Relevant bibliographies by topics / Short term conflict alert

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Short term conflict alert'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Short term conflict alert"

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Beasley, J. E., H. Howells, and J. Sonander. "Improving short-term conflict alert via tabu search." Journal of the Operational Research Society 53, no. 6 (June 2002): 593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601358.

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Varon, Dan. "The Effect of Tracking Accuracy on Short Term Conflict Alert Performance." Air Traffic Control Quarterly 8, no. 3 (July 2000): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/atcq.8.3.173.

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Liang, Man. "Case-Based Reasoning for Flight Conflicts Resolution in En-Route Short Term Conflict Alert Situation." Open Automation and Control Systems Journal 7, no. 1 (February 25, 2015): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874444301507010082.

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Liang, Man. "Case-Based Reasoning for Flight Conflicts Resolution in En-Route Short Term Conflict Alert Situation." Open Automation and Control Systems Journal 7, no. 1 (February 20, 2015): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874444301507010084.

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Everson, R. M., and J. E. Fieldsend. "Multiobjective optimization of safety related systems: an application to short-term conflict alert." IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 10, no. 2 (April 2006): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2005.856067.

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Brooker, Peter. "STCA, TCAS, Airproxes and Collision Risk." Journal of Navigation 58, no. 3 (August 19, 2005): 389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463305003334.

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The focus here is on the performance of and interaction between the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) and the controller's short-term conflict alert (STCA) system. The data source used is UK Airprox Board Reports of close encounters between aircraft, and the focus is on commercial air transport aircraft using UK controlled airspace with a radar service. Do the systems work well together? Are controllers surprised when they find out that a pilot has received a TCAS resolution advisory? What do TCAS and STCA events say about collision risk? Generally, the systems seem to work together well. On most occasions, controllers are not surprised by TCAS advisories: either they have detected the problem themselves or STCA has alerted them to it. The statistically expected rate of future mid-air collisions is estimated by extrapolation of Airprox closest encounter distances.
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Brooker, Peter. "Why the Eurocontrol Safety Regulation Commission Policy on Safety Nets and Risk Assessment is Wrong." Journal of Navigation 57, no. 2 (April 21, 2004): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463304002735.

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Current Eurocontrol Safety Regulation Commission (SRC) policy says that the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system (including safety minima) must be demonstrated through risk assessments to meet the Target Level of Safety (TLS) without needing to take safety nets (such as Short Term Conflict Alert) into account. This policy is wrong. The policy is invalid because it does not build rationally and consistently from ATM's firm foundations of TLS and hazard analysis. The policy is bad because it would tend to retard safety improvements. Safety net policy must rest on a clear and rational treatment of integrated ATM system safety defences. A new safety net policy, appropriate to safe ATM system improvements, is needed, which recognizes that safety nets are an integrated part of ATM system defences. The effects of safety nets in reducing deaths from mid-air collisions should be fully included in hazard analysis and safety audits in the context of the TLS for total system design.
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Ohneiser, Oliver, Jyothsna Adamala, and Ioan-Teodor Salomea. "Integrating Eye- and Mouse-Tracking with Assistant Based Speech Recognition for Interaction at Controller Working Positions." Aerospace 8, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8090245.

