Relevant bibliographies by topics / Shorthorn

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Shorthorn'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Shorthorn"

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Barker, DJ, PJ May, CA Morris, and PER Ridley. "First calving performance of beef cattle. 2. A comparison of Shorthorns and dairy crossbreds." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 2 (1985): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850276.

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In each of 4 years, drafts of Shorthorn and Dairy x Shorthorn heifers were run together and fed to grow either slowly or moderately from weaning at 7 months until joining for two months at 15 months of age. Thereafter they grazed together on improved pasture in a 430 mm rainfall Mediterranean environment. Their performance was compared until their second calving and their calves' performances until weaning. Year x breed type interactions were significant for most variables measured. Between their first joining and first calving, the fourth draft of Shorthorn heifers gained 59 kg less liveweight than the crossbreds, but there was little difference in liveweight gain between the breed types in the other three drafts. Survival of the fourth draft of Shorthorn dams and calves was also 32 and 42% lower than of crossbreds. Concurrently, the third draft of Shorthorns lost 21 kg more liveweight than the crossbreds between first calving and their second joining, but performed similarly or better in the other 3 years. The third draft of Shorthorns also had a 63% lower second calving rate than the crossbreds, but the previous drafts had a similar rate of second calving. The average weaning weights of the second and third drafts of Shorthorn calves were 37 and 34 kg lower, respectively, than the crossbred calves, but only 8 and 16 kg lower in the first and fourth drafts, respectively. The third draft of Shorthorn dams were 90 kg lighter at weaning than the crossbreds but the other Shorthorn drafts were only 20 to 29 kg lighter. The intercalving interval of the fourth draft of Shorthorns was 28 days longer than that of the crossbreds, but was similar to or 23 to 30 days shorter for the previous drafts. Superior performance of the crossbreds was most apparent in the year of lowest rainfall and pasture availability, during which the third draft suckled their first calves and were joined for the second time and the fourth draft calved for the first time. First calving dates of dairy crossbreds were 14 days later than those of Shorthorns if grown slowly before joining, but were similar if grown moderately. Crossbred dams suffered 11 and 25% more dystokia at first calving of the first and third drafts and 14% more if grown slowly, but not if grown moderately before their first joining. Birth weights of calves out of crossbred dams were consistently 2 kg higher than those out of Shorthorn dams. First calving rates of the two types of cattle were similar and high (about 90%).
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Toušová, Renáta, Jaromír Ducháček, Martin Ptáček, and Matúš Gašparík. "Potential of Blue‑Grey Cattle Managed Under Organic Farming Conditions of Czechia." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 3 (2019): 763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967030763.

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The aim of this work was to evaluate growth potential of Blue‑Grey cattle in Czech conditions as the compare its growth traits to initial population. Suitability of specific conditions was evaluated based on growth ability and daily weight gains (DWG). Tested breeds included Shorthorn, Galloway and their crossbred variation called Blue‑Grey cattle. A total of 428 animals were evaluated over a period from 2010 until 2016. Birth weight, live weight at 120, 210 and 365 days of age was monitored for each animal. Also, DWG at 120, 210 and 365 days of age was part of the evaluation. Mixed model (SAS 9.3) was used for statistical evaluation. The influence of sex on growth ability was significantly (P < 0.05) in favour of bulls throughout the evaluated period. Purebred Shorthorns achieved highest weights (from + 2.5 for birth weight to +82.65 kg in weight at 365 days of age) (P < 0.05) and DWG (from + 147.26 g to + 300.37 g (P < 0.05) compare to purebred Galloway throughout the evaluated period. Weight and DWG of Blue‑Greys were significantly better in comparison with Galloway and were more comparable with Shorthorns. Therefore, growth ability was improved mainly by addition of Shorthorn blood. Good growth ability of Blue‑Greys combined with better environmental endurance from Galloway blood makes them well suited for use in organic farming conditions of Czechia.
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Rege, J. E. O., G. S. Aboagye, S. Akah, and B. K. Ahunu. "Crossbreeding Jersey with Ghana Shorthorn and Sokoto Gudali cattle in a tropical environment: additive and heterotic effects for milk production, reproduction and calf growth traits." Animal Science 59, no. 1 (August 1994): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100007467.

