Journal articles: 'Short term conflict alert'

1

Beasley, J. E., H. Howells, and J. Sonander. "Improving short-term conflict alert via tabu search." Journal of the Operational Research Society 53, no. 6 (June 2002): 593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601358.

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Varon, Dan. "The Effect of Tracking Accuracy on Short Term Conflict Alert Performance." Air Traffic Control Quarterly 8, no. 3 (July 2000): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/atcq.8.3.173.

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Liang, Man. "Case-Based Reasoning for Flight Conflicts Resolution in En-Route Short Term Conflict Alert Situation." Open Automation and Control Systems Journal 7, no. 1 (February 25, 2015): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874444301507010082.

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Liang, Man. "Case-Based Reasoning for Flight Conflicts Resolution in En-Route Short Term Conflict Alert Situation." Open Automation and Control Systems Journal 7, no. 1 (February 20, 2015): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874444301507010084.

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Everson, R. M., and J. E. Fieldsend. "Multiobjective optimization of safety related systems: an application to short-term conflict alert." IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 10, no. 2 (April 2006): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2005.856067.

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Brooker, Peter. "STCA, TCAS, Airproxes and Collision Risk." Journal of Navigation 58, no. 3 (August 19, 2005): 389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463305003334.

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The focus here is on the performance of and interaction between the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) and the controller's short-term conflict alert (STCA) system. The data source used is UK Airprox Board Reports of close encounters between aircraft, and the focus is on commercial air transport aircraft using UK controlled airspace with a radar service. Do the systems work well together? Are controllers surprised when they find out that a pilot has received a TCAS resolution advisory? What do TCAS and STCA events say about collision risk? Generally, the systems seem to work together well. On most occasions, controllers are not surprised by TCAS advisories: either they have detected the problem themselves or STCA has alerted them to it. The statistically expected rate of future mid-air collisions is estimated by extrapolation of Airprox closest encounter distances.

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Brooker, Peter. "Why the Eurocontrol Safety Regulation Commission Policy on Safety Nets and Risk Assessment is Wrong." Journal of Navigation 57, no. 2 (April 21, 2004): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463304002735.

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Current Eurocontrol Safety Regulation Commission (SRC) policy says that the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system (including safety minima) must be demonstrated through risk assessments to meet the Target Level of Safety (TLS) without needing to take safety nets (such as Short Term Conflict Alert) into account. This policy is wrong. The policy is invalid because it does not build rationally and consistently from ATM's firm foundations of TLS and hazard analysis. The policy is bad because it would tend to retard safety improvements. Safety net policy must rest on a clear and rational treatment of integrated ATM system safety defences. A new safety net policy, appropriate to safe ATM system improvements, is needed, which recognizes that safety nets are an integrated part of ATM system defences. The effects of safety nets in reducing deaths from mid-air collisions should be fully included in hazard analysis and safety audits in the context of the TLS for total system design.

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Ohneiser, Oliver, Jyothsna Adamala, and Ioan-Teodor Salomea. "Integrating Eye- and Mouse-Tracking with Assistant Based Speech Recognition for Interaction at Controller Working Positions." Aerospace 8, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8090245.

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Assistant based speech recognition (ABSR) prototypes for air traffic controllers have demonstrated to reduce controller workload and aircraft flight times as a result. However, two aspects of ABSR could enhance benefits, i.e., (1) the predicted controller commands that speech recognition engines use can be more accurate, and (2) the confirmation process of ABSR recognition output, such as callsigns, command types, and values by the controller, can be less intrusive. Both tasks can be supported by unobtrusive eye- and mouse-tracking when using operators’ gaze and interaction data. First, probabilities for predicted commands should consider controllers’ visual focus on the situation data display. Controllers will more likely give commands to aircraft that they focus on or where there was a mouse interaction on the display. Furthermore, they will more likely give certain command types depending on the characteristics of multiple aircraft being scanned. Second, it can be determined via eye-tracking instead of additional mouse clicks if the displayed ABSR output has been checked by the controller and remains uncorrected for a certain amount of time. Then, the output is assumed to be correct and is usable by other air traffic control systems, e.g., short-term conflict alert. If the ABSR output remains unchecked, an attention guidance functionality triggers different escalation levels to display visual cues. In a one-shot experimental case study with two controllers for the two implemented techniques, (1) command prediction probabilities improved by a factor of four, (2) prediction error rates based on an accuracy metric for three most-probable aircraft decreased by a factor of 25 when combining eye- and mouse-tracking data, and (3) visual confirmation of ABSR output promises to be an alternative for manual confirmation.

