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Journal articles on the topic 'Short-term missions Church development'
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1
Tong, Joseph. "Theories of Leadership and Church Management." Excelsis Deo: Jurnal Teologi, Misiologi, dan Pendidikan 3, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51730/ed.v3i1.6.
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Management is the integration and coordination of resources to effectively move the organization towards the desired goals. The concepts and key elements in management are organizations. This organization is also divided into two namely: voluntary organizations and voluntary organizations. The objectives of this management are: (1) Vision and mission for existence; (2) Objectives and targets; (3) The desired destination and floating destination. Management effectiveness refers to how well an organization reaches its goals over a period of time. This emphasizes goals or mission (long distance) and goals (short term). Effectiveness contrasts with efficiency. Efficiency is a short-term measure of how well an organization uses resources. Healthy organization management must be effective and efficient. Leadership relates to people, while management pays more attention to tasks and performance. As far as the organization is concerned, these two things have the same function in promoting the well-being and development of healthy organizations to achieve organizational goals. Manajemen adalah integrasi dan koordinasi sumber daya untuk menggerakkan organisasi secara efektif menuju tujuan yang diinginkan. Adapun konsep dan elemen kunci dalam manajemen yaitu organisasi. Organisasi ini pun dibagi menjadi dua yakni: organisasi sukarela dan organisasi tidak sukarela. Tujuan dari manajemen ini adalah: (1) Visi dan misi untuk eksistensi; (2) Tujuan dan target; (3) Tujuan yang diinginkan dan tujuan mengambang. Efektivitas manajemen mengacu pada seberapa baik sebuah organisasi untuk mencapai tujuannya selama periode waktu tertentu. Hal ini menekankan pada tujuan atau misi (jarak jauh) dan tujuan (jangka pendek). Efektivitas kontras dengan efisiensi. Efisiensi adalah ukuran jangka pendek seberapa baik sebuah organisasi menggunakan sumber daya. Manajemen organisasi yang sehat harus efektif dan efisien. Kepemimpinan berkaitan dengan orang, sedangkan manajemen lebih memperhatikan tugas dan kinerjanya. Sejauh menyangkut organisasi, dua hal ini memiliki fungsi yang sama dalam mempromosikan kesejahteraan dan pengambangan organisasi yang sehat untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi.
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Stearman, Allyn Maclean. "Better Fed than Dead: The Yuquí of Bolivia and the New Tribes Mission: A 30-Year Retrospective." Missiology: An International Review 24, no. 2 (April 1996): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182969602400206.
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In the mid-1960s, the New Tribes Mission successfully completed the first of three peaceful contacts with the Yuquí Indians of the Bolivian Amazon. Because of the small sizes of the groups and mission efforts to provide immediate medical care, the Yuquí did not suffer significant initial population decline as is normally the case. In the mid-1980s, changing social and economic relationships between the Yuquí and the outside world caused unforseen disruptions in the previously closed mission environment. The intervention of anthropologists and development agencies coupled with escalating attacks against the New Tribes Mission by the Catholic Church altered the nature of missionary involvement with the Yuquí. A short-term multilateral development project initiated in 1987 witnessed unprecedented cooperation between mission personnel and development workers.
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Kostarelos, Frances. "Short-Term Missions in the Orthodox Church in North America." Missiology: An International Review 41, no. 2 (March 18, 2013): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091829612475165.
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Vincent, John. "Book Review: Engaging the Church: Analyzing the Canvas of Short-Term Missions." Missiology: An International Review 37, no. 3 (July 2009): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182960903700320.
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Brown, Ron. "Interim or Intentional Interim©." Review & Expositor 100, no. 2 (May 2003): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003463730310000207.
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Should a church seek an Intentional Interim Minister? Brown suggests it should following a long term pastorate of over 7 years, a forced termination, church conflict, or a series of short term pastorates (2–3 years). How does a church find an Intentional Interim Minister? The church should contact its Director of Missions, the Church/Minister Relations office of its Baptist state convention, or the Interim Ministry Network. The church and Intentional Interim Minister should negotiate their mutual responsibilities and expectations.
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Clarós, Pedro. "Legal framework governing Short-Term Medical Missions." Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports 3, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/072.
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The presence and influence of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the landscape of global health and development have dramatically increased over the past several decades. Increasingly, Medical Practitioners in industrialized countries have become interested in global health issues, an interest that often takes the form of Short-Term international Medical Missions (STMMs). His article will aim to help Medical Practitioners to have a synthetic overview of the legal framework governing medical volunteering in STMMs and give them some recommendations. The idea of this article started from the need to have an overview of the legal framework governing medical volunteering missions organized by the Claros’s Foundation named "Foundation Clarós" (hereinafter also "FC"). To better understand who this article is addressed to, it is interesting to bring to your attention the concrete case from which this article was born. The following is a brief outline of what FC is all about. FC is a private, non-profit organization (NGO) whose aim is to provide medical care and alleviate the suffering of people in health and medical precarious situations.
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Shaw, Ian J. "Thomas Chalmers, David Nasmith, and the Origins of the City Mission Movement." Evangelical Quarterly 76, no. 1 (April 21, 2004): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-07601002.
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The development of important models for urban mission took place in early nineteenth-century Glasgow. Thomas Chalmers’ work is widely known, but that of David Nasmith has been the subject of less study. This article explores the ideas shared by Chalmers and Nasmith, and their influence on the development of the city mission movement. Areas of common ground included the need for extensive domestic visitation, the mobilisation of the laity including a middle- class lay leadership, efficient organisation, emphasis on education, and discerning provision of charity. In the long term Chalmers struggled to recruit and retain sufficient volunteers to sustain his parochial urban mission scheme. However, Nasmith’s pan-evangelical scheme succeeded in attracting a steady stream of lay recruits to work as city missioners, as well as mission directors. Through their agency a significant attempt was made to reach those amongst the urban masses who had little or no church connection.
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Schuster, Jürgen. "Karl Hartenstein." Mission Studies 19, no. 1 (2002): 53–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338302x00053.
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AbstractThis article is a study of the life of Karl Hartenstein (1894-1952) and his contribution to world mission. Three contributions of Hartenstein to mission theology are outlined, focusing on Hartenstein's approach to (1) the theology of religions and the missio Dei (missio), (2) ecumenism (unio), and (3) eschatology and suffering (passio). In the first place, Hartenstein's contribution to the theology of religions and the development of the idea of missio Dei was considerable. Regarding the former, his understanding of religions began with Barth's rejection of religion as unbelief, but was later modified to take, like Kraemer, a more dialectical stance in that religion was viewed both as a human attempt at self-salvation and as the human quest for divine salvation. Regarding the latter, Hartenstein coined the term in 1934. The expression shifted the emphasis away from an activist, church-centered understanding of mission to one that saw mission primarily as the action of God. But, unlike later developments of this theology, his understanding of the relationship between the missio Dei and the missio ecclesiae was always one of a close relationship. Second, Hartenstein was a strong supporter of the ecumenical unity of the church. His participation in Amsterdam in 1948 and his efforts to rebuild fellowship with the European churches after World War II must be seen together with the rejection of German nationalism through his strong support of the Confessing Church. Third, for Hartenstein the salvation-historical understanding of biblical theology was the key element for understanding mission. "Mission with a focus on the end" provided not only a correct understanding of mission, motivation for mission, and readiness for suffering; it also clarified the relationship between the missio Dei and the missio ecclesiae.
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D'Amico, David F. "Word about Recent Book: IV. Ministerial Studies: Engaging the Church: Analyzing the Canvas of Short-Term Missions." Review & Expositor 107, no. 4 (December 2010): 573–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003463731010700418.
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Meyer, Robert D., and Diane K. Meyer. "Recruitment considerations for dental short-term missions relating to the holistic development of dentists." Journal of the American Dental Association 151, no. 12 (December 2020): 944–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2020.07.001.
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Deboick, Sophia L. "Céline Martin’s Images of Thérèse of Lisieux and the Creation of a Modern Saint." Studies in Church History 47 (2011): 376–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400001091.
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At the time of the death of Sœur Thérèse de l’Enfant-Jésus (Marie-Françoise-Thérèse Martin, 2 January 1873 — 30 September 1897) the Carmelite convent of Lisieux was a hidden and poor community, destined to remain as obscure and forgotten as Thérèse herself had been during her nine-year career as a nun. Just twenty-eight years later, Thérèse had been made a saint and the Carmel of Lisieux had become the focus of the attention of the whole Catholic world. There was little remarkable about Thérèse’s short and sheltered life, but she has enjoyed an incredible ‘posthumous life’ through her second career as a saint. The autobiographical writings she produced during her time at the Carmel were published in 1898 asL’Histoire d’une âme (The Story of a Sout)and were an instant success, later becoming a classic of Catholic spirituality. Her canonization in 1925 was the quickest since 1588 at the time, and Pope Pius XI referred to her rapid rise to fame as a ‘storm of glory’, later calling her ‘the star of his pontificate’. Named Patroness of the Missions in 1927, she became Patroness of France, alongside Joan of Arc, immediately after the liberation of France in 1944, and in 1997 Pope John Paul II named her a Doctor of the Church. Only the third woman to earn this title, she became ranked alongside the legendary names of Teresa of Àvila and Catherine of Siena. Since 1994 her relics have been on an almost constant world tour and when they visited Ireland in 2001 the organizers estimated that seventy-five per cent of the total population turned out to venerate them — some 2.9 million people. In September and October 2009 they visited England and Wales, a unique event in the religious history of Britain, which stimulated considerable interest in Thérèse as a historical personality. But while the biographies of Thérèse proliferate, the importance of her posthumous existence for European religious culture continues to be overlooked. This paper looks at the construction of the cult of Thérèse of Lisieux after her death, paying particular attention to the role which the Carmel of Lisieux and its key personalities played in this process, and highlighting the central role played by images and commercial products in the development of the cult.
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Laksito, Petrus Canisius Edi. "PLANTATIO ECCLESIAE DAN PAROKI MISIONER DALAM ARDAS KEUSKUPAN SURABAYA 2020-2030." JPAK: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Katolik 21, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34150/jpak.v21i1.304.
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Plantatio Ecclesiae is a particular term elaborated in missiology in the first half of the 20th century, and then used by the Vatican Council II in the decree on the mission activity of the Church Ad Gentes (1965) to designate the definition of mission and its goal, as well. From this perspective, it is believed that mission is not merely a question about converting souls and, therefore, bringing them to eternal salvation, but especially a “plantation of the Church” in the lands not yet touched by christian faith. Thus, mission is not only about individual salvation, but particularly about the formation of new christian communities comprised of indigenous people with their own hierarchical leaders, who live their own native values and culture contributing themselves for the local development and the good of their own society, enlightened by christian faith and strengthened by christian love. Being used to determine the ideal of a missionary parish in the Basic Orientation (Arah Dasar) of the Diocese of Surabaya 2020-2030, this term is important to be studied. This study tries to learn how the ideal of a missionary parish, seen from the perspective of plantatio Ecclesiae theology, could be realized by the Catholic Church of the Diocese of Surabaya in the years to come.
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Larson, H. Elliott. "More Than the Pandemic." Christian Journal for Global Health 7, no. 5 (December 18, 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.493.