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AbstractCrossbreeding data involving Ghana Shorthorn, Sokoto Gudali and their Jersey F1s and backcrosses collected over a 16-year period were analysed to estimate additive and heterotic effects for milk production, reproduction and calf growth traits. Sokoto Gudali was significantly better than Ghana Shorthorn in all milk production traits. Calving interval and annualized milk production were better in Gudali than in the Shorthorn. The F1s had higher lactation milk yield, milked longer, produced their first calves earlier and had shorter dry periods and calving intervals than their corresponding purebreds. However, genotype was not significant for number of services per conception. Both F1s had higher average daily gain and weaning weight than their corresponding purebreds. Sokoto Gudali backcross (Jersey × F1) was significantly (P < 0·05) better than the F1 in lactation length. However, in Gudali crosses, there was no advantage in increasing the proportion of Jersey genes beyond 0·5 for milk production traits. Additive effects were significantly (at least P < 0·05) lower in the Shorthorn and the Gudali than in Jersey for milk production traits except proportion of butterfat. Heterosis estimates were significant (P < 0·01) for milk production traits for the Shorthorn but not for the Gudali. Heterotic effects were large and significant (at least P < 0·05) in improving annualized milk production in Shorthorn crosses, whilst none of the heterotic effects for reproductive traits was significant. At both 0 and 0·5 levels of Jersey inheritance, the Gudali was superior (P < 0·01) to the Shorthorn in birth weight, weaning weight and pre-weaning average daily gain. Heterotic effects for calf traits were positive and much larger in Gudali crosses than in Shorthorn crosses. In general, backcrosses were, at best, similar to the F1s implying that upgrading these indigenous breeds beyond 0·5 European inheritance may not be desirable.
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Pratchett, D., J. Wallace, and S. Young. "An evaluation of cattle types for north-western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 6 (1993): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930677.

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An evaluation of calving rate and cow mortality in the Kimberley region of Western Australia was made for 6 breeder groups: Shorthorn, Brahman, F1 Brahman x Shorthorn (F1BS), F1 Africander x Shorthorn (F1AS), F, Brahman x Shorthorn (F2BS), and F2 Africander x shorthorn (F2AS). From these 6 breeder groups, 8 steer lines were produced: Shorthorn, Brahman, F1BS, F2BS, F3BS, F1AS, F2AS, and F3AS. These were evaluated for calf survival, calf growth, steer mortality, steer growth, and steer carcass weight. There were significant (P<0.001) year and breed effects on calving rate. F1BS and F1AS showed the highest calving percentage, with corrected means of 60 and 61% for the whole herd and 67 and 66% when 15-month-old heifers were excluded. The calving rate in F2BS dropped to 49%, while that in F2AS was maintained at 67%. Few cows died in any group and it was not possible to detect differences between breed types. Likewise, few steers died after 12 months of age. The lowest mean weaning weight of 116 kg in July at 6 months of age was recorded for Shorthorn calves; the highest was recorded for F2BS at 174 kg. However, the advantage was not maintained until November when the calves were 10 months old. Brahman and F1BS had superior growth rates from weaning to 10 months. There were significant (P<0.001) breed and year effects on steer liveweight at all weighing dates. After the first November weighing, Brahman and F1BS made the greatest liveweight gain. All breeds lost weight in the second dry period. At 27 and 39 months, F1BS steers had the heaviest carcass weights of 222 and 300 kg. F2AS and F3BS steers had the lowest carcass weights at both times (174 kg at 27 months and 22 kg at 39 months).
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Chakrabartty, Avijit, Choy L. Hew, Margaret Shears, and Garth Fletcher. "Primary structures of the alanine-rich antifreeze polypeptides from grubby sculpin, Myoxocephalus aenaeus." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-057.

