Journal articles: 'Shortage of labour'

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Rawe, Kathryn. "Labour shortage." Nursing Standard 25, no. 31 (April 6, 2011): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.25.31.20.s27.

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Cseh Papp, Imola, Norbert Bozsik, and Erika Varga. "A review of the tendencies and challenges in the European Union labour market." Contemporary Research on Organization Management and Administration 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33605/croma-022018-013.

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Purpose – The paper presents the phenomenon of the past decade (2008-2018) that shaped the labour market all over Europe and also points out the differences lying beneath with the changes generated in the post-crisis period. In the context of this study this literature review is intended to provide a theoretical background for the development of a piece of research revealing the new labour market phenomena. Design/methodology/approach – The study first examines theoretical frameworks, solutions, and their practical operation through international experience. Findings – The economic crisis, initially of financial nature, had its percussions felt on the state budget and went on to real economy. Its consequences were also felt on the labour market. According to global experience, modern economies and societies are facing several challenges including unemployment, labour shortage and underemployment at the same time, in spite of the fact that the level of employment has significantly been rising in the past few years. Research limitations/implications – We applied an abductive approach. The reconstruction of past events is based on abduction, as we can deduce the events from their consequences and impacts on the present. Practical implications – Both unemployment, labor shortages and underemployment result in unfavorable economic conditions in a country. It is of utmost importance to effectively address these phenomena in order to reduce and control their negative effects. Originality/Value – Our study deals with the impact of employment on the labour market, the three key phenomena of the labor market: labour shortages, chnages in underemployment and international migration (labour migration) in European Union countries. Analysis is needed because conscious economic policy begins timely preparations for these changes. Keywords: job vacancy, labour market, labour shortage, migration, underemployment Research type (choose one): research paper JEL classification: J24, J62

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Akomah, Benjamin Boahene, Laud Kwamina Ahinaquah, and Zakari Mustapha. "Skilled Labour Shortage in the Building Construction Industry Within the Central Region." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjreecm-2020-0006.

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AbstractSkilled labour shortage is the shortfall of workforce in specific trades or shortage of workforce with requisite skills. The paper seeks to identify areas where there are skilled labour shortages in the building construction industry within the Central Region. A survey research approach was employed to get the study population that consisted of project managers, site engineers, site foremen and engineers working with contactors. Questionnaires were designed based on the research specific objectives and used as the main instrument for data collection. Findings from the study revealed that the shortage of skilled manpower was from painters and decorators, electricians and tile workers. Further findings showed that skilled labour shortage was caused by socio–economic conditions, external forces, job attractiveness, job characteristics, job satisfaction, industry limitations and personal factors. Employees should be encouraged to develop their trade competences and change their attitude to work, while employers should build their manpower base through training.

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Boeri, Tito, and Mark Keese. "From labour shortage to labour shedding: Labour markets in central and Eastern Europe." Communist Economies and Economic Transformation 4, no. 3 (January 1992): 373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631379208427729.

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Gershon, Diane. "Germany faces up to its labour shortage." Nature 405, no. 6786 (June 2000): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35014685.

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Drake-Brockman, Allan, and Daniel White. "Labour and productivity: exploring alternative solutions." APPEA Journal 52, no. 2 (2012): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj11065.

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A serious skills shortage and increasing wage rates with no apparent increase in productivity is facing Australia’s oil and gas industry. The measures announced in the 2011–12 Federal Budget on 10 May do not appear to address the skills shortage crisis and may affect the viability of some projects.This extended abstract proposes some solutions to alleviate the existing skills shortages facing offshore resource projects. It also discusses some of the structural inefficiencies in the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) that is contributing to these issues.Under the Regional Sponsored Migration Scheme, the Federal Budget included an increase of skilled migration from 10,000–16,000 places in 2011–12. This is in contrast to the calls from Western Australia’s resources industry suggesting about 33,000 workers will be needed by the end of this year. The major changes to Australian labour laws brought by the FW Act is said to have resulted in uncertainty about some projects.Evidence of the shift to a collective (enterprise) bargaining framework based on delivering productivity increases is not yet available. An enhanced role for union officials seems to have resulted in an increase in union power and union influence in enterprise bargaining. This may be a reason for wage blow-outs in the oil and gas industry.

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SIMELANE, HAMILTON SIPHO. "Labour Migration, Labour Shortage, and Employer Response in Swaziland, 1935–1945." South African Historical Journal 44, no. 1 (May 2001): 163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582470108671392.