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It is fitting for this issue of the Christian Journal for Global Health to come to you just before Christmas. We remember the birth of the Christ child, God with us. God with us not just in the ordinariness of human life, but in the calamities, defeats, and suffering entailed in that ordinariness. The coronavirus pandemic, as well as myriad of other human afflictions, is a reminder of those aspects of life. Surely the greatest spiritual lesson of the pandemic is that we are not the masters of our own destiny. The pandemic is a rebuke to the hubris of our age – that human knowledge is the remedy for all ills. Responses to the pandemic have exposed the fissures in our societies as well. While the healthcare community has responded heroically to the challenges, churches have served as a much-needed solace and source of health information, as well as, at times, sources of spread. Some who consider faith non-essential and are antagonistic to it have proposed severe restrictions to much-needed fellowship.
In the providence of God, we are able to rejoice at the arrival of effective vaccines to prevent SARS CoV-2 infection, the world-wide calamity that has dogged us for nearly an entire year. The vaccines come out-of-time, as it were, having been developed, produced, and tested with a speed that is astonishing. Hopefully, they will enable this devastating infectious disease to be put behind us. If that proves to be possible, it is salutary to ponder what is able to be anticipated and to appreciate the perspicacity of someone like Dr. Jono Quick, whose book, The End of Epidemics, foresaw in 2018 what came to pass in 2020. For additional insights, we are pleased to feature in this issue a guest editorial by Dr. Quick which surveys some of the challenges that the release, use, and equitable global distribution of the vaccines hold for us, as well as the Christian responsibility to follow the data for both individualized whole-person care and community care as acts of love for our global neighbor.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted systemic vulnerabilities, health inequities, and the ongoing diseases and conditions that continue to threaten individuals and populations. The response to the pandemic has affected the global economy and exacerbated hunger and extreme poverty. Progress in global health to control the remaining poliovirus, HIV, malaria and tuberculosis has also been tragically impaired due to the pandemic.1
Two original articles describe efforts to evaluate health needs for chronically impoverished villages and then to train Christian health workers in the ways to most effectively service those needs. Claudia Bale reports that the results of surveying Guatemalan villages for health needs and barriers to health produced a variety of themes that provided guidance for the organizations seeking to meet these needs. Sneha Kirubakaran and colleagues evaluated a short course in global health from Australia that sought to prepare Christian health workers for international service.
This issue features three reviews. Samuel Adu-Gyamfi and his colleagues from Ghana completed an extensive systematic review of the role of missions in Sub-Saharan Africa, finding that although the scope of work changed over time, the aim of sharing the gospel motivated work in a broad scope of activities in development, education, and healthcare which continues to be relevant. Omololu Fagunwa from Nigeria provides a history lesson based on original source documents on how the 1918 influenza pandemic affected the growth of Pentecostalism in Africa. Alexander Miles, Matthew Reeve, and Nathan Grills from University of Melbourne completed a systematic literature review showing evidence of the significant effectiveness of community health workers in dealing with non-communicable diseases in India.
Two commentaries offer fresh approaches to persisting healthcare issues. Richard Thomas and Niels French describe the population health model and explain how it is particularly suited to a role in the future for mission hospitals and to address a variety of global health concerns. Melody Oereke, Kenneth David, and Ezeofor Onyedikachukwu from Nigeria offer their thoughts on how Christian pharmacists can employ a model for prayer, faith, and action in their professional calling. The coronavirus pandemic has required healthcare and aid organizations to come up with creative solutions to completely novel circumstances if they were to be able to continue their ministries. Daryn Joy Go and her colleagues from International Care Ministries describe their employment of social networking technologies in the Philippines to continue their work in extreme poverty alleviation as well as spiritual nourishment despite lockdown conditions and severe limitations on travel and communication.
Finally, Pieter Nijssen reviews Creating Shared Resilience: The Role of the church in a Hopeful Future, by David Boan and Josh Ayers. In our world of short-term gain and short attention spans, resilience is a commodity in tragically short supply. Pastor Nijssen’s discussion helpfully expands on an ongoing discussion of how faith and justice must be integrated in any faithful gospel ministry and how this, itself, promotes resilience in the face of crises.
We call our readers’ attentions to our current call for papers, Environmental Concern and Global Health. Our stewardship of the earth and its resources was part of God’s first command to Adam and Eve and an important aspect of human flourishing throughout the Bible. That stewardship has implications for global health that deserve study and explanation. Click on the link to the call for a list of the subjects we hope to see in submissions on this topic and many others within the unique and broad scope of the journal.
During this season of both widespread challenge and enduring hope, we pray for peace on earth, and good will to all people.
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Coutaz, Gregory. "Image-building as Impetus for the Growth of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA)’s Engagement in International Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HA/DR) Operations." European Journal of East Asian Studies 18, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 36–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-01801006.
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AbstractThe People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA’s) engagement in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HA/DR) enables China to reassure the international community and change perceptions of its global intentions. Natural disasters are expected to increase worldwide, requiring greater PLA involvement in international HA/DR missions. However, maximising the public relations benefits of participating in such missions will require leadership to avoid short-term irritations and political speculation that often accompany China’s foreign intervention, hampering Beijing’s soft-power initiatives.
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MAIDEN, JOHN. "Renewing the Body of Christ: Sharing of Ministries Abroad (SOMA) USA and Transnational Charismatic Anglicanism, 1978–1998." Journal of American Studies 51, no. 4 (October 10, 2017): 1243–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875816001444.
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Sharing of Ministries Abroad (SOMA) was formed in the late 1970s as an international organization for the cultivation of charismatic renewal amongst leaderships within the global Anglican Communion. This article explores the ethos and activities of its American national body. It argues that its short term, cross-cultural missions increasingly displayed mutuality and long-term partnership rather than one-directional American influence, and thus reflected a developing shift in the understanding and practice of global mission in the late twentieth century. The organiztion shaped awareness of the global Church amongst some US Episcopalians and constructed an influential transnational network within charismatic Anglicanism. Furthermore, SOMA's network was one context for the emergence of global North–South conservative solidarity in the politics of the Anglican Communion.
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Burrows, Dominique, Stephen J. Snyder, and Andrew Ferro. "Perceived Longitudinal Effects of SLMTs." Journal of Psychology and Theology 46, no. 3 (August 29, 2018): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091647118794242.
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This current study analyzed the long-term holistic development of intercultural competency in undergraduates who participated in a short-term service-learning missions trip (SLMT). We compared alumni who had participated in the program against a control group who did not. As expected, the SLMT group had significantly higher perceived intercultural competency in the scales of Knowledge, Awareness, Behavior, Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Growth, Intellect, and Spirituality. It was also found that alumni who participated in the SLMT in conjunction with a study abroad trip experienced significantly higher gains in all eight of the competency scales when compared to those who only participated in the SLMT and the control group. Furthermore, there were no significant differences found between the SLMT time cohorts (2–7, 8–13 post-experience) for six of the eight competencies. We conclude by discussing how the intentional use of preparation, reflection, and debriefing are critical for perceived changes in short-term missions’ experiences.
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Oluwafemi, Funmilola Adebisi, Andrea De La Torre, Esther Morayo Afolayan, Bolanle Magret Olalekan-Ajayi, Bal Dhital, Jose G. Mora-Almanza, George Potrivitu, Jessica Creech, and Aureliano Rivolta. "Space Food and Nutrition in a Long Term Manned Mission." Advances in Astronautics Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (August 25, 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42423-018-0016-2.
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Abstract Fulfillment of space exploration mission is key, but much more important are the lives of the explorers. Keeping the astronauts alive, jolly and healthy for long term manned mission has recently being a major and important research area. A major contribution seems to be the food they eat. For short term space manned missions, astronauts food could be taken along with them from Earth, but for manned missions to the Moon, Mars and Venus which are the current research destinations for long term space missions, they must find a means for their nutrition such as growing plants and finding any other alternatives for their survival. As most of these proposed missions have being designed to be one-way missions whereby the astronauts will not come back to the Earth. Good food and nutrition for astronauts help to keep their psychology and physiology in good shape. In this paper, solutions will be made on the various alternatives for feeding astronauts in the long term missions to various celestial bodies: Moon, Mars and Venus, where the atmosphere, gravity, soil, radiation and other conditions vary from one to the other and may not support germination, growth and development of plants. Therefore, review will be done on the following: having fore knowledge of how plants will grow on these celestial bodies by simulating their soils; using mathematical/theoretical models to get the growth rate of plants in relation to the gravity available on these celestial bodies using available data from terrestrial growth (1 g growth) and microgravity/microgravity simulations facilities; getting to know how the plants will be grown such as using greenhouse method as a result of the atmosphere and radiation in these celestial bodies; and other various alternatives for growing plants and having the astronauts well-nourished such as using aeroponics and hydroponics methods. A brief discussion will also be done on food choice for astronauts considering psychosocial and cultural factors.
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Kasprzak, Dariusz. "Teologia kapłaństwa i urzędu kapłańskiego w I wieku chrześcijaństwa." Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny 63, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21906/rbl.165.
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Neither the Apostles nor any Christian minister is admitted to use the priest’s title in the text of the New Testament. Nevertheless, in the New Testament we can perceive the development of the doctrine of the priest ministry in the early Church. Albert Vanhoye maintains that the lack of the term “priest” in the New Testament suggests the way of understanding of the Christian ministry, different from this in the Old Testament. It can’t be considered as a continuation of Jewish priesthood, which was concentrated mainly on ritual action and ceremonies. In the first century the Church developed the Christology of priesthood (Hbr) and ecclesiology of priesthood (1 P). Early Christians focused first on the redemptive event of Jesus Christ’s sacrifice and Jesus as the mediator of a new covenant. Only then the religious communities adopted the priest’s title for their ministry.In the early years of the Church, all the ministries were regarded as a charismatic service among the Christian communities. In their services the early Christians followed Jesus Christ sent by God to serve. The Holy Spirit sent by God in the name of Jesus bestowed the spiritual gifts upon the Church (1 Kor 12–13). Consequently the disciples of Jesus and their successors could continue his mission. The Twelve Apostles’ ministry was the very first and most important Christian ministry. It was closely connected to the service of Jesus Christ himself. The Apostles were sent by the authority of Jesus Christ to continue his mission upon earth and they preached the Good News of the risen Christ. The Apostolicity was the fundamental base for every Church ministry established in different Christian communities. Successive ministries were established in order to transmit the teaching of Jesus Christ and to lead the community. For the early Christians the priesthood was not an individual privilege. It had rather the community character.
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Baldi, Antonella, and Colin Wilde. "COST Action B20: Mammary Development, Function and Cancer." Journal of Dairy Research 72, S1 (July 22, 2005): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029905001287.
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The COST ProgrammeThe Cooperation in Science and Technology Programme (COST) is an inter-governmental framework for European Co-operation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research. COST is managed by the European Science Foundation, and in May 2005 supported almost 200 Actions involving nearly 30000 scientists from 32 European member countries and more than 50 participating institutions from 11 non-member countries. These Actions are networks of coordinated national research project in fields which are of interest to a minimum number of participants (at least 5) from different member states. COST Actions cover basic and pre-competitive research as well as activities of public utility. The members of each Action are drawn from member countries which have ratified the Action, and their activities are informed by a programme accepted by the ESF management at time of application and reviewed on an annual basis throughout the Action. Each Action comprises three principal activities: the workshops where the science or technology matters of the Action are presented and discussed; the Action's short-term scientific missions, which allow contacts made during workshop networking to be developed; and, thirdly, the dissemination of the Action's science through publication or electronic communication.