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KRYAZHIMSKIY, Arkady. "Long-term and Short-term Targets: Conflict and Reconciliation." Innovation and Supply Chain Management 7, no. 1 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14327/iscm.7.1.

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Apostolou, Menelaos, and Spyroulla Georgiou. "Parent-Offspring Conflict Over Short-Term Mating Strategies." Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v5i2.61.

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Curşeu, Petru L., Smaranda Boroş, and Leon A. G. Oerlemans. "Task and relationship conflict in short‐term and long‐term groups." International Journal of Conflict Management 23, no. 1 (February 10, 2012): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10444061211199331.

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Gur, M., I. Kagan, and M. D. Snodderly. "Lack of short-term adaptation in V1 cells of the alert monkey." Journal of Vision 4, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/4.8.223.

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Stemp, Peter J., and C. W. Murphy. "Monetary Policy in Australia: The Conflict between Short-Term and Medium-Term Objectives." Australian Economic Review 24, no. 2 (April 1991): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8462.1991.tb00386.x.

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Judge, Peter G., and Frans B. M. de Waal. "Conflict avoidance among rhesus monkeys: coping with short-term crowding." Animal Behaviour 46, no. 2 (August 1993): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1993.1184.

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Regan, Patrick M. "The Short-Term Effects of Military Interventions in Civil Conflict." International Negotiation 7, no. 3 (August 14, 2002): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-00703006.

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In this article, I discuss the implications of thinking about conflict management in terms of long and short-term outcomes. In particular, I focus on the role of third-party interventions in civil conflicts and how military interventions can affect the terms of negotiated settlements. I argue that military interventions can be effective if you judge success in terms of short-term outcomes, but even then, there are more or less-effective strategies. After articulating different metrics for considering short-term success, I outline a framework for thinking about how the intervention strategy will influence the duration of a civil conflict, in part by linking battlefield conditions to negotiated outcomes. I conclude by discussing some of the implications of linking military interventions to diplomatic efforts when negotiating a settlement.

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Aggarwal, Rizul, Anjali Goswami, Jitender Kumar, and Gwyneth Abdiel Chullai. "Analysis and Prediction of Alerts in Perimeter Intrusion Detection System." Defence Science Journal 70, no. 6 (October 12, 2020): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.70.15545.

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Perimeter surveillance systems play an important role in the safety and security of the armed forces. These systems tend to generate alerts in advent of anomalous situations, which require human intervention. The challenge is the generation of false alerts or alert flooding which makes these systems inefficient. In this paper, we focus on short-term as well as long-term prediction of alerts in the perimeter intrusion detection system. We have explored the dependent and independent aspects of the alert data generated over a period of time. Short-term prediction is realized by exploiting the independent aspect of data by narrowing it down to a time-series problem. Time-series analysis is performed by extracting the statistical information from the historical alert data. A dual-stage approach is employed for analyzing the time-series data and support vector regression is used as the regression technique. It is helpful to predict the number of alerts for the nth hour. Additionally, to understand the dependent aspect, we have investigated that the deployment environment has an impact on the alerts generated. Long-term predictions are made by extracting the features based on the deployment environment and training the dataset using different regression models. Also, we have compared the predicted and expected alerts to recognize anomalous behaviour. This will help in realizing the situations of alert flooding over the potential threat.

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Choi, Sun-Gyu, Jae-Wook Suk, and Hyang-Seon Jeong. "Suggestion of Measurement Management Criteria for Soil Slope Failure Based on Displacement." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.1.251.

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This paper describes the Measurement Management Criteria (MMC) of a soil slope failure based on displacement using literature reviews, small-scale experiments, large-scale experiments, and field data. Two types of measurement management criteria were developed, i.e., short-term criteria for slopes under construction or requiring urgent measurements, and long-term criteria for slopes under continuous management. First, the measurement criteria for the short term were determined based on small- and-large scale experiments, and were determined to be “1 mm/min for the watch level,” “4 mm/min for the caution level,” and “21 mm/min for the alert level.” Next, the criteria for the long term were determined through a literature review and field data, and were “2 mm/day for the watch level,” “8 mm/day for the caution level,” and “56 mm/day for the alert level”.

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Lin, Ganghua. "Automatic detection method, forecast and alert of solar proton events." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S264 (August 2009): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392130999250x.

