Relevant bibliographies by topics / Short-term source

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Short-term source'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Short-term source"

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Ejaz, A., and P. Polak. "Short term momentum profits and their source: a business indicators’ approach." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 59, No. 12 (December 5, 2013): 563–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/50/2013-agricecon.

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The main objective of the paper is to seek the source that can explain the momentum profits because the source of momentum profits has been disputed. The secondary objective of the paper is to affirm the findings of the author about the presence of the short term momentum effect and to reaffirm the notion that CAPM cannot explain the momentum profits supported by a large number of authors. For the primary objective, a set of variables has been chosen, that fall under the category of “Business Indicators”, to explain the momentum profits. It is found that a variable “Starting a Business” could explain the source of the momentum profits whereas other variables may have a negligible or no influence over the momentum profits. It is also reaffirmed that a short term momentum effect has been found in 14 stock markets and the CAPM could not explain the momentum profits. This study is not conclusive due to the limitation of data but it does give a source of the momentum profits and it sheds light on the future research about the sources that can explain momentum profits in a great detail.
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Voleysho, Vladislav. "Short-term earthquake forecast." Russian Journal of Seismology 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35540/2686-7907.2021.1.06.

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In the manuscript, a tectonomagnetic model of forming the source zone of a strong earthquake is presented from the position of the electromagnetic field of Earth. The model is based on the idea of magnetic interaction between geological blocks screening, when the bond to each other by adhesion, a flux of abyssal fluids with the formation of a seismogenic structure. The source zone of strong earthquakes formed inside the seismogenic structure is followed by the development of an anomalous electromagnetic field. The existence of the deterministic cause-and-effect relationship between anomalous electromagnetic field inside the formed earthquake source and a change in atmospheric pressure determines the possibilities of conducting short-term prediction of time, place, and force of the earthquake. Registration of the earthquake source zone by barometric method during hydrogeodynamic monitoring makes it possible to make short-term predictions of it by time, place, and force. The substantiation and examples are given for short-term prediction of time, geographical location, and force of strong earthquakes in basic seismically active regions of Russia.
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Wadden, Richard A., Itsushi Uno, and Shinji Wakamatsu. "Source discrimination of short-term hydrocarbon samples measured aloft." Environmental Science & Technology 20, no. 5 (May 1986): 473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00147a006.

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Ozlanski, Michael, and Emma Marie Fleck. "Kabbage: an innovative source of short-term business loans." CASE Journal 14, no. 6 (November 12, 2018): 716–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-03-2018-0042.

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Synopsis New entrepreneurial businesses are one of the key drivers of innovation and economic development. However, one of their greatest obstacles is accessing capital, especially since they are often initially unprofitable and lack tangible assets in the first few years of operation. Since debt financing from banks can be difficult for them to obtain, their capacity for growth can be limited. This case introduces students to Kabbage, a company that reduced the barriers associated with start-up and microbusiness lending by using a fully automated, data-driven platform. Kabbage made instant decisions on whether these businesses should qualify for a line of credit by reviewing its clients’ electronic data, analyzed quickly and accurately using specific algorithms. Research methodology Given the applied nature of the case, the data were gleaned from a wide range of secondary sources, specifically popular business press which was verified for authenticity. Relevant courses and levels This case can be used in a variety of undergraduate courses. Some course examples include small business management, introduction to entrepreneurship or entrepreneurial finance.
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Buła, Dawid, Dariusz Grabowski, Andrzej Lange, Marcin Maciążek, and Marian Pasko. "Long- and Short-Term Comparative Analysis of Renewable Energy Sources." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 13, 2020): 3610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143610.

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Network working conditions are influenced noticeably by the connection of renewable energy sources to distribution networks. This becomes more and more important due to the increase in renewable energy source penetration over the last few years. This in turn can lead to a mass effect. As a result, the classical open network model with simple unidirectional direction of energy flow has been replaced with an active model that includes many local energy sources. This paper deals with the analysis of long- and short-term changes in power and energy generated by three types of renewable energy sources with similar rated power and which operate in the same region (i.e., located no more than tens of kilometers away). The obtained results can be a starting point for a broader evaluation of the influence of renewable energy sources on power quality in power systems, which can be both positive (supply reliability) and negative (voltage fluctuations and higher harmonics in current and voltage waveforms). It is important not only to correctly place but also to assure the diversity of such sources as it has been confirmed by the source variability coefficient. The long-term analysis allows us also to estimate the annual repeatability of energy production and, furthermore, the profitability of investment in renewable sources in a given region.
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Miah, MY, MR Das, and J. Hassan. "Short Term Red Amaranth Growth With Urea as N Source." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 6, no. 1 (February 10, 2015): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22047.

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The study was conducted at the farm of Banghobondhu Shekh Mogibur Rahman Agriculture University, Gazipur during the period of November to December, 2010 to enhance the production of red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor cv: BARI lal shak 1) through the improvement of growth and yield of red amaranth by optimizing the appropriate levels of nitrogen fertilizer. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) comprising six treatments with four replication each. The treatment combinations were T0 (0 kg N ha-1), T1 (50 kg N ha-1), T2 (75 kg N ha-1), T3 (100 kg N ha-1), T4 (125 kg N ha-1) and T5 (150 kg N ha-1), respectively. Amounts of N, P, K and S applied from urea, TSP, MOP and gypsum were 68, 23, 17 and 4 kg ha-1, respectively. Data on plant height, leaf number, root-shoot growth and dry weight along with yield and BCR (benefit cost ratio) indicated that urea applied at the rate of 150 kg N ha-1 had a significant (p<0.01) effect on the short term growth and yield of red amaranth.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22047 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 99-102 2013
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Fuchs, Susanne, Laura L. Koenig, and Caterina Petrone. "Exploring the source of short-term variations in respiratory data." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 145, no. 1 (January 2019): EL66—EL71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5087272.

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Drivas, Peter J., Peter A. Valberg, Brian L. Murphy, and Richard Wilson. "Modeling Indoor Air Exposure from Short-Term Point Source Releases." Indoor Air 6, no. 4 (December 1996): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1996.00006.x.

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Fuchs, Susanne, and Laura L. Koenig. "Exploring the source of short-term variations in respiratory data." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 142, no. 4 (October 2017): 2584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5014457.