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Lamberty, Kim. "Proclaiming the reign of God in a suffering world: The movement from development to liberation." Missiology: An International Review 45, no. 1 (January 2017): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091829616682525.
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Today’s missionary, whether long-term or short-term, church-based or part of a faith-based NGO, is faced with grinding poverty and the extreme isolation and marginalization of vulnerable populations. This article will develop a theological foundation that calls missionaries to address the root causes of poverty as a key element of proclaiming the Good News, and will conclude with specific and concrete recommendations for doing so. The article places liberation theology in dialogue with Catholic Social Teaching and with the experiences of faith-based development agencies. Particular attention is given to the work of Gustavo Gutiérrez and Pope Paul VI’s document, Populorum Progressio. The article will illustrate the ways that liberation theology has challenged Catholic Social Teaching in its thinking about how to respond to economic marginalization, insisting that charitable aid is insufficient and highlighting the difference between “development” and “liberation.”
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Honkanen, Antti. "Churches and Statues: Cultural Tourism in Finland." Tourism and Hospitality Research 3, no. 4 (April 2002): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146735840200300408.
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Tourism in Finland is chiefly oriented towards nature, but culture has an important role to play as well. Almost every cultural attraction with more than 100,000 visitors per year is situated in the major cities. Typically, the most popular cultural attraction in the cities is a church or a museum. In the rural areas, almost the only significant attractions are short-term festivals. It seems that successful cultural attractions do require a large population catchment surrounding them. Normally, local residents also enjoy culture attractions. The paper considers the relationship between cultural attractions and the location.
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Pakpahan, Poetri Leharia, and Umi Habibah. "Manajemen Program Pengembangan Kurikulum PAI dan Budi Pekerti dalam Pembentukan Karakter Religius Siswa." Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education 2, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v2i1.19.
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The research was a qualitative study using a case description in the elementary Muhammadiyah Macanan. The informans are head master of elementary Muhammadiyah Mcanan, PAI dan Budi Pekerti’s teacher, coordinator of curriculum, Thafidz’s teacher, teacher’s class, and fifth graders. The technique for collecting datas are used observations, and documentations, and indepth interviews. And the result showed that: 1) manajement of curriculum development program PAI dan Budi Pekerti used four functions management, they are a) Plannings arranged in the vision, missions, and objectives of the program, and the various programs, they are short term, medium-term, and long term programs b) Organizing of human resources involved in the preparation of program and graduation competency standards, c) Implementations of development program are devided to dhuha prayers, dzuhur prayers, jum’at prayers, reading the holly Qur’an, and memorizing the qur’an. And content standards consisting of core competencies and basic competencies d) Evaluations are devided to achievement of planning, organizing, and implementing through graduation competency standards in dimency of attitude and skills. 2) The building of religious characters are devided to a) the teacher’s way how to provide the building religious characters; b) the teacher’s way to do the building religious characters; c) habituation methods in building religious characters.
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Vaillancourt, R., J. Ma, and J. Sampalis. "Assessment of Risks Associated with Short-Term Use of Mefloquine in Canadian Forces Members: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study." Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada 138, no. 7 (September 2005): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/171516350513800705.
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Background: Media reports have implicated mefloquine as a contributor to adverse health effects experienced by military members serving in areas where chloroquine-resistant malaria is endemic. A systematic retrospective review has been undertaken to evaluate the health effects seen in members who received mefloquine for chemoprophylaxis against malaria. Methods: Medical records of Regular Canadian Forces (CF) personnel who served in Somalia between 1992 and 1993 were reviewed by trained data extractors. All health effects recorded during treatment with mefloquine were assigned ICD-10-CA codes. Data extractors also noted if the effect has been reported with mefloquine, and rated the severity of the effect. Cohen's kappa was calculated to determine concordance between extractors, and descriptive statistics used to report the health effects seen. Results: The majority of the 1413 subjects identified were male (96%). A total of 5019 adverse health effects were recorded in the medical records, most of which were mild in severity. At least one adverse effect which could potentially have been related to mefloquine was reported in 74.7% ( n = 1056) of subjects. Of the adverse effects recorded, 21 were classified by the data extractors as major (18 cases affecting the nervous system and 3 cardiovascular system effects). These results are consistent with those reported in other populations. Conclusions: The results of this study have been applied to guide development of policies governing the provision of chemoprophylaxis during subsequent military missions. In particular, resources have been allocated to formalize the counselling provided to members regarding antimalarials and prevention of malaria infection.
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Rasli, Roznim Mohamad, Nor Azah Abdul Aziz, Erni Marlina Saari, Mazlina Che Mustafa, and Sopia Md Yassin. "Early childhood care and education trainees’ perspectives of their career path." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i3.20856.
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Education, either formal or informal, plays an important role to help the masses. As such, educators, especially trainees, are entrusted to teach young generations all important elements, principles, or concepts in a wide range of disciplines. Surely, such an undertaking, especially for early childhood care and education, requires quality teachers. In this regard, existing early childhood care and education modules or curricula should be periodically reviewed and revamped (if necessary) to help produce competent teachers who are excellent in all aspects encompassing content, pedagogical, and technological knowledge. This paper discusses the professional growth and development of trainees in early childhood care and education (ECCE) in terms of short- and long-term goals, missions, and career path-planning. The paper also elaborates on the relevant training workshops, courses, modules, and curricula that can be implemented to help improve their practical skills. The discussion also highlights the importance of incentives, such as attractive salaries, bonuses, acknowledgments, and awards, from employers that can not only motivate trainees but also advance their professional growth and development. Certainty, strong development knowledge, practical skills, and experiences can help such trainees to be become highly competent, which can significantly contribute to nation-building efforts in Malaysia.
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Nayak, Keshav R., Nguyen Ba Trieu, Jeffrey O’Dell, Shellie Kendall, Kelly Stanton, Nguyen Huu Thanh Han, David Krause, et al. "Serial Echocardiographic Follow-up of Structural Heart Interventions Performed During Pacific Partnership Interventional Cardiology Subject Matter Exchanges From 2015 to 2017 in Da Nang, Vietnam." Military Medicine 186, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2021): 833–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa499.
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ABSTRACT Introduction The U.S. Navy Medicine has a long history of conducting global health missions that foster international diplomacy through medical knowledge exchange with a goal of increasing partner nation’s health care capacity. Pacific Partnership is an annual U.S. Navy-sponsored joint operation that enhances medical collaboration with participating nations throughout the Indo-Asia-Pacific region. Since 2015, a U.S. Navy Cardiology team has conducted a structural heart disease interventional workshop focused on congenital heart disease with the cardiologists at the Da Nang General Hospital, Da Nang, Vietnam. Herein, we describe the multinational collaborative project including the patient registry we developed to monitor the short- and long-term outcomes of structural heart disease interventions preformed during Pacific Partnership 2015 and 2016. Materials and Methods Our team developed a sustainable procedural registry with the goal of following the long-term outcomes of cardiac interventions for congenital heart disease in Vietnamese patients. Specifically, the registry was designed to record the changes in symptoms referable to the cardiovascular system and for device placement–associated complications for devices placed in 2015 and 2016 and has been updated annually thereafter. Results Twelve patients (age range, 7 months to 31 years) underwent successful atrial septal defect closure in 2015 without procedural complications. The follow-up rate was 75% at 1 year and 67% at 2 years, and all devices were in appropriate position with no complications identified. Fifteen patients (age range, 20-66 years) underwent successful atrial septal defect closure in 2016. The follow-up rate was 62.5% at 1 year, and all devices were in appropriate position with no complications identified. Three patients (age range, 5-25 months) underwent successful device closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in 2015 without complications. The follow-up rate was 67% in 2016 and again in 2017. Six patients (age range, 9-74 years) underwent successful patent ductus arteriosus closure in 2016 without complications. The follow-up rate was 67% in 2017, and all devices were in appropriate position with no device-related complications identified. Conclusions The development of a patient registry during these missions allowed for the longitudinal monitoring of outcomes for cardiac interventions. Notably, treated patients experienced symptomatic improvement without significant long-term procedural complications. Following patients longitudinally across medical missions is of recognized importance but remains a difficult objective to achieve for a multitude of factors including administrative and financial burdens on both the medical systems and the patients of host nations. Despite these limitations, longitudinal follow-up of patient care facilitated by a patient registry has a vital role in monitoring the quality of care provided and should be an integral part of all future global medical missions.
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Warburg, Margit. "De danske udlandskirker. En religionsdemografisk model for migrantmenigheder." Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift, no. 62 (November 20, 2015): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/rt.v0i62.22568.
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From the perspective of sociology of religion, the Danish churches abroad are similar to other migrant congregations, primarily by caring for broader social and cultural needs among the members of the congregation than what is usually the case in the home country. Abroad, the Danish churches are ethnic minority churches, and I analyse their demographic development on the basis of a new, general model for migrant congregations. On the basis of this model I argue that like other immigrant congregations the Danish churches abroad have to consider the issue of assimilation and the issue of proselytising. These issues are decisive for the long-term survival of the congregations and their position in the Danish model of religion.Fra et religionssociologisk perspektiv ligner de danske udlandskirker først og fremmest andre migrantmenigheder ved, at de dækker bredere sociale og kulturelle behov blandt menighedens medlemmer, end hvad der normalt er tilfældet i hjemlandet. I udlandet er de danske kirker etniske minoritetskirker, og deres demografiske udvikling bliver analyseret med udgangspunkt i en ny, generel demografisk model for migrantmenigheder. Ud fra modellen kan man argumentere for, at de danske udlandskirker er tvunget til at forholde sig til nogle helt centrale spørgsmål, som gælder alle migrantmenigheder, nemlig spørgsmålet om assimilation og spørgsmålet om mission. Svarene på disse spørgsmål er afgørende for menighedernes overlevelse på længere sigt og deres placering i den danske religionsmodel
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Blankson, I. M. "Air-Breathing Hypersonic Cruise: Prospects for Mach 4–7 Waverider Aircraft." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 116, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906779.
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There is currently a renewal of world-wide interest in hypersonic flight. Vehicle concepts being considered range from cruise missiles to SSTO and TSTO vehicles. The new characteristics of these vehicles are that they will be powered by air-breathing engines and have long residence times in the air-breathing corridor. In the Mach 4–7 regime, waverider aircraft are being considered as candidates for both long-range and short-range cruise missions, as hypersonic missiles, and as high-L/D highly maneuverable vehicles. This paper will discuss the potential for near-term and far-term application of air-breathing engines to the above-mentioned waverider vehicle concepts and missions. In particular, the cruise mission is discussed in detail and attempts are made to compare and contrast it with the accelerator mission. Past criticisms levied against waveriders alleging low volumetric efficiency, lack of engine/airframe integration studies, poor off-design performance, poor take-off and landing capability, have been shown by ongoing research to be unfounded. A discussion is presented of some of the technical challenges and ongoing research aimed at realizing such vehicles: from turboramjet and scramjet technology development, propulsion-airframe integration effects on vehicle performance, aeroservothermoelastic systems analysis, hypersonic stability and control with aeroservothermoelastic and propulsion effects, etc. A unique and very strong aspect of hypersonic vehicle design is the integration and interaction of the propulsion system, aerodynamics, aerodynamic heating, stability and control, and materials and structures. This first-order multidisciplinary situation demands the ability to integrate highly coupled and interacting elements in a fundamental and optimal fashion to achieve the desired performance. Some crucial technology needs are found in propulsion-airframe integration and its role in configuration definition, hypersonic boundary-layer transition and its impact on vehicle gross-weight and mission success, scramjet combustor mixing length and its impact on engine weight and, CFD (turbulence modeling, transition modeling, etc) as a principal tool for the design of hypersonic vehicles. Key technology implications in thermal management, structures, materials, and flight control systems will also be briefly discussed. It is concluded that most of the technology requirements in the Mach 4–7 regime are relatively conventional, making cited applications near-term, yet offering very significant advancements in aircraft technology.
