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Journal articles on the topic 'Shortened words'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Boltayeva, Mekhrangiz Khaydarovna. "SHORTENED WORDS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGES." INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3, no. 6 (2023): 1366–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8085921.

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Shortened words are abbreviations and contractions. Shortened phrases can be acronyms or initialisms. Symbols are used to represent words, concepts and units of measurement. This article describes shortened and their types of formation in English language.

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2

Elmurod Umrzoqovich, Tursunov. "TRANSLATION OF SHORTENED WORDS IN THE TERMINOLOGY OF SURGERY." International Journal of Business, Law, and Education 2, no. 2 (2021): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v2i2.15.

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The aim of article is to discuss and illustrate special features of translating surgery terms and their interpretation. Following the aspect, it covers common features on the special translation comprising: abbreviations, acronyms, shortened words and their types within the terms of surgery. Therefore it is crucial issue for translators to have ample knowledge and idea on surgery; medical background information and acquainting with special acronyms in international medical filed. The paper constitutes supported examples as well as samples on the provided theme. The readers can get enough data

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3

Tanzila Abbas, Abdul Rasheed Soomro, and Ishfaque Ahmed Abbasi. "The Impact of Shortened Words Usage on Communication Effectiveness among Pakistan’s University Students." Journal of Arts and Linguistics Studies 3, no. 1 (2025): 59–66. https://doi.org/10.71281/jals.v3i1.207.

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The main purpose of the present research study entitled “The Impact of Shortened Words Usage on Communication Effectiveness among Pakistan’s University Students” was to explore the impact of shortened word usage on communication effectiveness among university students. This study utilized a content analysis approach, and the research population was the final examination papers of the MPhil English linguistics students at a private university in Lahore city. The sample size was contained on twenty-eight examination papers of twenty-eight students from both male and female genders. The researche

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4

Fattoeva, Zarina Rakhmatovna. "DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES OF SHORTENED WORDS AND ABBREVIATIONS IN LINGUISTICS." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH 2, no. 6 (2022): 263–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6629699.

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Linguistics is an independent science that studies the language of mankind, studies the emergence and development of language, language and thought, the relationship between language and society, the role of language in society, its internal structure - the classification of language, the methods of its analysis and the like. In this article, the abbreviations that are considered to be the part of linguistics, the concepts of abbreviation, the rules of their legalization, as well as the aspects of difference and similarity, are discussed.

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Nazman, Nur Nashatul Nasuha, Su-Hie Ting, and Kee-Man Chuah. "Uncovering Factors Influencing Millennials’ Use of Non-Standard Words in Twitter." Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication 38, no. 4 (2022): 397–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkmjc-2022-3804-22.

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Social media communication has its own language features and one aspect is modified spelling of standard words. Social media users use shortened words with full awareness of the meanings, and new non-standard words are constantly added to the repertoire of social media language. A pertinent question is whether social media users learn these non-standard words to use or whether they also contribute to the vocabulary used in social media communication. The study examined Malaysian millennials’ use of non-standard words in Twitter and their reasons for shortening words. For the non-standard words

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Saady, Dilovan Sayfuddin. "REDUCED CLAUSES IN ENGLISH AND KURDISH." Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities 27, no. 5 (2020): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.27.5.2020.24.

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The present research focuses on reduction of clauses .Two types of clause(adjective and adverb clauses) are emphasized on for this purpose. Clause reduction means reducing clauses usually dependent clauses to phrases i.e to shorten clauses by removing some words in the clause to make phrases or shortened clauses.  The ways where the reduction is permitted are indicated .The purpose of the study is to mention the differences and similarities in the reduction of the clauses. This is the problem of the research as learners in general may not understand the comparison. The research is signif

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Sh.A, Shermatova. "Study of The Phenomenon of Economy in Korean And Uzbek Languages." American Journal of Philological Sciences 05, no. 04 (2025): 130–32. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/volume05issue04-32.

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This article examines the phenomenon of economy in the Korean and Uzbek languages. It explores the research works of linguists on language economy, focusing on the shortening of words, phonetic and morphological reductions. The study compares the linguistic principles of economy, highlighting different approaches in both languages, including the transformation of word forms and abbreviations. Key concepts like 줄임말 (shortened words) and 약어 (acronyms) are discussed in detail.