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Dai, Jiukun, and Paul M. Goodrum. "Generational differences on craft workers’ perceptions of the factors affecting labour productivity1This paper is one of a selection of papers in this Special Issue on Construction Engineering and Management." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 39, no. 9 (September 2012): 1018–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l2012-053.

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Although the current economic downturn has eased the stress of broad skilled labour shortages, it is reasonable to believe that the shortage will return when the U.S. economy rebounds. The shortage could become more substantial because the U.S. construction industry is poised to make a significant demographic shift with Baby Boomer workers approaching retirement and Generation Y workers joining the workforce. This paper investigates how different generations of craft workers perceive the factors affecting labour productivity. The data was collected through a survey of 1996 craft workers on 28 U.S. construction sites in 2004 and 2005. The analysis results reveal that: (1) Generation Y, Generation X, and Baby Boomers actually have consensus on the relative impact of productivity factors; and (2) significant differences were also observed on individual productivity factors and the primary differences among the generations were associated with tools and consumables, labour, engineering drawing management, and project policy.

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Satishkumar, M., and K. B. Umesh. "Farmers Strategies to Cope Labour Shortage in Northern and Southern Dry Zones of Karnataka, India." Current Agriculture Research Journal 6, no. 2 (June 28, 2018): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.6.2.10.

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This study aimed to analyze the strategies adopted by the farmers to overcome the labour shortage in Sindhanur taluk of Raichur district and Mandya taluk of Mandya district. Random sample of 120 farmers each from the taluk were selected for the study. Opinion survey was conducted and results revealed that mechanization of agricultural operations, shifting towards less labour required crops, hiring labour from outside the village and intensive use of family labour are the major strategies adopted by farmers to overcome labour shortage. Mechanization in agriculture helped to solve the labour shortage. Therefore, this study concludes that the awareness among farmers should be created about existence of custom hiring centres and they should be encouraged to use it through self help groups based on subsidized rates.

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Tiwasing, Pattanapong. "Brexit and skill shortages: an empirical analysis of UK SMEs." Economics and Business Letters 10, no. 1 (February 21, 2021): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/ebl.10.1.2021.9-15.

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This paper examines the perspectives of SMEs on Brexit and skill shortages using cross-sectional data of 2,969 SMEs from a UK Government’s Small Business survey for 2016. The logistic regression with clustered standard errors is applied to analyse the association between SMEs considering Brexit as a major business obstacle and the probability of SMEs identifying skill shortages in their businesses. The results show that firms with a shortage of managerial skills/expertise have a 6.5% higher probability to report that Brexit will affect their businesses, followed by difficulties in staff recruitment (4.5%) and shortage of skills within external labour markets (3.8%). Policy recommendations are provided.

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Kalirajan, K. P., and G. Shantakumar. "Ageing labour force in a labour shortage economy: the case of Singapore." International Journal of Social Economics 25, no. 2/3/4 (March 1998): 486–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068299810193704.

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Sziráczki, György. "Employment policy and labour market in transition: From labour shortage to unemployment." Soviet Studies 42, no. 4 (October 1990): 701–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668139008411897.

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Knight, John, Quheng Deng, and Shi Li. "The puzzle of migrant labour shortage and rural labour surplus in China." China Economic Review 22, no. 4 (December 2011): 585–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2011.01.006.

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14

Murphy, Michael. "From labour shortage to unemployment? The Soviet labour market in the 1980s." Journal of Comparative Economics 16, no. 2 (June 1992): 382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-5967(92)90160-9.

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15

Brucker Juricic, Belinda, Mario Galic, and Sasa Marenjak. "Review of the Construction Labour Demand and Shortages in the EU." Buildings 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11010017.

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This paper reviews the recent literature on skill and labour shortages in the labour market with special emphasis on the construction sector in the European Union Member States, foreseeing the Construction 4.0 era. The free movement of people is one of the rights of all citizens of the EU which also includes the free movement of workers. Labour shortages in the EU are expected to increase in the future due to a declining population and an ageing workforce. In order to recognize and forecast labour shortages, EU Member states use a variety of instruments but they do not answer as to whether it is possible to use migrant labour to appease those shortages. There are several systems used to classify labour shortages in the EU Member states. Most of the countries classify labour shortages in relation to different sectors or occupation groups as well as by skill levels, but in some Member States, classification is made according to the type of employment. Instruments used to measure labour shortages significantly differ from country to country. Several criteria are used for creating lists of shortage occupations and most of the criteria include demand side and supply side criteria. A majority of the Member States are facing labour and skill shortages in various sectors and the construction sector is not an exception. As total employment in the construction sector decreased, so did the share of employed migrants. Labour shortages in the construction sector can be eased by the availability of a labour supply willing to accept unqualified and low-paying jobs. The construction sector seeks low-, medium-, and high-skilled individuals and is most likely the sector where most of the incoming migrants will be working, which has an impact on the development and implementation dynamic of Construction 4.0.

