate closely match those of previous findings based on experimental geomorphological methods.Potential LST rates are then computed for each year individually over the 1979-2010 period. Deviations from the 30-year mean LST rates are used to identify 3 cases: positive anomalies, negative anomalies and close to normal. Storm contributions to longshore transport are brought into light: inter-annual variability in LST rates is strongly correlated to >4 m waves occurences.The relationship between LST rates gradients alongshore and shoreline changes is also investigated : despite the significant amout of papers on that subject, results showned in this thesis appears to be disappointing.In the light of these findings, coastal drift cell boundaries are defined taking into account the 30-year mean potential LST rates and the inter-annual variability. This thesis thus highlights the good potential of longshore transport modelling in yielding coherent results that are essential from a shoreline management perspective for future coastal sustainability
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Al, Saleh Fatima. "Numerical Modeling Of Shoreline Changes Around Manavgat River Mouth." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605705/index.pdf.
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River mouths are very active coastal regions. Continuous sediment supply by the river and the movement by wave action cause the shoreline to change in time and space. Modeling of shoreline changes is an essential step before the design of any coastal engineering project. This research aimed to develop a system of numerical models to present the shoreline changes around a river mouth. The system of numerical models has three components: 1) modeling of nearshore wave characteristics, 2) modeling of longshore sand transport rates using the results of the first component, 3) modeling of shoreline changes using the estimated sand transport rates. Thus, firstly, deep water wave characteristics including the annual wave rose affecting Manavgat River mouth have been obtained from the database of NATO TU-WAVES Project. Then REF/DIF1 and SWAN nearshore wave models have been used to find out nearshore wave conditions. Since the results obtained from REF/DIF1 wave model have been found to be more reasonable compared to SWAN&rsquo<br>s output, REF/DIF1 wave model has been used in preparing a time series nearshore reference wave file with three hours time interval. This reference file has been used to run GENESIS. Last step of the numerical shoreline change modelling of Manavgat River mouth was the calibration procedure in which the &ldquo<br>transport parameters&rdquo<br>k1 and k2 have been determined. As there is lack of measurements of shoreline positions that can be used in calibrating shoreline change model, k1 and k2 has been approximately found to be k1=0.516 and k2=0.9 by using an empirical sediment transport formula. As a future study, it is recommended that when the protection structure controlling the river mouth is finished, the measurements of shoreline position behind the structure should be used in verification of shoreline change model in order to get more accurate results.
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Schmied, Lauren. "Cross shore sediment transport and beach profile change." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 297 p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1203570311&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Arias, Moran Cesar Augusto. "Spatio-temporal analysis of Texas shoreline changes using GIS technique." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/408.
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One of the most important aspects of coastal management and planning programs that needs to be investigated is shoreline dynamics. Long-term coastal analysis uses historical data to identify the sectors along the coast where the shoreline position has changed. Among the information that can be obtained from these studies are the general trend of coasts, either advancing or retreating. The erosion or accretion rates at each location can be used to forecast future shoreline positions. The current techniques used to study shoreline evolution are generally based on transects perpendicular to a baseline at selected points. But these techniques proved to be less efficient along more complex shorelines, and need to be refined. A new and more reliable method, the topologically constrained transect method (TCTM), was developed for this study and tested using data available for three sectors of the Texas Gulf Coast. Output data generated from TCTM also allowed performing shoreline evolution analysis and forecasting based on historical positions. Using topological constrained transects, this study provides a new method to estimate total areas of accretion or erosion at each segment of the coastline. Reliable estimates of future gains or losses of land along the coast will be extremely useful for planning and management decisions, especially those related to infrastructure and environmental impacts, and in the development of coastal models. Especially important is the potential to quickly identify areas of significant change, which eliminates the need for preliminary random sample surveying, and concentrate higher-resolution analyses in the most significant places. The results obtained in this research using the new methodology show that the Texas coast generally experiences erosion, with anthropogenic factors responsible for accretion. Accretion areas are located near coastal infrastructure, especially jetties that block the along shore sediment transport. The maximum erosion rate obtained in the study area is 5.48 m/year. This value helps make us aware of the powerful dynamic of the sector.
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Robinet, Arthur. "Modélisation de l’évolution long-terme du trait de côte le long des littoraux sableux dominés par l’action des vagues." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0946/document.