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Licina, Derek. "Hospital Ships Adrift? Part 1: A Systematic Literature Review Characterizing US Navy Hospital Ship Humanitarian and Disaster Response, 2004-2012." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 28, no. 3 (February 15, 2013): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x13000149.
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AbstractBackgroundUnited States foreign policy is tied extensively to health initiatives, many related to the use of military assets. Despite substantial resource investment by the US Department of Defense (DoD) in hospital ship humanitarian assistance and disaster response missions, the impact of this investment is unclear.MethodsA systematic literature review of both peer-reviewed and grey literature using eight databases representing the international community and multiple sectors was conducted. Data on the characteristics of missions directly related to US Navy hospital ship humanitarian assistance and disaster response from 2004-2012 were extracted and documented.ResultsOf the 1445 sources reviewed, a total of 43 publications met criteria for review. Six (13.9%) met empirical documentation criteria and 37 (86.0%) were considered nonempirical expert opinions and anecdotal accounts that were primarily descriptive in nature. Overall, disaster response accounted for 67.4% (29/43) and humanitarian assistance 25.6% (11/43). Public and private sector participants produced 79.0% (34/43) and 20.9% (9/43) of the publications respectively. Of private sector publications, 88.9% (8/9) focused on disaster response compared to 61.8% (21/34) from the public sector. Of all publications meeting inclusion criteria, 81.4% (35/43) focused on medical care, 9.3% (4/43) discussed partnerships, 4.7% (2/43) training, and 4.7% (2/43) medical ethics and strategic utilization. No primary author publications from the diplomatic, development, or participating host nations were identified. One (2.3%) of the 43 publications was from a partner nation participant.DiscussionWithout rigorous research methods yielding valid and reliable data-based information pertaining to Navy hospital ship mission impact, policy makers are left with anecdotal reports to influence their decision-making processes. This is inadequate considering the frequency of hospital ship deployments used as a foreign policy tool and the considerable funding that is involved in each mission. Future research efforts should study empirically the short- and long-term impacts of hospital ship missions in building regional and civil-military partnerships while meeting the humanitarian and disaster response needs of host nation populations.LicinaD. Hospital ships adrift? Part 1: a systematic literature review characterizing US Navy hospital ship humanitarian and disaster response, 2004-2012. Prehosp Disaster Med.2013;28(3):1–10..
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Spall, Andreas, Marcel Van der Auwera, Jessica Gerstner, Yasmeen M. Taalab, and Robert Wunderlich. "Safety and Security in International Humanitarian Missions – Assessing the Stress Level of Responders in Critical Situations during a Realistic Full-Scale Training." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, no. 6 (October 21, 2019): 575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19005016.
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AbstractIntroduction:Crises, wars, and disasters are remarkably increasing across the world. Responders are frequently tackled with an ever-greater number of challenges, and undoubtedly, they are physically and mentally affected during and after their missions, during which posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is considered high-risk. To the authors’ knowledge, no studies have addressed which type of incident has the greatest influence to trigger stress, and consequently, to cause PTSD for the responders after their missions.Methods:A prospective longitudinal study was conducted with 69 participants of the “Safety and Security” course at the Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Aid of the Federal Ministry of Interior Affairs (Berlin, Germany). The course is certified by the Hostile Environment Awareness Training (HEAT) guidelines of Europe’s New Training Initiative for Civilian Crisis Management (ENTRi; Center for International Peace Operations; Berlin, Germany). Four incidents were evaluated: hostage-taking, carjacking, evacuation, and border-crossing. The participants completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) before and after each incident. For each incident, the delta of the PANAS scores was calculated. The differences between the described incidents, as well as the differences between novice and experienced responders, were evaluated.Results:The hostage-taking incident had the greatest influence on the participants’ temper, followed by carjacking and evacuation. Ultimately, the border-crossing event had the least effect on the responders. Novices were more affected by hostage-taking than experienced responders; however, no significant difference had been demonstrated between novices and experienced responders for the other evaluated incidents.Conclusion:Different incidents have big psychological impacts on humanitarian responders, in which consequences vary from short-term effects to PTSD. Therefore, humanitarian responders should be selected very carefully. They should also have more specific preparation for their missions. Mental after-care should be obligatory. Further studies are needed to understand and avoid reasons for the development of PTSD or other potential problems of responders.
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Shang, Z. H., M. J. Gibb, and R. J. Long. "Effect of snow disasters on livestock farming in some rangeland regions of China and mitigation strategies – a review." Rangeland Journal 34, no. 1 (2012): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj11052.
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Severe snowfall events, termed snow disasters, lead to losses of livestock, preventing sustainable development of livestock systems, in the rangelands of northern China. In order to reduce losses under snow disasters, a review of the factors contributing to these losses was used to indicate the most appropriate strategy. It is proposed that governments and herders should implement a holistic strategy using a multi-disciplinary approach to ensure sustainable development in these rangelands. The possibility of seeing snow disasters as a natural restraint on livestock numbers and allowing losses to take place during these events is not considered as acceptable as part of a holistic strategy. The aim of the strategy is to improve animal nutrition, health and disease control rather than simply mounting rescue missions to save threatened livestock. It is suggested that central and local governments should encourage permanent solutions through a combination of education, the provision of materials for animal housing and the creation of reserve banks sufficient to ensure adequate feeding and survival of livestock through the winter, whether threatened by snow disasters or not. The economic return from the marketing of animal products should be enhanced through a combination of government and herder initiatives to promote a higher turnover rate of livestock and to encourage the sale of high-quality products. Regeneration of degraded grassland by herders should be encouraged by enhancing vegetation cover and forage plant height, thereby reducing the effect of snow cover on forage accessibility. Since current stocking rates on many rangelands are too high, their reduction should be an absolute priority in order to prevent irreversible degradation of rangelands. Only by improving herders’ confidence in their economic survival, through the adoption of such changes, will they be persuaded to reduce grazing livestock numbers, thereby helping to ensure, not only the short-term survival of livestock through snow disasters, but the long-term survival of their rangeland pastures upon which their livelihood depends.
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Шибанов, Кирилл, and Kirill Shibanov. "ANALYSIS OF THE STRATEGY FOR THE FOUNDRY ROLLING COMPLEX OF THE "UNITED METALLURGICAL COMPANY"." Russian Journal of Management 6, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5b06a2de64be08.86680040.
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The article presents the analysis of the strategy one of the leading enterprises of
the "United metallurgical company" – the Foundry Rolling Complex using the typologies
proposed by A. Chandler, M. Porter, Miles and Snow, V. Gerchikov. It is established that the
need of the development strategy of the company was initially linked to the need for the owner
and a hired Manager to agree on what areas should be developed to take into account the
interests of both. The article identified: the long-term goal LPK, short term goals, ongoing
courses and allocation of resources.
From the point of view of competitive strategies A. Chandler, it was found that at present
forestry uses "positive" strategy aimed at active consolidation of its position in the market and to
enter new niches. According to the typology of M. Porter the company is gradually moving to
the use of the differentiation strategy – the possibility of competition due to the uniqueness of a
product with broad market coverage. According to the typology of miles and snow's the
company follows a strategy of analysis, while achieving operational excellence and developing
new products. The predominant component of the LPK, determining one of the six basic
missions proposed by V. Gerchikov, is to focus on the area, which somewhat restricts the ability
of the company to reduce costs and improve efficiency.
Strategy analysis, performed using several typologies, has led to the conclusion that the
company needs to actively develop new products. Is present on the same market of oil and gas
pipes should look for new niches to supply steel builders, automakers, etc. To the base
component orientation on site, you need to add the orientation to the case or result, without
which successful competition will be impossible. The article also noted that to achieve long-term
goals of forestry should stick to any one strategy.
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Patel, Rutulkumar, Scott Welford, and Stanton L. Gerson. "The Effects of Galactic Cosmic Radiation Exposure on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Dysfunction and Oncogenesis." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 5297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.5297.5297.
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Abstract Natural sources of radiation in space include galactic cosmic rays (GCR), solar energetic particles (SPE) and trapped energetic particles in a planetary magnetic field. These different sources of space radiation consist of protons of various energies, particle nuclei of high energy and charge (HZE) and neutrons of different energies. These sources are difficult to shield because of their high energies and dense ionization patterns, thus posing significant health risks to astronauts on long term inter-planetary missions. Efforts to protect astronauts from harmful cosmic radiation require a deeper understanding of the effects of GCR on human health. In particular, very little is known about the effects of GCR exposure on the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population and whether disruptions in genetic stability in HSCs could result in the development of hematopoietic malignancies in astronauts on deep space missions. The average age of shuttle crew has risen above 46 years, and our work and others have shown that HSCs display diminished function with age. Recent data from our group has demonstrated that middle-aged individuals show frequent defects in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) in HSCs. MMR corrects DNA mismatches generated by DNA polymerase during replication which prevents mutations from becoming permanent in dividing cells. Thus, MMR plays a crucial role in the DNA damage response pathway to prevent short-term mutagenesis and long-term tumorigenesis. Several human MMR proteins have been identified as MutS and MutL homologues consisting of MSH2 and MLH1 heterodimers that functions in DNA mismatch/damage recognition, endonuclease activity and termination of mismatch-provoked excision. Our group has shown that humans accumulate microsatellite instability (MSI) with acquired loss of MLH1 protein in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells as a function of age. Therefore, we employed a DNA mismatch repair deficient mouse model (MLH1+/- and MLH1-/-) to study the effects of different radiation sources including 56Fe, 28Si, 4He, 1H and ᵞ-rays on HSCs to examine HSCs of potential astronaut population under GCR conditions. The complete blood count (CBC) data after 5 months and 9 months of whole body irradiation with different ions showed a slight dose-dependent decrease in all blood counts but absence of any significant difference in CBC of MLH1+/+ vs MLH1+/- mice. In addition, CFU and competitive repopulation data demonstrated a radiation quality effects on HSC function, but not an MLH1 effect. These results demonstrate that hematopoietic stem cell function is normal and that a MLH1 defect does not differentiate progenitor and mature effector cells following HZE radiation. To study long term effects of different ions on the potential for disease progression in a MLH1 dependent manner, we performed whole body irradiation with 56Fe, 28Si, 1H and ᵞ-rays on MLH1+/+ and MLH1+/- mice and followed them up to 18 months post exposure. We observed that MLH1+/- mice show dramatic increases in lymphomagenesis 10-12 months after 56Fe irradiation compared to wild type mice, with greater than 60 % of MLH1+/- mice developed lymphomas at doses 10 cGy and 100 cGy compared to less than 10 % of wild type. For comparison, roughly 10 % of MLH1+/- mice developed lymphomas when mice were treated with whole body sparsely ionizing ᵞ-rays at 100 cGy compared to none of the control. Thus the date show that MMR defects in HSCs lead to sensitization to radiation induced hematopoietic malignancy and that radiation quality effects exacerbate the sensitivity. The findings could have profound effects on astronaut screening, as well as lead to important questions regarding safety of ion therapy and development of second malignancies for cancer patients who remain on Earth. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Titangos, Hui-Lan H. "Library services for all ages – building economical, equal, and complete audio collections." Library Management 39, no. 1/2 (January 8, 2018): 116–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lm-05-2017-0048.