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., Abdul Rahim Abdul Hamid. "THE CONSTRUCTION LABOUR SHORTAGE IN JOHOR BAHRU, MALAYSIA." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 02, no. 10 (October 25, 2013): 508–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2013.0210078.

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NIELSEN, INGRID, and CAI FANG. "DEMOGRAPHIC SHIFT AND PROJECTED LABOUR SHORTAGE IN CHINA." Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 26, no. 3 (September 2007): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.2007.tb00432.x.

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Preut, Holger. "Dealing with Youth Unemployment and Skilled Labour Shortage." Zeitschrift der Koreanisch-Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Sozialwissenschaften 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.19032/zkdgs.2015.03.25.1.235.

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Aiyetan, Olatunji Ayodeji, and Das Dillip. "System Dynamics Approach to Mitigating Skilled Labour Shortages in the Construction Industry: A South Africa Context." Construction Economics and Building 18, no. 4 (December 12, 2018): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v18i4.6041.

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Skilled labour shortage in construction industry is a major challenge in South Africa. Therefore, the objective of the study is to assess the factors that cause skilled labour shortage, its consequent effects on the construction industries and how the scenario can be improved. The study was conducted by considering construction industry in the Eastern Cape of South Africa and using a survey research method and conceptual System Dynamics (SD) modelling. Findings reveals that investment, wage challenges, talent management, work environment, training, experience, and Government policy are the important challenges for the skilled labour shortage. Inadequacy of skilled labour considerably impacts the quality of work, productivity, and scheduling. The causal loop diagrams show that enhancement in investment in the labour wages will strengthen the availability of skilled labourers leading to higher productivity, and vice versa. Talent management based on appropriate recruitment and retention policy, staff development programmes and investment in these aspects will augment the skilled labour pool. Also, a better work environment through a policy of health and safety, investment in working condition and supported by Government policy will reduce the attrition of the labourer because of job dissatisfaction, which consequently will reduce the skilled labour shortage in the industry.

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Azmi, Tazifuzin, and Dani Salleh. "A REVIEW ON TVET CURRICULUM PRACTICES IN MALAYSIA." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 6, no. 40 (June 25, 2021): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.640003.

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The Malaysian labour market traditionally experiencing a shortage of skilled human resources. Labour shortages in the country, especially in the technical fields have resulted in more foreign engineers were recruited in many areas, especially those that need technical ability. Because of the poor education and training system, the workforce is mostly made up of less-qualified workers. This has created critical skills gaps in almost all sectors of the Malaysian economy. TVET provides specific work to people by learning the principles of technology through extensive educational knowledge following a more specific skill training process.

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Lam, Kit-Chun, and Pak-Wai Liu. "Labour Shortage in Hong Kong: Causes, Consequences and Policies*." Asian Economic Journal 9, no. 1 (March 1995): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8381.1995.tb00026.x.

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Kale, Madhavi. "Making a Labour Shortage in Post-Abolition British Guyana." Itinerario 21, no. 1 (March 1997): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300022701.

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On 4 January 1836, less than two and a half years after Parliament abolished slavery in British colonies, John Gladstone, Liverpool merchant and father of William Ewart Gladstone, dictated a letter to his nephew at the Calcutta shipping agency Gillanders, Arbuthnot & Co. Gladstone explained that he had heard that the firm had recently sent ‘a considerable number of a certain class of Bengalees, to be employed as labourers, to the Mauritius’, and that he was interested in exploring the possibility of making similar arrangements for certain colonies in the West Indies, where he himself owned sugar plantations.

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23

Matloff, Norman. "Immigration and the tech industry: As a labour shortage remedy, for innovation, or for cost savings?" Migration Letters 10, no. 2 (May 31, 2013): 201–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v10i2.144.