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Les littoraux sableux dominés par l'action des vagues sont des zones très dynamiques où l'aléa érosion menace les activités humaines et la sécurité des personnes. Comprendre et prévoir les évolutions du trait de côte est crucial pour informer et guider les gestionnaires du littoral. Actuellement, aucun modèle numérique ne permet de reproduire les évolutions du trait de côte sur l'ensemble des échelles spatio-temporelles et des configurations de côte requises du fait de limitations numériques et physiques. Cette thèse se concentre sur le développement de nouveaux outils de modélisation à complexité réduite pour simuler les évolutions du trait de côte le long des littoraux sableux dominés par l'action des vagues sur des échelles de temps allant de l'heure à plusieurs décennies avec des temps de calcul réduits. D'abord, un modèle statistique de trait de côte s'appuyant uniquement sur les occurrences saisonnières de régimes de temps est développé. Ce modèle permet de simuler la variabilité du trait de côte à l'échelle pluriannuelle, sans avoir besoin de connaitre les conditions de vagues ou de modéliser le transport sédimentaire. Puis, un nouveau modèle numérique de trait de côte basé sur les vagues (LX-Shore) est développé en intégrant entre autres les forces de certains modèles existants. Il inclut les processus cross-shore et longshore, et couple la dynamique du trait de côte à la propagation des vagues via le modèle spectral de vagues SWAN. Ce modèle permet de simuler l'évolution de formes complexes comme par exemple les flèches sableuses. Ces outils ouvrent aussi la voie vers une meilleure évaluation des évolutions futures du trait de côte, ainsi que de la contribution respective des processus impliqués<br>Wave-dominated sandy coasts are highly dynamic and populated systems increasingly threatened by erosion hazard. Understanding and predicting shoreline change is critical to inform and guide stakeholders. However, there is currently no numerical model able to reproduce and predict shoreline evolution over the full range of temporal scales and coastal geometries owing to numerical and physical limitations. This thesis focuses on the development of new reduced-complexity models to simulate shoreline change along wave-dominated sandy coasts on the timescales from hours to decades with low computation time. First, a statistical shoreline change model based on the seasonal occurrences of some oceanic basin weather regimes is developed. This model allows simulating shoreline variability at the seasonal and interannual scales, without resorting to wave data or sediment transport modeling. Second, a new so-called LX-Shore numerical wave-driven shoreline change model is developed, which takes the best from some existing models and includes additional numerical and physical developments. LX-Shore couples the primary longshore and cross-shore processes and includes the feedback of shoreline and bathymetric evolution on the wave field using a spectral wave model. LX-Shore successfully simulates the dynamics of coastal embayments or the formation of subsequent nonlinear evolution of complex shoreline features such as flying sandspits. It is anticipated that LX-Shore will provide new and quantitative insight into the respective contributions of the processes controlling shoreline change on real coasts for a wide range of wave climates and geological settings
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Guo, Qi. "Bangladesh Shoreline Changes During the Last Four Decades Using Satellite Remote Sensing Data." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503258115717912.
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Dingerson, Lynne M. "Predicting Future Shoreline Condition Based on Land Use Trends, Logistic Regression, and Fuzzy Logic." W&M ScholarWorks, 2005. http://www.vims.edu/library/Theses/Dingerson05.pdf.
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Doughty, S. David. "The influence of inlet modifications, geologic framework, and storms on the recent evolution of Masonboro Island, NC /." Electronic version (PDF), 2006. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2006/doughtys/sdaviddoughty.pdf.
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Baldwin, Jesse H. "Variability in beach topography and forcing along Oak Island, North Carolina." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/baldwinj/jessebaldwin.pdf.
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Overton, Ian Clifford. "Mangrove degradation associated with shoreline sediment changes and seagrass loss in the Bolivar sewage outflow region, north of Adelaide (1949-1993) /." Title page, abstract and table of contents and only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09aro965.pdf.
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Tarus, Anita, and Elea Juell-Skielse. "Identification of Key Activities Contributing to Macro Plastic Waste Flows on the Shoreline of Koh Chang, Thailand : A Quantification of Macroplastic Waste Items." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254208.