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Ohnaka, Mitiyasu. "Earthquake source nucleation: A physical model for short-term precursors." Tectonophysics 211, no. 1-4 (September 1992): 149–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(92)90057-d.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Short-term source"

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Rachal, Kenneth Christopher. "Incorporating MMPI-2 test feedback into brief counseling : multiple source effects in the counseling process." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1177988.

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Test feedback has been recommended as an effective adjunct to brief therapy, despite a continued lack of empirical support. Previous research demonstrates the benefits of providing test feedback; however, it is unclear whether feedback interventions are responsible for producing positive outcomes. To clarify the efficacy of incorporating test feedback into the counseling process, a constructive research strategy was followed to examine collaborative MMPI-2 feedback as an isolated treatment component in brief counseling. A multiple source effect, as outlined by social influence theory (Strong, 1968) and the elaboration likelihood model (Petty & Cacioppo, 1981), was proposed to explain the benefits of collaborative test feedback. Specifically, the source characteristics of the counselor and the test were hypothesized to facilitate counseling outcomes.Forty undergraduate students, who were willing to discuss personal concerns with a counselor during two counseling sessions, were randomly assigned to either a counseling-only or a counseling + feedback intervention. The counseling process in both treatment groups was the same (i.e., participants answered personal questions), but MMPI-2 feedback was provided only in the counseling + feedback group. After each counseling session and a two-week follow-up, participants completed the Session Impact Scale, Outcome Questionnaire, Counselor Rating Form, Thought Listing procedure, as well as counseling attitudes and persuasion to change measures.Regardless of whether personality feedback was provided, the counseling sessions were evaluated favorably, participants' psychological functioning improved, and counselors were perceived to be influential. Although group differences were not large enough to be statistically significant, providing MMPI-2 feedback was associated with more reliable change in symptomatic distress. In addition, participants from both groups reported comparable levels of cognitive processing and counseling attitudes and were similarly persuaded to alter their behavior. Because significant changes occurred regardless of test feedback, counseling outcomes were not moderated by providing test feedback. Multiple source effects were not demonstrated in the test feedback process. These results indicate common therapeutic factors, such as answering therapeutic questions and finding solutions to presenting concerns, are responsible for treatment gains previously attributed to test feedback. Suggestions for future test interpretation research are provided and recommendations for theoretical development are discussed.
Department of Educational Studies
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Ozturk, Fatma. "Investigation Of Short And Long Term Trends In The Eastern Mediterranean Aerosol Composition." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610373/index.pdf.

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Approximately 2000 daily aerosol samples were collected at Antalya (30°
34&
#900
30.54 E, 36°
47&
#8217
30.54N) on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey between 1993 and 2001. High volume PM10 sampler was used for the collection of samples on Whatman&
#8211
41 filters. Collected samples were analyzed by a combination of analytical techniques. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) was used to measure trace element content of the collected samples from Li to U. Major ions, namely, SO42- and NO3-, were determined by employing Ion Chromatography (IC). Samples were analyzed in terms of their NH4+ contents by means of Colorimetry. Evaluation of short term trends of measured parameters have been shown that elements with marine and crustal origin are more episodic as compared to anthropogenic ones. Most of the parameters showed well defined seasonal cycles, for example, concentrations of crustal elements increased in summer season while winter concentrations of marine elements were considerably higher than associated values for summer. Seasonal Kendall statistic depicted that there was a decreasing trend for crustal elements such as Be, Co, Al, Na, Mg, K, Dy, Ho, Tm, Cs and Eu. Lead, As, Se and Ge were the anhtropogenic elements that decreasing trend was detected in the course of study period. Cluster and Residence time analysis were performed to find the origin of air masses arrving to Eastern Mediterranena Basin. It has been found that air masses reaching to our station resided more on Balkans and Eastern Europe. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) resolved eight factors influencing the chemical composition of Eastern Mediterranean aerosols as local dust, Saharan dust, oil combustion, coal combustion, crustal-anthropogenic mixed, sea salt, motor vehicle emission, and local Sb factor.
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Sommerlot, Andrew Richard. "Coupling Physical and Machine Learning Models with High Resolution Information Transfer and Rapid Update Frameworks for Environmental Applications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89893.

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Few current modeling tools are designed to predict short-term, high-risk runoff from critical source areas (CSAs) in watersheds which are significant sources of non point source (NPS) pollution. This study couples the Soil and Water Assessment Tool-Variable Source Area (SWAT-VSA) model with the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) model and the Global Forecast System (GFS) model short-term weather forecast, to develop a CSA prediction tool designed to assist producers, landowners, and planners in identifying high-risk areas generating storm runoff and pollution. Short-term predictions for streamflow, runoff probability, and soil moisture levels were estimated in the South Fork of the Shenandoah river watershed in Virginia. In order to allow land managers access to the CSA predictions a free and open source software based web was developed. The forecast system consists of three primary components; (1) the model, which preprocesses the necessary hydrologic forcings, runs the watershed model, and outputs spatially distributed VSA forecasts; (2) a data management structure, which converts high resolution rasters into overlay web map tiles; and (3) the user interface component, a web page that allows the user, to interact with the processed output. The resulting framework satisfied most design requirements with free and open source software and scored better than similar tools in usability metrics. One of the potential problems is that the CSA model, utilizing physically based modeling techniques requires significant computational time to execute and process. Thus, as an alternative, a deep learning (DL) model was developed and trained on the process based model output. The DL model resulted in a 9% increase in predictive power compared to the physically based model and a ten-fold decrease in run time. Additionally, DL interpretation methods applicable beyond this study are described including hidden layer visualization and equation extractions describing a quantifiable amount of variance in hidden layer values. Finally, a large-scale analysis of soil phosphorus (P) levels was conducted in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, a current location of several short-term forecast tools. Based on Bayesian inference methodologies, 31 years of soil P history at the county scale were estimated, with the associated uncertainty for each estimate. These data will assist in the planning and implantation of short term forecast tools with P management goals. The short term modeling and communication tools developed in this work contribute to filling a gap in scientific tools aimed at improving water quality through informing land manager's decisions.
PHD
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Topinka, Zdeněk. "Modelace možných finančních zdrojů na pořízení nemovitosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232841.

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The aim of the works was analyze possible to sources financial resources for financing immovables in Czech republic. Sources were to be surveyed for needs personal living and needs business. In diploma work work are circumscribed individual possibilities, their criteria and their usage. Thesis is tipped modelling situation and her solving.
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Buchanan, Tom. "Sources of variance in short term reactions to media violence." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU082166.