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Gabor, Elena. "Words matter: radio misunderstandings in wildland firefighting." International Journal of Wildland Fire 24, no. 4 (2015): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf13120.

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Unclear, ambiguous communication during a wildland fire can have serious consequences for firefighters' safety. This paper grounds its observations in media richness theory and the theory of communicative action. Radio is a less rich medium than video or face-to-face communication because it relies on hearing only and it requires a longer time to convey understanding. The theory of communicative action explains that effective messages should be true (content-wise), appropriate and truthful (expressive). This paper uses data from the investigation reports of the Cramer fire in Idaho, 2003, the

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Syarifah Salwa, Nadine Andara, Salma Syakira, Sheren Tsabita Aqilah, and Putri Mazaya Andika. "Penggunaan Bahasa Slang pada Postingan dan Kolom Komentar Media Sosial X di Era Gen Alpha." Protasis: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Budaya, dan Pengajarannya 3, no. 2 (2024): 70–85. https://doi.org/10.55606/protasis.v3i2.164.

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Slang is an informal language that is the result of individual or group creativity that is accepted and used by the wider community. Slang language among Generation Alpha emerged as a result of interactions on social media with the previous generation, namely Generation Z. Data collection methods were carried out by reading, taking notes and recording (screenshots). Researchers also counted how many times the slang language appeared on social media from the most frequently to the least frequently used in October 2024. In that period, 3,728 mewing words, 3,410 sigma words, 3,038 sus words, 2,66

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Pinckney, Nathaniel, and David M. Harris. "Parallelized Radix-4 Scalable Montgomery Multipliers." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 3, no. 1 (2008): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v3i1.280.

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This paper describes a parallelized radix-4 scalable Montgomery multiplier implementation. The design does not require hardware multipliers, and uses parallelized multiplication to shorten the critical path. By left-shifting the sources rather than right-shifting the result, the latency between processing elements is shortened from two cycles to nearly one. Multiplexers are used to select precomputed products. Carry-save adders propagate carry bits before words are discarded. The new design can perform 1024-bit modular exponentiation in 9.4 ms and 256-bit exponentiation in 0.38 ms using 4997 V

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11

Hao, Yifan. "A Study on the English Translation Strategies of Culture-loaded Expressions in Political Articles." Journal of Higher Education Research 3, no. 3 (2022): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jher.v3i3.890.

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The English version of Chinese political articles are the main source for foreigners to obtain China’s economic development and policy trends. It appears to be important to translate these Chinese words objectively and accurately, especially for the overseas publicity. On the basis of Eugene A. Nida’s functional equivalence theory, the translation strategies of the neologisms, shortened-form expressions, idioms and numerals are analyzed. And the flexibility of translation of Chinese culture-loaded words is discussed. Finally the different translation strategies in political essays are summed u

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Tatiana, Szczygłowska. "Tłumacz jak chirurg? Operacje na tekście medycznym: od resekcji po wydłużanie." Świat i Słowo 30, no. 1 (2019): 167–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2562726.

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The aim of the present article is to discuss the concept of the translator as a surgeon who in the process of translation, like a surgeon in the operating room, performs various operations on the source text. The translator shortens the original removing its fragments, makes it longer by implanting new words or solely changes the source language into the target one. Yet, the translator always leaves the text covered with scars for the sake of preserving the overall clarity of the message. The above issues are addressed in the context of medical translation and illustrated with examples showing

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RÜSTƏMOVA, Z. Ş. "QEYRİ-RƏSMİ YAZIŞMALARDA İŞLƏDİLƏN QISALTMALARIN ÜMUMİ SƏCİYYƏSİ." Actual Problems of study of humanities 1, no. 2024 (2024): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.62021/0026-0028.2024.1.094.