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Sustainable development is vital in order for Thailand to continue to develop as in previous years. However, sustainable development cannot be achieved if the amount of macroplastic littering into the oceans does not decrease. In order to facilitate future decision making regarding this issue, this report aims to identify which human activities that contribute the most to the present macroplastic waste items on Thai shorelines. This identification was performed through a simplified material flow analysis based on observations and simple calculations on the island Koh Chang in Ranong. A comparative study was performed on the dissimilar island Koh Larn in Pattaya in order to eliminate any error factors caused by the specific environment on Koh Chang. It was deduced that Grocery Consumption, Fishing and Dining were the Key Activities on the two islands that contributed to the present macroplastic waste. Tourism was also shown to be a great contributor. The study did not find any signs of a current Rate of Accumulation on Koh Chang. However, there were always macroplastic waste items present in the sampling areas which implies that they might pose a threat to the ecosystems. Further research is needed in order to find a suitable solution for this problem.<br>En hållbar utveckling är central för att Thailand ska kunna fortsätta utvecklas på samma sätt som skett de senaste åren. Hållbar utveckling kan dock inte uppnås om mängden makroplaster som hamnar i haven inte minskar. För att underlätta framtida beslutsfattande ämnar denna rapport att identifiera de mänskliga aktiviteter som i störst utsträckning bidrar till de makroplastföremål som går att finna på thailändska kuststräckor. Denna identifiering utfördes genom en simplifierad materialflödesanalys som baserades på observationer och simpla beräkningar på ön Koh Chang i Ranong. En jämförande studie utfördes på den annorlunda ön Koh Larn i Pattaya för att eliminera felfaktorer som kan ha uppstått på grund av Koh Changs specifika förutsättningar. Studien visade att Livsmedelskonsumption, Fiske, och Restaurangbesök var de Nyckelaktiviteter som bidrog till det befintliga makroplastavfallet. Turism visade sig också vara en stor bidragare till makroplastavfall. Studien kunde inte visa på någon Ackumuleringsgrad på Koh Chang. Trots detta fanns alltid makroplastföremål närvarande i provtagningsområdena på Koh Chang, vilket antyder att dessa föremål skulle kunna innebära ett hot mot ekosystemen. Vidare efterforskningar krävs för att hitta en passande lösning på problemet.
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Fechine, Josà Alegnoberto Leite. "AlteraÃÃes no Perfil Natural da Zona Costeira da Cidade de Fortaleza, CearÃ, ao longo do SÃculo XX." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=892.
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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ<br>O objetivo deste trabalho à analisar as aÃÃes dos processos naturais, relacionados com as mudanÃas sociais impostas à Ãrea costeira de Fortaleza, Nordeste do Brasil, ao longo do sÃculo XX. O estudo està individualizado em duas faixas: Sudeste/ Noroeste (SE/NO) e Leste/Oeste (L/O). A primeira parte da desembocadura do Rio Cocà atà a Ponta do Mucuripe e a segunda da Ponta do Mucuripe atà Foz do Rio CearÃ, perfazendo um total de 23 km. Estas faixas sÃo feiÃÃes dinÃmicas que vÃm sofrendo com o avanÃo e recuo da linha de costa. A sua posiÃÃo no espaÃo geogrÃfico muda constantemente em vÃrias escalas temporais (diÃrias, sazonais, decadais, seculares e milenares). Desta forma, a faixa de praia de Fortaleza à afetada por um nÃmero muito grande de fatores, alguns de origens naturais e intrinsecamente relacionadas à dinÃmica costeira (erosÃo costeira, variaÃÃo relativa do nÃvel do mar, dispersÃo de sedimentos), outros relacionados com as intervenÃÃes humanas na zona costeira (obras de engenharia, drenagens, aterramento de praias, construÃÃo de espigÃes, muros de contenÃÃo). O impacto ambiental e as mudanÃas, naturais e sociais, nestas Ãreas, sÃo bastante considerÃveis. Por essas razÃes, à intenso o avanÃo da linha de costa na faixa SE â NO (Praia do Futuro, CaÃa e Pesca e Serviluz), ocorrendo engorda do perfil praial. Na faixa L/0, um recuo da linha de costa em direÃÃo ao continente (Praia do Meireles, Praia de Iracema, Pirambu, L/O e Barra do CearÃ) vem se intensificando. Estas aÃÃes se deram de forma mais intensa posteriormente à construÃÃo da grande obra o Porto do Mucuripe, na dÃcada de 1940, que veio alterar drasticamente toda a dinÃmica costeira da cidade de Fortaleza, colocando-se como um marco das mudanÃas ambientais da Ãrea ao longo do sÃculo XX<br>The objective of this dissertation is to present a synthesis of the natural processes related with the social changes of coastal area of Fortaleza city, Northeast of Brazil, along an area of 23 km, during the 20th century. The study area has been individualized in two bands: southeast/northwest and east/west. The first goes from the mouth of Cocà river until the Mucuripe headland and the second, from this point until the estuary of Cearà river. These bands are dynamic features that are suffering with the advance and recession of the shoreline. Its position changes constantly in many scales (daily and seasonal, but associated with centuries and millenniums). In such a way, the beach band of Fortaleza