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Assistant based speech recognition (ABSR) prototypes for air traffic controllers have demonstrated to reduce controller workload and aircraft flight times as a result. However, two aspects of ABSR could enhance benefits, i.e., (1) the predicted controller commands that speech recognition engines use can be more accurate, and (2) the confirmation process of ABSR recognition output, such as callsigns, command types, and values by the controller, can be less intrusive. Both tasks can be supported by unobtrusive eye- and mouse-tracking when using operators’ gaze and interaction data. First, probabilities for predicted commands should consider controllers’ visual focus on the situation data display. Controllers will more likely give commands to aircraft that they focus on or where there was a mouse interaction on the display. Furthermore, they will more likely give certain command types depending on the characteristics of multiple aircraft being scanned. Second, it can be determined via eye-tracking instead of additional mouse clicks if the displayed ABSR output has been checked by the controller and remains uncorrected for a certain amount of time. Then, the output is assumed to be correct and is usable by other air traffic control systems, e.g., short-term conflict alert. If the ABSR output remains unchecked, an attention guidance functionality triggers different escalation levels to display visual cues. In a one-shot experimental case study with two controllers for the two implemented techniques, (1) command prediction probabilities improved by a factor of four, (2) prediction error rates based on an accuracy metric for three most-probable aircraft decreased by a factor of 25 when combining eye- and mouse-tracking data, and (3) visual confirmation of ABSR output promises to be an alternative for manual confirmation.
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KRYAZHIMSKIY, Arkady. "Long-term and Short-term Targets: Conflict and Reconciliation." Innovation and Supply Chain Management 7, no. 1 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14327/iscm.7.1.

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Apostolou, Menelaos, and Spyroulla Georgiou. "Parent-Offspring Conflict Over Short-Term Mating Strategies." Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v5i2.61.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Short term conflict alert"

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Reckhouse, William. "Optimisation of short term conflict alert safety related systems." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3154.

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Short Term Conflict Alert (STCA) is an automated warning system designed to alert air traffic controllers to possible loss of separation between aircraft. STCA systems are complex, with many parameters that must be adjusted to achieve best performance. Current procedure is to manually ‘tune’ the governing parameters in order to finely balance the trade-off between wanted alerts and nuisance alerts. We present an incremental approach to automatically optimising STCA systems, using a simple evolutionary algorithm. By dividing the parameter space into regional subsets, we investigate methods of reducing the number of evaluations required to generate the Pareto optimal Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Multi-archive techniques are devised and are shown to cut the necessary number of iterations by half. A method of estimating the fitness of recombined regional parameter subsets without actual evaluation on the STCA system is presented, however, convergence is shown to be severely stunted when relatively weak sources of noise are present. We describe a method of aggressively perturbing parameters outside of their known ‘safe’ ranges when complex inhibitory interactions are present that prevent an exhaustive search of permitted values. The scheme prevents the optimiser from repeating ‘mistakes’ and unnecessarily wasting evaluations. Results show that a more complete picture of the Pareto-optimal ROC curve may be obtained without increasing the number of necessary iterations. Efficacy of the new methods is discussed, with suggestions for improving efficiency. Sources of parameter interdependence and noise are explored and where possible mitigating techniques and procedures suggested. Classifier performance on training and test data is investigated and potential solutions for reducing overfitting are evaluated on a toy problem. We comment on potential uses of the ROC in characterising STCA performance, for comparison to other systems and airspaces. Many industrial systems are structured in a similar way to STCA, we hope that techniques presented will be applicable to other highly parametrised, expensive problem domains.
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Norén, Bång Ola. "STCA : an aircraft conflict alert system." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2297.

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The purpose of this Master’s Thesis is to produce a specification for the aircraft conflict alert system STCA, and implement a prototype as a module in the air traffic surveillance system NOVA9000.

The specification is constructed based on functional requirements from EUROCONTROL and describes a system using a nominal trajectory method, where the future paths of aircraft are estimated. The trajectory is created using a probabilistic approach, where future positions are described with probability fields.

The prototype is implemented using the specification with some simplifications. The prototype is evaluated using recorded traffic from a heavy air traffic region surrounding an airport with parallel runways. 15 alerts were induced in 1,5 hour of morning traffic; this is far too much to be acceptable. Improvements are proposed and explanations to the high rate of alerts are made.

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Silva, Vinicius Augusto Brunassi. "The role of bond covenants and short-term debt: evidence from Brazil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8826.