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Z.Sh.Rustamova The General Overview of Abbreviations Used in Informal Correspondence Summary In our information-rich modern age, the most optimal and appropriate way to communicate and correspond and to spend enough time answering them is to use abbreviations. English abbreviations are shortened forms of parts of speech. No matter how much information a person has, he tries to find different ways to reduce it, to transmit it in a more compressed and short form, in this sense, shortening words and phrases becomes an important factor. Key words: abbreviation, acronym, method, word-formation, uni

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Bueno, Orlando F. A., Paulo H. F. Bertolucci, Maria Gabriela M. Oliveira, and Jacqueline Abrisqueta-Gomez. "Effects of semantic relations, repetition of words, and list length in word list recall of Alzheimer's patients." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 66, no. 2b (2008): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2008000300005.

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INTRODUCTION: Semantic relations among words and repetition enhance free recall, but it is unknown if these facilitating factors are effective in dementia. METHOD: Alzheimer's patients (MILD-Alz, MOD-Alz) were compared to healthy elderly. Fifteen-word lists were read out to the subjects. In four sets of lists the words in intermediary input positions were semantically related or not, or the midlist words were repeated, or they were repeated and semantically related. RESULTS: The usual third peak of recall of semantically related words was not observed in MOD-Alz, repetition of words did not in

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15

Mos, Maria. "Complexe Woorden In Het Mentale Lexicon Van Kinderen." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 75 (January 1, 2006): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.75.06mos.

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Do children's representations of complex words in their mental lexicon have an internal structure, with the stem as a separate unit? De Jong et al (2000) found that adults recognize words with a large Family Size, i.e. words occurring in many derivations and compounds, faster than equally frequent words with a small Family Size. This result is an indication that the occurrence of a stem in complex words facilitates the recognition of this stem. This article investigates whether the Family-Size-effect extends to children's reaction times as well. Using a lexical decision task, the effect was ob

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Bailey, C. R., A. L. Goetsch, D. S. Hubbell, and C. F. Rosenkrans, Jr. "Effects of monensin on beef cow reproduction." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 88, no. 1 (2008): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas07082.

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This study was designed to evaluate the effects of monensin with or without grain supplementation on reproduction of beef cows consuming bermudagrass hay. Monensin supplemented at 200 mg head-1 d-1, with or without grain supplementation, shortened the period from calving to conception and increased calving percentage in beef cows consuming bermudagrass hay. Key words: Monensin, beef cows, reproduction

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17

Gustafson, Roland, and Torsten Norlander. "Psychometric Properties of a Paper-and-Pencil Test Measuring the Personality Trait of Persistence." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 3 (1996): 979–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3.979.

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A test measuring the behavioral aspects of the personality trait of persistence, The Persistent Effort Test, was constructed and psychometric properties assessed. The original version consisted of 12 items, each one a nonsense block of six letters. The task of 9 men and 9 women was to construct as many correct Swedish words as possible from letter combinations. The total time spent on this task and the number of correct words constituted the dependent variables. A Persistence Effort Quotient was calculated. The reliability calculated on the quotient for the 12-item version was acceptable (Cron

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18

Nichols, C. G., and W. J. Lederer. "The role of ATP in energy-deprivation contractures in unloaded rat ventricular myocytes." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 68, no. 2 (1990): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y90-029.

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Energy-deprivation contractures were investigated in unloaded rat ventricular myocytes. Application of 2 mM cyanide in the presence of 10 mM 2-deoxyglucose (metabolic blockade) led to a rapid shortening "contracture" (maximum speed 1.5 ± 0.2% control cell length/s). Cells shortened to a constant length of 69 ± 1.6% of the control length. Removal of cyanide caused cells to shorten further ("recontracture"), before relaxing towards the control length. Cells shortened to 57 ± 2.0% during the recontracture. Similar behaviour was observed in zero extracellular [Ca2+]. Cells permeabilized with sapon

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19

Rodriguez-Cuadrado, Sara, Cristina Baus, and Albert Costa. "On the Nature of the Word-Reduction Phenomenon: The Contribution of Bilingualism." Brain Sciences 9, no. 11 (2019): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9110294.

