Academic literature on the topic 'Shoulder – Radiography'
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Journal articles on the topic "Shoulder – Radiography"
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Zamani, Amin, Mohammad Davood Sharifi, Roohie Farzaneh, Hamideh Feiz Disfani, Behrang Rezvani Kakhki, and Amir Masoud Hashemian. "The Relationship between Clinical Findings of Shoulder Joint with Bone Damage of Shoulder Joint in Patients with Isolated Shoulder Blunt Trauma." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 11 (2018): 2101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.478.
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BACKGROUND: Due to the prevalence of shoulder injuries among athletes and other people and the prevalence of radiography for these injuries, there are still no valid criteria for indication of doing shoulder radiography.
 AIM: This study aimed to examine the relationship between some signs and clinical examinations of the shoulder with shoulder bone injuries and the need for radiography.
 METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. All patients aged 18-70 years who referred to the emergency ward of Imam Reza and Hasheminejad Hospital in the year 2014 due to blunt trauma and had criteria for entering the study and lacking exclusion criteria were included in the study process. Data on clinical symptoms, radiographic results, and final diagnosis were extracted from the patients' records through a questionnaire and analysed statistically.
 RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between the clinical signs of patients Existence of ecchymosis in the shoulder fractures with glenoid and humerus fractures (p = 0.029, p = 0.004 respectively). There was also a significant relationship between clavicle fracture and limitation in shoulder rotation and abduction (p = 0.000 and p = 0.001 respectively). Other clinical symptoms did not show any significant relationship with radiographs indicative of the problem requiring specific treatment.
 CONCLUSION: Although it is possible to define critters based on clinical symptoms that reduce the need for unnecessary radiographs that the does not reliably help inpatient treatment, but finding these critters to indicate the performance of the graphs in shoulder injuries requires further studies with the higher population and more clinical variables.
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Livet, Véronique, Mathieu Harel, Mathieu Taroni, et al. "Stress Radiography for the Diagnosis of Medial Glenohumeral Ligament Rupture in Canine Shoulders." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 32, no. 06 (2019): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692469.
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Objectives This study aimed to describe a stress radiography to detect medial glenohumeral ligament rupture and to investigate the repeatability and reproducibility of this test. Materials and Methods Six adult Beagle cadavers were used. Both shoulders of each dog were randomly assigned into two groups: a normal shoulder group (NS group) and an affected shoulder group (AS group) where the medial glenohumeral ligament was arthroscopically transected. Goniometry, image analysis and radiography (normal and stress views) were performed before and after arthroscopic procedures. An abduction angle was determined for each stress view and an evaluation of the repeatability and the reproducibility was performed. Results Abduction angles were significantly larger in the AS group as measured by goniometer (p < 0.001), image analysis (p < 0.001) and radiographic stress view (p < 0.001) than in the NS group. The abduction angle difference varied from 12° to 29.3° (median difference of 19.4°) between NS and AS groups. There were good intra-observer and very good inter-observer agreements. A very good (r = 0.74; r = 0.72, respectively) significant (p < 0.001) positive correlation between goniometric and radiographic techniques and between image analysis and radiographic techniques was observed. Clinical Significance Shoulder abduction angles measured with a stress radiograph-specific view provide objective data that may contribute to diagnosis of medial shoulder instability in dogs.
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Sanders, Timothy G., and Sean L. Jersey. "Conventional Radiography of the Shoulder." Seminars in Roentgenology 40, no. 3 (2005): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.ro.2005.01.012.
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Vezina, J. A. "Compensation filter for shoulder radiography." Radiology 155, no. 3 (1985): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.155.3.4001384.
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Ellenbecker, Todd S., Angelo J. Mattalino, Eric Elam, and Roger Caplinger. "Quantification of Anterior Translation of the Humeral Head in the Throwing Shoulder." American Journal of Sports Medicine 28, no. 2 (2000): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465000280020501.
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Clinical evaluation of humeral head translation relies mainly on manual tests to measure laxity in the human shoulder. The purposes of this study were to determine whether side-to-side differences exist in anterior humeral head translation in professional baseball pitchers, to compare manual laxity testing with stress radiography for quantifying humeral head translation, and to test intrarater reliability of the manual humeral head translation and stress radiography tests. Twenty professional baseball pitchers underwent bilateral manual anterior humeral head translation and stress radiographic tests. Stress radiography was performed by imparting a 15-daN anterior load to the shoulder in 90° of abduction with both neutral and 60° of external rotation and recording the glenohumeral joint translation at rest and under stress in each position. Eight subjects were retested to assess the reliability of these methods. Results showed no significant difference between the dominant and nondominant extremity in the amount of anterior humeral head translation measured manually and with stress radiography, nor significant correlation between anterior humeral head translation measured manually and by stress radiography. Testretest reliability was moderate-to-poor for the manual humeral head translation test and moderate for stress radiography.