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Submitted by Vinicius Augusto Brunassi Silva (vinicius.vitio@gmail.com) on 2011-12-06T18:47:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinicius_Dissertação.pdf: 237652 bytes, checksum: 20111eda1d23b9c396a750183cbdc94c (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-12-06T18:48:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinicius_Dissertação.pdf: 237652 bytes, checksum: 20111eda1d23b9c396a750183cbdc94c (MD5)
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This paper examines the relationship between covenants, short-term and long-term debt with companies which face growth opportunities. Using a sample of 159 Brazilian corporate bonds, we found evidence that: 1) Covenants and short-term debt are substitute tools to minimize agency conflict, since they presented a negative and significant relation and; 2) The negative relation between short-term debt and growth opportunities might be attenuated in the presence of covenants.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre covenants e alavancagem financeira no curto e longo prazo com oportunidades de crescimento. A partir de uma amostra de 159 debêntures, encontramos evidência de que: 1) Covenants e dívida de curto-prazo podem ser considerados substitutos na atenuação do conflito de agência, uma vez que apresentaram relação negativa e significante e; 2) A relação negativa existente entre dívida de curto prazo e oportunidades de crescimento pode ser reduzida através da utilização de covenants.
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Uleviciute, Gertruda. "HOW DO POST-CONFLICT ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES AFFECT WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT WITHIN NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE SHORT TERM?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-343128.

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This thesis aims to explain how post-conflict environmental initiatives affect women’s empowerment within natural resource management in the short term. It argues that the lack of causal effect between the variables can be explained by the robustness of patriarchal institutions. Gender-sensitive environmental peacebuilding lacks the strength to counter traditional and well-established formal and informal societal structures. Using a structured focused comparison on Sudan and Democratic Republic of Congo the analysis shows that UNEP Country Recovery Programmes, which are used as an example of the post-conflict environmental initiatives, were unable to change women’s position within natural resource management in the first five years of the establishment. Even though presented theoretical frameworks partially explain the results, more research is needed to draw informed and conclusive inferences.
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Ocaya, Bryan. "From Combatants to Civilians. The dos and don’ts when reintegrating ex-combatants into civilian life : A Comparative Case Study on Reintegration Efforts in Post-Conflict Societies." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-362712.

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Afuape, Taiwo. "Mutuality and conflict : investigating group processes and the development of "voice-in-relation" within a short term Women's Group for survivors of sexual abuse who have learning difficulties." Thesis, University of East London, 2002. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3654/.

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Women with learning difficulties are often subject to oppressive situations and attitudes that drastically increase their likelihood of being abused. However, until recently, such women had not had the same access to psychotherapeutic intervention as their non-disabled counterparts. Intervention documented to date has tended to focus on psycho-educational groups where women with learning difficulties are taught skills in order to 'keep them safe'. The author, a trainee Clinical Psychologist, together with an Occupational Therapist and consultant Clinical Psychologist in a Clinical Specialist Learning Difficulties Team, ran a Women's Group for survivors of sexual abuse with learning difficulties. Five women attended the group. The author audio-taped group sessions as well as post group interviews and analysed them using grounded theory analysis in order to investigate the ways in which women with learning difficulties become therapeutic collaborators by affecting and being affected by group process. Two super-ordinate themes of mutuality and conflict were identified and conceptualised as inter-related and cyclical in nature, moving the group through cycles of connection, disconnection and new connection. The post group interviews revealed the development of "voice-in-relation", and a theory is given regarding the relationship between this development and the group process.
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Schmeichel, Brandon J. Baumeister Roy F. "Ego depletion, working memory, and the executive function of the self." Diss., 2005. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06082005-133836.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2005.
Advisor: Dr. Roy F. Baumeister, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 22, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 44 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Books on the topic "Short term conflict alert"

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Couples in conflict: Inside the counseling room. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1990.

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Wiseman, Janet Miller. Mediation Therapy: Short-Term Decision Making for Relationships in Conflict. Xanedu Publishing, 2002.

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Mediation Therapy: Short-Term Decision Making for Relationships in Conflict. Booktech. com, 2001.

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Shortland, Neil D., Laurence J. Alison, and Joseph M. Moran. Conflict. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190623449.001.0001.