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AbstractThe methods of automatic solar active phenomenon or event detection have been researched and explored by people for many years, which have gone into actual services. The paper analyzes the relationship between these methods of automatic detection and the forecast or alert, using the solar short-term proton events predictions as an example. Using automatic method to conduct forecast or alert is under thinking.

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Young, C. A., P. R. D. Humphrey, E. J. Ghadiali, P. E. Klapper, and G. M. Cleator. "Short-term memory impairment in an alert patient as a presentation of herpes simplex encephalitis." Neurology 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.42.1.260.

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Apostolou, Menelaos. "Parent–offspring conflict over mating: The case of short-term mating strategies." Personality and Individual Differences 47, no. 8 (December 2009): 895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.07.014.

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Porter, Christin L., and W. Justin Dyer. "Does marital conflict predict infants’ physiological regulation? A short-term prospective study." Journal of Family Psychology 31, no. 4 (June 2017): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/fam0000295.

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Shapiro, Alyson F., John M. Gottman, and Brandi C. Fink. "Short-term change in couples’ conflict following a transition to parenthood intervention." Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice 4, no. 4 (2015): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cfp0000051.

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23

Palagi, Elisabetta, Tommaso Paoli, and Silvana Borgognini Tarli. "Short-Term Benefits of Play Behavior and Conflict Prevention in Pan paniscus." International Journal of Primatology 27, no. 5 (October 13, 2006): 1257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-006-9071-y.

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24

Koubi, Vally, Tobias Böhmelt, Gabriele Spilker, and Lena Schaffer. "The Determinants of Environmental Migrants' Conflict Perception." International Organization 72, no. 4 (2018): 905–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818318000231.

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AbstractMigration is likely to be a key factor linking climate change and conflict. However, our understanding of the factors behind and consequences of migration is surprisingly limited. We take this shortcoming as a motivation for our research and study the relationship between environmental migration and conflict at the micro level. In particular, we focus on environmental migrants' conflictperceptions. We contend that variation in migrants' conflict perception can be explained by the type of environmental event people experienced in their former home, whether gradual, and long-term or sudden-onset, short-term environmental changes. We develop this argument before quantitatively analyzing newly collected micro-level data on intra-state migration from five developing countries. The results emphasize that migrants who experienced gradual, long-term environmental events in their former homes are more likely to perceive conflict in their new location than those having experienced sudden, short-term environmental events. These findings are in line with our theoretical argument that environmental migrants who suffer from environmentally induced grievances are ultimately more likely toperceiveconflict and challenges in their new locations.

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Scott, David. "Conflict Irresolution in the South China Sea." Asian Survey 52, no. 6 (November 2012): 1019–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2012.52.6.1019.

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Abstract In the South China Sea dispute, some Track-2 settings, along with Track-1 efforts by ASEAN and China, have facilitated some conflict “management.” But they have not brought about conflict “resolution” of the basic sovereignty and control issues. Conflict “irresolution” has ensued instead. Short-term balancing may perhaps generate long-term socialization convergence.

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Ludwig, Donald. "Forest management strategies that account for short-term and long-term consequences." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-075.

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This paper presents a method to calculate the long-term effects of forest management decisions for an age-structured forest. The calculation of such effects is required to assess the sustainability and indeed the rationality of forest harvesting strategies. The primary focus of this paper is the issue of "falldown", i.e., the decrease in timber available for harvesting due to lack of large old trees. The largest net discounted economic returns are obtained by rapid harvesting (mining) of old growth. However, in the longer term the consequences of a decrease in harvest volume on local communities can be devastating. How can this conflict between short-term and long-term interests be reconciled? I consider a variety of strategies that vary in their sensitivity to the effects of falldown, and I present some pilot calculations that illustrate a method to weigh the consequences of following these strategies.

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Thompson, Caitlin, and Ann B. Loper. "Adjustment Patterns in Incarcerated Women." Criminal Justice and Behavior 32, no. 6 (December 2005): 714–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854805279949.

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This study investigated how adjustment patterns in incarcerated women are related to length of sentence. Participants included 692 female inmates who were divided into groups based on prison sentence length: long-term (10+ years), medium-term (2-10 years), and short-term (less than 2 years). Adjustment measures included the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Prison Adjustment Questionnaire. Institutional records provided information on behavioral misconduct. Results found that long- and medium-term inmates reported higher feelings of conflict and committed significantly more nonviolent and institutional offenses than short-term inmates. Results indicated no significant relationship between sentence length and emotional adjustment. These results suggest that long- and medium-term female inmates exhibit more difficulty with conflict and institutional misconduct than short-term inmates, thereby needing more specialized interventions.