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Antifreeze polypeptides (AFP) isolated from the plasma of the grubby sculpin (Myoxocephalus aenaeus)were compared with those of a close relative, the shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius). Both species synthesize a family of AFP that are alanine rich and exist as amphiphilic α-helices. The grubby sculpin AFP could be resolved into five active components by reverse-phase liquid chromatography. The major (GS-5) and one of the minor (GS-8) components were sequenced. Grubby sculpin AFP GS-5 was 33 amino acids long. It was homologous to one of the minor shorthorn sculpin AFP (SS-3) in terms of its molecular size and amino acid sequence. The sequences of these two components differed by only four amino acids. The minor grubby sculpin AFP GS-8 was 40 amino acids long. It was shorter than the major shorthorn sculpin AFP (SS-8) by five amino acids. The sequence of the first 40 amino acids from SS-8 and GS-8 was essentially identical, differing by only 4 amino acids. Antibodies raised against SS-8 cross reacted with GS-8 but not with the shorter AFP (GS-5 and SS-3). The data suggest that the antibody was directed towards the unstructured N-terminal regions of SS-8 and GS-8. It would appear that shorthorn and grubby sculpins possess similar families of AFP genes and that the grubby sculpin preferentially expresses one gene product (GS-5) while the shorthorn sculpin expresses another, larger product (SS-8).
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Schild, Ana L., Franklin Riet-Correa, Maria C. Mkndez, and Severo S. Barros. "Hereditary Hypermetria in Shorthorn Cattle." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 5, no. 4 (October 1993): 640–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879300500429.

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Newman, J. A., A. K. W. Tong, S. D. M. Jones, G. W. Rahnefeld, D. R. C. Bailey, H. T. Fredeen, and G. M. Weiss. "Slaughter and carcass traits of calves from first-cross and reciprocal back-cross beef cows." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 74, no. 4 (December 1, 1994): 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas94-091.

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Breed-of-dam and sex-of-calf effects are reported based on observation of 2007 heifer and steer carcasses. The carcasses were derived from Limousin-sired calves born to dams representing 15 F1 and backcross genotypes reared at two locations over a period of 5 yr. The calves represented Hereford × Angus, Charolais × Shorthorn, Simmental × Shorthorn and all backcross combinations involving Charolais or Simmental with Hereford, Angus or Shorthorn. Carcass traits were analyzed on an unadjusted, a constant hot-carcass weight, and a constant rib-fat depth basis. The slaughter criteria dictated that steers were heavier at slaughter than heifers. They also exhibited higher dressing yield, greater longissimus thoracis area, and lower fat depth. Charolais and Simmental breeding was associated with less rib fat depth, greater longissimus thoracis area, a higher proportion of preferred cuts, less dissectible fat, more bone and more lean in the preferred cuts than British beef breeding. Within the European (Charolais and Simmental) and British beef (Hereford, Angus and Shorthorn) breed groups, breed effects were smaller, but for carcass composition traits they were frequently significant. When compared with Simmental, Charolais breeding tended to be associated with less marbling, less rib fat depth, less dissectible fat and more lean in the preferred cuts. Among the British beef breeds, Hereford was associated with the highest proportion of preferred cuts, Shorthorn with the lowest rib fat depth — but the highest dissectible fat — and Angus with the most marbling, the greatest longissimus thoracis area and the lowest bone content. This research has demonstrated that breed effects for carcass composition traits tend to be additive and that a significant effect may be associated with substitution of as little as one-eighth of the breed composition. Key words: Beef cattle, slaughter traits, carcass traits, breed type, crossbred dam, backcross dam
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DENNIS, JA, and PJ HEALY. "Genotyping Shorthorn cattle for generalised glycogenosis." Australian Veterinary Journal 79, no. 11 (November 2001): 773–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2001.tb10897.x.

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Fairley, Kayesh, Belinda J. Westman, Linda H. Pham, A. D. J. Haymet, Margaret M. Harding, and Joel P. Mackay. "Type I Shorthorn Sculpin Antifreeze Protein." Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, no. 27 (April 8, 2002): 24073–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m200307200.

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HEW, Choy L., Shashikant JOSHI, Nam-Chiang WANG, Ming-H. KAO, and V. S. ANANTHANARAYANAN. "Structures of shorthorn sculpin antifreeze polypeptides." European Journal of Biochemistry 151, no. 1 (August 1985): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb09081.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shorthorn"

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Callaby, Rebecca. "Coinfections in East African Shorthorn Zebu." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14167.