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This book is about decisions in military conflict and the psychological conflict they cause. By drawing on interviews conducted with real soldiers about real situations they faced, the book explores how soldiers choose between seemingly impossible options for which all outcomes appear horrendous. Their vivid and sometimes upsetting stories were part of the experience of war and became part of their identity. This book describes the processes that make choice selection so difficult; the psychology of decisional conflict; and the immediate, short-term, and longer term behavioral consequences of these actions. Special attention is directed to the concept of “decision inertia”—one of several kinds of “failures to act” in which decision-makers are unable to calculate and/or commit to a least-worst course of action. By referring to many real cases, readers are invited to consider their own responses to choosing between difficult options in order to help them understand what it might feel like when faced with making a least-worst decision in war.
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Harris, Frances. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802440.003.0001.

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This introduces the Marlborough-Godolphin partnership as not just a political alliance, but a close friendship founded on ideals of platonic love and heroic virtue. It reviews the various discourses of friendship, noting the cultural influences (the essayists Montaigne, Sir William Temple, Saint-Évremond, as well as heroic drama and opera) which carried the ideal forward, but with the growing sense that it must prove itself in actual human transactions. It suggests that studying the Marlborough-Godolphin friendship as it proved itself in war abroad and party conflict at home is revealing of two historical figures whom historians have often found enigmatic, though in the end their commitment to it contributed to their short-term failure as well as their longer-term success. The distinction between friendship and royal favour is also touched on.
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Paulus, Paul B., and Jared B. Kenworthy. Overview of Team Creativity and Innovation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190222093.003.0002.

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In this chapter, we present an overview of some major topics and themes explored in the research on team creativity. We discuss the strengths and limitations of some primary methodological approaches to the study of creativity in teams, including short-term team settings, long-term team settings, and case studies. We also explore some of the major theories of collaborative creativity, which to varying degrees focus on contextual and organizational factors, as well as motivational, cognitive, and social processes involved in enhancing innovation in teams. We evaluate the sometimes conflicting findings from research on team size, participative safety, conflict, affective processes, and supportive versus constrained environments. At a broader level, we discuss interteam and network dynamics as they impact team innovation. Finally, we summarize some areas of research that seem to have conflicting or paradoxical effects, suggesting areas of future research focus.
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Sanderson, Benjamin Mark. Uncertainty Quantification in Multi-Model Ensembles. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.707.

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Long-term planning for many sectors of society—including infrastructure, human health, agriculture, food security, water supply, insurance, conflict, and migration—requires an assessment of the range of possible futures which the planet might experience. Unlike short-term forecasts for which validation data exists for comparing forecast to observation, long-term forecasts have almost no validation data. As a result, researchers must rely on supporting evidence to make their projections. A review of methods for quantifying the uncertainty of climate predictions is given. The primary tool for quantifying these uncertainties are climate models, which attempt to model all the relevant processes that are important in climate change. However, neither the construction nor calibration of climate models is perfect, and therefore the uncertainties due to model errors must also be taken into account in the uncertainty quantification.Typically, prediction uncertainty is quantified by generating ensembles of solutions from climate models to span possible futures. For instance, initial condition uncertainty is quantified by generating an ensemble of initial states that are consistent with available observations and then integrating the climate model starting from each initial condition. A climate model is itself subject to uncertain choices in modeling certain physical processes. Some of these choices can be sampled using so-called perturbed physics ensembles, whereby uncertain parameters or structural switches are perturbed within a single climate model framework. For a variety of reasons, there is a strong reliance on so-called ensembles of opportunity, which are multi-model ensembles (MMEs) formed by collecting predictions from different climate modeling centers, each using a potentially different framework to represent relevant processes for climate change. The most extensive collection of these MMEs is associated with the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). However, the component models have biases, simplifications, and interdependencies that must be taken into account when making formal risk assessments. Techniques and concepts for integrating model projections in MMEs are reviewed, including differing paradigms of ensembles and how they relate to observations and reality. Aspects of these conceptual issues then inform the more practical matters of how to combine and weight model projections to best represent the uncertainties associated with projected climate change.
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Idler, Annette. Borderland Battles. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190849146.001.0001.