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Research on the effects of media violence indicates that, at least under laboratory conditions, observation of violent stimuli leads to increased aggression. Numerous theories have been formulated to account for this effect, and most have received a degree of empirical support. This has led to theoretical fragmentation of the research. It is argued that a basic conceptual framework is required to guide future progress. It has further been shown that a number of factors affect the extent to which reactions are observed. It is argued that any comprehensive theory of the effects of media violence must take account of the role of individual, film and situational factors, and the possible importance of reactions other than aggression. Two similar theories separately advanced by Berkowitz [1984] and Huesmann [1986], based respectively on the priming of an associative network of aggression related responses, and the encoding and retrieval of aggression related scripts, may jointly have the potential to form such a comprehensive conceptual framework. Previous theories may be considered as special extensions of the Berkowitz/Huesmann model. A series of experiments was performed to test the predictions of this theory, examining the influence of multiple individual difference and film factors on groups of conceptually related affective, cognitive and physiological responses. Findings indicated that violent films prime responses associated with both aggression and anxiety. These results are better interpreted within Berkowitz's later [1993] model of the formation of anger, and suggest that Huesmann's model should be expanded to include anxiety related scripts. It was established that both film and individual factors influence the nature and intensity of viewer reactions, but the way in which they do this is not entirely clear. Ways are suggested in which future research may provide information abut how this occurs.
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Gulez, Gamze. "Short Term Effects of Carbon and Inoculum Sources on Filamentous Growth: A Comparison between Molecular and Microscopic Methods." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05182005-214310/.

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Filamentous bulking in activated sludge treatment plants is a worldwide problem. Understanding the growth requirements of specific filamentous organisms will allow the development of better control strategies for bulking. In this study, the short term effects of eight carbon sources and three inoculum sources on the growth of filamentous bacteria were tested. Three lab scale sequencing batch reactors (SBR) were operated. Microscopic (Gram and Neisser staining) and molecular methods (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis [DGGE], Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization [FISH]) were used to track the microbial population changes in the reactors. Sludge volume index (SVI) measurements were used to monitor bulking in the reactors. DGGE and sequencing results indicated the presence of the filamentous bacteria Sphaerotilus natans and Thiothrix. S. natans grew in glucose-, acetate-, and sucrose-fed reactors, regardless of the inoculum source. It also grew in propionate- and pyruvate-fed reactors inoculated with the sludge from the Neuse River Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Thiothrix was detected in propionate- and pyruvate-fed reactors inoculated with sludge from the South Cary WWTP, and in glucose- and acetate-fed inoculated with the sludge from the Neuse River WWTP inoculated reactors. In addition to these two filaments, Gram and Neisser staining indicated the presence of Nostocoida limicola in Neuse River WWTP inoculated reactors. The presence of S. natans and T. nivea was confirmed with FISH. SVI measurements were consistent with the level of bulking, showing an increase as the number of filaments in the reactors increased. This study confirmed that readily biodegradable substrates favored the growth of S. natans, T. nivea and, N. limicola in activated sludge. The simultaneous use of microscopic and molecular tools provided the information above with one method compensating for the other method?s biases.
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Gonzalez, i. Llinares Bernat. "Presynaptic mechanisms of short-term plasticity at hippocampal mossy fibersynapses." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0424/document.