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The two main reasons cited by the U.S. tech industry for hiring foreign workers--remedying labour shortages and hiring "the best and the brightest"--are investigated, using data on wages, patents, and R&D work, as well as previous research and industry statements. The analysis shows that the claims of shortage and outstanding talent are not supported by the data, even after excluding the Indian IT service firms. Instead, it is shown that the primary goals of employers in hiring foreign workers are to reduce labour costs and to obtain "indentured" employees. Current immigration policy is causing an ‘Internal Brain Drain’ in STEM.

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Gimpel'son, Vladimir E. "From Labour Shortage to Unemployment: Soviet Workers' Attitudes about Possible Changes in Labour Relations." Labour 5, no. 3 (December 1991): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.1991.tb00046.x.

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Boothby, Daniel. "Schooling, Literacy and the Labour Market: Towards a 'Literacy Shortage'?" Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 19, no. 1 (March 1993): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3551788.

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WANG, Zhikai. "China's “labour shortage” and migrant workers' lack of social security." International Labour Review 153, no. 4 (December 2014): 649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1564-913x.2014.00219.x.

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Choi, Susanne YP, and Yinni Peng. "Humanized management? Capital and migrant labour in a time of labour shortage in South China." Human Relations 68, no. 2 (October 9, 2014): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726714541162.

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Abdalla, Ibrahim Mohamed, Mohammed A. Al-Waqfi, Nasri Harb, Rafiq H. Hijazi, and Taoufik Zoubeidi. "Labour Policy and Determinants of Employment and Wages in a Developing Economy with Labour Shortage." LABOUR 24, no. 2 (May 18, 2010): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.2010.00474.x.

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Dainty, Andrew R. J., Stephen G. Ison, and David S. Root. "Averting the Construction Skills Crisis: A Regional Approach." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 20, no. 1 (February 2005): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269094042000300560.

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The East Midlands construction industry is currently suffering from a severe skills shortage across its craft, professional and managerial occupations. The lack of available capacity within the regional labour market coupled with the poor image of the sector, call into question the industry's ability to cope with the levels of new orders and output growth predicted over the next few years. In this paper, it is argued that the casualised nature of the industry's labour market has rendered national, ‘top-down’ labour market policy measures ineffective in addressing the industry's skills concerns. This hypothesis has been explored through research that canvassed the opinions of key industry stakeholders as to the actions necessary to avert the region's skills crisis. This was achieved through a series of focus groups and workshops involving over 150 individuals with a vested interest in the region's construction skills situation. The insights emerging from the analysis suggested that bespoke regional and sub-regional labour market policies are required to avert the current skills shortage. The recommendations provided by the participants were used as the basis for a strategic package of measures that are currently being implemented across the region's five counties. This strategy aims to join-up hitherto disparate labour market measures within a single centrally coordinated framework. Nevertheless, overcoming the industry's fragmented structure remains an obstacle to resolving successfully the East Midlands' construction skills shortage.

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Patavardhan, Roopa, and D. S. Leelavathi. "Dynamics of Indian Rural Labour Supply: Causes and Consequences of Farm Labour Shortage on Agricultural Development." Arthshastra : Indian Journal of Economics & Research 2, no. 5 (October 1, 2013): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/aijer/2013/v2i5/54530.

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Howe, Joanna. "Is the Net Cast Too Wide? An Assessment of Whether the Regulatory Design of the 457 Visa Meets Australia's Skill Needs." Federal Law Review 41, no. 3 (September 2013): 443–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22145/flr.41.3.3.

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With increasing use of skilled temporary migration by employers and its significant influence upon Australia's permanent migration intake, the 457 visa has far-reaching implications — both for the domestic labour market and for the long-term composition of the Australian population. The scheme was introduced in 1996 to facilitate the temporary migration of skilled overseas workers to alleviate domestic skill shortages. Predicated upon a premise of business demand, the scheme allows employers to sponsor overseas workers whose occupations are on the Consolidated Sponsored Occupation List. Verification of whether the employer's attestation of a skill shortage is genuine is provided through employer-conducted labour market testing for certain occupations and the market salary rates requirement. This article questions whether these regulatory mechanisms are effective for ensuring the 457 visa program meets its objectives.