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Idler, Annette. "The Logic of Illicit Flows in Armed Conflict." World Politics 72, no. 3 (June 10, 2020): 335–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887120000040.

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ABSTRACTWhy is there variation in how violent nonstate groups interact in armed conflict? Where armed conflict and organized crime converge in unstable regions worldwide, these groups sometimes enter cooperative arrangements with opposing groups. Within the same unstable setting, violent nonstate groups forge stable, long-term relations with each other in some regions, engage in unstable, short-term arrangements in others, and dispute each other elsewhere. Even though such paradoxical arrangements have intensified and perpetuated war, extant theories on group interactions that focus on territory and motivations overlook their concurrent character. Challenging the literature that focuses on conflict dynamics alone, the author argues that the spatial distribution of illicit flows influences how these interactions vary. By mapping cocaine supply chain networks, the author shows that long-term arrangements prevail at production sites, whereas short-term arrangements cluster at trafficking nodes. The article demonstrates through process tracing how the logic of illicit flows produces variation in the groups’ cooperative arrangements. This multiyear, multisited study includes over six hundred interviews in and about Colombia’s remote, war-torn borderlands.

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Zeng, Chao, Wenjun Wang, Chaoyang Chen, Chaofei Zhang, and Bo Cheng. "Sex Differences in Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Heart Rate Variability Measures of Fatigued Drivers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 17, 2020): 8499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228499.

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The effects of fatigue on a driver’s autonomic nervous system (ANS) were investigated through heart rate variability (HRV) measures considering the difference of sex. Electrocardiogram (ECG) data from 18 drivers were recorded during a simulator-based driving experiment. Thirteen short-term HRV measures were extracted through time-domain and frequency-domain methods. First, differences in HRV measures related to mental state (alert or fatigued) were analyzed in all subjects. Then, sex-specific changes between alert and fatigued states were investigated. Finally, sex differences between alert and fatigued states were compared. For all subjects, ten measures showed significant differences (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.01) between different mental states. In male and female drivers, eight and four measures, respectively, showed significant differences between different mental states. Six measures showed significant differences between males and females in an alert state, while ten measures showed significant sex differences in a fatigued state. In conclusion, fatigue impacts drivers’ ANS activity, and this impact differs by sex; more differences exist between male and female drivers’ ANS activity in a fatigued state than in an alert state.

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Diehl, Paul F., Jennifer Reifschneider, and Paul R. Hensel. "United Nations intervention and recurring conflict." International Organization 50, no. 4 (1996): 683–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300033555.

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The end of the cold war has signaled a dramatic increase in the number and forms of United Nations (UN) intervention into ongoing conflicts. Yet, this larger UN role has not always translated into success. Short-term failures are evident, but the long-term effects of UN efforts are not readily apparent. We explore this longer-term impact by examining the incidence of recurring conflict between state dyads following a crisis. Overall, UN intervention has proved ineffective in inhibiting, delaying, or lessening the severity of future conflicts, independent of the level of violence in the precipitating crisis, the relative capabilities of the two states, the states' history of conflict, and the form of crisis outcome; nor were UN efforts successful in deterring future conflict. These sobering results suggest that changes in long-term strategy may be in order.

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Ilmi, Akhmad Bakhrul, Diana Purwitasari, and Chastine Fatichah. "Siamese Long Short-Term Memory for Detecting Conflict of Interest on Scientific Papers." IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science 30, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j20882033.v30i2.5008.

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32

Hacioglu, Umit, Ismail Erkan Celik, and Hasan Dincer. "Risky Business in Conflict Zones: Opportunities and Threats in Post Conflict Economies." American Journal of Business and Management 1, no. 2 (June 28, 2012): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11634/216796061706121.

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Attracting international businesses and enterprises to transfer both resources and capabilities into post conflict economies is a must for sustaining long term stability, economic growth and success of recovery process. Recently, international business organizations operating in post-conflict countries became more integrated with recovery and transition process of post conflict economies. In this study, the opportunities and threats for international firms operating in post conflicted economies have been evaluated based on literature review. This study also demonstrates that (1) investment opportunities in transition economies are attractive for short and mid-term, (2) capturing undervalued firms, accessing unique marketplace, benefiting incentives, accessing IMF’s and the World Bank’s low cost credit resources and having a good reputation via contributing into stability and peace are just some of the major advantage (3) the loss of control and capital attached to the risk of unstable political conditions, the possibility of high ethnic tensions and violent riots, the lack effective corporate culture and high burden of inside conflicts, the lack of sustainable economic growth and the risk of new tax packages have negative impacts on long term success for the firms (4) the conflict risk itself is major problem dissolving investment conditions.