is affected by a very great number of factors, some of natural origins and related to the coastal dynamics (coastal erosion, relative variation of the sea level, dispersion of sediments), others related with human interventions in the coastal zone (workmanships of engineering, drainings, nourishement of beaches, construction of ridges and seawalls). The envirormental impact and the changes, natural and artificial, in these areas, are considerable. For these reasons there is an intense advance of the shoreline in the band southeast/northwest (Futuro beach, CaÃa e Pesca and Serviluz), with progradation of the beach profile. In the band east/west occurs an intense erosion of the shoreline in direction to the continent (Meireles, Iracema, Pirambu, Barra do CearÃ). These processes are more intense after the construction of the Mucuripe harbor, that modified drastically the coastal dynamics of the studied area and its a marker of the environmental chauges in the coast of Fortaleza city during the 20th century
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Le, Cozannet Gonéri. "Les conséquences de l'élévation du niveau marin pour le recul du trait de côte." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H036/document.
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Dans quelle mesure les variations du niveau marin actuelles agissent-elles sur la mobilité du trait de côte? Cette question est difficile en raison du caractère lacunaire des jeux de données côtières disponibles. Cette thèse montre tout d'abord qu'il est possible d'évaluer l'élévation relative du niveau de la mer en combinant l'interférométrie radar satellitaire l'analyse de données géodésiques ponctuelles telles que le GPS. Elle examine ensuite le cas de littoraux ayant fait l'expérience d'une élévation du niveau de la mer sensiblement différente de la moyenne globale lors des 50 dernières années. Dans le cas d'atolls de Polynésie Française, les données disponibles montrent le rôle majeur des vagues saisonnières et cycloniques pour contrôler l'évolution du trait de côte. Dans certains secteurs, les effets des vagues sont suspectés se combiner avec l'élévation du niveau de la mer pour favoriser l'érosion de secteurs abrités. Dans le cas de la base de données côtière européenne Eurosion, environ 17 000 observations côtières sont disponibles et peuvent être analysées par une méthode d'exploration de données basée sur les réseaux Bayésiens. Une partie de la variabilité spatiale de l'évolution du trait de côte s'explique par le fait que les littoraux de Fennoscandie sont majoritairement en accrétion, alors qu'ils sont affectés par une baisse du niveau de la mer liée au rebond post-glaciaire. D'une manière générale, ces résultats suggèrent qu'il est encore trop tôt pour observer des effets érosifs évidents de l'élévation du niveau de la mer d'origine climatique. Une analyse probabiliste de l'équation du bilan sédimentaire côtier montre que si cette équation est vérifiée, les effets de l'élévation du niveau de la mer deviendront perceptibles à partir de la seconde moitié du XXIe siècle si les objectifs de réduction des gaz à effet de serre ne sont pas atteints. Finalement, cette thèse ouvre un champ de recherches dans le domaine des mathématiques appliquées pour l'étude des conséquences du changement climatique et de l'élévation du niveau de la mer dans les zones côtières<br>To which extent does present day sea-level rise affect shoreline changes? This question remains largely open due to the lack of knowledge and data regarding coastal hydrosedimentary processes and relative sea-level changes (i.e., including vertical ground motions). This PhD Thesis first addresses the question of measuring relative sea-level changes using a combination of geodetic data, including satellite-radar interferometry and permanent GPS stations. Then, it examines the case of coasts that experienced sea-level changes significantly different from the global average over the last 50 years. In the case of atoll islands of French Polynesia, the available data illustrate the major role of southern, trade and cyclonic waves in controlling shoreline changes. For some sheltered coasts, waves are suspected to combine with sea-level rise to favour shoreline retreat. In the case of the European coastal database Eurosion, about 17 000 coastal observations are available and have been analysed using a Bayesian network. Here, part of the spatial variability of shoreline changes can be explained by the fact that Fennoscandian coasts are not only accreting, but also uplifting due to the post-glacial rebound. Overall, these results suggest that it is still too early to observe obvious effects of climate-induced sea-level rise. A probabilistic analysis of the coastal sedimentary equation shows that under common assumptions on hydrosedimentary processes, sea-level rise impacts for beaches should become observable during the second half of the 21st century, if the efforts to maintain climate warming below the 2 C threshold fail. Finally, this PhD thesis offers opportunities for stimulating future research in the field of mathematics applied to the question of climate change and sea-level rise impacts to coastal zones
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Rickard, Darcel. "Community Based Coastal Monitoring: Developing Tools For Sustainable Management." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2247.