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Mohamed, Marwan, Erika Anneli Pärn, and David John Edwards. "Brexit: measuring the impact upon skilled labour in the UK construction industry." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 35, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-05-2017-0023.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an understanding of the potential impact of Brexit upon the UK construction industry. Specifically, the work analyses the construction industry’s reliance upon European Union (EU) skilled labour and seeks to determine the potential impact that Brexit poses upon EU skilled labour entering the sector. Design/methodology/approach A perceptual questionnaire survey was used to elicit responses from construction professionals using the two techniques of opportunity and snowballing non-probability sampling. Summary statistical analysis of Boolean and Likert item scale data accrued was employed to elucidate upon respondents’ perceptions. Findings The majority of survey participants either “strongly agreed” or “agreed” that the UK construction industry relies upon EU skilled labour and that a career in the sector would not be attractive for foreign skilled labour post-Brexit. Future research proposed includes: predicting future trends in labour supply and demand and deriving new policies to address skills shortage imbalances that may be created by Brexit. Originality/value Original insight into an historic and unprecedented moment for the UK construction industry is presented. The work also provides pragmatic recommendations to policy makers and Higher Education Institutes to prevent the risk of Brexit further exacerbating skilled labour shortages within the industry.

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Moskvina, Julija, and Laima Okunevičiūtė Neverauskienė. "Vulnerable Groups at Lithuanian Labour Market." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 14, no. 4 (May 11, 2012): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10103-011-0026-y.

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Despite the economic growth and favourable situation in national labour market in 2004-2008 in Lithuania several groups of population still had restricted access to employment. The period of economic recession has revealed sore problems of vulnerable groups in the labor market. Based on statistical data and the research the dynamics of the situation of disabled, youth and older people situation in the labor market are examined in this article as well as the main obstacles to their participation. The increased number of the research aimed to analyse the situation of vulnerable groups in Lithuania and still persisting severe problems in national labour market stimulated to inventory recently cumulated knowledge about the groups that are at the high risk for unemployment. The research review covers studies conducted in the period between 2004 and 2010. It includes surveys carried out by competent researchers by the request of public authorities or other concerned authorities as well as doctoral dissertations. The groups of socially vulnerable people most often analysed in the labour market in Lithuania include the following: disabled, youth, and older people. The review showed that special research on labour market risk groups is the valuable search of information, whereas the shortage of statistical information has been noticed in the country. Further examination of the issues of the mechanisms to integrate and reintegrate the vulnerable groups into labour market is purposeful.

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Gunabhagya, Amrutha T. Joshi, Suresh S. Patil, and G. N. Maraddi. "Agricultural Labour Shortage: An Abysmal to Agriculture in North Eastern Karnataka." Economic Affairs 62, no. 4 (2017): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-4666.2017.00071.7.

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Colclough, Christopher, and Martin Godfrey. "The Economics of Labour Shortage: Three Case Studies from Northern Borneo." IDS Bulletin 17, no. 4 (October 1986): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1986.mp17004008.x.

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Shekatunov, Oleg V., and Konstantin G. Malykhin. "Industrial Labour Force of Russia in 20-30s of XX Century in Russian Historiography." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 7 (July 30, 2020): 431–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-7-431-449.

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The article is devoted to the specifics of studying the industrial labour force of Russia in the 1920s - 1930s in Russian historiography. The various stages of study from the 1920s through the 1930s and up to the last years are concerned. The relevance of the study is due to several factors. These include contradictions in the assessments of Bolshevik modernization of the 1920s and 1930s; projected labour force shortages in modern Russia; as well as the existing labour force shortage in industry at the moment. This determines the relevance of studying the historical period, which was characterized by the most acute personnel problems in the country. The novelty of the study is due to the fact that in modern Russian historiography there is no holistic, integrated view of the problems of the labour force potential formation of Russian industry in the 1920s and 1930s. It is noted that there is no research aimed at analyzing the historiography of these problems. The main stages of the study of industrial labour force are highlighted. The analysis of scientific works correlated with each stage of the study of the topic is performed. The problems and methodology of each stage are considered. A review of a wide range of scientific papers both articles and thesis is presented.

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Thomson, Alexander, Michael Veall, and Arthur Sweetman. "Is There Evidence of an Information and Communication Technology Labour Shortage in the Canadian Labour Force Survey?" Canadian Public Policy 44, S1 (November 2018): S1—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2017-070.

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Goode, Peter. "Adopting an integrated service-model approach to overcome the skills shortage." APPEA Journal 52, no. 2 (2012): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj11063.