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Nicholls, Neville. "Do heat alerts save lives?" Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 131, no. 1 (2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs19007.

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Short-term heat events (e.g. heat waves) and cold events cause more loss of life in Australia than any other weather or climate extreme. They are also, relative to other extremes, easier to predict, exhibit larger spatial scales and thus affect more people, and responses that can reduce the excess mortality associated with them are better understood and more readily actionable. There is evidence that the heat-event alert system introduced in Victoria in 2009, and subsequently enhanced, saves lives. Improving and further enhancing heat-alert systems will reduce the costs, both human and financial, associated with heat events. This paper discusses whether a cold alert system is required, along with the possible reasons why the excess mortality after a hot event is of shorter duration than after a cold event, and why winter mortality typically exceeds summer mortality even for similar temperatures.

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Wolff, Nicole, and Christian Beste. "Short-term Smartphone App–Based Focused Attention Meditation Diminishes Cognitive Flexibility." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 8 (August 2020): 1484–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01564.

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Cognitive flexibility is an important aspect relevant to daily life situations, and there is an increasing public interest to optimize these functions, for example, using (brief) meditation practices. However, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. On the basis of theoretical considerations, both improvements and deteriorations of cognitive flexibility are possible through focused attention meditation (FAM). We investigated the effect of a brief smartphone app–based FAM on task switching using EEG methods, temporal signal decomposition, and source localization techniques (standardized low-resolution electromagnetic brain tomography). The study was conducted using a crossover study design. We show that even 15 min of FAM practicing modulates memory-based task switching, on a behavioral level and a neurophysiological level. More specifically, FAM hampers response selection and conflict resolution processes and seem to reduce cognitive resources, which are necessary to rapidly adapt to changing conditions. These effects are represented in the N2 and P3 time windows and associated with ACC. It seems that FAM increases the attention to one specific aspect, which may help to focus but carries also the risk that behavior becomes too rigid. FAM thus seems to modulate both the stimulus- and response-related aspects of conflict monitoring in ACC. Motor-related processes were not affected. The results can be explained using a cognitive control dilemma framework, suggesting that particularly alterations in background monitoring may be important to consider when explaining the effects of FAM during task switching.

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Stillman, Paul E., Danila Medvedev, and Melissa J. Ferguson. "Resisting Temptation: Tracking How Self-Control Conflicts Are Successfully Resolved in Real Time." Psychological Science 28, no. 9 (July 17, 2017): 1240–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617705386.

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Across four studies, we used mouse tracking to identify the dynamic, on-line cognitive processes that underlie successful self-control decisions. First, we showed that individuals display real-time conflict when choosing options consistent with their long-term goal over short-term temptations. Second, we found that individuals who are more successful at self-control—whether measured or manipulated—show significantly less real-time conflict in only self-control-relevant choices. Third, we demonstrated that successful individuals who choose a long-term goal over a short-term temptation display movements that are smooth rather than abrupt, which suggests dynamic rather than stage-based resolution of self-control conflicts. These findings have important implications for contemporary theories of self-control.

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Tal, Orna, and Nina Hakak. "EARLY AWARENESS AND ALERT SYSTEMS FOR MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN ISRAEL." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 28, no. 3 (July 2012): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462312000396.

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Background: Throughout the world, decision makers face the need to plan on the basis of uncertainty. Prospective updates on future trends of medical technology usage are tools to improve national health status. In Israel, this challenge is met by several steps taken to promote insight into the realm of emerging technologies. Israel's unique horizon strategy refers to three time spans: the immediate to short-term (for the coming year) updating the National List of Health Services (NLHS) and quarterly scanning; the medium-term (3 years to a decade) revitalizing hospital devices and infrastructure; and long-term planning (over a decade), such as the “Health Israel 2020 Project”.Methods: A description of the Israeli setup of different time spans and tiers.Results: The matrix of players, loci, interests, population groups, and incentives creates a complex situation and the Ministry of Health has to regulate the different suppliers and tiers of insurance (obligatory, supplementary, and private), balancing need, equity, and cost containment in preparing for future health care. However, preparedness is not a sterile laboratory and is pervaded by numerous dilemmas and the search for adequate evidence for new less mature technologies is an on-going challenge.Conclusion: Bridging the forecasting chasm for the future requires analyzing needs, reinforcing evidence and seeing “around the corner” when synergizing between all the “actors” in the national arena. Expert consultation and international cooperation with similar horizon organizations can assist in paving the way for more successful planning efforts for future medical technology implementation.