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Word reduction refers to how predictable words are shortened in features such as duration, intensity, or pitch. However, its origin is still unclear: Are words reduced because it is the second time that conceptual representations are activated, or because words are articulated twice? If word reduction is conceptually driven, it would be irrelevant whether the same referent is mentioned twice but using different words. However, if is articulatory, using different words for the same referent could prevent word reduction. In the present work, we use bilingualism to explore the conceptual or artic

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SLINKARD, A. E., and R. A. A. MORRALL. "BELLEVUE FIELD PEA." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 3 (1987): 805–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-109.

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Bellevue field pea (Pisum sativum L.) was licensed in 1986. It is about 15% higher yielding than the check cultivars Century and Trapper. Bellevue has smooth seeds with yellow cotyledons. It has the le gene for shortened internodes and is about 6 d later maturing than Century and Trapper. Seed weight is about 179 g/1000 seeds, intermediate between Century and Trapper.Key words: Cultivar description, pea (field), Pisum sativum L.

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Andriani, Delvi Gia, and Nina Setyaningsih. "Translation Techniques Used by Google Translate and Naver Papago in @Akunyakul Twitter Account." E-Structural 7, no. 01 (2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/es.v7i01.11306.

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The research aims to analyze the translation techniques and find similarities and differences between Google Translate provided by Twitter and Naver Papago ability to translate the nonstandard word contained in @akunyakul’s tweet. This research used Molina & Albir’s (2002) framework to analyze the type of translation techniques applied in translating 131 nonstandard words. The results reveal that there are 6 translation techniques used in translating nonstandard words: adaptation, established equivalent, generalization, literal translation, particularization, and transposition. The most ap

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Rodríguez González, Félix, and José A. Sánchez Fajardo. "Morpho-syntactic variations in English and Spanish clipped words: a contrastive study." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 134, no. 3 (2018): 734–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2018-0051.

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Abstract Clipping and linguistic variation are inexorably interconnected. Shortened or elliptical words reflect a great deal of variability of the language, especially in the morphological and phonological levels. The object of this study is precisely to explore the phono-graphemic and grammatical variations occurred in the visible changes undergone by clipped words in Spanish and English. A contrastive analysis of this type reveals both expectedly different correspondences in terms of gender and number, and surprisingly parallel lexico-syntactic features. This suggests that clipped or ellipti

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Kirsten-Torrado, Úrsula. "Development of SMS language from 2000 to 2010." SMS Communication: A linguistic approach 35, no. 2 (2012): 218–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.35.2.06kir.

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SMS language is regarded as a ‘new’ communication system (cf. T. Shortis 2007; D. Crystal 2009; M. Markus 2010) characterized by new relationships that native speakers establish between English spelling and pronunciation by using different respelling devices (cf. C. Thurlow 2003; P. López Rúa 2007; D. Crystal 2009). This paper is an attempt to contribute to this recent area of study by analysing the development of SMS language over the last 10 years. Recent findings suggest that even though SMS language might have emerged out of the need for speed and brevity (C. Thurlow 2003: 4) — every SMS h

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Shinagawa, Daisuke, and Junko Komori. "'Pig' in Bantu." Studies in Geolinguistics 2 (September 29, 2022): 122–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7121583.

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This brief report provides an overview of geographic distribution of words denoting ‘pig’ in Bantu languages. While reflexes of the Proto-Bantu reconstructed form <em>*-gʊ̀dʊ̀bè </em>are widely spread in Eastern Bantu zones, forms traced back to the (shortened) PB form *<em>-gʊ̀dʊ́</em> are dominantly distributed in Western Bantu zones. This article also provides information on several forms that are only locally observed especially in North Eastern languages.

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Shavkatova, Jasmina Feruz qizi. "PHONETIC REDUCTION IN SPOKEN COMMANDS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK." American Journal of Advanced Scientific Research (AJASR) 2, no. 9 (2025): 228–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15074437.

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This study explores phonetic reduction in spoken commands in Englishand Uzbek, focusing on how words and sounds are shortened or simplified innatural speech. The research examines common reduction patterns in bothlanguages, comparing their phonetic, morphological, and syntactic characteristics.Data is collected from native speakers in real-life and experimental settings,analyzed using acoustic and phonological methods. The findings contribute tounderstanding speech efficiency, language-specific reduction strategies, and theirimplications for language learning, human-computer interaction, and l

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Al-Jarf, Reima. "Feminine Sound Plurals Endings in /ya:t/ and /yya:t/ in Native and Loan Lexemes in Arabic." International Journal of Middle Eastern Research 3, no. 1 (2024): 04–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijmer.2024.3.1.2.