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Borderlands are like a magnifying glass on some of the world’s most entrenched security challenges. In unstable regions, border areas attract violent non-state groups, ranging from rebels and paramilitaries to criminal organizations, who exploit central government neglect. These groups compete for territorial control, cooperate in illicit cross-border activities, and provide a substitute for the governance functions usually associated with the state. Drawing on extensive fieldwork with more than six hundred interviews in and on the shared borderlands of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela—where conflict is rife and crime thriving—this book provides exclusive firsthand insights into these war-torn spaces. It reveals how dynamic interactions among violent non-state groups produce a complex security landscape with ramifications for order and governance both locally and beyond. These interactions create not only physical violence but also less visible forms of insecurity. When groups fight each other, community members are exposed to violence but can follow the rules imposed by the opposing actors. Unstable short-term arrangements among violent non-state groups fuel mistrust and uncertainty among communities, eroding their social fabric. Where violent non-state groups engage in relatively stable long-term arrangements, “shadow citizenship” arises: a mutually reinforcing relationship between violent non-state groups that provide public goods and services, and communities that consent to their illicit authority. Contrary to state-centric views that consider borderlands uniformly violent spaces, the transnational borderland lens adopted in the book demonstrates how the geography and political economy of these borderlands intensify these multifaceted security impacts.
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Studlar, Donley. E. E. Schattschneider,. Edited by Martin Lodge, Edward C. Page, and Steven J. Balla. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199646135.013.39.

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E. E. Schattschneider’s short book,The Semi-Sovereign People: A Realist’s View of Democracy in America(1960), is an analysis of the functioning of US democracy, especially the struggle between “privatization” and “socialization” of issues as well as the competition for space on a crowded political agenda. Its major contribution was to develop the concept of agenda-setting, the “conflict of conflicts,” as an essential dimension of the policy process. Intended as a “defense of parties” manifesto against the then-popular group theories of politics, Schattschneider’s book was part of the elitist–pluralist debate in its time as well as leading to a variety of later, more empirical studies on various dimensions of the policy process. Schattschneider’s ideas have inspired many subsequent studies on agenda-setting, both in the US and abroad. This chapter examines the longer-term impact of these ideas as well as the book’s shortcomings, such as lack of attention to the media.
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Drèze, Jean. Sense and Solidarity. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833468.001.0001.

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The last twenty years have been a time of intense public debates on social policy in India. There have also been major initiatives, such as the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, as well as resilient inertia in some fields. This book brings together some of Jean Drèze's contributions to these debates, along with other short essays on social development. The essays span the gamut of critical social policies, from education and health to poverty, nutrition, child care, corruption, employment, and social security. There are also less predictable topics such as the caste system, corporate power, nuclear disarmament, the Gujarat model, the Kashmir conflict, and universal basic income. The book aims at enlarging the boundaries of social development, towards a broad concern with the sort of society we want to create. The concluding essay, on public-spiritedness and solidarity, argues that the cultivation of enlightened social norms is an integral part of development. "Jholawala" has become a disparaging term for activists in the Indian business media. This book affirms the learning value of collective action combined with sound economic analysis. In his detailed introduction, the author argues for an approach to development economics where research and action are complementary and interconnected.
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Book chapters on the topic "Short term conflict alert"

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Miczek, Klaus A., Michael L. Thompson, and Walter Tornatzky. "Short and Long Term Physiological and Neurochemical Adaptations to Social Conflict." In Psychobiology of Stress, 15–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1990-7_2.

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Uesugi, Yuji, and Anna Deekeling. "Japan’s Peacebuilding and Mid-Space Actors: A Bridge Between the West and the Rest." In Operationalisation of Hybrid Peacebuilding in Asia, 159–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67758-9_8.