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The Infectious Diseases of East African Livestock (IDEAL) project followed 548 East African Shorthorn Zebu (EASZ) calves in Western Kenya for the first year of life and monitored the sequelae of infections by multiple parasites. More than 50 different parasites were identified during this time. The IDEAL project also gathered environmental information about the farm and collected phenotypic data on the calf and its dam. Calves were also genotyped for 55,777 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Recent research has looked at coinfection in rodents and humans but not in indigenous cattle. Here I investigate the evidence for coinfection in EASZ and study the associations occurring between coinfecting parasites. In addition, I examine the genetic and phenotypic factors which predispose an individual to infection with multiple parasites. Using information gathered by the IDEAL project, my thesis consists of the following chapters. An investigation of the nature of concurrent associations and of lagged effects between different parasites. Using the parasites Theileria spp., Coccidia spp., Strongyloides spp., strongyles and Calicophoron spp. I show that the patterns of association between different parasites are complex: there is evidence for both positive and negative associations. For example, infection with Strongyloides spp. increased the risk of strongyle infection. Conversely, in other cases, being infected with one parasite decreased the calf’s risk of infection with another parasite: for example, infection with Strongyloides spp. decreased the risk of infection with Calicophoron spp. A study of the relationship between different respiratory viruses and their effect upon the host. I confirm that positive associations exist between Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) and Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (PIV3) in a previously unstudied setting; being seropositive for any one of these three viruses means that an individual is more likely to be seropositive for the other two viruses than expected by chance. Being seropositive for IBR, BVDV or PIV3 did not affect the average daily weight gain of the calf, nor did PIV3 and BVDV serostatus have an effect on the calf ever experiencing a clinical episode. However, IBR seropositive calves were less likely to experience a clinical episode of some form, suggestive of some protective aspect of IBR. An examination of the sources of variation in faecal strongyle egg counts (EPG), and their association with body weight, host genetics and a suite of haematological measures. Using estimates of relatedness derived from the SNP data, I established that strongyle EPG has a genetic basis in EASZ, with a heritability of 23.9% (S.E. = 11.8%) and showed a consistently strong negative association between strongyle infection and the haematological parameters white blood cell count, red blood cell count, total serum protein and absolute eosinophil count. Furthermore, calf body weight at 1 week old was a significant predictor of strongyle EPG at 16-51 weeks, with smaller calves being predisposed to a higher strongyle EPG later in life. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) to investigate if there is a genetic predisposition to East Coast Fever (ECF) death and a genetic basis to the packed cell volume at the time of seroconversion to Theileria parva (PCVTP). I found no robust evidence for a relationship between genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and ECF death or PCVTP. The effect of sample size upon GWAS and significance thresholds was investigated further through simulations. I conclude that the small number of cases influences the probability of association between a SNP and the phenotypic trait. Smaller case numbers produce more artifactual associations with SNPs, an effect not fully compensated for by the standard Bonferroni correction, suggesting that an empirical significance threshold should be used to directly account for sample size. The results of this thesis provide an understanding of the associations occurring between different parasites, and of their causes and consequences. I discuss the results in the context of their implications for disease control strategies, suggesting the benefits of an integrated approach to control worm and T. parva alongside the possible genetic selection for parasite resistance and supplementary feeding of lightweight individuals to improve the health of EASZ.
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Mbole-Kariuki, Mary Ndila. "Genomic diversity of East African shorthorn Zebu of western Kenya." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603590.