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Cureton II, James, Raelynn Deaton, and Rachel Martin. "Short term changes in sex ratio and density alter coercive male mating tactics." Behaviour 147, no. 11 (2010): 1431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000579510x519495.

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AbstractShort term fluctuations in operational sex ratio (OSR) and density can strongly influence male mating, often exacerbating conflict between males and females. Livebearing fishes of the genus Gambusia are ideal for investigating sexual conflict because males of all sizes mate coercively. In this study, we tested how short-term fluctuations in OSR and density influence coercive male mating behaviours. Specifically, we tested the prediction that as OSR becomes more female biased, males will mate with all available females. In contrast, as OSR becomes more male biased, male aggression will inhibit mating frequency. As predicted, males mated with more females as the number of available females increased. Moreover, males were less aggressive as the proportion of females increased and more aggressive as the number of males increased. This resulted in an inverse relationship between mating and aggression with OSR and density. Coercive males attempt to maximize their reproductive success by mating with all available females, which supports classic theory on the impact of OSR and density on reproductive activity.

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Wang, Hecheng, Junzheng Feng, Hui Zhang, and Xin Li. "The effect of digital transformation strategy on performance." International Journal of Conflict Management 31, no. 3 (April 1, 2020): 441–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-09-2019-0166.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to verify whether digital transformation strategy (DTS) could improve the organizational performance and provide a comprehensive analysis for enterprises on the necessity of implementing digital transformation in the context of China and draw on the perspectives of “Skewed conflict,” “minority dissent theory” and “too-much-of-a-good-thing.” This study investigates the curvilinear moderating role of cognitive conflict between DTS and performance. Design/methodology/approach An empirical investigation was used to collect a large sample data of Chinese enterprises’ digital transformation. A multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS was used to test the proposed hypotheses such as the inverted U-shaped moderating effect of the cognitive conflict. Findings In the Chinese context, DTS has a positive relationship on the short- and long-term financial performance. Moreover, this relationship was moderated by cognitive conflict such that the relationship between DTS and short-term financial performance could be further enhanced under the moderate cognitive conflict; however, the relationship between DTS and long-term financial performance was considerably influenced for higher cognitive conflict. Originality/value Based on the co-evolution of the information technology/information system (IT/IS) and business strategy, this study clarified the relationships among DTS, digital strategy and business and information technology strategies. By focusing on corporate strategy, this study further examined the effect of digital transformation on both short- and long-term financial performance. To further reveal the micro-psychological mechanisms underlying the effect of DTS on organizational performance, this study confirmed the inverted U-shaped moderating effect of the top management team’s cognitive conflict. Therefore, this research provides a new theoretical perspective for future research in the field of IT/IS, DTS and digital strategy.

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Bercovitch, Jacob, and Paul F. Diehl. "Conflict management of enduring rivalries: The frequency, timing, and short‐term impact of mediation." International Interactions 22, no. 4 (April 1997): 299–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050629708434895.

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Thothathiri, Malathi, and Kelsey L. Mauro. "The relationship between short-term memory, conflict resolution, and sentence comprehension impairments in aphasia." Aphasiology 32, no. 3 (July 12, 2017): 264–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2017.1350630.

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Bodycott, Peter. "Intragroup Conflict During Study Abroad." Journal of International Students 5, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 244–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v5i3.419.

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Co-national groups of individuals from the same country can provide members with psychological and sociocultural support when coping with the stresses of studying abroad. This article examines intragroup task and relationship conflict that occurred in one co-national group during a 14-week short-term study abroad program. Findings reveal the negative effect of intragroup conflict, within the co-national group, on student’s personal and social −ethnic− identities, acculturation and program involvement. Recommendations are made about ways to help students in co-national groups cope with acculturation and intragroup conflict, and how institutions can better prepare and support students for study abroad.

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Cole, Mary Jane R., Rosalie V. Barrett, and Gill K. Mein. "UK rehabilitation professionals' experiences undertaking short-term responses after sudden-onset disaster." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 27, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2019.0036.