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Les synapses fibres moussues de l‘hippocampe entre le gyrus denté et les cellulespyramidales de CA3 sont caractérisées par leur morphologie particulière, et par leurspropriétés distinctives de transmission synaptique et de plasticité présynaptique. Cessynapses sont parfois appelées «détonatrices» pour leur rôle fonctionnel dansl‘encodage de la mémoire épisodique. Cependant, les mécanismes moléculaires à labase des propriétés spécifiques de ces synapses restent peu connus. Ce travail estcomposé de deux parties principales:1) Phénotypage des synapses fibres moussues de l'hippocampe chez les sourisVAMP7 KOVAMP7 est une protéine SNARE vésiculaire de la famille des longins, qui joue unrôle dans la croissance des neurites durant le développement. Dans le cerveauadulte, VAMP7 est enrichi dans un sous-ensemble de terminaisons nerveuses, enparticulier dans les fibres moussues de l‗hippocampe. Nous avons analysé lafonction de VAMP7 dans la libération de neurotransmetteurs par une caractérisationextensive de la transmission synaptique et des mécanismes de plasticité de cettesynapse. L'absence de VAMP7 ne cause pas de graves déficits développementauxou neuronaux (Sato et al., 2011; Danglot et al., 2012). Les mécanismesprésynaptiques de la plasticité à court terme de la fibre moussue de l‘hippocampesemblent également normaux, pour des raisons éventuelles qui seront discutées.2) Circuits du CA3 examinés par traçage viral et enregistrements de pairesNous avons développé une technique pour établir des enregistrements en pairesentre cellules en grain du gyrus denté connectées et cellules pyramidales CA3 (GCCA3),sur des cultures organotypiques de tranches d'hippocampe de souris. Pouridentifier les partenaires présynaptiques directs à une cellule pyramidale CA3 ciblée,nous avons combiné l‘électroporation cellulaire unitaire et le traçage mono-transsynaptiquebasé sur un virus de la rage recombinant et pseudotypé. Nous avonstransfecté une cellule pyramidale CA3 unique par tranche avec les plasmides codantla glycoprotéine d‘enveloppe du virus de la rage (RG), un rapporteur fluorescent, etla protéine TVA (récepteur de surface apparenté au EnvA, qui n'a pas d‘homologuechez les cellules de mammifères). Les tranches ont ensuite été infectées avec levirus de la rage recombinant et pseudotypé. Après 3-4 jours, le traçage mono-transsynaptiquerévèle les entrées présynaptiques de ce neurone unique. Ensuite, nousavons pu établir des enregistrements de paires entre les cellules en grain-CA3connectés, ainsi que de quantifier les partenaires présynaptiques de la cellulepyramidale CA3 de départ
The hippocampal mossy fiber is characterized by its particular morphology, distinctsynaptic transmission and presynaptic plasticity. Moreover, this synapse has beencalled ―teacher‖ or ―detonator‖ for its proposed functional role in episodic memoryencoding. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying its specific functionalproperties remain elusive. This work is composed of two main parts:1) Phenotyping Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Synapses in VAMP7 KO MiceVAMP7 is a vesicle SNARE of the longin family important in neurite growth duringdevelopment. In the adult brain, VAMP7 is enriched in a subset of nerve terminals,particularly at the hippocampal mossy fiber. We analyzed VAMP7 function inneurotransmitter release by characterizing basal and evoked transmission at thissynapse in KO mice and fully tested hypotheses relevant to short-term plasticity.Loss of VAMP7 has been previously reported not to cause major developmental orneurological deficits (Sato et al., 2011; Danglot et al., 2012). Presynapticmechanisms of short-term plasticity at the hippocampal mossy fiber also seemunaffected for potential reasons that will be discussed.2) CA3 Circuits Probed with RABV-Tracing and Paired RecordingsWe developed a technique to establish paired recordings between connected dentategyrus granule cells and CA3 pyramidal cells (GC-CA3) in mouse hippocampalorganotypic slice cultures. To identify direct presynaptic partners to a defined targetCA3 pyramidal cell, we combined single-cell electroporation (SCE) and mono-transsynaptictracing based on a pseudotyped, recombinant rabies virus (EnvApseudotyped RABV ΔG). Using SCE we transfected a single CA3 pyramidal cell perslice with the plasmids encoding: the RABV envelope glycoprotein (RG), afluorescent reporter, and TVA (the EnvA cognate surface receptor, which has nohomologue in mammalian cells). The slices were subsequently infected with EnvApseudotyped RABV ΔG. After 3-4 days, the RABV mono-trans-synaptic tracingrevealed the presynaptic inputs of that single neuron. Then, we were able toestablish paired recordings between connected GC-CA3 cells, as well as to quantifythe presynaptic partners of the starter CA3 pyramidal cell
De mosvezel van de hippocampus kenmerkt zich door een bijzondere morfologie,uitzonderlijke synaptische transmissie en presynaptische plasticiteit. De synapswordt ook wel "leraar" of "detonator" genoemd vanwege zijn waarschijnlijke rol in decodering van het episodisch geheugen. Toch blijven de specifieke moleculairemechanismen van dit synaps onbekend. Dit werk bestaat uit twee delen:1) Fenotypering van mosvezel synapsen van de hippocampus in VAMP7 KO muizenVAMP7 is een vesicle-SNARE van de longin familie van belang bij de groei vanneurieten tijdens de ontwikkeling. In de volwassen hersenen, wordt VAMP7 verrijkt ineen subset van zenuwuiteinden, vooral in de mosvezel van de hippocampus. Weanalyseerden VAMP7 functie in neurotransmitter afgifte door het karakteriseren vanbasale en opgeroepen transmissie bij deze synaps in KO muizen. Eerder is algesteld dat gebrek aan VAMP7 niet leidt tot grote ontwikkelings- of neurologischeafwijkingen (Sato et al., 2011; Danglot et al., 2012). Presynaptische mechanismenvan korte termijn plasticiteit in de mosvezel van de hippocampus lijken ookonaangetast te zijn, de mogelijke redenen hiervoor zullen worden besproken.2) CA3 circuits onderzocht met behulp van RABV-tracing en gekoppelde opnamesWe ontwikkelden een techniek om gekoppelde opnames tussen korelcellen van degyrus dentatus en aangesloten CA3 piramidale cellen (KC-CA3) op zogenaamde‗mouse hippocampal organotypic slice cultures‘ te meten. Om rechtstreeksepresynaptische partners te identificeren van een specifieke CA3 piramidale cel,combineerden we single-cell electroporation (SCE) en mono-trans-synaptic tracingop basis van een pseudo-typed, recombinant rabiësvirus (EnvA pseudogetypedRABV ΔG). Met behulp van SCE transfecteerde we één CA3 piramidale cel per slicemet plasmiden die coderen voor: het RABV glycoproteïne-envelop (RG), eenfluorescerende reporter, en TVA (de aan EnvA verwante oppervlakte receptor diegeen homoloog in zoogdiercellen heeft). De slices werden vervolgens geïnfecteerdmet ENVA pseudogetyped RABV ΔG. Na 3-4 dagen bracht de RABV mono-transsynaptischetracing de presynaptische ingangen van die ene neuron aan het licht.Hierna konden we gekoppelde opnames doen tussen verbonden KC-CA3 cellen.Daarnaast konden we de presynaptische partners van de starter CA3 pyramidale celkwantificeren
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Lönnberg, Joakim. "Short-term regulating capacity and operational patterns of The Lule River with large wind power penetration." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-230972.

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The growing share of installed wind power in the Swedish electricity system has caused concerns whether the available regulating power will be sufficient. Several studies have examined the need of regulating power using both statistical and modelling approaches. However, there is a risk that some aspects of the short-term regulation of hydropower might have been missed. By using one of Vattenfall’s hydropower planning tools, the short-term operation of The Lule River has been simulated with an increasing penetration of wind power. The tool includes detailed models of reservoirs, generating units including efficiency curves and start/stop costs. By introducing a day-by-day simulation with a seven-day window price forecast, updated with a new wind forecast for each iteration, a 21-days scenario has been simulated. Transmission limits are disregarded and the thermal production is reduced with the average wind production. To quantify and compare the regulation capacity, the regulation factor is introduced. It reflects the ability to utilise high-price hours and considering that the need of regulating power for the short-term perspective is reflected in the price it will also reflect the regulation capacity. It is shown that the regulating factor is correlated to the discharge factor,whichis the relation between the maximum discharge to the average statistical discharge for a plant. A high discharge factor provides the flexibility to utilise the fluctuations in price. The discharge factor is adapted to the plants placement in the reach, accounting for both reservoirs located upstream and downstream, especially for The Lule River which has been designed to regulate for the fluctuations in the load. The flexibility required by the rest of the Nordic rivers is quantified for future studies. It is concluded that The Lule River is able to meet some of the fluctuations of wind power production due to the overcapacity ininstalled power. The production can, at the expense of decreased efficiency of the generating units, alter the production to suit a more fluctuating price.It is important to emphasise that The Lule River alone cannot balance a large penetration of wind power. To fully take into account the effects of a large penetration of wind power the study must be expanded to include more scenarios. The study should include different types of hydrological prerequisites and the seasonal variations in power production as well as additional rivers.
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Verdet, Florian. "Exploring variabilities through factor analysis in automatic acoustic language recognition." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954255.