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Indigenous zebu cattle in Kenya are predominant across the country owing to their tropical adapted physiology. These breeds have been embraced by most small-scale farmers, who are the drivers of the low-input sustainable agricultural sector within the country. Though autosomal microsatellites revealed ancient taurine and zebu admixture in East African sh0l1horn zebu (EASZ) cattle, the extent of this admixture and the effect of modern European taurine introgression through indiscriminate breed improvement programmes in these populations remains unclear. The population structure and ancestral origin of the EASZ a pre-requisite to genome-wide association studies has also not been documented yet. In this study, 548 East African shorthorn zebu (EASZ) calves were randomly sampled from 20 sub-locations across 4 agro-ecological zones in Western Kenya and monitored from bi11h to I year of age, with no veterinary intervention allowed. Data included reports of calf clinical episodes, post-mortem examination and selected sets of phenotypic parameters associated with infectious parasitic disease (Packed Cell Volume (PCV), parasiteamia load and body weight). Phenotypic data also included detailed information on coat color, coat patterns, hair texture, calf body stature measures, horn size, hump size and dewlap size. A total of 460 calves survived the one year period follow-up and diseases challenges, while 88 died across the one year period, succumbing to various infectious and non-infectious causes. The leading cause of death at 38% was attributed to East Coast Fever (ECF) infections. The main objectives of the study were to : (i) Evaluate the informativeness of the Illumina® BovineSNP50 beadchip, a genetic tool primarily developed for European commercial breed, on an indigenous African cattle population, (ii) unravel the genetic architecture and origin of EASZ of Western Kenya and (iii) identify imprints of genetic selection through phenotype-genotype associations. Out of the 56,947 SNPs genotyped using the IIIumina® BovineSNP50 beadchip, 55,777 were successfully mapped on the University of Maryland genome assembly (3 .0) 1 and only 6,151 failed the quality control criteria. An average genome spacing of 46 kbp was observed with less than 5% of the gaps between informative SNPs being larger than 100 kbp. The ancestral origin of the study cohort was established, with 83%, 15% and 2% of the genetic background being of Asiatic zebu, African taurine and European taurine ancestry respectively. Most importantly, we identified the main taurine ancestral source as African and established the degrees of admixture within this indigenous breed. In addition, a North-South genetic cline in the amount of European taurine introgression was observed \ ) I I VI with two localized hotspots in the Northern and central studied regions. The dissemination of the European blood was attributed to rampant breed improvement programmes and animal markets as main entry points. A three-tier categorization associated with the amount of European taurine introgression was revealed, namely pure (:S 1.56%), moderate (> 1.56 - < 12.5%) and substantial (~ 12.5%). Excluding the moderate and substantial calf categories, revealed an EASZ population that was genetically homogenous with closer genetic relatedness been observed within sub-locations than between sub-locations. However, genetic differentiation, between sub-locations was not significant and the population may be considered as "panmictic" for the purpose of genetic mapping. The effective population size (N) analysis, revealed a short stint of increasing population size but was generally characterized by a major population decline over-time. A rich diversity of coat colours and patterns was observed across the study site with a characteristic spatial distribution of some ofthese phenotypic traits. Significant SNPs were identified within or neighbouring genomic loci that control for selected non-disease (coat color) and disease traits (survival). Our findings provide valuable new insights in the understanding of the genetic landscape, genetic admixture and demographic history of an African indigenous breed. The genotype-phenotype association outcomes call for fU11her analysis aiming to unravel the genotype control of adaptations using more " powerful" approaches (e .g. High Density SNPs genotyping or next generation sequencing). We advocate for an urgent move towards understanding these unique adaptations of African indigenous cattle breeds before the ultimate loss of these ecologically important traits to unsustainable economic traits via indiscriminate crossbreeding.
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Higuchi, Mikito. "Studies on the Improvement of Japanese Shorthorn Calves for Grazing Adaptability Using Crossbreeds with Reference to Resistance to Bovine Theileriosis." Kyoto University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147777.

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Bredhammar, Andreas, Stefan Helander, and Moa Svensson. "Sex timmars arbetsdag, varför inte? : En studie om förkortad arbetstid." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85156.