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AbstractThis chapter focuses on Japan’s approach to peacebuilding, and examines its ability to emerge as a hybrid peacebuilding facilitator. To test this potential, three cases of Japan’s engagement with mid-space actors are studied. By reviewing Japan’s flagship projects in Timor-Leste, Myanmar and Mindanao, the chapter shows that Japan holds the ability to establish trust-relationships with top/national leaders of the aid-recipient countries through its apolitical, request-based, non-intrusive and long-term commitment approaches that Japanese actors display. At the same time, Japanese actors operating at the local/bottom are able to develop relationships with mid-space actors through providing them with important know-how and resources. This practice has allowed Japan to engage with conflict-affected societies where and when access of other donors was denied, which gave Japan an advantage in supporting local bridge-building initiatives. In short, this chapter demonstrated how Japan could bridge between Western donors and aid-recipient countries in Southeast Asia. While several shortcomings of the Japanese approach such as the limited inclusion of stakeholders and unequal distribution of peace dividend are identified in this chapter, it concluded that Japan could emerge as a hybrid peacebuilding facilitator if these shortcomings were addressed.
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"Step 3: Explore the Triangle of Conflict." In Short-Term Object Relations Couples Therapy, 141–72. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203891124-8.

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"Who pays for zero- days? Balancing long- term stability in cyber space against short- term national security benefits." In Conflict in Cyber Space, 111–31. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315669878-13.

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Orend, Brian. "Roots and Branches." In Just Peace After Conflict, 29–47. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823285.003.0002.

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Jus post bellum is commonly considered a new and novel concept. But it does have a deeper historical pedigree; and this past is of relevance for its future, both as concept and as practice. This chapter argues that the most plausible contender for ‘inventor of jus post bellum’ in its unique, substantive, recognizable, and forward-looking form, is the German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804). The main aim of this chapter is not to defend such a purely historical claim. It is, rather, to show in detail all that Kant had to offer regarding the jus post bellum: how he develops it in both a short-term (procedural) sense and a long-term (substantive) sense, ranging from immediate ceasefires and public peace treaties all the way to the worldwide spread of a cosmopolitan federation devoted to peace and the realization of everyone’s human rights.
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Rattansi, Ali. "1. ‘Race’ and racism: some conundrums." In Racism: A Very Short Introduction, 1–9. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198834793.003.0001.

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Trying to define the term racism throws up a number of perplexing questions and various cognate terms—ethnicity and ethnocentrism, nation, nationalism, and xenophobia, hostility to ‘outsiders’ and ‘strangers’—which require clarification. ‘“Race” and racism: some conundrums’ explains that the idea of ‘race’ contains both biological and cultural elements, for example skin colour, religion, and behaviour. The biological and cultural combine in variable proportions in any definition of a racial group, depending upon the group and the historical period in question. Inevitably, the term racism has also become subject to social forces and political conflict. The complex role that racism plays in the variety of disparities in policing and education is also discussed.
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Chang, Jiang, and Feng Jun. "The Contemporary Conflict of Values." In The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, 27–32. Philosophy Documentation Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wcp20-paideia199840711.

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The conflict between values is the source of many conflicts and problems today. In contrast to the traditional conflict of values, the contemporary conflict is distinguished by these features: (1) extensiveness; (2) complicatedness; (3) profoundness; and (4) continuousness. The plurality and relativity of values is the primary cause of contemporary conflicts. The origin of pluralism lies in an interrelated trio of aspects: commodity economy, democratic politics, and individualism. The contemporary conflict of values is a historical process. Such conflict does not necessarily result in confusion; on the contrary, it can possibly lead to new and higher levels of harmony and vitality. In adjudicating value conflicts, we must (1) permit different values to coexist and respect different choices and the pursuits of values by different individuals; (2) consider the whole and the individual, the entire and the part, the long-term and the short-term, and attempt to have regard for both sides of the conflict; and (3) pursue the best and most suitable.
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Murch, Mervyn. "Providing short-term primary preventive crisis intervention for children in schools." In Supporting Children When Parents Separate, 125–48. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447345947.003.0008.