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Blankstein, Alexander, Yigal Mirovski, Uri Givon, Aharon Chechick, Abraham Adunsky, and Avraham Ganel. "ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS IN THE EVALUATION OF SHOULDER PAIN." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 08, no. 04 (2004): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021895770400134x.
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The benefit of adding sonography to the examination of patients suffering from shoulder pain, was examined in this retrospective evaluation. A patient suffering from shoulder pain consults generally his family physician, who sends his patient first to a radiography and not to sonography. In 75% of the patients examined by sonography, shoulder lesions were diagnosed, demonstrated in only 33% of radiographs. Most patients had more than one lesion: 38% had partial or full-thickness tears of the supraspinatus tendon, about one third bicipital tendonitis, 18% irregularities of the humeral greater tuberosity, 10% subdeltoid bursitis and about 10% calcified tendonitis. In about a quarter of the patients, no pathology was found. Many patients had more than one lesion. In conclusion, clinicians encountering shoulder pain should not be content with conventional radiography and are encouraged to make sonographic examinations part of the early diagnostic protocol.
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Lubiatowski, Przemyslaw, Joanna Wałecka, and Jakub Stefaniak. "IMAGING IN ANTERIOR SHOULDER DISLOCATION." Issues of Rehabilitation, Orthopaedics, Neurophysiology and Sport Promotion – IRONS 37 (September 2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19271/irons-000149-2021-37.
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Shoulder dislocation is a very common musculoskeletal injury. Imaging in such cases serves an important role in the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Despite a pretty simple clinical diagnosis, the process itself is long for the patient and associated with multiple steps and decision making to regain function with low risk of prolonged disability (Zygmunt et al., 2013; Lubiatowski et al., 2016). There are also many controversies as well as significant diversity among surgeons regarding the timing and choice of particular diagnostic modalities used in diagnostics of different scenarios of shoulder dislocation. The aim of imaging in shoulder dislocation is to confirm dislocation and its direction and finally successful reduction. That usually is served by conventional radiography. Additionally, imaging may be required to identify soft tissue or bone injuries or, when necessary vascular and nerve injuries using different modalities (CT, MR, US). The selective radiographic evaluation may reduce the number of X-rays, costs, and most of all time before reduction and spent by a patient in an emergency unite. That should be used carefully to avoid misdiagnosis. Keywords: shoulder dislocation, imaging, radiography, instability, magnetic resonance
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Neep, M. J., and A. Aziz. "Radiography of the acutely injured shoulder." Radiography 17, no. 3 (2011): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2011.01.006.
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Albertsen, M., N. Egund, E. Jonsson, and L. Lidgren. "Assessment AT CT of the Rheumatoid Shoulder with Surgical Correlation." Acta Radiologica 35, no. 2 (1994): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519403500213.
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Eleven shoulders in 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined by conventional radiography and CT prior to cup hemiarthroplasty of the humeral head and the results were compared with the surgical findings. There was good agreement between preoperative CT and surgical findings. Humeral head cavities and erosions, with cortical boundaries, could be seen more accurately at CT than at conventional radiography. The HU of their contents corresponded to those of soft tissue, being granulomatous in nature at surgery. In 8 humeral heads CT disclosed large areas of fatty degeneration of bone marrow with HU between − 10 HU and − 76 HU that were not visible on the conventional radiographs. These “fatty cysts” had no cortical boundaries, unlike inflammatory granulomas, but both lesions may influence the surgical approach to hemiarthroplasty.
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Chin, Kuen, Alex Chowdhury, Dimitra Leivadiotou, Helen Marmery, and Philip Michael Ahrens. "The accuracy of plain radiographs in diagnosing degenerate rotator cuff disease." Shoulder & Elbow 11, no. 1_suppl (2017): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758573217743942.