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Language Recognition is the problem of discovering the language of a spoken definitionutterance. This thesis achieves this goal by using short term acoustic information within a GMM-UBM approach.The main problem of many pattern recognition applications is the variability of problemthe observed data. In the context of Language Recognition (LR), this troublesomevariability is due to the speaker characteristics, speech evolution, acquisition and transmission channels.In the context of Speaker Recognition, the variability problem is solved by solutionthe Joint Factor Analysis (JFA) technique. Here, we introduce this paradigm toLanguage Recognition. The success of JFA relies on several assumptions: The globalJFA assumption is that the observed information can be decomposed into a universalglobal part, a language-dependent part and the language-independent variabilitypart. The second, more technical assumption consists in the unwanted variability part to be thought to live in a low-dimensional, globally defined subspace. In this work, we analyze how JFA behaves in the context of a GMM-UBM LR framework. We also introduce and analyze its combination with Support Vector Machines(SVMs).The first JFA publications put all unwanted information (hence the variability) improvemen tinto one and the same component, which is thought to follow a Gaussian distribution.This handles diverse kinds of variability in a unique manner. But in practice,we observe that this hypothesis is not always verified. We have for example thecase, where the data can be divided into two clearly separate subsets, namely datafrom telephony and from broadcast sources. In this case, our detailed investigations show that there is some benefit of handling the two kinds of data with two separatesystems and then to elect the output score of the system, which corresponds to the source of the testing utterance.For selecting the score of one or the other system, we need a channel source related analyses detector. We propose here different novel designs for such automatic detectors.In this framework, we show that JFA's variability factors (of the subspace) can beused with success for detecting the source. This opens the interesting perspectiveof partitioning the data into automatically determined channel source categories,avoiding the need of source-labeled training data, which is not always available.The JFA approach results in up to 72% relative cost reduction, compared to the overall resultsGMM-UBM baseline system. Using source specific systems followed by a scoreselector, we achieve 81% relative improvement.
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Prévot, Thomas. "Pathogénicité du stress chronique chez l'adulte dans un modèle murin : impact à long terme et rôle de la somatostatine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0321/document.

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Le stress a une fonction adaptative mais son influence délétère sur la santé physique,cognitive et mentale lorsqu’il se présente de façon excessive et/ou chronique est aujourd’huireconnue. De très nombreux travaux ont démontré que le jeune enfant, l’adolescent et le sujetâgé y sont particulièrement vulnérables. L’objectif de cette thèse a été de déterminer s’ilexiste une sensibilité au stress chronique chez l’adulte selon l’âge au moment de l’exposition.Le modèle de stress chronique léger et imprédictible mis au point chez la souris a été utilisé.Les impacts à court et long-terme (sujet âgé), ont été déterminés en analysant les troublessomatiques, hédoniques, anxieux, dépressifs et cognitifs, caractéristiques du syndrome destress. Contrairement à l’idée selon laquelle l’adulte serait plus résistant et plus résilient auxperturbations induites par le stress, les résultats de cette thèse démontrent qu’une période destress à l’âge adulte produit des effets délétères drastiques non seulement immédiats maiségalement à long terme. Toutefois, l’adulte d’âge moyen serait plus résistant et plus résilientrelativement aux adultes jeunes ou d’âge avancé qui présentent une symptomatologie plusmarquée. La sévérité des symptômes anxieux initialement générés par le stress est corrélée àla fois avec la persistance des troubles et la modification des marques de répression géniquedans l’hippocampe indiquant la présence d’une signature épigénétique de l’épisode de stress àlong terme. Des études récentes ont suggéré l’implication de la somatostatine centrale dans lesrégulations émotionnelles et relient la vulnérabilité au stress chronique des neuronessomatostatinergiques avec le développement de troubles anxio-dépressifs. Les résultats decette thèse ont permis d’identifier l’inhibition à la fois de l’axe HPA et des comportementsanxio-dépressifs par les récepteurs sst2 et sst4 de l’hippocampe. Les profils comportementauxinduits par l’utilisation d’agonistes sélectifs ou par la délétion de ces deux récepteurssuggèrent l’existence de deux voies de régulation interagissant respectivement avec lessystèmes sérotoninergique (voie sst2) et noradrénergique (voie sst4), l’une régulantprincipalement l’état anxieux, l’autre les désordres dépressifs et cognitifs. Ainsi, cette thèseétaye l’importance de la pathogénicité du stress chronique chez l’adulte et l’importance desrégulations neuroendocriniennes et cognitivo-émotionnelles par les récepteurs sst2 et sst4, unespécificité qui doit être prise en considération dans l’utilisation et le développement destraitements somatostatinergiques ciblant
Stress has an adaptive function but it can have also deleterious effects on physical,cognitive and mental health when its intensity and/or chronicity increase. A large body ofevidence supports the idea that young children, adolescents and aged people are highlysensitive to stress. The aim of this study was to determinate if a critical period of sensitivity tostress may be evidenced during adulthood. The Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress protocoldeveloped in the mouse was used. Short and long-term impacts of stress were quantified byassessing somatic, hedonic, anxious, depressive and cognitive troubles which arecharacteristic of a stress syndrome. Unlike the view that adults are resistant and resilient tostress, the results presented in this thesis show that a stress period during adulthood inducesimmediate and long-lasting deleterious effects. However, middle-aged adults were moreresistant and more resilient than younger or older subjects which both displayed a more severesymptomatology. The anxiety level initially induced by chronic stress is correlated with thepersistence of troubles and with modifications of gene repression marks in the hippocampus,indicating the presence of an epigenetic signature of the chronic stress episode in the longterm.Recent studies have suggested that central somatostatin is involved in emotionalregulations, linking the vulnerability of somatostatinergic neurons to chronic stress with theinstatement of anxio-depressive disorders. We showed herein that hippocampal sst2 and sst4receptor subtypes mediate the inhibition of HPA axis and improve anxio-depressivebehaviors. Behavioral patterns induced by either selective agonists or deletions of thesereceptors suggest that two regulatory pathways respectively interact with the serotoninergicsystem (sst2) and the noradrenergic system (sst4). In addition, sst2 receptors mainly regulateanxiety whereas sst4 is mainly involved in the regulation of cognitive and depressivedisorders. As a whole, this thesis corroborates the idea that chronic stress has pathogeniceffects even in adulthood and highlights the importance of neuroendocrine and cognitivoemotionalregulations by sst2 and sst4 receptor subtypes, a specificity that has to beconsidered in the use and the development of somatostatin treatments targeting HPAderegulations and stress-related disorders
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Books on the topic "Short-term source"

1

Tani, Massimiliano. Head-content or headcount? short-term skilled labour movements as a source of growth. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2006.