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A sample of 80 loanwords and 100 native Arabic words ending with /ya:t/ or /yya:t/ were analyzed and compared to find out the conditions under which /ya:t/ and /yya:t/ appear in Feminine Sound plural forms of those words. Results revealed that Arabic speakers pluralize native and loan nouns ending with the glide /y/, which is part of the words, as ناي/na:y/; & قبضاي /qabaDa:y/ (Turkish) by directly adding the feminine plural suffix /-a:t/ to the stem without making any other adaptations (نايات /na:ya:t/ flutes & قبضايات /qabadaya:t/ strong-arm). In native words with a stem ending in th

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Al-Jarf, Reima. "Lexical Shortening and Blending: An Innovative Word Formation Process in Arabic." International Journal of Linguistics Studies 4, no. 1 (2023): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.1.

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A corpus of 170 partial Arabic blends in which the first and/or second constituents are shortened was collected from several Arabic resources and subjected to further analysis to explore the structure of Arabic partial blends; blend types (attributive/headed); which constituents and which part is shortened; the kind of relation that exists between the constituents of Arabic blends; and the contexts or registers which favour the formation of lexical blends. Blends consist of two or more words merged into one new word. Blending involves shortening of one constituent or both. It involves creating

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28

Nuraida, Nuraida, and Abd Halim. "THE USE OF SLANG IN SELECTED SONGS BY BLACK EYED PEAS LYRICS." Journal of English Literature and Linguistic Studies 1, no. 2 (2023): 15. https://doi.org/10.26858/jells.v1i2.46225.

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The researchers obtained several points that could lead to an easier understanding of this research. In this finding, there are 4 types of the slang: blending, someone’s nicknames, shortened sentences, and society slang. The most dominant type in the findings of this study is the type of society slang with 15 data from 35 slang data found, and the least type of slang found in the lyrics of the song is the blending type as many as 5 slang from 35 slang data in the findings. The second is the slang function in the lyrics of the black eyed peas’ song. The functions that have been set as many as 1

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Rankin, E. "Shortened version of the Luria memory words test: Psychometric information for use with patients with suspected neurological compromise." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 13, no. 1 (1998): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-6177(98)90539-x.

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Rankin, E. J., J. A. Ritchie, L. TerryBerry-Spohr, and R. Arias. "Shortened version of the Luria memory words test: Psychometric information for use with patients with suspected neurological compromise." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 13, no. 1 (1998): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/13.1.95a.

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Rankin, Eugene J. "Bedside evaluation of learning and memory: Descriptive information on a shortened version of the luria memory words test." Journal of Clinical Psychology 56, no. 1 (2000): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(200001)56:1<113::aid-jclp10>3.0.co;2-u.

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Kaland, Constantijn, and Nikolaus P. Himmelmann. "Repetition Reduction Revisited: The Prosody of Repeated Words in Papuan Malay." Language and Speech 63, no. 1 (2019): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830918820044.

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It has frequently been shown that speakers prosodically reduce repeated words in discourse. This phenomenon has been claimed to facilitate speech recognition and to be language universal. In particular, the relationship between the information value of a word in a discourse context and its prosodic prominence have been shown to correlate. However, a literature review provided in this paper reveals that most evidence comes from English, where prosodic marking of information status often coincides with repetition reduction. The current study investigates to what extent repetition reduction occur

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Sauviat, Martin-Pierre, Suzanne Bouvet, Gaston Godeau та Nicole Pages. "Electrical activity alterations induced by chronic absorption of lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) trace concentrations in adult rat heart". Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 83, № 3 (2005): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y04-132.