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Background A number of radiographic signs have been previously demonstrated to be associated with degenerative rotator cuff tears. An ability to predict the presence of a tear by radiography would permit the early commencement of appropriate treatment and the avoidance of unnecessary invasive investigations. The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of using radiographic signs to predict the presence of a cuff tear on arthroscopy. Methods Fifty consecutive patients who had undergone shoulder arthroscopy and had pre-operative plain radiographs were included. Pre-operative radiographs were reviewed by a consultant shoulder surgeon, a consultant radiologist and a senior clinical fellow for the following signs: acromial spur; subjective reduction of subacromial space; sourcil sign; acromial acetabularization; os acromiale; greater tuberosity cortical irregularity; greater tuberosity sclerosis; humeral head rounding; cyst; and reduction in acromiohumeral head distance. Results The presence of tuberosity sclerosis ( p < 0.0001), tuberosity irregularities ( p < 0.0001), tuberosity cyst ( p = 0.004) and sourcil sign ( p = 0.019) was associated with the presence of a rotator cuff tear. The combined sensitivity of prediction of tear by the observers following radiographic review was 91.7%, with a combined negative predictive value of 80%. Conclusions The assessment of radiographs by senior clinicians is a useful tool for confirming the absence of a rotator cuff tear.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shoulder – Radiography"
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Willians, Razana. "Knowledge and understanding of radiographers regarding supraspinatus outlet projection for shoulder impingement syndrome." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4456.
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The shoulder is a complex anatomical structure and imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of shoulder conditions. The complexity of the shoulder’s anatomy has led to the development of multiple radiographic projections and techniques within plain film imaging with each projection intended to demonstrate specific aspects of the anatomy of the shoulder. However, reproducing the required projections can be difficult especially if radiographers are not familiar with the projections and their evaluation criteria. Literature has revealed the importance of a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of anatomy, patient positioning, beam direction and centring point, and evaluation criteria to ensure a quality projection for accurate diagnoses. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge and understanding of radiographers with regard to the supraspinatus outlet projection (SOP) for shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) and its evaluation criteria. The inferences derived from the research findings were used to develop guidelines for a structured in-service training programme for practising radiographers to optimise their knowledge and understanding of the supraspinatus outlet projection in shoulder impingement syndrome. The proposed study followed a quantitative approach. Furthermore, a descriptive, exploratory, contextual design was employed. The research population consisted of practising radiographers working in the public and private hospitals of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality. The data were collected by means of a structured self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of three sections. The first section requested demographic information from the participants. The second section assessed their knowledge and understanding regarding the scapular ‘Y’ and the supraspinatus outlet projections and shoulder impingement syndrome. The third section assessed their knowledge and understanding of anatomy and image evaluation/critiquing. The reliability and validity of the data collection instrument was ensured by conducting a pilot study and comparing the results with those of the main study. In addition, the expertise and guidance of a radiographer experienced in the clinical training of radiographers, the supervisor (who has twenty years’ experience in the teaching of radiographers) and a statistician was obtained. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed by means of a statistical programme and with the guidance of a statistician. The researcher ensured that the study was conducted in an ethical manner by adhering to the ethical principles of beneficence, justice and respect for persons.
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Medina, Giovanna Ignácio Subirá 1981. "Avaliação clínica e radiográfica do ombro de pacientes lesados medulares em programa de reabilitação." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313750.
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Orientador: Alberto Cliquet Junior<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T11:25:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2011<br>Resumo: A lesão da medula espinhal é uma afecção incapacitante e que é acompanhada de inúmeras complicações diretas e indiretas. No Brasil, ocorrem cerca de 6 a 8 mil novos casos por ano de LME e, desde o momento do trauma, os pacientes lesados medulares necessitam de cuidados direcionados que devem persistir mesmo após passados anos da lesão. A dor no ombro é o processo doloroso mais comum entre os pacientes com lesão medular que se queixam de dor nos membros superiores perfazendo 71% do total. Este é um estudo clínico e radiográfico que avaliou o ombro de pacientes tetraplégicos e paraplégicos que estavam em programa de reabilitação no Laboratório de Biomecânica e Reabilitação do Aparelho locomotor do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Os objetivos foram estabelecer a utilidade da radiografia como exame de triagem para dor no ombro de pacientes lesados medulares. Trinta e dois ombros de 16 pacientes foram avaliados clinica e radiograficamente. Os pacientes foram divididos em 2 grupos: paraplégicos e tetraplégicos. Um grupo controle de 16 indivíduos normais, voluntários, foi selecionado. Dor no ombro foi encontrada em 89% dos tetraplégicos e em 43% dos paraplégicos. O tempo desde a lesão variou de 1.5-22 anos (média 7.88 anos); a média de idade dos pacientes foi de 35 anos (variou de 21-57 anos). A medida da articulação acromioclavicular variou de 0.03-0.7cm para o lado direito e 0.15-0.7cm para o lado esquerdo, com média de 0.37cm e 0.41cm respectivamente. Não foi encontrada correlação alguma entre dor no ombro e sexo, idade ou tempo da lesão. Houve uma tendência a correlação entre dor no ombro e tipo de lesão, com tendência dos tetraplégicos em apresentar sintomas dolorosos. Na média, os tetraplégicos apresentaram menores medidas da articulação acromioclavicular. Com os dados deste estudo, não houve confirmação da hipótese de que achados radiográficos pudessem indicar risco de desenvolver dor no ombro em pacientes lesados medulares<br>Abstract: Spinal Cord injury is a very disabling condition that has many direct and indirect complications. In Brazil, there are around 6 to 8 thousand new cases each year and the patients need specific care from the moment of the lesion even through years after the SCI. Shoulder pain is the most common painful process among SCI patients that complaint of pain in the upper extremities, representing 71% of the total. This was a clinical and radiographic study which evaluated the shoulders of tetraplegic and paraplegic patients who attend the rehabilitation program of the Biomechanics and Locomotor-System Rehabilitation Laboratory of the University Hospital of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP). The objective was to establish the usefulness of radiography as a screening exam for shoulder pain in spinal cord injured patients. Thirty two shoulders of sixteen patients were evaluated by clinical exam and radiography. Patients were divided into two groups: paraplegic and tetraplegic. A control group of 16 normal volunteer subjects was selected. Shoulder pain was reported in 89% of tetraplegic and 43% of paraplegic. The time of injury ranged from 1.5 - 22 years (mean 7.88 years); patients had a mean age of 35 years (range, 21-57 years). The acromioclavicular joint space ranged from 0.03-0.7cm on the right side and 0.15-0.7cm on the left side, with a mean of 0.37 and 0.41cm respectively. No correlation was found between shoulder pain and gender, age or time since injury. There was a trend to correlation between shoulder pain and type of injury with tetraplegic having a tendency to pain symptoms. On average, tetraplegic had smaller acromioclavicular joint. With this study we were not able to confirm the hypothesis that radiography could be used to predict risk factor for developing shoulder pain among SCI patients<br>Mestrado<br>Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica<br>Mestre em Ciências
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Lagacé, Pierre-yves. "Développement et validation d’une méthode d’évaluation destranslations glénohumérales 3d sous EOS(mc)." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENAM0059/document.
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L'analyse morpho-fonctionnelle précise de l'épaule, notamment au niveau de l'articulation glénohumérale (GH), permettrait d'améliorer notre compréhension des dysfonctions de l'épaule associées aux ruptures de la coiffe des rotateurs. Cependant, des difficultés techniques compliquent l'analyse de la morphologie et du mouvement de l'épaule dans un contexte clinique. Dans le cadre de la présente thèse, une méthode d'analyse 3D des translations GH basée sur l'acquisition de séquences de radiographies biplanes sous EOS™ a été développée. Une étude pilote sur 10 sujets sains a d'abord permis de vérifier la facilité d'application d'un protocole d'acquisition des images et d'évaluer la répétabilité de l'identification des repères anatomiques de l'épaule sur les radiographies. La méthode proposée en dernier lieu permet, suite à l'acquisition de radiographies, de reconstruire un modèle personnalisé morpho-réaliste de la scapula et un modèle simplifié de l'humérus. Ces modèles sont ensuite recalés interactivement sur les images acquises à différentes positions du bras et utilisés pour décrire les translations GH à ces positions. La méthode a été validée en termes de précision et de répétabilité sur des images acquises d'épaules cadavériques et de patients ayant des ruptures de la coiffe des rotateurs. La dernière partie du travail présenté ici consiste à appliquer la méthode développée à 30 sujets (25 patients et 5 sujets sains) pour lesquels l'état de la coiffe des rotateurs et la fonction de l'épaule ont été évalués, puis à étudier les corrélations entre les translations GH et la fonction de l'épaule<br>Precise morpho-functional analysis of the shoulder, including of the glenohumeral (GH) joint, would allow improving our understanding of shoulder dysfunction associated to rotator cuff tears. However, technical difficulties make analysis of shoulder morphology and motion difficult in a clinical setting. The work carried out during this thesis allowed developing a method for 3D analysis of GH translations relying on the acquisition of sequences of biplanar radiographs with the EOS™ system. A pilot study carried out on 10 healthy subjects allowed verifying the ease of application of an image acquisition protocol and evaluating the repeatability of shoulder landmark identification on the radiographs. The final proposed method allows, following the acquisition of radiographs, obtaining a personalized morphologically realistic reconstruction of the scapula and a simplified model of the humerus. These models are then interactively registered to the images acquired at different arm positions and used to describe GH translations for these positions. The proposed method was validated in terms of precision and repeatability on images acquired of cadaveric shoulders and of patients with rotator cuff tears. The last part of the work presented here consists in applying the developed method to 30 subjects (25 patients and 5 asymptomatic subjects) for whom rotator cuff condition and shoulder function were assessed, and to study correlations between GH translations and shoulder function
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Backhaus, Marina M. "Stellenwert der Arthrosonographie in der Früharthritisdiagnostik bei Erkrankungen des entzündlich-rheumatischen Formenkreises." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/13859.