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Purpose To provide library service to users of all ages has been one of the primary missions of county libraries since 1908 when the first branch of the first county library system was born in Sacramento as a proud milestone in the history of California public library. It has been a constant challenge to local governments and library staff members alike, especially when there are economic downturns or many priority programs to balance with. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The paper introduces an innovative methodology in collection development to promote the concept that library collections, traditional or digital, can serve users of all ages as long as they can be adaptable to meet the changing needs of users, and compatible with changing information technologies. Findings By examining the process of an audio collection integrated as part of library collections and deeply rooted in users’ lives, the author reports the findings in the following areas: developing a robust audio collection catering to all users at Santa Cruz Public Libraries, despite technological changes and limited budget; getting involved in the whole organization’s programs and projects by collaborations; offering innovative promotion approaches; providing comprehensive subject coverage and always keeping the local community in mind; and evolving constantly to make technologies your friends, not foes. Research limitations/implications The paper analyzes a successful collection development experience in audio collections to strive to realize the original county library’s ideal to serve users of all ages in California. Practical implications The successful collection development experience is useful not only for acquisition librarians, but a much broader audience such as library managers in charge of library material budgets. Social implications The findings point out a number of social implications confronting library professionals worldwide. They include conflicts between users’ real needs vs our assumptions, limited budget vs expanding coverage, and library services vs the nature of technology. Originality/value The paper helps library professionals to develop, maintain, and succeed in their short- and long-term goals in collection development.
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Wåhlin, Vagn. "Folkelige og sociale bevægelser. Nyere forskningsretninger og kvalitative forståelser." Grundtvig-Studier 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 7–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v54i1.16435.
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Folkelige og sociale bevagelser. Nyere forskningsretninger og kvalitative forstaelser[Popular and Social Movements. Recent Research Approaches and Qualitative Interpretations]By Vagn WahlinHowever fascinating Grundtvig himself is as a central figure in 19th century Denmark, we, the citizens of the Third Millennium, have to ask why and how he is also interesting today and how his word, work and influence spread. Part of the answer to that fundamental question lies in the fact that he was the right man at the right place at the right time, with the right tidings to tell some clergymen and many peasant farmers on their dominant, middle size, family farms that they were the core of the nation. But part of the answer is to be found in the fact that his followers managed to elevate him to the influencing position as an inspirer and prophet of a broad popular movement that lasted for generations after his death. This popular, national and Christian movement of the Grundtvigians interacted in the social and political development of more than a hundred years with the other broad popular and ideological movements of Denmark such as the Labour Movement, the more Evangelical movement of the Home Mission, the Temperance movements, the Suffragists and women’s organizations, the associations of the world of sport, the political and youth organizations, etc. They were all active on the local level and soon also on the national level and, from the 1880s and onwards, established more firm organizations and institutions to deal with practical matters such as schools, boy scouts, community houses, soccer stadiums, magazines, newspapers, political associations, trade unions, as well as organized economic and anticapitalistic activities by co-operative dairies, breweries, slaughterhouses, export companies etc. As long as the agrarian sector of society (until around 1960-1970) dominated the national export to pay for the large import of society, that pattern of popular movements, also in the urban industry, influenced most of Danish history and life - and is still most influential in today’s post-modern society.During absolutism (1660-1848), organized social activities and associations were forbidden or strictly controlled. Yet a growing and organized public debate appeared in Copenhagen in late 18th century, followed by literary and semi-political associations amongst the enlightened, urban bourgeoisie. Around 1840 the liberals had organized themselves into urban associations and through newspapers. They were ready to take over the power of the society and the state, but could only do so through an alliance with the peasant farmers in 1846 followed by the German uprising in 1848 by the liberals in Schleswig-Holstein.In Denmark there existed a rather distinct dividing line - economic, cultural, social and in terms of political power - between two dominant sectors of society: Copenhagen, totally dominant in the urban sector, in contrast to the agrarian world, where 80% of the population lived.In the urban as well as in the agrarian sectors of society, the movements mostly appeared to be a local protest against some modernization or innovative introductions felt as a threat to religious or material interests - except for a few cases, where the state wanted an enlightened debate as in the Royal Agrarian Society of 1769. Whether the said local protesters won or lost, their self organization in the matter could lead to a higher degree of civil activity, which again could lead to the spread of their viewpoints and models of early organization. The introduction of civil liberties by the Constitution of 1849 made it more easy and acceptable for the broad masses of society to organize. However, with the spread of organizations and their institutions in the latter part of the 19th century, an ethical and social understanding arose that the power of the organized citizens should be extended from the special or vested interests of the founding group to the benefit of the whole of society and of all classes.So everybody who contributes positively, little or much, to the upholding and development of Danish society should be benefited and embraced by the popular movements. Around 1925 the Labour Movement as the last and largest in number and very influential had finally accepted that ethical point of view and left the older understanding of the suppressed army of toiling and hungry workers. The people, the ‘folk’, and the country of all classes had then been united into ‘Danmark for folket’ (a Denmark o f by and fo r the people).So while a social movement may be an organization of mere protest or vested interests or a short-lived phenomena, a ‘folkelig bevagelse’ (popular movement) became what it was at first - in the understanding of the majority of the Danes, but not in the eyes of the 19th century bourgeois and landowner elite - a positive label. It is still so today, though it is now questioned by many of the more internationally-minded members of the new elite. The word ‘folk’ in the term ‘folkelig bevagelse’ is so highly valued that nearly all political parties of today have included it in their names. For the majority of people, Danish and popular and movements stand for the organized societal activity of those who accept the language, history, culture including religion, landscapes, national symbols, etc. of Denmark and who incorporate all this as a valid part of their self-understanding just as they actively take part in the mutual responsibility for their fellow countrymen. This general attitude is most clearly demonstrated when it is severely breached by some individual or group.With the addition of the Church and the Christian dimension, we have what is the essence of Grundtvig’s heritage. Without this source of inspiration, the popular movements up to a generation ago would have been different and perhaps of less importance, and without the popular movements, Grundtvig’s influence would have been less important in Denmark of the last hundred years. We may best understand this as a process of mutual dependency and of a mutual societal interaction.
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Gagey, Henri-Jérôme. "A IGREJA DIANTE DA CRISE ANTROPOLÓGICA CONTEMPORÂNEA: O QUE FAZER?" Perspectiva Teológica 46, no. 129 (October 1, 2014): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.20911/21768757v46n129p307/2014.
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A Igreja católica e as grandes Igrejas históricas perderam sua plausibilidade nas terras da antiga cristandade: “exculturação do catolicismo”. A Igreja enfrenta a mesma crise que o conjunto de nossas sociedades pelo fato de estarmos passando por uma mudança de mundo. A modernidade conseguiu uma vitória definitiva sobre a tradição, despojando-a de sua autoridade indiscutível. Na Idade Média, a leitura de Aristóteles leva os intelectuais daquele tempo (S. Tomás) a descobrir as possibilidades da razão autônoma para abrir os caminhos ao conhecimento. Descartes enuncia o princípio da “dúvida metódica”. Kant denuncia que a maior parte da humanidade renuncia a servir-se de sua autonomia no compreender. Nas Guerras de Religião se desfaz a unidade da Europa Ocidental que o cristianismo havia garantido! Muitos concluíram a necessidade de um princípio superior, e esse princípio é a racionalidade. Era o início da descristianização. Da dúvida metódica de Descartes à audácia de pensar por si mesmo de Kant chega-se a uma cultura em que “tudo é discutível”. Mutação fabulosa das condições materiais, das possibilidades de acesso à cultura e ao exercício concreto da liberdade. Revolução cultural, provocando a generalização do individualismo, a massa solitária. Hoje não é mais possível apoiar-nos sobre algumas evidências estáveis: emancipação diante da autoridade das tradições ancestrais, desenvolvimento do espírito crítico, influência das tradições religiosas que se multiplicam e perdem sua autoridade junto às populações. O engajamento na existência já não se pode fazer na base de simples docilidade, mas exige engajamento decidido: é preciso crer para viver, tomar uma decisão. Evangelizar é oferecer uma resposta convincente à pergunta de “como viver?”. Trata-se de encontrar novos modos de ser Igreja, “novas artes de viver” como Igreja, que correspondam à cultura contemporânea. Neste contexto, a primeira missão é reconhecer e despertar a simples fé humana que nos permite engajar-nos na vida. Deve ser reinventada a própria maneira de sermos humanos, trabalhar a “simples fé humana” que é necessária para viver. Vincent Miller propõe práticas sociais alternativas, que implicam outra relação com as coisas. Segundo Rodney Stark não basta moralizar, devem ser inventadas e operacionalizadas novas práticas. Como resistir ao “consumir mais”, a não ser aprendendo a “consumir bem”? A invenção de novas práticas sociais é a via longa, mas via curta não há!ABSTRACT: The Catholic Church and the great historical churches lost their plausibility in the lands of ancient Christianity: “exculturation of Catholicism”. The Church faces the same crisis that most of our societies face by the fact that we are going through a world change. Modernity has managed a definitive victory over the tradition, stripping her of her undisputed authority. In the Middle Ages, reading Aristotle leads the intellectuals of that time (S. Thomas) to discover the possibilities of autonomous reason to open the paths to knowledge. Descartes sets out the principle of “methodical doubt.” Kant denounces that most of humanity renounces the use of their autonomy in understanding. In the Wars of Religion the unity of Western Europe that Christianity had guaranteed falls apart! Many found the need for a higher principle, and that principle is rationality. It was the beginning of de-Christianization. From the methodical doubt of Descartes to the audacity to think for yourself of Kant there comes a culture where “everything is debatable”. Fabulous mutation of the material conditions, the possibilities of access to culture and to the practical exercise of freedom. Cultural revolution, causing the generalization of individualism, the solitary mass. Today it is no longer possible to rely on some stable evidences: emancipation before the authority of ancient traditions, development of critical spirit, influence of the religious traditions that are mushrooming and lose their authority with the people. The engagement in existence can no longer be done based on simple docility, but requires decided engagement: we must believe in order to live, to make a decision. To evangelize is to provide a convincing answer to the question of “how to live?”. It’s about finding new ways of being Church, “new arts of living” as a church, which correspond to contemporary culture. In this context, the first mission is to recognize and awaken the simple faith that allows us to engage us in life. It must be reinvented the very way of being human, working the “simple human faith” which is necessary for living. Vincent Miller proposes alternative social practices, which involve another relationship with things. According to Rodney Stark it is not enough to simply moralize, there must be invented and implemented new practices. How to resist the “consume more” except learning how to “consume well”? The invention of new social practices is the long way, but there is no short way!