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The heart of adult rat offspring, born to mothers treated with trace concentrations of lindane (0.5 to 2 ppb) through a beverage and to mothers chronically treated with lindane (CL-T) with the same trace concentration, also through a beverage, during lactation and growth has a round shape and accumulates lindane. The left ventricle (LV) presents a hypertrophied area, atrophied papillary muscles, and unorganized collagen bundles and layers. These observations led us to study the electrical activity of their left ventricle papillary muscles (LVPM) by recording action potential using intracellula

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Tasyarasita, Aulia Zahra, Meira Elok Duhita, Wiwik Yulianti, and Henry Yustanto. "RAGAM BAHASA SLANG OLEH REMAJA GEN Z PADA MEDIA SOSIAL TIKTOK (KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK)." Translation and Linguistics (Transling) 3, no. 2 (2023): 98. https://doi.org/10.20961/transling.v3i2.74673.

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This study is carried out to explore the forms and meanings of slang as a language variation in sociolinguistic used by Gen Z youths on social media TikTok. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method. The data collection technique used observing and note-taking techniques, then the data obtained was analyzed using data reduction methods, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The data in this study were obtained by scrutinizing to words or phrases that contain slang and are written in videos uploaded on social media TikTok. This study found that there were 20 data containing

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Jucla, Mélanie, Rodolphe Nenert, Yves Chaix, and Jean-François Demonet. "Remediation Effects on N170 and P300 in Children with Developmental Dyslexia." Behavioural Neurology 22, no. 3-4 (2010): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/913692.

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This study aimed at investigating the ERP correlates (N170 and P300 components) of a multimodal training program focused in dyslexia. ERPs were obtained from 32 electrodes in 24 French children with developmental dyslexia (mean age 10 years 7 months) during a visual lexical decision task. All the children received two intensive two-month evidence-based training programs: one based on phonemic awareness and the other on visual and orthographic processing in a cross-over design. Ten control children matched on chronological age were also tested. We showed dissociation between N170, P300 and beha

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Ibrahim Rzayeva, Ilhama. "Study of the effect of physical mutagens on the elements of cotton varieties Summary." NATURE AND SCIENCE 04, no. 05 (2020): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/05/40-43.

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The effect of different doses of gamma rays of the Co60 isotope on the seeds of cotton varieties AzNIXI-104 and AzNIXI-195 before sowing caused changes in the growing season, plant height, sympodial branches and the number of bolls on the bush. At low doses of gamma rays (500 r, 5000 r) the vegetation period was shortened, the number of sympodial branches and bolls in the branch increased, and at high doses of mutagen a decrease in biomorphological features was observed. Key words: cotton, sort, gamma ray, mutagen, sympodial branch, vegetation period.

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Pukanec, Martin. "On the Rhythmic Law and the Suffix -ár." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 67, no. 1 (2016): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jazcas-2016-0010.

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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the violations of the Rhythmic Law in the words with the suffix -ár related to the Ľubomír Kralčák’s inspiring paper On the Vocal Quantity Stability in the Slovak Suffix -ár (-áreň). I propose here a regressive rhythmic law according to which the Proto-Slovak roots of the AP (b) regularly shortened when followed by the suffix -ár. The proposed sound law operated in Proto-Slovak, before the definitive fixation of the stress on the initial syllable in Slovak and before the Slovak Rhythmic Law.

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Gelfand, Stanley A. "Tri-Word Presentations With Phonemic Scoring for Practical High-Reliability Speech Recognition Assessment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 46, no. 2 (2003): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2003/033).

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Speech recognition test reliability is optimized with 450 test items, and the Computer Assisted Speech Recognition Assessment (CASRA) test is a practical approach for achieving this goal by combining 50 presentations of 3 consonantvowel nucleus-consonant (CNC) words each with phonemic scoring (S. A. Gelfand, 1998). However, optimized reliability might not be essential if reliability is as high as possible in light of practical constraints and what the clinician is trying to do with the results. The CASRA paradigm addresses these compromise goals with a reduced number of 3-word sets: 25 sets yi

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Besson, Mireille, Marta Kutas, and Cyma Van Petten. "An Event-Related Potential (ERP) Analysis of Semantic Congruity and Repetition Effects in Sentences." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 4, no. 2 (1992): 132–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1992.4.2.132.