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Background/Aims Rehabilitation professionals can be members of international emergency responding medical teams after a natural disaster or following conflict. There is little research that explores the experiences of rehabilitation professionals who participate in these short-term emergency responses. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of rehabilitation professionals, specifically those of occupational therapists and physiotherapists. Objectives included examining personal and professional development opportunities, and how these experiences might inform future responses and the rehabilitation professional role. Methods A phenomenological approach was undertaken. Eight semi-structured interviews were carried out with rehabilitation professionals who had worked as part of short-term response following conflict or sudden-onset disaster. Transcriptions were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Two main themes and subsequent subthemes emerged. Theme 1 was challenges, with subthemes: an emotional journey; have I made a difference; and cultural and contextual awareness. Theme 2 was opportunities, with subthemes: a short-term response; working together; and developing skills and knowledge. Conclusions The experiences of UK-based rehabilitation professionals on short-term rotational responses as part of an emergency specialised rehabilitation team were overall positive. Challenges have implications for developing future pre- and post-response training and support. Further research is recommended to determine the contribution of these responses and to continue to develop understanding of the rehabilitation professional role in a responding specialised rehabilitation team.

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LU, QIANG, and KAMBIZ MAANI. "DYNAMICS OF CONFLICT BETWEEN PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 03, no. 02 (June 2006): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877006000739.

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Based on a two-year in-depth case study in an electronics plant in Singapore, this paper examines the interaction between Production (P) and Manufacturing Engineering (ME). This interaction is rather hidden because the roles of P and ME are often consigned or executed within the manufacturing operation. P and ME are responsible for process execution and process development respectively, and for process smoothness jointly; their relationship is asymmetrical from various aspects. These factors, together with the complex market demand and associated multi-prong operational requirements, became the potential sources of short-sighted behaviors and resulting conflicts at the P-ME interface which are illustrated via a system dynamics model. Conflict management would be easier if long-term solutions (operational capability-building and technological innovation) were considered along with short-term solutions (management intervention). A key implication for management is that giving ME an equal bargaining voice and investment in process development can encourage ME to develop more advanced process technologies that enhance the performance of both P and ME.

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Akrap, Gordan, and Viacheslav Semenienko. "Hybrid warfare case studies - Croatia and Ukraine." National security and the future 21, no. 1-2 (December 15, 2020): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37458/nstf.21.1-2.1.

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Croatia’s Homeland war and aggression to Ukraine are clear examples that can be described with term Hybrid warfare. Different phases during conflict and war (every conflict is not a war; every war is a conflict) has a lot of similarities, but also has a difference. It is important to make deeper analysis to provide better and efficient lessons-learned preventive and active measures for future conflicts. This article starts with a short overview of Croatia’s Homeland war and continues with short overview of Ukrainian experience. It contains lessons-learned tools and suggestions for future activities.

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Kim, Juno. "Short-term habituation of eye-movement responses induced by galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) in the alert guinea pig." Brain Research Bulletin 79, no. 1 (April 2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.12.016.

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Nie, Gan Wei, Nurul Fathiah Ghazali, Norazman Shahar, and Muhammad Amir As'ari. "Deep stair walking detection using wearable inertial sensor via long short-term memory network." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i1.1685.

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This paper proposes a stair walking detection via Long-short Term Memory (LSTM) network to prevent stair fall event happen by alerting caregiver for assistance as soon as possible. The tri-axial accelerometer and gyroscope data of five activities of daily living (ADLs) including stair walking is collected from 20 subjects with wearable inertial sensors on the left heel, right heel, chest, left wrist and right wrist. Several parameters which are window size, sensor deployment, number of hidden cell unit and LSTM architecture were varied in finding an optimized LSTM model for stair walking detection. As the result, the best model in detecting stair walking event that achieve 95.6% testing accuracy is double layered LSTM with 250 hidden cell units that is fed with data from all sensor locations with window size of 2 seconds. The result also shows that with similar detection model but fed with single sensor data, the model can achieve very good performance which is above 83.2%. It should be possible, therefore, to integrate the proposed detection model for fall prevention especially among patients or elderly in helping to alert the caregiver when stair walking event occur.

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Babak, Vitaly, Volodymyr Kharchenko, and Volodymyr Vasylyev. "METHODS OF CONFLICT PROBABILITY ESTIMATION AND DECISION MAKING FOR AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT." Aviation 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2006.9635920.