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Amankwah, Eric, and Zhou Guo-Hua. "Headmasters’ Leadership Styles and their Significant Impact on the General Performance in Schools: Using the Basic Schools in Adansi-South District in Ghana as a Study." International Journal of Education 12, no. 3 (September 26, 2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ije.v12i3.17093.
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The main concepts and definitions of leadership and its styles differ in many ways. Thus; from one individual or position to the other. The word "leadership" is used in different circles of human endeavours, for example, in the political, business, academics, social and institutional spheres. In the early on, leadership was seen as a personal trait. The degree to which the individual exhibits leadership traits depends not only on his characteristics and personal abilities but also on the characteristics of the situation and environment in which he finds himself (Messick & Kramer, 2004). This study was conducted on the motivation that no country develops and succeeds better than the quality of the leaders who manage the educational system. This means that for a country to be successful, it depends largely on the quality of leadership that the school managers offer in the schools they manage in the development of skills and potential of the students for the country. The study employed a qualitative research method in the work. The data was collected from Adansi-South District in Ashanti Region in Ghana. Random purposive sampling procedures were adopted with a sample size of forty (40) respondents including heads of schools, teachers, and students. Data were collected through interviews, documentary reviews, and observations. They were analyzed through the use of content analysis technique and other renowned data software such as Excel, and SPSS 22 in the data computations. The findings and policy suggestions at the end of the research concluded that the autocratic leadership is useful if something has to be achieved in the short term and democratic leadership style is usually the most preferable in most situations. Participation leadership style is the most useful because it has a long term effect on employees in a more positive way. School heads who normally applied unreasonable laissez-faire and autocratic leadership styles failed in their schools’ goals, visions and missions implementations due to lack support and cooperation.
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Salvatori, Elisabetta, Chiara Gentile, Antonella Altieri, Fabio Aramini, and Fausto Manes. "Nature-Based Solution for Reducing CO2 Levels in Museum Environments: A Phytoremediation Study for the Leonardo da Vinci’s “Last Supper”." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2020): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020565.
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This work investigates the possibility of implementing a nature-based solution (NBS) based on the photosynthetic process of Laurus nobilis L. (common laurel), for reducing peak CO2 concentrations in an air-tight museum environment, namely the Refectory of the Santa Maria delle Grazie Church (Milan, Italy), home of Leonardo da Vinci’s painting “Last Supper”. The phytoremediation potential of laurel plants was evaluated at CO2 ≅ 1000 ppm under controlled environmental conditions. Furthermore, light-saturated net assimilation (Pnmax) was measured at two CO2 concentrations (380 and 1000 ppm) during the growing season. Steady-state gas exchanges were not affected by elevated CO2 in the short-term, while Pnmax was significantly increased, also showing higher values in spring and autumn, and a reduction during summer. Our estimated CO2 removal rates indicate that, in order to control visitors’ respiratory CO2 emissions in view of an increase in visitor numbers in the Refectory, a possible NBS in the form of an external greenhouse, connected to the HVAC system of the museum, should allocate from 58 to 112 young laurel plants, depending on their seasonal phytoremediation capacity. These results, although preliminary, allow to hypothesize the possibility of controlling CO2 indoors through a combination of traditional air-cleaning systems and a properly designed NBS, thus increasing the sustainability of air-tight museum environments.
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Hadjichambis, Andreas, and Pedro Reis. "New thinking in environmental citizenship." Impact 2019, no. 9 (December 20, 2019): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2019.9.24.
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European Network for Environmental Citizenship (ENEC) aims to improve understanding and assessment of environmental citizenship in European societies and participating countries. Environmental Citizenship is a key factor in EU's growth strategy (Europe 2020) and its vision for Sustainable Development, Green and Cycle economy and Low-carbon society (EU-roadmap 2050). The Integrated Network of the ENEC Cost Action will diminish the barriers between human, economic, social, political and environmental sciences multiplying the knowledge, expertise, research and insights of different stakeholders (researchers, scholars, teachers, practitioners, policy officials, NGOs, etc.) related in Environmental Citizenship and focusing on education. ENEC is trying to establish a new theory and a framework of the Education for Environmental Citizenship (EEC), for primary and secondary, formal and non-formal education. The different macro- and micro- level dimensions of formal and non-formal education that could lead to Environmental Citizenship will be focused. By developing National, European and International collaborations ENEC will enhance the scientific knowledge and attention to Environmental Citizenship. Expected deliverables include: a) the creation of a web-site, b) a repository database of scientific measures and evidence based interventions that target Environmental Citizenship, c) the facilitation of scientific training schools, short term scientific missions, conferences and d) the dissemination of collaborative working papers, scientific reports, proceedings, academic publications, policy and recommendation papers and an edited book on Environmental Citizenship. The Action will conceptualize and frame the Environmental Citizenship and will develop new research paradigms and metrics for assessing the Environmental Citizenship. Good examples and best educational practices leading to pro-environmental attitudes, behaviour and values will be highlighted and promoted. Policy measures and recommendations will be proposed. The Action will serve as a vehicle to defragment the knowledge and expertise in Environmental Citizenship.
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Šuplinska, Ilga. "CORRESPONDENCE OF THE PUBLISHING HOUSE OF LATGALE CULTURE CENTRE IN THE 90TIES OF 20TH CENTURY: DISCOURSE OF LANGUAGE." Via Latgalica, no. 8 (March 2, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2016.8.2231.
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Considering that at the moment we are working on a broader study about the Latgalian literary trends in modern times (since the 90s of the 20th century), policy determination of the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre is an important stage in Latgalian publishing. Originally the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre brings together the brightest Latgalian writers, researchers and is the only centre of books published in Latgalian, but at the turn of the century due to various factors the situation changes. In this article correspondence of the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre (1990–1997) is used as a source of research from copies of letters which are kept at the research centre of Baltic philology at Rēzekne Academy of Technologies (21 sets of letters with a 191 letters); an interview with the Head of the publishing house Jānis Elksnis and separate articles in periodicals on the activity of the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre are sources of this research. The aim of this article is with the help of the mentioned correspondence and available documents to reveal the book publishing policy of the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre, its role in Latgalian book publishing, as well as to focus attention on the understanding of the functionality of Latgalian language development in this correspondence and operating policies. Theoretical basis includes ideas of critical discourse analysis represented by Norman Fairclough (1995) and socio-cognitive approach represented by Teun van Dijk (2006), highlighting the role of discursive practices in creating stereotypes and influence of social identity on the creation of specific ideology.Existence of the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre all this time, of course, is the merit of the dedication and enthusiasm of the head of the publishing house J. Elksnis. In literary critical terminology, we can say that all the time the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre is in a border situation: during the 90s of the 20th century there were a relatively large number of Latgalian writers and scientists, but the publishing, book distribution, marketing skills of the publishing house employees were negligible.This situation was more favourable for Latgalian literature and activity of the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre in general during the first decade (1999–2008) of the 21st century: the total number of books published: 241; books published in Latgalian: 81; 5 of them published repeatedly. Throughout the period of existence of this publishing house (according to the available data) 562 books were published, 135 of them in Latgalian or bilingual editions (18 books published repeatedly).Analysis of the correspondence gives a possibility to understand why many problems connected to the Latgalian culture and language are being dealt with so slowly or continue to be unimportant and unknown to wider public.First, assessing the initial stage of activity of the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre, it comes obvious that efforts of the non-governmental organizations, dedication and enthusiasm of individual personalities can explain or activate some process, but the solution of the problem or maintenance of a process in long term needs a broader institutional support and focused planning of publishing. On the one hand, the formally defined status of Latgalian “as a historical option of the Latvian language” does not create obstacles for the usage of Latgalian in further and optional education, publishing of books and periodicals and its usage in local municipalities. On the other hand, such status is like a throwback which is remembered about only during pre-election and in discourse on separatism and as a threat to the development of the Latvian literary language and as a tool for entertainment industry to create comical effect or contribute to the development of pop music in another region.Second, the internal disagreement, which emerged in the correspondence between freelancers and volunteers during the 90s, was mainly attributable to the language reform and divided the intellectuals who wrote and read in Latgalian, as a result of which most of elder generation authors protected catholic standards and stood up for the preservation of P. Strods’ writing and V. Locis’ traditions, as well as it was supported by the catholic church in their choice of language to print religious texts, and it was also adopted by the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre. Hence the main mission of the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre – to cultivate Latgalian language and develop literature – was functioning only in one direction (especially after the adoption of spelling rules in 2008) – maintenance of literary almanac “Olūts” and edition “Tāvu zemes calendars” and creating the background literature, which in fact promoted the so-called third dialect and prevented the young and middle generation from involvement in the development Latgalian cultural environment.
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Войтеховская, Марина Петровна, Светлана Анатольевна Кочурина, and Наталия Игоревна Сухачёва. "THE QUESTION OF INTRODUCTION OF UNIVERSAL EDUCATION IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE STATE DUMA OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE." Pedagogical Review, no. 6(34) (December 14, 2020): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6127-2020-6-199-213.
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Вопросы введения всеобщего начального обучения в деятельности Государственной думы Российской империи долгое время не были в поле зрения исследователей, интересКочурина к теме возрос в связи с восстановлением парламентских традиций и глубоким реформированием системы образования. На основе исторических источников показано, что в начале XX в. данный вопрос был, пожалуй, единственным, не вызывавшим разногласий между политическими партиями. Но он так и не был решен из-за длившихся на протяжении шести лет дискуссий между фракциями в Государственной думе, Думой и Государственным советом, парламентом и правительством по сопутствующим проблемам – об обязательности или предоставлении права получения начального образования, о размерах финансирования и характере управления министерскими и церковными школами, о языке преподавания в начальной школе в местностях с нерусским населением, о роли органов местного самоуправления в развитии школьного дела и др. Первая Государственная дума в силу кратковременного существования не сумела приступить к рассмотрению законопроекта о введении всеобщего начального обучения, Государственная дума II созыва – приступила, но ее досрочный роспуск не позволил принять сколько-нибудь существенных решений по вопросу. Третья Государственная дума оказалась единственной в дореволюционной истории России, выдержавшей полный срок полномочий. Результаты ее деятельности в области просвещения закрепили за ней название «Дума народного образования». Было рассмотрено более 300 законодательных инициатив в области науки и образования, в том числе 15 законопроектов по начальному образованию, дополнительные ассигнования на начальную школу выросли почти на 40 млн руб. в год. Но принятый Думой законопроект о введении всеобщего начального обучения не прошел в Государственном совете. Депутаты четвертого созыва вновь дискутировали по содержанию проекта, разработанного Третьей Думой. Главной причиной конфликтов был вопрос о церковно-приходских школах. В последний раз в истории Думы законопроект был внесен министром народного просвещения П. Н. Игнатьевым 28 августа 1916 г., но решение по нему так и не было принято. Вместе с тем за годы работы Государственных дум на развитие начального образования, подготовку педагогов, заработную плату учителей и строительство новых школ были выделены невиданные до того времени средства, а статьи государственных расходов на школьное дело увеличились почти вдвое. The introduction of universal primary education in the activities of the State Duma of the Russian Empire was for a long time not under the attention of the researchers, and interest in the topic increased due to the restoration of parliamentary traditions and deep reform of the education system. Historical sources show that at the beginning of the XX century, this issue was probably the only one that did not cause disagreements between political parties. But it was never resolved because of the six years of discussions between the factions in the State Duma, the Duma and the Council of State, the Parliament and the Government on related issues – the mandatory or granting of the right to receive primary education, the amount of funding and the nature of the management of Ministerial and Church schools, the language of teaching in primary schools in areas with non-Russian populations, about the role of local governments in the development of school Affairs, and others. The First State Duma, owing to its short existence, was unable to consider the draft law on the introduction of universal primary education, the Second Duma began its work, but its early dissolution did not allow any significant decisions to be taken on the issue. The Third State Duma was the only one in the pre-revolutionary history of Russia that lasted a full term of office, and the results of its activities in the field of education gave it the name “Duma of national education”. More than 300 legislative initiatives in the field of science and education were considered, including 15 draft laws on primary education, and additional allocations for primary schools increased by almost 40 million rubles a year. But the bill passed by the Duma on the introduction of universal primary education did not pass in the State Council. The Deputies of the fourth convocation again discussed the content of the draft developed by the Third Duma. The main cause of the conflicts was the issue of parochial schools. The last time in the history of the Duma a bill was introduced by the Minister of Public Education, P. N. Ignatiev, on 28 August 1916, but the decision on it was never made. However, during the years of operation of the State Duma, unprecedented resources have been allocated for the development of primary education, the training of teachers, the salaries of teachers and the construction of new schools, and public spending on schools almost doubled.