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In two experiments, event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and cued-recall performance measures were used to examine the consequences of semantic congruity and repetition on the processing of words in sentences. A set of sentences, half of which ended with words that rendered them semantically incongruous, was repeated either once (eg, Experiment 1) or twice (e.g., Experiment 2). After each block of sentences, subjects were given all of the sentences and asked to recall the missing final words. Repetition benefited the recall of both congruous and incongruous endings and reduced the amplitude a

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Semerdzhidi, Valentina Nikolaevna. "Neologisms of the coronavirus pandemic era: The lexeme корона (corona) as a productive element of coroneologisms". Philology. Issues of Theory and Practice 16, № 8 (2023): 2484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20230390.

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The aim of the research is to identify the family of words with the top name корона/корон- (corona/coron-). The paper analyses 738 out of 3500 words (21%) presented in the ‘Dictionary of the Russian Language of the Coronavirus Era’ containing this root morpheme. The scientific novelty of the research lies in carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the thematic groups and the ways of word building of coroneologisms with the noun корона/корон-. As a result, the coroneologisms have been subdivided into 22 groups (illness and health, statistics data, environment, time period, location, economics

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van Lunteren, E., M. A. Haxhiu, and N. S. Cherniack. "Relation between upper airway volume and hyoid muscle length." Journal of Applied Physiology 63, no. 4 (1987): 1443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.4.1443.

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Previous studies have suggested that the geniohyoid and sternohyoid muscles act to enlarge the upper airway. If correct, there should be an inverse relation between upper airway volume and the length of hyoid muscles. To test this, known volumes of air were injected into or removed from the isolated sealed upper airway of eight pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized cats, and the resultant changes in geniohyoid and sternohyoid length were measured using sonomicrometry. Increases in upper airway volume shortened the geniohyoid in all cats (P less than 0.001) and shortened the sternohyoid in seven of

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Manokaran, Komalata, and Shyi Nian Ong. "A Semantic Analysis of Blends in Promotional Advertisements During the 2021 Chinese New Year in Malaysia." Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research 09, no. 01 (2023): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.61211/mjqr090102.

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This paper presents the word-formation of blending in promotional advertisements, specifically for Chinese New Year celebrations in Malaysia. Blending is a process that combines two or three parts of source words (SWs) which either one has shortened infuse and/or where there is a phonological or graphic overlap of source words (e.g., moo-tastic  moo + fantastic, and Ox-picious  Ox + auspicious). These kinds of words describe a new invention or phenomenon that combines the definitions of the attribute of the two existing things. This study, which applied qualitative methods, examines the mean

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HEATH, M. C., R. B. McKERCHER, and R. ASHFORD. "INFLUENCE OF HIGH SOIL TEMPERATURE, AMMONIUM ION, AND RAPESEED RESIDUE ON TRIFLURALIN PHYTOTOXICITY TO WHEAT." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, no. 1 (1985): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-021.

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The combination of high soil temperature (36 °C) with trifluralin caused spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Neepawa’) seedlings to have shortened coleoptiles that failed to emerge above the soil surface. This resulted in damaged primary leaves due to abrasion in the soil layers. Evidence is presented that rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ’Regent’) residues have phytotoxic effects on wheat seedlings. High soil ammonium ion concentrations did not affect trifluralin phytotoxicity. All results indicated that the potentially damaging effects of high soil temperature and rapeseed residue are independent

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Pezeshki, Adel, Jalil Mehrzad, Gholam R. Ghorbani, Bart De Spiegeleer, Robert J. Collier, and Christian Burvenich. "The effect of dry period length reduction to 28 days on the performance of multiparous dairy cows in the subsequent lactation." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 88, no. 3 (2008): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas08012.

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In a controlled study, the effects of shortened and conventional dry periods (28.2 ± 4.6 vs. 48.8 ± 4 d) on performance of multiparous cow were evaluated. Seventy multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to either a 28- or a 49-d dry period length (DPL). Nine cows were removed from the study and 61 cows were used in the statistical analysis. Cows in the 28-d DPL group were moved to close-up pen and fed only close-up ration during the dry period, whereas those in the 49-d DPL group were given a far-off diet after dry-off until 28 d before expected calving, and then fed the same diet as

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Mukhtar, M. Nushron Ali. "APPLIED QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT (QFD) FOR ELONGATED CHAIR DESIGN." Tibuana 2, no. 02 (2019): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/tibuana.2.02.1937.68-73.