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Bei der vorgelegten Habilitationsschrift handelt es sich um eine kumulative Arbeit. In den einzelnen Originalarbeiten werden die Probleme der bildgebenden Verfahren bei der Diagnostik einer Früharthritis sowie Empfehlungen zur Technik und Evaluierung des Stellenwertes der Arthrosonographie in der Diagnostik rheumatischer Krankheitsbilder, beispielhaft an unterschiedlichen Gelenken dargestellt. In einer prospektiven bildgebenden Verlaufsstudie werden vier bildgebende Verfahren (konventionelle Röntgendiagnostik, Drei-Phasen-Skelett-Szintigraphie, Arthrosonographie, dynamische MR-Tomographie) neben dem klinischen Untersuchungsbefund hinsichtlich des Nachweises des frühentzündlichen Weichteil- und Knochenprozesses initial von 60 Patienten und im Verlauf von 49 Patienten mit arthritischen Erkrankungen der Fingergelenke untersucht. Im Ergebnis konnte gezeigt werden, dass die MR-Tomographie, die Arthrosonographie und die Drei-Phasen-Skelett-Szintigraphie sensitiver im Nachweis eines entzündlichen Gelenkprozesses sind als die konventionelle Röntgendiagnostik. Die Sonographie erlaubt dabei einen sensitiven Nachweis der entzündlichen Weichteilläsionen in Form einer sich entwickelnden Synovitis und Tenosynovitis, ist jedoch im Vergleich zur MR-Tomographie nicht optimal im Nachweis der Knochenerosionen. Oberflächlich liegende Knochenläsionen werden mittels Sonographie besser erfasst als tiefer liegende Knochenläsionen. Der Einsatz der Szintigraphie ist weniger geeignet als die Sonographie und MR-Tomographie im Nachweis des frühentzündlichen Gelenkprozesses wegen ihrer unzureichenden Spezifität. Die MR-Tomographie zeigte sich ebenso sensitiver als die konventionelle Röntgendiagnostik im Nachweis der entzündlichen Weichteilläsionen als auch im Nachweis von Erosionen. Die konventionelle Röntgendiagnostik ist nicht sensitiv genug im Nachweis einer Früharthritis mit frühen Knorpel- und Knochenläsionen. Die Sonographie erlaubt eine gute Differenzierung zwischen Erguss, Synovialis, Proliferation und Tenosynovitis. Knochenläsionen werden mittels Sonographie ebenfalls früher nachgewiesen als mittels konventioneller Röntgendiagnostik aber nicht in dem Ausmaß wie mittels MR-Tomographie. Auch wenn die MR-Tomographie sich empfindlicher erwies in dem Aufzeigen früher Gelenkläsionen, so hat die Arthrosonographie eine große Bedeutung in der täglichen Praxis als eine leicht einzusetzende, kostengünstige und patientenfreundliche Untersuchungsmethode. Die Arthrosonographie und die MR-Tomographie sind hilfreiche diagnostische Verfahren bei Arthritis-Patienten mit negativem Röntgenbefund.<br>This work represents a cumulative collection of several original papers addressing problems of imaging techniques in early arthritis. Guidelines of technique and evaluation of musculoskeletal sonography in the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases are shown on example of different joints. A prospective imaging study was performed to compare conventional radiography, three-phase-bone-scintigraphy, ultrasonography (US), 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical course in 60 patients initially and 49 patients at follow-up of patients with arthritis of finger joints at two years. We could show that MRI, US and scintigraphy were more sensitive in detection of early arthritic changes than conventional radiography. The sonography was able to detect early inflammatory soft tissue changes such e.g. synovitis and tenosynovitis and demonstrate erosions very sensitively and earlier than conventional radiography. Superficially located bone lesions were detected better than deeper lesions by sonography. Scintigraphy was not suitable for the detection of early erosion because of its low specificity. Moreover, MRI was a sensitive method for the detecting of both soft tissue lesions and early erosions in arthritis. The conventional radiography was unsufficient sensitive in detection of early arthritis with early cartilage and bone lesions. The sonography allows a good differentiation between effusion, synovitis proliferation and tenosynovitis. Bone lesions were detected earlier by sonography than conventional radiography though not to the same extent as 3D MRI. Musculoskeletal sonography is most valuable in a clinical setting because of its good handling, low costs and patient convinience, whereas MRI appears to be the most sensitive detection method of early joint lesions. Overall, sonography and MRI are helpful diagnostic tools in arthritis patients with negative radiographic findings.