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This chapter discusses some ideas about how the Caplanian approach to preventive mental health — specifically the method of crisis intervention — might be applied in state schools, a non-stigmatic site for primary prevention. It argues that there is a strong prima facie case, based both on evidence from children and young people and from theory, for finding ways and means to apply crisis intervention methods of support for children in schools to help them cope with stressful upheavals associated with intense interparental conflict, separation and divorce. The main challenge is how to persuade practitioners and policy makers and educational and school health services that this is a promising approach worth developing.
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Galvanek, Janel B., and Hans J. Giessmann. "Everyday resistance to conflict resolution measures and opportunities for systemic conflict transformation." In Cultures of Governance and Peace. Manchester University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719099557.003.0008.

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This chapter examines alternative perspectives on conflict resolution in chapter 7. The authors attempt to broaden the debates beyond the liberal peace and examine the issues which could shape responses to conflict in a different way. They focus on experience, traditions and culture, as well as interaction between actors in a given setting. The authors look at different types of resistance and analyze how and which of those are manifested in Bihar and Jharkhand, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Cyprus. They conclude that everyday resistance can be manifested in a violent, non-violent, short or long-term, sporadic and constant forms, proactive and offensive; it can come as a result of social dissatisfaction; directed and intentional, but also undirected and unintentional.
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Chandra, Rohit. "Extractive States and Layered Conflict." In Mapping Power, 114–33. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199487820.003.0006.

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Jharkhand was carved out of Bihar, and at the time of separation received an endowment of cheap power, sources of cheap natural resources (e.g. coal), and a large industrial customer base. However, the power sector has been treated as a source of rents through contracts rather than a source of political support, with successive unstable and short term governments following an extractive rather than developmental approach. Moreover, the industrial customer base was tied to private utilities and the Damodar Valley Corporation (a Government of Indian undertaking) and therefore was not available as a source of cross-subsidy. The net effect is that Jharkhand has been trapped in a low level equilibrium of low access and low political demand for access.
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Conference papers on the topic "Short term conflict alert"

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Reckhouse, William J., Jonathan E. Fieldsend, and Richard M. Everson. "Variable interactions and exploring parameter space in an expensive optimisation problem: Optimising Short Term Conflict Alert." In 2010 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2010.5586017.

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Ong, Hao Yi, and Mykel J. Kochenderfer. "Short-term conflict resolution for unmanned aircraft traffic management." In 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasc.2015.7311424.

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Hao Yi Ong and Mykel J. Kochenderfer. "Short-term conflict resolution for unmanned aircraft traffic management." In 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasc.2015.7311591.

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Gosztolya, Gábor. "Very Short-Term Conflict Intensity Estimation Using Fisher Vectors." In Interspeech 2020. ISCA: ISCA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2020-2349.

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Rosli, Nur Athirah, Norliza Zaini, and Mohd Fuad Abdul Latip. "Long Short-Term Memory-Based Model Approach for Energy Consumption Prediction to Trigger High Consumption Alert." In 2019 IEEE 9th International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsengt.2019.8906335.

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Brittain, Marc W., and Peng Wei. "One to Any: Distributed Conflict Resolution with Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning and Long Short-Term Memory." In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1952.

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Fisher, Steve, and David Turton. "The Regulation of Legacy Situations Where Reduction in Long Term Radiation Hazard Requires an Increase in Short Term Detriments." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4764.