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LeChevallier, Mark W. Short-term variability of Giardia cyst and Cryptosporidium oocyst concentrations in a surface water source used for potable water. Trenton, N.J: New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection, Division of Science and Research, 1998.

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Carter-Yamauchi, Charlotte A. Utility-financing of energy conservation: A short-term approach to Hawaii's oil dependency. Honolulu, Hawaii: Legislative Reference Bureau, 1988.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure. Alternative energy tax incentives: The effect of short-term extensions on alternative technology investment, domestic manufacturing, and jobs : hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure of the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, December 14, 2011. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2011.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards and Pacific Environmental Services, eds. Sensitivity analysis of a revised area source algorithm for the industrial source complex short term model. Research Triangle Park, NC: Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air and Radiation. and Pacific Environmental Services, eds. Comparison of a revised area source algorithm for the industrial source complex short term model and wind tunnel data. Research Triangle Park, NC: Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air and Radiation. and Pacific Environmental Services, eds. Comparison of a revised area source algorithm for the industrial source complex short term model and wind tunnel data. Research Triangle Park, NC: Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992.

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Short-term economic indicators: transition economies: Sources & definitions. Paris, France: Organisation for EconomicCo-operation and Development, 1995.

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Organisation for economic co-operation and development. Short-Term Economic Indicators Transition Economies: Sources and Definitions. Organization for Economic, 1996.

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Wooldredge, John. Useful versus Harmful Prison Policies. Edited by John Wooldredge and Paula Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199948154.013.32.

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This chapter provides a synthesis of some of the useful prison policies discussed throughout this volume. The sources of useful versus harmful policies in addition to the implications of the latter are discussed. Perhaps the most common source of harmful policies has been heavier emphases placed on punishment by politicians and court actors who are further removed from the prison experience. Common denominators of policies that have generally improved the welfare of prisoners and/or prison staff, on the other hand, include grounding in an increasingly humanitarian view of offenders, a growing awareness of both short- and long-term adverse effects of incarceration on offenders and the general population, greater reliance on empirically based strategies, and interagency collaborations to ensure long-term solutions while minimizing unanticipated ill effects. The greatest obstacles to overcoming harmful policies are also reviewed, highlighting the importance of cumulative knowledge and ongoing empirical research on best practices.
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Book chapters on the topic "Short-term source"

1

Alsulami, Bander, Edwin Dauber, Richard Harang, Spiros Mancoridis, and Rachel Greenstadt. "Source Code Authorship Attribution Using Long Short-Term Memory Based Networks." In Computer Security – ESORICS 2017, 65–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66402-6_6.

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Shan, Shubing, and Buyang Cao. "A Short-Term Forecast Approach of Public Buildings’ Power Demands upon Multi-source Data." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 174–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66808-6_12.

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Yoshida, H., S. Ueno, and H. Weinberg. "Measurement and Source Analysis of MEG Activities Associated with Short-Term Memory and Identification Processes." In Biomag 96, 900–903. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1260-7_222.

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Iwasa, Kaname, Mauricio Kugler, Susumu Kuroyanagi, and Akira Iwata. "A Multiple Sound Source Recognition System Using Pulsed Neuron Model with Short Term Synaptic Depression." In Neural Information Processing. Theory and Algorithms, 74–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17537-4_10.

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Bensaid, Siouar, Antony Schutz, and Dirk T. M. Slock. "Single Microphone Blind Audio Source Separation Using EM-Kalman Filter and Short+Long Term AR Modeling." In Latent Variable Analysis and Signal Separation, 106–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15995-4_14.

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Jin, Wenzhou, Peng Li, Weitiao Wu, and Lanhui Wei. "Short-Term Public Transportation Passenger Flow Forecasting Method Based on Multi-source Data and Shepard Interpolating Prediction Method." In Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 281–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2481-9_33.

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Widiatmojo, Arif, Yutaro Shimada, Isao Takashima, Youhei Uchida, Srilert Chotpantarat, Punya Charusiri, Juraluk Navephap, and Trong Thang Tran. "Evaluation and Short-Term Test on Potential Utilization of Ground Source Heat Pump for Space Cooling in Southeast Asia." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 745–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0077-7_63.

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Barry, T. A., R. Segawa, P. Wofford, and C. Ganapathy. "Off-Site Air Monitoring Following Methyl Bromide Chamber and Warehouse Fumigations and Evaluation of the Industrial Source Complex—Short Term 3 Air Dispersion Model." In ACS Symposium Series, 178–88. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1997-0652.ch014.

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Consoli, Sergio, Luca Tiozzo Pezzoli, and Elisa Tosetti. "Information Extraction From the GDELT Database to Analyse EU Sovereign Bond Markets." In Mining Data for Financial Applications, 55–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66981-2_5.

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AbstractIn this contribution we provide an overview of a currently on-going project related to the development of a methodology for building economic and financial indicators capturing investor’s emotions and topics popularity which are useful to analyse the sovereign bond markets of countries in the EU.These alternative indicators are obtained from the Global Data on Events, Location, and Tone (GDELT) database, which is a real-time, open-source, large-scale repository of global human society for open research which monitors worlds broadcast, print, and web news, creating a free open platform for computing on the entire world’s media. After providing an overview of the method under development, some preliminary findings related to the use case of Italy are also given. The use case reveals initial good performance of our methodology for the forecasting of the Italian sovereign bond market using the information extracted from GDELT and a deep Long Short-Term Memory Network opportunely trained and validated with a rolling window approach to best accounting for non-linearities in the data.
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Soriguera Martí, Francesc. "Short-Term Prediction of Highway Travel Time Using Multiple Data Sources." In Highway Travel Time Estimation With Data Fusion, 157–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48858-4_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Short-term source"

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Schutz, Antony, and Dirk Slock. "Blind audio source separation using short+long term AR source models and spectrum matching." In 2011 Digital Signal Processing and Signal Processing Education Meeting (DSP/SPE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsp-spe.2011.5739196.

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Zhang, Zhe, Feng Li, and Wei Liu. "Short-Term Traffic Condition Prediction Based on Multi-Source Data Fusion and LSTM." In 3rd International Forum on Connected Automated Vehicle Highway System through the China Highway & Transportation Society. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-5137.

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Schutz, Antony, and Dirk Slock. "Single-microphone blind audio source separation via Gaussian short+long term AR models." In 2010 4th International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isccsp.2010.5463308.