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Fenollosa, Artés Felip. "Contribució a l'estudi de la impressió 3D per a la fabricació de models per facilitar l'assaig d'operacions quirúrgiques de tumors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667421.
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La present tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en el repte d’aconseguir, mitjançant Fabricació Additiva (FA), models per a assaig quirúrgic, sota la premissa que els equips per fer-los haurien de ser accessibles a l’àmbit hospitalari. L’objectiu és facilitar l’extensió de l’ús dels prototips com a eina de preparació d’operacions quirúrgiques, transformant la pràctica mèdica actual de la mateixa manera que en el seu moment ho van fer tecnologies com les que van facilitar l’ús de radiografies. El motiu d’utilitzar FA, en lloc de tecnologies més tradicionals, és la seva capacitat de materialitzar de forma directa les dades digitals obtingudes de l’anatomia del pacient mitjançant sistemes d’escanejat tridimensional, fent possible l’obtenció de models personalitzats. Els resultats es centren en la generació de nou coneixement sobre com aconseguir equipaments d’impressió 3D multimaterials accessibles que permetin l’obtenció de models mimètics respecte als teixits vius. Per facilitar aquesta buscada extensió de la tecnologia, s’ha focalitzat en les tecnologies de codi obert com la Fabricació per Filament Fos (FFF) i similars basades en líquids catalitzables. La recerca s’alinea dins l’activitat de desenvolupament de la FA al CIM UPC, i en aquest àmbit concret amb la col·laboració amb l’Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloc de la tesi inclou la descripció de l’estat de l’art, detallant les tecnologies existents i la seva aplicació a l’entorn mèdic. S’han establert per primer cop unes bases de caracterització dels teixits vius -sobretot tous- per donar suport a la selecció de materials que els puguin mimetitzar en un procés de FA, a efectes de millorar l’experiència d’assaig dels cirurgians. El caràcter rígid dels materials majoritàriament usats en impressió 3D els fa poc útils per simular tumors i altres referències anatòmiques. De forma successiva, es tracten paràmetres com la densitat, la viscoelasticitat, la caracterització dels materials tous a la indústria, l’estudi del mòdul elàstic de teixits tous i vasos, la duresa d’aquests, i requeriments com l’esterilització dels models. El segon bloc comença explorant la impressió 3D mitjançant FFF. Es classifiquen les variants del procés des del punt de vista de la multimaterialitat, essencial per fer models d’assaig quirúrgic, diferenciant entre solucions multibroquet i de barreja al capçal. S’ha inclòs l’estudi de materials (filaments i líquids) que serien més útils per mimetitzar teixits tous. Es constata com en els líquids, en comparació amb els filaments, la complexitat del treball en processos de FA és més elevada, i es determinen formes d’imprimir materials molt tous. Per acabar, s’exposen sis casos reals de col·laboració amb l’HJSD, una selecció d’aquells en els que el doctorand ha intervingut en els darrers anys. L’origen es troba en la dificultat de l’abordatge d’operacions de resecció de tumors infantils com el neuroblastoma, i a la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalment, el Bloc 3 té per objecte explorar nombrosos conceptes (fins a 8), activitat completada al llarg dels darrers cinc anys amb el suport dels mitjans del CIM UPC i de l’activitat associada a treballs finals d’estudis d’estudiants de la UPC, arribant-se a materialitzar equipaments experimentals per validar-los. La recerca ampla i sistemàtica al respecte fa que s’estigui més a prop de disposar d’una solució d’impressió 3D multimaterial de sobretaula. Es determina que la millor via de progrés és la de disposar d’una pluralitat de capçals independents a fi de capacitar la impressora 3D per integrar diversos conceptes estudiats, materialitzant-se una possible solució. Cloent la tesi, es planteja com seria un equipament d’impressió 3D per a models d’assaig quirúrgic, a fi de servir de base per a futurs desenvolupaments.<br>La presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en el reto de conseguir, mediante Fabricación
Aditiva (FA), modelos para ensayo quirúrgico, bajo la premisa que los equipos para
obtenerlos tendrían que ser accesibles al ámbito hospitalario. El objetivo es facilitar la
extensión del uso de modelos como herramienta de preparación de operaciones
quirúrgicas, transformando la práctica médica actual de la misma manera que, en su
momento, lo hicieron tecnologías como las que facilitaron el uso de radiografías. El
motivo de utilizar FA, en lugar de tecnologías más tradicionales, es su capacidad de
materializar de forma directa los datos digitales obtenidos de la anatomía del paciente
mediante sistemas de escaneado tridimensional, haciendo posible la obtención de
modelos personalizados.