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This research addresses the issue of conflict detection in Air Traffic Control (ATC) and in Airborne Separation Assurance System (ASAS) domains. Stochastic methods of conflict situation detection and conflict probability evaluation are presented. These methods can be used for air traffic conflict alert and avoidance systems for mid‐range monitoring of air traffic and for flight safety. The mathematical formulation of the problem and the procedure of evaluation are presented. Two methods are introduced. One is based on fast statistical simulation of predicted violations of safe separation standards, and the other gives a closed‐form analytic expression that can be applied to numerical evaluation methods. The next method proposed is a method of sequential evaluation of decision‐making time limit to prevent a dangerous approach of the aircraft for short‐range monitoring. The problem is solved by assuming that the estimation and prediction of trajectory are based on the spline‐function method. The evaluation of the boundary instants for decision‐making is achieved by solving the derived boundary equation for fixed decision‐making distance. The distinguishing feature of this method is transformation of a confidence interval of predicted distance to a confidence interval of predicted time for estimation of the decision‐making time limit.

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Barceló, Joan. "The long-term effects of war exposure on civic engagement." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 6 (February 1, 2021): e2015539118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015539118.

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What are the legacies of war exposure on civic engagement? Recent evidence suggests that domestic war may have short-term effects on participation in social organizations. Yet, it is unclear whether these effects will be present in internationalized conflicts and persist over long periods of time. Further, the pathways of persistence by which war exposure leads to greater civic engagement in the long term are even less understood. In this paper, I contribute to both questions using unique evidence from the Vietnam War. Empirically, I combine a unique US military dataset containing bombing intensity with respondents’ wartime place of residence to generate an objective indicator of conflict intensity. Then, I exploit the distance to the arbitrarily drawn border at the 17th parallel as an instrument for conflict intensity. The results show that individuals who lived in a province heavily affected by the conflict during the war tend to be more engaged in social organizations and hold greater expressive values, at least 26 y later. Further, I empirically explore the mechanisms of persistence. The empirical evidence suggests that both persistence within individuals and community-wide transmission jointly account for the long-term increase of civic engagement after conflict.

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Böhm, Robert, Özgür Gürerk, and Thomas Lauer. "Nudging Climate Change Mitigation: A Laboratory Experiment with Inter-Generational Public Goods." Games 11, no. 4 (October 9, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g11040042.

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To avoid the dangerous consequences of climate change, humans need to overcome two intertwined conflicts. First, they must deal with an intra-generational conflict that emerges from the allocation of costs of climate change mitigation among different actors of the current generation. Second, they face an inter-generational conflict that stems from the higher costs for long-term mitigation measures, particularly helping future generations, compared to the short-term actions aimed at adapting to the immediate effects of climate change, benefiting mostly the current generation. We devise a novel game to study this multi-level conflict and investigate individuals’ behavior in a lab experiment. We find that, although individuals reach sufficient cooperation levels to avoid adverse consequences for their own generation, they contribute more to cheaper short-term than to costlier long-term measures, to the detriment of future generations. Simple “nudge” interventions, however, may alter this pattern considerably. We find that changing the default contribution level to the inter-generational welfare optimum increases long-term contributions. Moreover, providing individuals with the possibility to commit themselves to inter-generational solidarity leads to an even stronger increase in long-term contributions. Nevertheless, the results also suggest that nudges alone may not be enough to induce inter-generationally optimal contributions.

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Gurevicius, Kestutis, Arto Lipponen, Rimante Minkeviciene, and Heikki Tanila. "Short- and long-term habituation of auditory event-related potentials in the rat." F1000Research 2 (September 11, 2013): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-182.v1.

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An auditory oddball paradigm in humans generates a long-duration cortical negative potential, often referred to as mismatch negativity. Similar negativity has been documented in monkeys and cats, but it is controversial whether mismatch negativity also exists in awake rodents. To this end, we recorded cortical and hippocampal evoked responses in rats during alert immobility under a typical passive oddball paradigm that yields mismatch negativity in humans. The standard stimulus was a 9 kHz tone and the deviant either 7 or 11 kHz tone in the first condition. We found no evidence of a sustained potential shift when comparing evoked responses to standard and deviant stimuli. Instead, we found repetition-induced attenuation of the P60 component of the combined evoked response in the cortex, but not in the hippocampus. The attenuation extended over three days of recording and disappeared after 20 intervening days of rest. Reversal of the standard and deviant tones resulted is a robust enhancement of the N40 component not only in the cortex but also in the hippocampus. Responses to standard and deviant stimuli were affected similarly. Finally, we tested the effect of scopolamine in this paradigm. Scopolamine attenuated cortical N40 and P60 as well as hippocampal P60 components, but had no specific effect on the deviant response. We conclude that in an oddball paradigm the rat demonstrates repetition-induced attenuation of mid-latency responses, which resembles attenuation of the N1-component of human auditory evoked potential, but no mismatch negativity.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Short term conflict alert'

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