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In line with the times, the need for product development ideas has a high selling value. Economic value and product efficiency are highly considered in the design, one of which is the design of a stall or cafÃ© chair. In general, the most used seats are permanent. In other words, it can't adjust when used for a few people or for a lot of people. Therefore it is necessary to design stalls and cafÃ© chairs that can be stretched or shortened automatically. The purpose of designing this elongated chair is, it can be arranged so that it can be shortened, with this advantage we can save space and ex

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Syahriandi, Syahriandi, Radhiah Radhiah, and Beby Aulia Pradita. "Bentuk Penyingkatan Penulisan Istilah pada Forum Mahasiswa Universitas Malikussaleh di Media Sosial." Journal on Education 6, no. 1 (2023): 6687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i1.3882.

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This study aims to describe the form of writing terms in the Malikussaleh University student forum on social media. This type of research is qualitative using a descriptive analysis approach. The research data is in the form of the use of terms in student forums contained in WhatsApp groups. The data source for this research is the whatsapp group of students at the Unimal Student Association. Researchers took data sources from 5 groups, namely Himasa A2, Himasa 17 Family, Himasa PBSI, Non-Family KKN, Solidarity. Data collection techniques in this study are reading techniques and note-taking te

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Kremer, AM, TM Pal, M. Oldenziel, M. Kerkhof, JG de Monchy, and B. Rijcken. "Use and safety of a shortened histamine challenge test in an occupational study." European Respiratory Journal 8, no. 5 (1995): 737–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.95.08050737.

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A shortened histamine challenge test was used in a study of occupational airway disease. We evaluated the safety, defined as the absence of a decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of greater than 40%. The occurrence of complaints, the repeatability of test results, and the average amount of time saved were measured. A standard protocol was used comprising 30 s tidal breathing with sequential doubling concentrations from 1 to 32 mg.ml-1 histamine. Subjects with no indication of hyperresponsive airways started at 4 mg.ml-1. If the decrease in FEV1 was < 6%, a concentration

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Hajar, Andi. "Street cries in English and Indonesian with special reference to Makassarese." International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI) 2, no. 2 (2019): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33750/ijhi.v2i2.41.

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Street vendors’ activities are interesting phenomena to be analyzed. Their cries (calls) in the streets, called street cries, existed since a long time ago. This study aims at investigating the forms and characteristics of street cries in Indonesian (Makassarese) compared to English. This study is a comparative study which uses descriptive qualitative in analyzing data. Indonesian (Makassarese) street cries were noted, recorded, and transcribed. Firstly, the result of this study shows that both Indonesian (Makassarese) and English vendors always mention the name of commodities and services the

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Budilova, Olexandra, and Maryna Volkova. "SOME PECULIARITIES OF THE INTERNET ABBREVIATIONS FORMATION." English and American Studies, no. 21 (July 6, 2024): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/382403.

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Nowadays many shortenings which can be found in different spheres of life and they are predictable as a result of scientific, international integration processes in economics development. As a result the problem of new realia naming appears. Most of such names in Englishappear on the bases of word combinations or complex words that give a chance to reflect necessary features of this or that notion in its full meaning and accuracy. To simplify these long words and word combinations abbreviation as one of the ways of shortening is used. Sometimes a term is shortened to only one main component, s

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NOVITSKIY, NIKOLAY, ANDRIY MYACHYKOV, and YURY SHTYROV. "Crosslinguistic interplay between semantics and phonology in late bilinguals: neurophysiological evidence." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22, no. 2 (2018): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728918000627.

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We investigated effects of crosslinguistic phonological and semantic similarity on the bilingual lexicon of late unbalanced bilinguals. Our masked priming paradigm used L1 (Russian) words as masked primes and L2 (English) words as targets. The primes and the targets either overlapped – phonologically, semantically, both phonologically and semantically – or did not overlap. Participants maintained the targets in memory and matched them against occasionally presented catch stimuli. N170 and N400 components of the word-elicited high-density ERPs were identified and analysed in signal and source s

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