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Forskningsfråga: Vilka problem försvårar möjligheten att införa en kortare arbetsvecka? Syfte: Syftet med studien är att identifiera problem som mellanchefer förutsätter försvårar möjligheten att införa kortare arbetsvecka Metod: Studien är genomförd utifrån en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med en induktiv ansats. Det empiriska materialet består av sju stycken interjuver med mellanchefer i olika organisationer. Slutsatser: De kategorier vi har identifierat ligga till grund för problem är gemenskap och tillhörighet, normer,legitimitet, styrning, produktivitet och teknologi, kostnader samt hälsoaspekter. De vi har funnit är de alla hör samman och påverkar varandra och skapar ett problem för införandet av förkortad arbetsvecka. Mellanchefens komplexa situation är också en faktor för att det upplevs som problematiskt att införa förkortad arbetsvecka.
Research question: What problems limit the possibility to implement shorter working weeks? Purpose: The purpose with the study is to identify problems that the head of the department presume limit the possibility to implement a shorter working week. Method: The study is conducted on the basis of a qualitative research method with an inductive approach. The empirical content consisted of seven different interviews with the head of the department of their organization. Conclusions: Problems have been found to occur within the different categories community and belonging, standards, legitimacy, management, productivity and technology, costs and health aspects. We have found out that all of these affect each other and create problems when it comes to implementation of shorter working weeks. The head of department have shown to be a complex role to handle and has also been perceived as a contributing factor to why an implementation of shorter working weeks is so problematic.
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Jasienczyk, Corinna. "Correlated responses in growth and maternal ability of Shorthorn cattle selected for yearling weight." 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/18546.

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Dang, TSM. "Melanomacrophage centers and mucus cells of shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) as biomarkers of contaminants." Thesis, 2020. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/35858/1/Dang_whole_thesis.pdf.

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Marine pollution has been a global issue as most marine ecosystems are affected by anthropogenic pollutants. Some common pollutants such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals have become a widespread concern to environment and public health due to their toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation. Environmental monitoring programs need to detect potential harmful effects of these pollutants before they affect high levels of biological organization such as population or ecosystem. This can be done using biomarkers in appropriate indicator species. Shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) has been used in this project as an indicator species for environmental studies in Greenland because the fish is abundant, easy to sample, benthic, sedentary and long-lived. Although sculpins have been used extensively in environmental monitoring programs in Greenland, most studies focused on increased concentrations of trace elements in various organs and some histopathology in fishes caught from polluted areas. Most significant histological alterations, in particular, melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) or mucus cells (MCs) were evaluated using qualitative or semi-quantitative methods. The overall aims of this thesis were to study MMCs and MCs in shorthorn sculpins and evaluate their biomarker potential for pollutant exposure. These were achieved by pursuing the following specific aims: a) Investigate MMCs in various organs of shorthorn sculpins and assess the biomarker potential of the splenic and renal MMC populations, and b) Investigate the MCs in the gills and skin of shorthorn sculpins using different quantification methods and examined their biomarker potential for pollutant exposure. This study characterised MMCs in all main organs including the gills, liver, spleen, kidney and pancreas of shorthorn sculpins. The variations in morphology, density, size, area, distribution, pigments and response to pathogens of the MMC populations in these organs were described and can be used as baselines for future monitoring studies. The biomarker potential of splenic and renal MMCs, the two most numerous and largest MMC populations in shorthorn sculpins, was evaluated. Splenic MMCs may have a biomarker potential for POPs chronic exposure. This was, however, not the case for renal MMCs. Effects of body size on the splenic and renal MMCs responses were confirmed and this factor needs to be considered if MMCs are used as biomarkers. This study developed a novel method to reconstruct 3D structure of splenic MMCs from histological samples. This method can be applied to reconstruct any structures or organs of interest from histological samples. The 3D structure of splenic MMCs was reported for the first time and showed spherical shape and limited variation in sizes. These characteristics were critical to develop a proper quantification for MMCs. An investigation into 3D splenic MMCs revealed that 97% of examined splenic MMCs were closely associated with blood vessels in the spleen of shorthorn sculpins. This study also indicated the presence of pheomelanin in MMCs of a fish species for the first time. Responses of MCs in the gills and skin of shorthorn sculpin were investigated using 16 mucosal indices generated by both mucosal mapping and histological methods. Three mucosal indices including size of skin MCs, density of lamellar MCs (mucosal mapping) and number of MCs per interlamellar unit (ILU, traditional methods) had biomarker potential for heavy metal exposure. Size of skin MCs (mucosal mapping) were significantly smallest in the least polluted station whereas the gill filament MCs were largest and most dense in the fishes from the most contaminated site. Density of the gill lamellar MCs followed a toxicity gradient and was highest at the most polluted site and lowest at the least polluted site. A strong positive correlation between hepatic Pb level and size of filament MCs, suggested the role of filament MCs in reducing the somatic Pb in sculpins. The biomarker potential of MC responses was also uncovered using traditional quantification as number of MCs per ILU was significantly different in fishes from sites with different levels of pollutants. This study investigated MC responses using two different quantification methods. Overall, both traditional methods and mucosal mapping were able to detect the biomarker potential of MC responses to pollutants and their links to parasitic infection. MCs quantified by traditional methods were related to body size of fishes whereas MCs quantified by mucosal mapping were linked to levels of Pb in the liver of fishes. Both methods detected the differences between the skin and gill MCs and only mucosal mapping distinguished the differences between filaments and lamellar MCs. Results of this study were valuable for environmental monitoring programs in the Northern Hemisphere where shorthorn sculpins are naturally distributed.
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Books on the topic "Shorthorn"