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Burgeoning coastal development, recreational use, and the future affects of climate change are placing increasing strain on regulators to manage risk associated with coastal hazards. Low-lying coastal communities in particular are vulnerable to a range of natural hazards including coastal erosion, storm surge inundation, tsunami and water safety that come with varying levels of risk to life and property. New Zealand's coastal hazard monitoring network is patchy and resources are limited. As a consequence there is considerable potential for coastal communities are going to need to take a more active role in monitoring their environment and building data bases and knowledge that can be used to better manage their coast. This paper describes simple methodologies based on the needs of various community groups and sound science principles that can be used to monitor beaches and the coastal environment. By employing these tools councils, technical experts and community groups will be able to make better-informed decisions for managing activities in the coastal environment. One of the keys to the successful uptake of a monitoring programme by a community group is its relevance to the group. The programme and the tools provided must fit the interests, needs, capability and resources of the group. This project develops tools for coastal monitoring and targets coastal community groups such as Coast Care, Coastal Hapu, Secondary Schools, and Surf Life Saving Clubs. The monitoring methodologies have been developed in consultation with Tainui ki Whaingaroa hapu, Raglan Area School, and the Waikato Beach Care and Coast Care Bay of Plenty. Successful methodologies for measuring changes on the coast are also those that are matched to the type of beach, use appropriate equipment, collect structured data, provide data to which analysis can be applied, incorporate local knowledge of the environment, and feed results back to the community and other interested parties such as councils and science organisations. This project provides the target groups with simple monitoring methodologies, field forms/checklists, and appropriate survey and measurement equipment (which have undergone field trials) to carry out coastal monitoring. A web-based facility has been developed to input, check and store data; and provide immediate feedback using graphs and images. It also provides background information on coastal processes relevant to monitoring programmes. In this manner, a scientifically robust data set is collected and stored within a secure and future proofed archive, providing valuable information to coastal groups for years to come. Although the primary objective of this research is to develop a means for coastal communities to monitor changes in their environment, there are additional benefits associated with engaging communities in the study of their environment. These benefits include increasing awareness of coastal hazards, capacity building, providing valuable educational resources, and improving the temporal and spatial data coverage of information for the New Zealand coastline.
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Nuber, Eduardo. "Evolução morfológica e sedimentológica do Arco Praial de Massaguaçú, litoral norte de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21133/tde-30062009-145019/.
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Nesta dissertação apresenta-se a evolução morfológica e sedimentológica no Arco Praial de Massaguaçú, Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo, em uma escala espaço-temporal histórica e de eventos. O Arco Praial de Massaguaçú localiza-se ao norte da Baia de Caraguatatuba e tem uma extensão de aproximadamente 7,5km. A metodologia consistiu na determinação da variação da linha de costa através da análise de fotografias aéreas de 1962, 1977, 1994 e 2001 e GPS para 2006. Foram obtidos 174 perfis bidimensionais e 16 perfis tridimensionais coletados em cinco levantamentos de campos entre os meses de novembro de 2006 e março de 2008 utilizando o método de DGPS. Foram coletadas ainda 176 amostras sedimentares na zona de espraiamento do Arco Praial, junto ao último ponto de cada perfil bidimensional, sendo uma coleta por perfil. Os resultados demonstraram que a maior parte da praia sofreu progradação entre os anos de 1962 e 1994, sendo observada mudança nesta tendência entre 1994 e 2006. Os dados de morfologia e sedimentologia mostraram grande variabilidade espaço temporal, sendo que estas parecem estar relacionadas a variações anuais de energia de onda. Foi identificada uma Zona de Erosão Acentuada (ZEA) na Parte Central do Arco Praial e dividiu-se a praia em cinco áreas de risco, onde este é menor nas extremidades do Arco Praial e aumenta em direção a região central.<br>This dissertation characterize the morphological and sedimentological evolution of Massaguaçú Bay Beach, São Paulo State, Northeast Brazil, in a Historical and events spatial-temporal scale. Massaguaçú Bay Beach is localized northward of Caraguatatuba Bay and has approximately 7.5Km length. The methodology consisted on the determination of the shoreline changes with Aerophotographic analyses of 1962, 1977, 1994 and 2001, 2006 shoreline was taken with GPS. The DGPS Method was used to obtain 174 two-dimensional profiles and 16 tri-dimensional profiles in 5 field campaigns conducted between November, 2006 and March, 2008. 176 sand samples were collect in the swash zone, next to the last position of each two-dimensional profile. Data showed that almost all beach demonstrated shoreline progradation between 1962 and 1994, this tendency change between 1994 and 2006 with the possibility of increase of the retraction processes. It was observed a great variability in morphological and sedimentological data, this appear to be related with variations on the wave height pattern during the year. It has identified an Erosional Hotspot in the central area of the beach and the beach has divided in five risck areas where the risck increase from the extremities to the center of the beach.