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Solyanyk, M. "TheThirdString Quartet by B. Britten as a phenomenof the late composer style." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 55, no. 55 (November 20, 2019): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-55.04.
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The paper is devoted to theproblematics of the late style in composer creativity. The typologies of the late style described in the musical science works of recent years (including the thesesby E. Nazaikinsky and N. Savitskaya) are systematized. The characteristic of B. Britten’s chamberheritage is given in the context of the achievements of the English composer’s school of аnew musical renaissance of the twentieth century. The purpose of the research is to reveal the specificity of the last opus phenomenon. Achieving the goal of the research involves using the following methods: genre approach, historical approach and stylistic approach. The specificity of the last opus phenomenon is revealed by the example of the Third String Quartet by B. Britten, which is recognized as the composer’s last opus. The late style of the composer is characterized in terms of orchestration, techniques, genre preferences and stylistic unity. Exposition of the main material of the study includes compositional and stylistic analysis of the Third String Quartet by B. Britten. In the paperheritage of B. Britten is considered as an example of a creative composer process which has an explicit division into several periods. The name of B. Britten is associated with the highest achievements of the English composer school of a new renaissance in the twentieth century. The researchers distinguish three periodsof B. Britten’s creativity. The first period is characterized by the interest in chamber music and various chamber compositions, the variation as a principle of development as well as the genre certainty. The individual style of the composer is formed in vocal musicearlier and more intensively. The second period is characterized by expressive orchestral writing, figurative concreteness and clarity of structures. The late period of B. Britten’s creativity is characterized by the desire to find the most flexible form of the modern performance. The stylistic synthesis reveals a reliance on ancient types and forms of playing music: Gregorian chant, heterophony, anemitonicpenta-tonic system and church modes. Most of his works are marked by the asceticism of expressive means. The scores are written in a stingy, honed manner, the composer uses instrumental compositions with vivid coloristic capabilities, but implements them with a subtle sense of proportion. The paper deals with the specifics of the B. Britten’s late style. According to the concept of N. Savitskaya the late style is the final evolutionary stage which includes stylistic elements of the early and mature stages of the composer’s creative formation in an in-depth and concentrated form. The researcher identifies the following types of late style: prognostic, consolidating and reduced. B. Britten’s late style can be classified as consolidating one. The paper isconcerned with the phenomenon of the last opus. B. Britten created three string quartets. The appearance of the first two was connected with the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the death of H. Purcell. The Third Quartet was written thirty years later, in 1975, in Venice, and was first performed after the death of B. Britten in 1976. This work was the last instrumental composition the authorcompleted. The structure of the Third Quartetdeparts from the traditional form. It consists of five relatively short movements which form a kind of symmetrical arch. B. Britten originally used the term divertimento as a working description of the quartet. Each movement of the cycle has its own subtitle: Duets, Ostinato, Solo, Burlesque, Recitative and Passacalia (La Serenissima). All movements are written in three-part form (ABA). The slow lyrical movements of the quartet form a kind of arches inside the composition. The first movement, Duets, is in a sense the most abstract of all five parts. The beginning resembles a “double spiral” (two voices are closely intertwined and are an exact copy of each other). In the second movement, Ostinato, the idea of an ostinato, where a musical pattern is repeated over and over in the background, takes on a somewhat intrusive form. In the third movement, Solo, the lone violin line, moving through wide intervals, is accompanied mostly by only one other voice at a time. In the fourth movement, Burlesque, the world of parody entertainment, clowning, buffoonery is presented. The fifth movement is entitled La Serenissima, a reference to Venice. In this movement B. Britten quoted his own last opera, Death in Venice. The results of the research support the idea that B. Britten’s late style refers to consolidated type of late style. This conclusion is reached based ona specific analysis of the Third String Quartet by B. Britten. The Third Quartet accumulates as features of B. Britten’s late style as the asceticism of expressive means in writing, reliance on the frets of folk music and the rigor of writing. B. Britten’s enthusiasm for the traditions of folk music resulted in a desire for the texture of all the voices in his instrumental scores. The composer’s chamber music is characterized by detailed instrumentation. Despite all the possibilities of using modernist techniques in the creative process B. Britten can be traced to an academic style. It is worth noting the amazing unity of B. Britten’s style throughout his life. Individual composer style is constantly being refined, remaining homogeneous at the same time (there are not style shifts and differences). In addition, B. Britten had always been aimed at performers and often wrote instrumental works on order. Although B. Britten’s heritage is widely represented in Ukrainian and foreign musical science, the specifics of the composer’s late style is still a field for study and comprehension. The paper opens up prospects for the study of the last opus in the late period of the work of composers.
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Valdivia, Lourdes. "Frege: Una estipulación viable." Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 17, no. 49 (December 7, 1985): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.1985.560.
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These two objects [The True and the False] are recognized, if only implicitly, by everybody who judges something to be true —and so even by a sceptic. (Frege, G., “On Sense and Reference”, Trans. Geach & Black, p. 63.)
One of the most striking Fregean theses is the claim that declarative sentences (if true or false) are proper names of truth-values (I call this thesis (TP) for short). I here analyse Frege’s reasons for (TP) following Simpson’s reconstruction. Simpson has shown that Frege’s argument (if he has one) in favour of (TP) is not conclusive. But if (TP) cannot be established then other important Fregean claims, general semantic theses, fail as well. Thus, the aim of my paper is to introduce the aforementioned (TP) via a stipulation. The stipulation is not a merely ad hoc solution but is based on three main considerations: (i) Frege’s conjecture as it stands is either in-conclusive or lacks supporting argument. (ii) There is a well established practice in Mathematics that allows stipulations whenever they are needed in the theory. And finally, (iii) Frege’s notion of naming (namingF) is a theoretical concept which admits of an explication in Carnap’s sense. According to Frege the main function of language is that of naming. Thus semantically significant parts of language are names. Language is partitioned into types: names are either complete or incomplete. Incomplete names are function names which include function expressions (in a Mathematical sense), predicates, connectives and quantifiers. Complete names are called proper names and include: (1) grammatically ordinary proper names (genuine names in Frege’s terminology); (2) what we would nowadays call definite descriptions; (3) mathematical terms which describe or name numbers, like ‘2’, ‘2+5’; and (4) declarative sentences. The Proper names (1), (2) and (3) satisfy the two following semantic principles reconstructed by Church from Frege’s article “On Sense and Reference”:
(I) When a constituent name of a compound name lacks denotation the compound name does not denote either.
(II) When a constituent name of a compound name is replaced by another name having the same denotation, the denotation of the compound name does not change. (But sense may change.)
According to II, the compound name ‘The wife of Ulises’ lacks denotation since ‘Ulises’ does not denote. According to III, the denotation of the compound name ‘The capital of England’ does not change when substituting name ‘Churchill’s country’ for ‘England’. Simpson argues that Frege introduces (TP) by showing that declarative sentences and their truth-values satisfy principles II and III. Simpson reformulates these principles for declarative sentences replacing ‘compound name’ by ‘sentences’ and ‘denotation’ by ‘truth-value’ in the relevant places as follows:
(II’) When a constituent name of a sentence lacks denotation the sentence has no truth- value.
(III’) When a constituent name of a sentence is replaced by another name having the same denotation, the truth-value of the sentence (if there is such a truth-value) does not change.
According to II’ the sentence ‘Odysseus was set ashore at Ithaca while sound asleep’ lacks truth-value since ‘Odysseus’ does not denote. The sentence ‘The morning star is far from earth’ does not change its truth-value when ‘evening star’ replaces ‘morning star’ in accordance with principle III’. Simpson holds that for Frege (TP) follows from the premise that declarative sentences and their truth-values satisfy principles II’ and III’. However my reading of Frege’s texts does not agree with Simpson’s interpretation on this point. Frege considers the above mentioned principles only as necessary conditions for proper names. Hence I cannot see any argument here but and experimental development of (TP). Setting aside this point, the importance of Simpson’s reconstruction remains since it allows us to analyse Frege’s reason for (TP). Simpson finds Frege’s claim to be twofold: (a) declarative sentences are proper names and (b) their truth-values are their denotation; and he further argues that to conclude (TP) even were we to assume (a) we should also need to establish the truth of (b). In order to establish (b) Simpson argues that Frege must prove: (b’) that the naming relation holding between sentences and their truth-values satisfies principles II’ and III’, and (b’’) that there are no other entities satisfying principles II’ and III’ holding the naming relation to sentences. Simpson rejects (b’’) arguing two issues. First, that there are other kinds of entities satisfying principles II’ and III’, and which hold the naming relation to sentences; and second, that there is an infinity of such entities. His argument is as follows. Let us suppose that sentence A is a compound proper name. Let us also suppose that the denotation of A is the equivalence class of A mod. truth-value, i.e., the class of all the sentences which have the same truth-values as A. If the equivalence class of A mod. truth-value is the denotation of A, principles II’ and III’ are satisfied. Principle III’ is satisfied by sentence A and its supposed denotation since if the denotation of A is the equivalence class of all the sentences that have the same truth-value that A has, then if we replace a constituent name of A by other name having the same denotation the truth-value of A will not change nor will its equivalence class. Principle II’ is satisfied by A and its equivalence class given that in order to construct the denotation of A it is a necessary and sufficient condition that A have a truth-value. If a constituent name of the compound name A lacks denotation then A lacks denotation in the just described sense since we cannot construct the equivalence class of A mod. truth-value. Thus following Frege’s strategy Simpson concludes that the equivalence class mod. truth-value of a given sentence is the denotation of such a sentence. From this starting point he also argues that the number of possible denotata is infinite because principles II’ and III’ are also satisfied by the unitary class whose unique element is the equivalence class of A mod. truth-value, and in general they are satisfied by every member of the infinite series: {CA}…{{CA}}…{{{CA}}}… where “CA” stands for equivalence class of A mod. truth-value. Simpson’s reconstruction shows: (a) that Frege’s argument is not conclusive and (b) that there is an ad hoc flavour in Frege’s strategy. But if there is such and ad hoc flavour, and if (TP) is necessary for the theory, why do we not just stipulate (TP)? An affirmative answer is based on three main reasons: (i) Frege’s “argument” is not conclusive. (ii) In Mathematics there are cases where a stipulation is needed to validate a law. For instance using the intuitive notion of exponentiation the algebraic law: am = am-n an fails for a0 when m=n. Thus it is necessary to stipulate that a0=1 to validate the aforementioned law. This is not alien to Frege’s aim since he introduces “the special stipulation that divergent infinite series shall stand for number 0” (Cfr. “On Sense and Reference”, Trans. Geach & Black, p. 70). (iii) Frege’s notion of naming (namingF) is a theoretical concept that fulfills the following requirements for an explication in Carnap’s sense:
(1) NamingF is similar to our intuitive notion of naming (namingI) in such a way that in most cases in which namingI has so far been used, namingF can be used; however, close similarity is not required and considerable differences are permitted.