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Comben, Norman. The Durham ox. Ruddington, Nottingham: Adlard Print & Reprographics, 2007.

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Wayne Caldwell Neely Collection of Shorthorn Cattle Catalogs, ed. Shorthorn cattle in Adair County, Iowa: A historical review from pioneer days to 1950. Frederick, Maryland: Wayne C. Neely, 1989.

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Getting into Beef Field Day (1994). Proceedings of the Getting into Beef Field Day: Wednesday, 3 August 1994 : Ray Morgan's property-"Neearra", Poll Shorthorn Stud Three Springs. Moora: Dept. of Agriculture, Western Australia, 1994.

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Auctions, United, and Perth Auction Market, eds. Catalogue of the annual spring show and sale of 216 Aberdeen Angus bulls & 170 females, 37 Beef Shorthorn bulls & 15 females, 6 Hereford bulls. Perth: United Auctions Ltd, 2000.

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Great Britain. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions. and Great Britain Welsh Office, eds. Assured and assured shorthold tenancies: A guide for tenants. London: Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions and the Welsh Office, 1997.

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Great Britain. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions. and Great Britain Welsh Office, eds. Assured and assured shorthold tenancies: A guide for tenants. London: Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, 2000.

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Great Britain. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions. and Great Britain Welsh Office, eds. Assured and assured shorthold tenancies: A guide for landlords. London: Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, 2000.

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Great Britain. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions. and Great Britain Welsh Office, eds. Assured and assured shorthold tenancies: A guide for landlords. London: Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, 1997.

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Chapman, David. Development of the private rented housing sector following deregulation of the market by the Housing Act, 1988 with specific reference to assured shorthold tenancies. London: Polytechnic of East London, 1992.

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Stockbridge School of Agriculture. Shorthorn; 1942. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "Shorthorn"

1

Heppner, John B., David B. Richman, Steven E. Naranjo, Dale Habeck, Christopher Asaro, Jean-Luc Boevé, Johann Baumgärtner, et al. "Shorthorned Grasshoppers." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 3371. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4178.

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"shorthorn, n." In Oxford English Dictionary. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oed/2215467657.

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"Shorthorn Sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius)." In The Western Arctic Seas Encyclopedia, 379. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25582-8_180046.

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Trail, John C. M. "Trypanotolerant N'Dama and West African Shorthorn Cattle." In Beef Cattle Science Handbook, 306–10. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429045189-37.

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"Una religión bovina." In Music for Unknown Journeys by Cristian Aliaga, edited by Benjamin Bollig, 124–25. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800348097.003.0055.