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Lazarus, Eli. "Investigating Regional Patterns of Shoreline Change." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/1158.
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<p>My doctoral work stems from an original motivation to understand more closely why some areas of sandy coastlines erode and others accrete<—>an intriguing fundamental question and one of societal relevance wherever human coastal infrastructure exists. What are the physical processes driving shoreline change, and over what spatial and temporal scales are they manifest? If forces driving the littoral system change, how does the shoreline respond? Can we attribute observed patterns of shoreline change to a particular process?</p><p>Recent novel numerical shoreline-evolution modeling demonstrated that wave-driven gradients in alongshore sediment transport could produce self-organized, emergent features on spatial scales from sand waves to large-scale capes [<italic>Ashton et al.</italic>, 2001], introducing a new theoretical perspective to the cross-shore-oriented considerations of the coastal scientific community. The unexpected model results inspired fresh hypotheses about shoreline pattern formation and the forcing mechanisms behind them.</p><p>One overarching hypothesis was that under regimes of high- and low-angle deep-water incident waves, alongshore shoreline perturbations grow or diffuse away, respectively. To test the hypothesis we looked for a correlation between shoreline curvature (showing perturbations to a nearly straight coastline) and shoreline change in observed measurements. High-resolution topographic lidar surveys of the North Carolina Outer Banks from 1996<–>2006 allowed robust, quantitative comparisons between shoreline surveys spanning tens of kms. In Chapter 1 [<italic>Lazarus and Murray</italic>, 2007] we report that over the last decade, at multi-km scales along the barrier islands, convex-seaward promontories tended to erode and concave-seaward embayments accrete<—>a pattern of diffusion consistent with the smoothing effects of alongshore-transport gradients driven by a low-angle wave climate. Why then, after a decade or more of smoothing, do plan-view bumps in the shoreline still persist? In Chapter 2 [<italic>Lazarus et al.</italic>, in review] we compile evidence suggesting that (a) a framework of paleochannels may control the areas of persistent multi-km-scale shoreline convexity that (b) in turn drive decadal-term transient changes in shoreline morphology by (c) affecting gradients in wave-driven alongshore sediment transport.</p><p>In Chapter 3, a third investigation of large-scale coastal behavior, we explore an existing premise that shoreline change on a sandy coast is a self-affine signal wherein patterns of changes are scale-invariant, perhaps suggesting that a single process operates across the scales. Applying wavelet analysis<—>a mathematical technique involving scaled filter transforms<—>we confirm that a power law fits the average variance of shoreline change at alongshore scales spanning approximately three orders of magnitude (5<–>5000 m). The power law itself does not necessarily indicate a single dominant driver; beach changes across those scales likely result from a variety of cross-shore and alongshore hydrodynamic processes. A paired modeling experiment supports the conclusion that the power relationship is not an obvious function of wave-driven alongshore sediment transport alone.</p><p>Our tests of theory against field observations are middle steps in pattern-to-process attribution; they fit into a larger body of coastal morphodynamic research that in time may enable shoreline-change prediction. Present hydrodynamic models are still too limited in spatial and temporal scope to accommodate the extended scales at which large morphological changes occur, but more integrated quantitative models linking bathymetry, wave fields, and geologic substrate are underway and will set the next course of questions for the discipline.</p><br>Dissertation
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"Investigating Regional Patterns of Shoreline Change." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/1158.
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HWUNG, K. J., and 黃光正. "ONE-LINE MODEL OF SHORELINE CHANGE." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78571855511617076265.
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