Los resultados se centran en la generación de nuevo conocimiento para conseguir
equipamientos de impresión 3D multimateriales accesibles que permitan la obtención de
modelos miméticos respecto a los tejidos vivos. Para facilitar la buscada extensión de la
tecnología, se ha focalizado en las tecnologías de código abierto como la Fabricación
por Hilo Fundido (FFF) y similares basadas en líquidos catalizables. Esta investigación
se alinea dentro de la actividad de desarrollo de la FA en el CIM UPC, y en este ámbito
concreto con la colaboración con el Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD).
El primer bloque de la tesis incluye la descripción del estado del arte, detallando las
tecnologías existentes y su aplicación al entorno médico. Se han establecido por primera
vez unas bases de caracterización de los tejidos vivos – principalmente blandos – para
dar apoyo a la selección de materiales que los puedan mimetizar en un proceso de FA, a
efectos de mejorar la experiencia de ensayo de los cirujanos. El carácter rígido de los
materiales mayoritariamente usados en impresión 3D los hace poco útiles para simular
tumores y otras referencias anatómicas. De forma sucesiva, se tratan parámetros como
la densidad, la viscoelasticidad, la caracterización de materiales blandos en la industria,
el estudio del módulo elástico de tejidos blandos y vasos, la dureza de los mismos, y
requerimientos como la esterilización de los modelos.
El segundo bloque empieza explorando la impresión 3D mediante FFF. Se clasifican las
variantes del proceso desde el punto de vista de la multimaterialidad, esencial para hacer
modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, diferenciando entre soluciones multiboquilla y de mezcla
en el cabezal. Se ha incluido el estudio de materiales (filamentos y líquidos) que serían
más útiles para mimetizar tejidos blandos. Se constata como en los líquidos, en
comparación con los filamentos, la complejidad del trabajo en procesos de FA es más
elevada, y se determinan formas de imprimir materiales muy blandos. Para acabar, se
exponen seis casos reales de colaboración con el HJSD, una selección de aquellos en los
que el doctorando ha intervenido en los últimos años. El origen se encuentra en la
dificultad del abordaje de operaciones de resección de tumores infantiles como el
neuroblastoma, y en la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel.
Finalmente, el Bloque 3 desarrolla numerosos conceptos (hasta 8), actividad completada a lo largo de los últimos cinco años con el apoyo de los medios del CIM UPC y de la actividad asociada a trabajos finales de estudios de estudiantes de la UPC, llegándose a materializar equipamientos experimentales para validarlos. La investigación amplia y sistemática al respecto hace que se esté más cerca de disponer de una solución de impresión 3D multimaterial de sobremesa. Se determina que la mejor vía de progreso es la de disponer de una pluralidad de cabezales independientes, a fin de capacitar la impresora 3D para integrar diversos conceptos estudiados, materializándose una posible solución.
Para cerrar la tesis, se plantea cómo sería un equipamiento de impresión 3D para
modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, a fin de servir de base para futuros desarrollos.
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Redman, Jade Lee. "The correlation between the suspected clinical diagnoses and the radiographic diagnoses for patients with shoulder pain." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1544.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016.<br>Background
The association between the radiographic and clinical findings of shoulder pain is unclear and it is not fully understood how plain film radiographs of the shoulder influence the suspected clinical diagnosis and conservative management of shoulder pain at the Chiropractic Day Clinic (CDC) at the Durban University of Technology (DUT). Previous research at the CDC reported that plain film radiographs did not significantly influence the suspected clinical diagnosis and conservation management of the lumbar spine and knee conditions. This study was conducted in order to determine if a similar trend was observed for plain film radiographs of the shoulder and the suspected clinical diagnosis and conservative management of shoulder pain.
Objectives
Objective 1: To determine the association between the suspected clinical diagnosis and radiographic diagnosis of shoulder pain.
Objective 2: To describe the type of incidental radiographic findings in the selected plain film radiographs of the shoulder.
Objective 3: To determine the proportion of change in the suspected clinical diagnosis and the conservative management of shoulder after obtaining the radiographic report.
Method
The archives of the CDC at the Durban University of Technology were searched for plain film radiographs of the shoulder and corresponding patients’ records from 4 April 1992 to 19 September 2011. These were collected, examined and evaluated, and the relevant data was extracted. Statistical analysis included the use of percentages, mean, standard deviation, range and frequency counts for the descriptive objectives. The suspected clinical diagnoses were categorized into groups (trauma, mechanical conditions, muscular or tendon dysfunction, capsular syndromes, neurological conditions, arthritides and other). These were then constructed using two-by-two tables for the absence or presence of radiographic diagnoses versus the suspected clinical diagnosis. The McNemars chi square test was used to determine any association between the radiographic and suspected clinical diagnosis.