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Pastan unas vacas marrones en parcelas que semejan jardines. Recostadas al atardecer sobre la hierba con su prosapia Shorthorn, miran con ojos profundos cual modelos de alta costura, aunque con su tonelada expuesta no se levantan para mostrarse. Estos animales de Yorkshire bostezan con signos de aburrimiento o melancolía, permanecen en su sitio sin alardes de animal. Nadie los arrea, todo el entorno conduce al sueño, la somnolencia, una religión bovina. Un viajero puede creer que las alimentan para completar el paisaje. Más que productos para la carnicería, completan piezas de un dispositivo de civilización que se afana con el decorado. En el cuadro deal lado, un grupo de ovejas de rostro negro parece posar para la secuencia que sigue, atentas de reojo a la pasividad de las vacas. Continúan con el rito de la mansedumbre, como si hubiera Paraíso. Sitios amables e inmaculados, en los que nadie imagina el matadero....
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Woods, Rebecca J. H. "A Breed in Any Other Place." In The Herds Shot Round the World. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469634661.003.0002.

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This chapter explores “native” British breeds within the context of agricultural improvement at the turn of the nineteenth century, arguing that the idea of a native breed arose at the same time and in opposition to that of an “improved” breed. Breeds were understood to encompass the relationship between heredity, anthropogenic selection, and the influence of climate or environment, although which of these factors was understood to take precedence could and did vary. As breeders increasingly selected their animals for early maturity, meatiness, or particular kinds of wool in the case of sheep in conformation with market imperatives, “native” came to signal a type of livestock defined more by its relationship to a particular place within Great Britain than by its degree of breeding. A growing propensity for moving animals from place to place, and combining existing breeds into new types of livestock, such as Shorthorn cattle or New Leicester sheep, informed these developments.
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Woods, Rebecca J. H. "The First Breed of Cattle." In The Herds Shot Round the World. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469634661.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 interrogates the concept of a “native” breed within the context of pedigree cattle breeding in the early- to mid-nineteenth century. It centers on Hereford cattle, which began their career as a hardy regional breed of varied appearance. As cattle breeders increasingly turned towards recorded pedigrees as guarantees of value, and pure-breeding (mating closely-related animals to narrow a genotype) became the became the desired goal, if not always the practical norm, within the industry, Hereford cattle increasingly failed to measure up against “improved” varieties like the Shorthorn breed. “Nativeness” initially operated as a proxy for purity in the case of Hereford cattle, as the close connection between type and place worked in favour of the breed, but over time, breeders turned to other measures. Phenotypic uniformity became paramount at mid-century by which time all Herefords displayed red coats and white faces, and its “native” character began to expand beyond its original region to take on national trappings in conjunction with a growing national taste for British beef.
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Higashiyama, M., M. Muramoto, and T. Kondo. "Relationship between calf daily gain and stocking rate on Japanese Shorthorn cow-calf grazing pastures." In Book of Abstracts for the 10th World Conference on Animal Production, 148. Brill | Wageningen Academic, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/9789086865789_296.

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Nwoga, Cornelius, Nnanna Ikeh, Matthew Onodugo, Paul Baiyeri, and Ndubuisi Machebe. "Assisted Reproductive Technologies as Veritable Tools for Improving Production Efficiencies of N’dama and Muturu Cattle Breeds in Nigeria-A Review." In Bovine Science - Challenges and Advances. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100066.

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Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) that have come to stay and are still being improved upon in developed countries are still in their infancy stage in developing countries like Nigeria. Nigeria’s cattle population is estimated to be around 18.4 million. The number is far insufficient to meet the country’s demand for meat, milk, and other cow products, let alone contribute to GDP. N’dama and Muturu are both Nigerian breeds that are resistant to trypanosomosis. They are humpless longhorn and humpless shorthorn types of beef cattle. The dairy and beef cow industries’ inadequate adoption of ART is partly to blame for Nigeria’s low cattle output. Sex determination, multiple-ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET), oestrus synchronization, artificial insemination (AI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), cloning, and genetic engineering are all examples of assisted reproductive technologies. It has been reported in humans, rodents and domestic animals, abnormal fetuses, newborns and adult offspring arise from ART. Improper matching of breeding animals mostly leads to overfat calves. This review centers on the applications and potentials of ART in the production of trypanotolerant N’dama and Muturu cattle breeds. Some unorthodox medicines which have proven effective in human reproduction can circumvent the shortfalls in the adoption of ART.
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"shorthold, n." In Oxford English Dictionary. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oed/1458185207.

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