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Legacy situations on nuclear sites usually occur at the end of the life of a facility or site. These situations, such as decommissioning or historic waste treatment, are often responsible for long term hazards to workers and the public. Reducing the magnitude of these long-term hazards will generate waste disposals which may impact on the environment and may result in workers incurring additional doses. The increase in these detriments seems at first glance to be in conflict with the usual aims of the regulators. However by putting the reduction of long term radiation hazard from legacy situations in the context of Government policy and guidance, the approach of current regulatory practice adopted for such situations is considered. The regulatory framework is presented from the high level policy, then through the application of the principles of ALARA, reducing risks — protecting people, Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) and Best Practicable Means (BPM). Issues that the regulators expect the nuclear site operator to address are discussed from both the protection of the public and the environment and examples of the practical implications of the regulatory approach are described. ‘Softer’, but important essentials for the operator to adopt in the handling of legacy situations are also raised. These essentials such as openness and stakeholder dialogue, have in the past been poorly performed leading to a lack of trust and understanding by the public.
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Yan, Jiao, Qiang-qiang Feng, Chi Zhang, and Jia Yan. "A Comparative Study to Evaluate Short-Term Work Zone Safety Control Measures' Effectiveness Based on a Simplified Traffic Conflict Model." In 14th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413623.212.

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Gui, Tao, Ruotian Ma, Qi Zhang, Lujun Zhao, Yu-Gang Jiang, and Xuanjing Huang. "CNN-Based Chinese NER with Lexicon Rethinking." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/692.

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Character-level Chinese named entity recognition (NER) that applies long short-term memory (LSTM) to incorporate lexicons has achieved great success. However, this method fails to fully exploit GPU parallelism and candidate lexicons can conflict. In this work, we propose a faster alternative to Chinese NER: a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based method that incorporates lexicons using a rethinking mechanism. The proposed method can model all the characters and potential words that match the sentence in parallel. In addition, the rethinking mechanism can address the word conflict by feeding back the high-level features to refine the networks. Experimental results on four datasets show that the proposed method can achieve better performance than both word-level and character-level baseline methods. In addition, the proposed method performs up to 3.21 times faster than state-of-the-art methods, while realizing better performance.
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Shahidi, Parham, Reza A. Soltan, Steve C. Southward, and Mehdi Ahmadian. "Estimating Changes in Speech Metrics Indicative of Fatigue Levels." In ASME 2010 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2010-42010.

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In this paper, we are presenting a novel approach to estimate fatigue levels of train conductors, by analyzing the speech signal. An independent neural network joined with a Markov Model, will output the probability density, which illustrates the likelihood of the result of the first step to be accurate. Vigilance research has shown that, for most operators engaged in attention-intensive and monotonous tasks, retaining a constant level of alertness is almost impossible. Sleeping disorders, reduced hours of rest and disrupted circadian rhythms amplify this effect and lead to significantly increased fatigue levels. Increased fatigue levels manifest themselves in alterations of speech metrics, as compared to alert states of mind. To make a decision about the level of fatigue, we are proposing an alertness estimation system which uses speech metrics to generate a fatigue quotient indicative of the fatigue level. A speech pre-processor extracts metrics such as speech duration, word production rate and speech intensity from a continuous speech signal and uses a Fuzzy Logic algorithm to generate the fatigue quotient at any moment in time when speech is present. However, the nature of human interaction introduces levels of uncertainty, which make fatigue level recognition difficult. In other words, even with a perfectly trained neural network and Fuzzy Logic algorithm, we cannot make definite conclusions about the level of alertness. The reason being, that there is no guarantee that the estimated level of alertness is robust for a certain amount of time and didn’t come from drinking half a cup of coffee. Moreover, coming up with a perfect model of speech-fatigue (i.e. input-output) for humans, to train the Fuzzy algorithm is almost impossible. For this reason the study of “Risk and Uncertainty” is an integral part of this research. Motivated by the distinction between “risk” (randomness that can be fully captured by probability and statistics) and “uncertainty” (all other types of randomness), we propose a fine taxonomy: fully reducible, partially reducible, and irreducible uncertainty, that can explain some of the key differences between long term alertness and a short term change of state that makes the operator alert. An experimental study is conducted where a hyper articulated speech signal with three different levels of simulated fatigue is analyzed by the algorithm and a probability density function is assigned to the fatigue quotient to take the risk and uncertainty into account and make the overall result more reliable.
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Reports on the topic "Short term conflict alert"

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Colomb, Claire, and Tatiana Moreira de Souza. Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates. Property Research Trust, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/kkkd3578.

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Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.
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