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Yuan, Quan, Qiang Zhang, and Anping Zhou. "Short term load forecasting algorithm of substation bus based on multi source data characteristics." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Industrial Design (AIID). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aiid51893.2021.9456547.

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Agyeman, Kofi Afrifa, Sekyung Han, and Ryota Umezawa. "A frequency based short-term reliability index considering feedback control constraints and renewable energy source incorporation." In 2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2016.7742015.

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Bensad, Siouar, Antony Schutz, and Dirk Slock. "Mono-microphone blind audio source separation using EM-Kalman filters and short+long term ar modeling." In 2009 Conference Record of the Forty-Third Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2009.5470079.

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Weninger, Felix, Jean-Louis Durrieu, Florian Eyben, Gael Richard, and Bjorn Schuller. "Combining monaural source separation with Long Short-Term Memory for increased robustness in vocalist gender recognition." In ICASSP 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2011.5946764.

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Raithel, Philipp, Arne Zimmer, Karl-Friedrich Klein, and Mathias Belz. "Short- and long-term damage and annealing of improved UV-fibers using broadband UV light-source." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Israel Gannot. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2257517.

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Fan, Shixiong, Xingwei Liu, Weiwei Ma, and Wei Zhang. "Ultra-short-term Bus Load Forecasting Method Based on Multi-source Data and Hybrid Neural Network." In 2020 IEEE 4th Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ei250167.2020.9346822.

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Li, Gong, Jing Shi, and Junyi Zhou. "Short Term Wind Speed Forecasting Based on Bayesian Model Averaging Method." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-13055.

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Wind energy has been the world’s fastest growing source of clean and renewable energy in the past decade. One of the fundamental difficulties faced by power system operators, however, is the unpredictability and variability of wind power generation, which is closely connected with the continuous fluctuations of the wind resource. Good short-term wind speed forecasting methods and techniques are urgently needed since it is important for wind energy conversion systems in terms of the relevant issues associated with the dynamic control of the wind turbine and the integration of wind energy into the power system. This paper proposes the application of Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method in combining the one-hour-ahead short-term wind speed forecasts from different statistical models. Based on the hourly wind speed observations from one representative site within North Dakota, four statistical models are built and the corresponding forecast time series are obtained. These data are then analyzed by using BMA method. The goodness-of-fit test results show that the BMA method is superior to its component models by providing a more reliable and accurate description of the total predictive uncertainty than the original elements, leading to a sharper probability density function for the probabilistic wind speed predictions.
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Reports on the topic "Short-term source"

1

Lasko, Kristofer, and Sean Griffin. Monitoring Ecological Restoration with Imagery Tools (MERIT) : Python-based decision support tools integrated into ArcGIS for satellite and UAS image processing, analysis, and classification. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40262.

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Monitoring the impacts of ecosystem restoration strategies requires both short-term and long-term land surface monitoring. The combined use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and satellite imagery enable effective landscape and natural resource management. However, processing, analyzing, and creating derivative imagery products can be time consuming, manually intensive, and cost prohibitive. In order to provide fast, accurate, and standardized UAS and satellite imagery processing, we have developed a suite of easy-to-use tools integrated into the graphical user interface (GUI) of ArcMap and ArcGIS Pro as well as open-source solutions using NodeOpenDroneMap. We built the Monitoring Ecological Restoration with Imagery Tools (MERIT) using Python and leveraging third-party libraries and open-source software capabilities typically unavailable within ArcGIS. MERIT will save US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) districts significant time in data acquisition, processing, and analysis by allowing a user to move from image acquisition and preprocessing to a final output for decision-making with one application. Although we designed MERIT for use in wetlands research, many tools have regional or global relevancy for a variety of environmental monitoring initiatives.
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Coulson, Saskia, Melanie Woods, Drew Hemment, and Michelle Scott. Report and Assessment of Impact and Policy Outcomes Using Community Level Indicators: H2020 Making Sense Report. University of Dundee, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001192.

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Making Sense is a European Commission H2020 funded project which aims at supporting participatory sensing initiatives that address environmental challenges in areas such as noise and air pollution. The development of Making Sense was informed by previous research on a crowdfunded open source platform for environmental sensing, SmartCitizen.me, developed at the Fab Lab Barcelona. Insights from this research identified several deterrents for a wider uptake of participatory sensing initiatives due to social and technical matters. For example, the participants struggled with the lack of social interactions, a lack of consensus and shared purpose amongst the group, and a limited understanding of the relevance the data had in their daily lives (Balestrini et al., 2014; Balestrini et al., 2015). As such, Making Sense seeks to explore if open source hardware, open source software and and open design can be used to enhance data literacy and maker practices in participatory sensing. Further to this, Making Sense tests methodologies aimed at empowering individuals and communities through developing a greater understanding of their environments and by supporting a culture of grassroot initiatives for action and change. To do this, Making Sense identified a need to underpin sensing with community building activities and develop strategies to inform and enable those participating in data collection with appropriate tools and skills. As Fetterman, Kaftarian and Wanderman (1996) state, citizens are empowered when they understand evaluation and connect it in a way that it has relevance to their lives. Therefore, this report examines the role that these activities have in participatory sensing. Specifically, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in using the concept of Community Level Indicators (CLIs), which are measurable and objective sources of information gathered to complement sensor data. We describe how CLIs are used to develop a more indepth understanding of the environmental problem at hand, and to record, monitor and evaluate the progress of change during initiatives. We propose that CLIs provide one way to move participatory sensing beyond a primarily technological practice and towards a social and environmental practice. This is achieved through an increased focus in the participants’ interests and concerns, and with an emphasis on collective problem solving and action. We position our claims against the following four challenge areas in participatory sensing: 1) generating and communicating information and understanding (c.f. Loreto, 2017), 2) analysing and finding relevance in data (c.f. Becker et al., 2013), 3) building community around participatory sensing (c.f. Fraser et al., 2005), and 4) achieving or monitoring change and impact (c.f. Cheadle et al., 2000). We discuss how the use of CLIs can tend to these challenges. Furthermore, we report and assess six ways in which CLIs can address these challenges and thereby support participatory sensing initiatives: i. Accountability ii. Community assessment iii. Short-term evaluation iv. Long-term evaluation v. Policy change vi. Capability The report then returns to the challenge areas and reflects on the learnings and recommendations that are gleaned from three Making Sense case studies. Afterwhich, there is an exposition of approaches and tools developed by Making Sense for the purposes of advancing participatory sensing in this way. Lastly, the authors speak to some of the policy outcomes that have been realised as a result of this research.
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Chou, Roger, Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Ian Blazina, Erika Brodt, David I. Buckley, Tamara P. Cheney, et al. Treatments for Acute Pain: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer240.