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The Australian Government reports 80 planned or approved projects in the Australian resources sector will see demand for skilled labour increase by 70% by 2020. That is an estimated 70,000 new construction jobs and 16,000 ongoing positions in the sector. Several well-documented, proposed strategies address this skills shortage. One strategy that warrants closer attention is the Integrated Services Contract Model. This model allows a coordinated approach to resource planning and management across multiple sites and projects; it is being successfully used across the oil and gas, mining, and manufacturing industries. This approach is delivering improved safety, quality, and scheduling while reducing total costs as well as facilitating skilled-labour supply. Companies such as Santos are championing this model to level the resource profile and optimise its operations and assets across the Cooper and Eromanga Basins during five years. The steel manufacturing and mining industries are also using this approach, and the lessons are transferable. It has also been used by Woodside successfully for the past 15 years. An integrated services model relies on strategies such as asset management to better manage maintenance and shutdown requirements during an asset’s life-cycle, and a program-of-works approach across multiple sites and projects to identify essential versus non-essential work to reduce stress on the same labour pool. Remote and regional locations are also driving innovative solutions such as applying technology for remote site monitoring to reduce on-site manning requirements.

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Ebert, Andreas, and Ernst Kistler. "Demographie und Demagogie." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 37, no. 146 (March 1, 2007): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v37i146.525.

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In recent years population forecasts receive increasing interest. Extreme scenarios are frequently misused to serve political interests. However, especially long-term forecasts contain substantial uncertainties. The main focus of this article is on the myth of an impending labour shortage induced by demographic change. As shown, the main challenge for the labour market – even in the long run – will not be a decreasing but an ageing workforce. Coping with such labour market trends requires greater efforts in strengthening „employability“.

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Sawada, Aiko. "The Nurse Shortage Problem in Japan." Nursing Ethics 4, no. 3 (May 1997): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309700400309.

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This article discusses the serious problem of the shortage of about 50 000 nurses in Japan today. If efficient measures to solve it are not adopted by administrators, it is clear that the shortage will become still more alarming in the future, in a society with more people in advanced years and in which the numbers in the younger generation will decrease from now on. The main factors behind the Japanese nursing labour shortage are, among others: a rapid increase in the number of hospital beds between 1986 and 1989; poor working conditions; and nurses’ low social position in their places of work. Behind these factors, there has always been a contempt for the art of nursing in our society. Why has Japanese society made light of nursing? Three points can be identified: traditional discrimination against women; our disregard for a religious mentality; and our short history of hospital nursing. To overcome these problems, we must first of all change fundamentally our sense of values, such as love for one another and compassion. We must now reconstruct a caring culture in our society.

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Munro, Lauchlan T. "Technology Choice in Bhutan: Labour Shortage, Aid Dependence, and a Mountain Environment." Mountain Research and Development 9, no. 1 (February 1989): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3673461.

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Ayentimi, Desmond Tutu, John Burgess, and Kantha Dayaram. "Skilled labour shortage: a qualitative study of Ghana’s training and apprenticeship system." Human Resource Development International 21, no. 5 (March 16, 2018): 406–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2018.1447881.

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Brown, J. David. "Excess labour and managerial shortage: Findings from a survey in St Petersburg." Europe-Asia Studies 48, no. 5 (July 1996): 811–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668139608412383.

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Chaloff, Jonathan. "Evidence-based regulation of labour migration in OECD countries: setting quotas, selection criteria, and shortage lists." Migration Letters 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v11i1.166.

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The growing complexity of selection criteria for discretionary labour migration in OECD countries has been accompanied by an expanded demand for labour market analysis and consultation with stakeholders. While some features of general or detailed criteria may be fixed in legislation, numerical quotas or targets, shortage lists, and multiple-criteria points-based systems are generally subject to periodic review and revision based on labour market data and consultation with stakeholders. Official government bodies have maintained co-ordination of this process, with varying degrees of externalization. In most countries expertise is internal, with recourse to external mandated bodies rare. In almost all cases, however, the process is designed to promote consensus around the policy while maintaining political control.

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TYAZHELNIKOVA, VICTORIA. "The value of domestic labour in Russia, 1965–1986." Continuity and Change 21, no. 1 (May 2006): 159–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026841600600587x.

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This article analyses the labour activities of urban households in Russia during the period from 1965 to 1986. Labour strategies were oriented towards domestic labour and participation in subsidiary agriculture in order to compensate for the persistent shortage of food, consumer goods and services. In spite of the highest women's employment in world history, such a situation helped to preserve the traditional pattern of labour-sharing at home between family members and led to significant gender differences in the time spent on domestic labour. Towards the end of the period, the time spent by women on domestic work was shortened by the advent of home appliances, rather than by any redistribution of tasks between genders.