(2) The characterization of namingF is given in the form of a definition so as to introduce namingF into a well-connected system of theoretical concepts, as follows: a namesF x= df. x is an object and: if a is a genuine name x is the denotation of a, if a is a definite description x is the unique entity which satisfies the predicates occurring in a, if a is a declarative sentence x is the truth-value of sentence a.
(3) NamingF is a concept useful for the formulation of many universal statements, among others following: every predicate is a function name, every concept is a function whose value is always a truth-value, every equivalence statement is an identity statement. (4) NamingF is a simple as is possible, that means, as simple as the more important requirements (1), (2) and (3) permit.
(4) NamingF is a simple as is possible, that means, as simple as the more important requirements (1), (2) and (3) permit. Frege’s (TP) is used to subsume predicates to function names and their referents (concepts) to functions, as follows. According to Frege a first level monadic function name is an expression which contains a gap and its denotation is a function. Traditionally predicates have been regarded as monadic expressions containing a gap, and concepts are the denotations of predicates. When a function name is saturated by a proper name the resulting expression is a compound proper name. When a predicate is saturated by a singular term the result is a declarative sentence. If (TP) is the case then predicates and first level function names behave the same way. Thus since function names denote functions, predicates also denote functions. The subsumption of predicates to function names has two profitable consequences: there is an ontological reduction when concepts are considered as functions, and the traditional notion of a function is extended in two ways, by admitting a new kind of expression (predicates) as function expressions and by admitting a new kind of thing (truth-values) as arguments. Frege also uses (TP) to treat every equivalence statement as an identity statement, as follows. Statements of the form ‘P≡Q’ are true when P and Q have the same truth-value. If P and Q have the same truth-value and (TP) is the case, then P and Q have the same denotation. Then any assertion that results from replacing ‘=’ by ‘≡’ will also be true since ‘P≡Q’ is true if and only if P and Q have the same denotation. And finally, on the base of the definition of namingF, principles II’ and III’ result in general semantic laws. To conclude: the stipulation of (TP) has the advantage of avoiding the dubious Fregean conjecture. It is dubious in several ways: (i) our pre-theoretical conception of naming does not agree with the idea that sentences perform that role; (ii) even assuming that sentences could do that job, it is not clear what the reasons are for considering just truth-values to be their denotation instead of facts or other more intuitive candidates; (iii) even taking sentences as names and truth-values as their denotation, Frege’s reasons for (TP) seem to be inconclusive. Only if we consider theoretical needs and the naming notion as a theoretical one, can we dispel our intuitive rejection of (TP). [L.V.]
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Van Aarde, Timothy A. "The use of οἰκονομία for missions in Ephesians." Verbum et Ecclesia 37, no. 1 (March 31, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v37i1.1489.
Full textAbstract:
The concern which prompted the letter and the author�s digression in Ephesians 3:2�12 represents a lacuna in Ephesians scholarship. Its function within the wider discourse remains uncertain. The term οἰκονομία is prominent in the discourse and has been interpreted as an administrative office or activity in the Pauline corpus. This article shows that the term has a missional nuance in Ephesians. It is used for the role of Christ in the execution of the plan of God (Eph 1:10) and the role of Paul in the implementation of the plan (Eph 3:2). The author of Ephesians acknowledges the role Paul played in the mission�s movement of the gospel itself, �I Paul the prisoner of Jesus Christ� (Eph 3:1, 7). He is identified as the person to whom �the stewardship of the grace of God has been given� (Eph 3:2). The οἰκονομία of the gospel is committed by Paul to the church, marking a new phase in the development of the mission of the church.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article suggests that in Ephesians 3:10, which is a crux interpretum, that the missional nuance of the term οἰκονομία indicates in Ephesians 3:10 the role of the Church in the execution of the plan of God and the missio Dei is implied.Keywords: oikonomia; missions; Ephesians
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Ellis, Danielle I., Don K. Nakayama, and Tamara N. Fitzgerald. "Missions, Humanitarianism, and the Evolution of Modern Global Surgery." American Surgeon, December 19, 2020, 000313482097918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003134820979181.
Full textAbstract:
Modern global surgery, which aims to provide improved and equitable surgical care worldwide, is a product of centuries of international care initiatives, some borne out of religious traditions, dating back to the first millennium. The first hospitals ( xenodochia) were established in the 4th and 5th centuries CE by the early Christian church. Early “missions,” a term introduced by Jesuit Christians in the 16th century to refer to the institutionalized expansion of faith, included medical care. Formalized Muslim humanitarian medical care was marked by organizations like the Aga Khan Foundation and the Islamic Association of North America in the 20th century. Secular medical humanitarian programs developed in the 19th century, notably with the creation of the International Committee of the Red Cross (1863) and the League of Nations Health Organization (1920) (which later became the World Health Organization [1946]). World War II catalyzed another proliferation of nongovernmental organizations, epitomized by the quintessential humanitarian health provider, Médecins Sans Frontières (1971). “Global health” as an academic endeavor encompassing education, service, and research began as an outgrowth of departments of tropical medicine and international health. The American College of Surgeons brought a surgical focus to global health beginning in the 1980s. Providing medical care in distant countries has a long tradition that parallels broad themes in history: faith, imperialism, humanitarianism, education, and service. Surgery as a focus of academic global health is a recent development that continues to gain traction.
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Andrews, Scott. "The use of the term ‘DNA’ as a missiological metaphor in contemporary Church narratives." HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 72, no. 2 (June 2, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v72i2.3451.
Full textAbstract:
Missiologists propose that the Church and mission are inseparable as the Church has its very being because there is mission, and it is the Missio Dei which constitutes the Church. In recent history the Anglican Church has interpreted this as the essential ‘DNA’ of the local church which is to be a missional community. The church’s mission therefore is presented as the gift of participating through the Holy Spirit in the Son’s mission from the Father to the world. In other words, it is proposed that the Church is both the fruit of God’s mission and the agent of His mission. But, in order to communicate this relationship between Church and mission in a postmodern context, the use of new metaphors and new terminologies, which are derived from our contemporary context, is shaping new ways of thinking. An exploration of the development of missional churches considers the significance of developing and embedding what has become referred to as missional DNA or mDNA at every level of the organisation of the Church. This mDNA is the outward model of missional behaviour that compels the whole church to reach a lost world. It can be seen from evidence-based, case study research amongst large churches in the UK that there is consistency in the adoption and use of the term DNA by its leadership in reference to the local church’s values and its attitude towards mission. This article explores the hypothesis that the term DNA is commonly accepted amongst local churches as a contributor to a contemporary language that forms the narrative of the Church and explores its feasibility and shortcomings as an adopted missiological metaphor.
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"Short-Term Missions Contribute to Dentists’ Development." Dental Abstracts 66, no. 4 (July 2021): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.denabs.2021.05.006.
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Van Niekerk, Attie. "The Missional congregation in the South African context." HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 70, no. 1 (February 20, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v70i1.2648.
Full textAbstract:
The term missional has come into use over the last years in the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa and the Department of Science of Religion and Missiology of the Faculty of Theology at the University of Pretoria. This term refers to the role of the local congregation in the local community or communities and is used with, or in the place of, the term missionary, which traditionally referred to the sending out of a missionary to some or other place. The use of the term missional includes specific views on the goal of mission, what mission is and how it should be done. In this article it is argued that this approach can be seen as a new wave of mission within the South African context, and that it is related to developments in many parts of the global church.
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Twibell, Simone Mulieri. "Reversing the flow of short-term missions within a partnership model: Perceptual outcomes." Missiology: An International Review, November 11, 2020, 009182962097237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091829620972379.
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Short-term missions provide opportunities for the formation of cross-cultural relationships and joint evangelistic endeavors. Scholars have challenged the typical unidirectional nature of short-term mission and partnership efforts, advocating for a more bidirectional flow of resources. This article analyzes the dynamics of reverse short-term missions with the goal of understanding their contributions from the perspective of the American hosts. The author suggests that reverse short-term missions bridge social capital across social networks and function as “networks of invigoration” by bringing information benefits to their hosts. These types of exchanges have the potential to help the American church reinterpret familiar experiences and see the mission of the church in a new way. Five perceptual outcomes are identified: alteration of perspectives; service opportunities for the hosts; renewal of spiritual commitments; first-hand exposure to a different culture; and contact with faith-mission models.
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Nagel, Caroline. "Christian Short-Term Missions: Creating Global Citizens?" Geopolitics, October 16, 2018, 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2018.1529666.
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Dineen, Mira. "An Analysis of Queen’s University Students’ Participation in Student-Run Development Projects." Inquiry@Queen's Undergraduate Research Conference Proceedings, February 20, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/iqurcp.9327.
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Young Canadians have access to a wealth of opportunities to participate in short-term development projects within developing regions in Canada and around the world. These projects include voluntourism, ecotourism, academic exchanges at educational institutions abroad, research projects, religious missions, internships, and short-term development initiatives organized by student-run campus organizations. Although there are numerous studies that examine gap year projects or short-term development projects, there are currently no studies of young Canadian university students’ involvement in short-term development projects through student-run organizations. This study seeks to explore young Canadian adults’ motivations to participate in short-term development projects, how participants in short-term development projects imagine themselves as agents of development, and what short-term development projects are teaching participants. Individual interviews were conducted with young Canadian adults between 18 and 24 years old who participated in a short-term development project between 2008 and 2011. Participants were recruited from two student-run development organizations at Queen’s and all projects lasted between six weeks and three months. This study draws on development theorists such as Edward Said, Barbara Heron, Kate Simpson, and Rebecca Tiessen, to frame and examine participants’ responses. This study finds that young Canadian development workers draw motivation, justification, and imagined identities as agents of development from a complex interface between whiteness, gender, colonialism, Orientalism, and morality. This study concludes that a short-term development work is dominated by a simplistic narrative that depoliticizes development and identifies concepts produced and reinforced by this narrative. Further, this study identifies needs and recommends opportunities for future research.