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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of opioid, nonopioid pharmacologic, and nonpharmacologic therapy in patients with specific types of acute pain, including effects on pain, function, quality of life, adverse events, and long-term use of opioids. Data sources. Electronic databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) to August 2020, reference lists, and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of outpatient therapies for eight acute pain conditions: low back pain, neck pain, other musculoskeletal pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain following discharge, dental pain (surgical or nonsurgical), pain due to kidney stones, and pain due to sickle cell disease. Meta-analyses were conducted on pharmacologic therapy for dental pain and kidney stone pain, and likelihood of repeat or rescue medication use and adverse events. The magnitude of effects was classified as small, moderate, or large using previously defined criteria, and strength of evidence was assessed. Results. One hundred eighty-three RCTs on the comparative effectiveness of therapies for acute pain were included. Opioid therapy was probably less effective than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for surgical dental pain and kidney stones, and might be similarly effective as NSAIDs for low back pain. Opioids and NSAIDs were more effective than acetaminophen for surgical dental pain, but opioids were less effective than acetaminophen for kidney stone pain. For postoperative pain, opioids were associated with increased likelihood of repeat or rescue analgesic use, but effects on pain intensity were inconsistent. Being prescribed an opioid for acute low back pain or postoperative pain was associated with increased likelihood of use of opioids at long-term followup versus not being prescribed, based on observational studies. Heat therapy was probably effective for acute low back pain, spinal manipulation might be effective for acute back pain with radiculopathy, acupressure might be effective for acute musculoskeletal pain, an opioid might be effective for acute neuropathic pain, massage might be effective for some types of postoperative pain, and a cervical collar or exercise might be effective for acute neck pain with radiculopathy. Most studies had methodological limitations. Effect sizes were primarily small to moderate for pain, the most commonly evaluated outcome. Opioids were associated with increased risk of short-term adverse events versus NSAIDs or acetaminophen, including any adverse event, nausea, dizziness, and somnolence. Serious adverse events were uncommon for all interventions, but studies were not designed to assess risk of overdose, opioid use disorder, or long-term harms. Evidence on how benefits or harms varied in subgroups was lacking. Conclusions. Opioid therapy was associated with decreased or similar effectiveness as an NSAID for some acute pain conditions, but with increased risk of short-term adverse events. Evidence on nonpharmacological therapies was limited, but heat therapy, spinal manipulation, massage, acupuncture, acupressure, a cervical collar, and exercise were effective for specific acute pain conditions. Research is needed to determine the comparative effectiveness of therapies for sickle cell pain, acute neuropathic pain, neck pain, and management of postoperative pain following discharge; effects of therapies for acute pain on non-pain outcomes; effects of therapies on long-term outcomes, including long-term opioid use; and how benefits and harms of therapies vary in subgroups.
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Viguri, Sofía, Sandra López Tovar, Mariel Juárez Olvera, and Gloria Visconti. Analysis of External Climate Finance Access and Implementation: CIF, FCPF, GCF and GEF Projects and Programs by the Inter-American Development Bank. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003008.

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In response to the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the IDB Group Board of Governors endorsed the target of increasing climate-related financing in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) from 15% in 2015 to 30% of the IDB Groups combined total approvals by 2020. Currently, the IDB Group is on track to meet this commitment, as in 2018, it financed nearly US$5 billion in climate-change-related activities benefiting LAC, which accounted for 27% of total IDB Groups annual approvals. In 2019, the overall volume and proportion of climate finance in new IDBG approvals have increased to 29%. As the IDB continues to strive towards this goal by using its funds to ramp-up climate action, it also acknowledges that tackling climate change is an objective shared with the rest of the international community. For the past ten years, strategic partnerships have been forged with external sources of finance that are also looking to invest in low-carbon and climate-resilient development. Doing this has contributed to the Banks objective of mobilizing additional resources for climate action while also strengthening its position as a leading partner to accelerate climate innovation in many fields. From climate-smart technologies and resilient infrastructure to institutional reform and financial mechanisms, IDB's use of external sources of finance is helping countries in LAC advance toward meeting their international climate change commitments. This report collects a series of insights and lessons learned by the IDB in the preparation and implementation of projects with climate finance from four external sources: the Climate Investment Funds (CIF), the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF), the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). It includes a systematic revision of their design and their progress on delivery, an assessment of broader impacts (scale-up, replication, and contributions to transformational change/paradigm shift), and a set of recommendations to optimize the access and use of these funds in future rounds of climate investment. The insights and lessons learned collected in this publication can inform the design of short and medium-term actions that support “green recovery” through the mobilization of investments that promote decarbonization.
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Quak, Evert-jan. The Link Between Demography and Labour Markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.011.

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Abstract:
This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how demography affects labour markets (e.g. entrants, including youth and women) and labour market outcomes (e.g. capital-per-worker, life-cycle labour supply, human capital investments) in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the key findings is that the fast-growing population in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to affect the ability to get productive jobs and in turn economic growth. This normally happens when workers move from traditional (low productivity agriculture and household businesses) sectors into higher productivity sectors in manufacturing and services. In theory the literature shows that lower dependency ratios (share of the non-working age population) should increase output per capita if labour force participation rates among the working age population remain unchanged. If output per worker stays constant, then a decline in dependency ratio would lead to a rise in income per capita. Macro simulation models for sub-Saharan Africa estimate that capital per worker will remain low due to consistently low savings for at least the next decades, even in the low fertility scenario. Sub-Saharan African countries seem too poor for a quick rise in savings. As such, it is unlikely that a lower dependency ratio will initiate a dramatic increase in labour productivity. The literature notes the gender implications on labour markets. Most women combine unpaid care for children with informal and low productive work in agriculture or family enterprises. Large family sizes reduce their productive labour years significantly, estimated at a reduction of 1.9 years of productive participation per woman for each child, that complicates their move into more productive work (if available). If the transition from high fertility to low fertility is permanent and can be established in a relatively short-term period, there are long-run effects on female labour participation, and the gains in income per capita will be permanent. As such from the literature it is clear that the effect of higher female wages on female labour participation works to a large extent through reductions in fertility.
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