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Molyneux, Tonje. "Preparing teachers for emotional labour: The missing piece in teacher education." Journal of Teaching and Learning 15, no. 1 (May 26, 2021): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/jtl.v15i1.6333.

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A quality education for all children and youth is required for the continued advancement of modern civilization. But this outcome is threatened by a growing international teacher shortage. Increased rates of teacher attrition and reduced rates of enrollment in teacher education programs are driving this shortage; however, research suggests that teacher candidates’ lack of preparation for the emotional labour of teaching is another important contributing factor, one which can be addressed in teacher education programs. The aim of this paper is to explore this problem and surface potential solutions. First, the social historical context of teaching is explored as an entry point to inquiry into this topic. Next, through discussion of the emotional nature of teaching, the thesis that teacher candidates must be prepared to handle the emotional labour of teaching during their teacher education program is advanced. Then, a review of the literature surfaces three key content areas which if addressed during teacher preparation can help prepare teacher candidates to handle the emotional labour of teaching: identity development, emotions and teaching, and social-emotional competence. Finally, these components are included in a theory of change for a new program that could be integrated into existing teacher education programs.

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Poinsot, Flavia. "Ricardo and Haberler: an essay on the evolution of the economic thought based on the four magic numbers in the international trade theory." Estudios económicos 38, no. 77 (May 3, 2021): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.estudecon.2021.2657.

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The Ricardian comparative advantage is one key cornerstone in the international trade theory. There is no shortage of textbooks supposing that Ricardo used solely labour as a factor of production. This approach originates with Haberler in the 1930s, who wrote that Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage is robust, but not the labor-cost doctrine, which, Haberler assumed, Ricardo applied. This paper summarizes why Haberler’s perspective emerged, essaying an explanation of his way of interpreting Ricardo. To do this, we considered the new research on Ricardo, whose facets to be known seem to renew over time and never end.

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Lutte, Rebecca. "AN INVESTIGATION OF THE UNITED STATES AIRLINE PILOT LABOUR SUPPLY." Journal of Air Transport Studies 5, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 53–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.38008/jats.v5i2.68.

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Over the next 20 years, the United States airline industry is expected to hire in excess of 95,000 pilots. This hiring will be the result of new aircraft growth, pilot retirements, and pilot attrition from the industry for reasons other than retirement. In addition, government regulations may also cause an increase in the number of new pilots required. Given this increased demand, will there be enough new pilots to ensure a long-term and continuous supply? The purpose of this research is to examine the supply and demand for US airline pilots. Several new considerations are having an impact on future supply and demand of airline pilots including cost of training, growth, retirement, regulatory changes, and slowing supply of military pilots. The methodology provides an empirical analysis of the pilot labor supply in the US. A multivariate regression model was developed to forecast demand. To explore supply, a variety of data sources have been included and a survey was implemented. The results of the study indicate that the US airline industry will experience a shortage of approximately 35,000 pilots for the 2013 to 2031 time period. The impact of the shortage on regional and major airlines is examined. Possible solutions are discussed.

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Jaquet, Stéphanie, Thomas Kohler, and Gudrun Schwilch. "Labour Migration in the Middle Hills of Nepal: Consequences on Land Management Strategies." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (March 4, 2019): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051349.

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Labour migration in Nepal is having profound effects on land management. We take two examples from the hills of Nepal where the increasing trend in outmigration continues unabated and explore its consequences. The purpose of this study is to understand the impacts of the subsequent labour shortage on land management and how it affects households. We used data from two surveys and assessed land use change and degradation with a qualitative mapping method. The findings show that the local context leads to very different strategies in terms of land management. In one study area, land was left to lie fallow without any use, leading to overgrowth and forest recovery due to favourable climate conditions. In the other, land was no longer used as cropland but turned into grazing land with consequences such as land degradation. This study provides strong empirical data and also contributes to the mountain research community by shedding light on the effects of outmigration on land management in the hills of Nepal. We suggest that these effects, including the labour shortage and the increasingly important role of remittances, should be addressed in an integrative but differentiated way that takes into account the regional context.

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Pugno, Maurizio. "A kaldorian model of economic growth with labour shortage and major technical changes." Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 7, no. 4 (December 1996): 429–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0954-349x(96)00061-6.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Shortage of labour'

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