Results
The mean age of the patients whose clinical and plain film radiographic records were examined was 43.5 years, with 53.7% male and 46.3% female patients. It was not possible to find an association between the suspected clinical and radiographic diagnoses as the categories were too different for statistical testing to be done. Thirty one (57.4%) plain film radiographs were requested at the first consultation. In 53.7% (29/54 radiographs) of cases, no specific suspected clinical diagnosis was given and “suspected pathology” was the reason given for referral. Of the 54 patients, 21 had a change in the suspected clinical diagnosis; however, in many of these cases (13/21) it was not a direct result of the radiographic findings. A wide range of treatments were used both before and after plain film radiographs, including soft tissue therapy, manipulation and electrotherapy. There was no significant change in the frequency of use of any of the modalities post-radiographs.
Conclusion
The reasons provided for ordering plain film radiographs were sometimes vague or even invalid. Although there was a change in 21 of the 54 suspected clinical diagnoses it was not conclusively as a result of the radiographic findings. The management of shoulder complaints did not change appreciatively following plain film radiographs. These findings suggest that the current use of plain film radiographs in the clinical and management context at the CDC needs to be reviewed.<br>M
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Daniels, Todd P. "Evaluation of the lateral scapular slide test using radiographic imaging : a validity and reliability study." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/32104.
Full textAbstract:
Function of the shoulder complex is highly dependent on the relationship between the scapula
and the humerus. Etiologies for the disruption of the glenohumeral relationship include impaired
or abnormal scapular function, motion, or position. The lateral scapular slide test (LSST) has
been developed as a clinical tool to assess this phenomenon, also known as scapular dyskinesis.
The primary purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the LSST by comparing the
clinical measurements on the skin surface to the actual anatomical distance between the scapula
and the spine as seen on radiographic images. The secondary purpose of this study was to
determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the LSST. Nine subjects (18 shoulders) were
assessed with the clinical LSST and radiographic images in three test positions (0��, 45��, and 90��
of glenohumeral abduction). Comparison of the clinical LSST measurements with the
radiographs revealed the LSST to be valid (>0.80) in only the 0�� and 45�� test positions with
respective Pearson correlation values of 0.91 and 0.98. Excellent (>0.75) intra-rater ICC (2,1)
reliability (0.91-0.97) was found for all three test positions. Inter-rater ICC (2,1) reliability
values were excellent for the 0�� (0.87) and 45�� (0.83) test positions, and fair to good for the 90��
position (0.71). This study demonstrated that the LSST is an accurate and consistent measure of
scapular movement and position for the 0�� and 45�� test positions. Clinicians should exercise
caution when interpreting measurements obtained at the 90�� test position because the validity and
reliability values did not reach established standards.<br>Graduation date: 2002
Books on the topic "Shoulder – Radiography"
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P, Iannotti Joseph, and Schnall Mitchell D, eds. MRI of the shoulder. Raven Press, 1991.
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Willis, Judith. Why women don't get mammograms (and why they should): By Judith Willis. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, Office of Public Affairs, 1988.
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J, Sartoris David, ed. Principles of shoulder imaging. McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division, 1995.
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(Editor), A. Mark Davies, and Jürg Hodler (Editor), eds. Imaging of the Shoulder: Techniques and Applications (Medical Radiology / Diagnostic Imaging). Springer, 2004.
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(Contributor), Juergen Maeurer, J. Jerosch (Contributor), J. Kramer (Contributor), et al., eds. Imaging Strategies for the Shoulder. Thieme Medical Publishers, 2004.
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Zlatkin, Michael B. MRI of the Shoulder. 2nd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.
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Brockmeier, Stephen F. MRI-Arthroscopy Correlations: A Case-Based Atlas of the Knee, Shoulder, Elbow and Hip. Springer, 2016.
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Hughes, Jim. Shoulder and humerus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198813170.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
Surgical intervention is sometimes required to ensure correct reduction and functionality of the limb. Due to the location of the shoulder and humerus next to the torso and the relative infrequency of such procedures, they can represent a challenge for the radiographer. This chapter covers a selection of orthopaedic procedures involving the shoulder and proximal humerus, covering clavicle plating, tuberosity fracture fixation with screws, plating of the proximal humerus and shoulder, plating of the humeral shaft, and antegrade and retrograde intramedullary nailing of the humerus. Each procedure includes images that demonstrate the position of the C-arm, patient, and surgical equipment, with accompanying radiographs demonstrating the resulting images.
Book chapters on the topic "Shoulder – Radiography"
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Unett, Elizabeth M., and Amanda J. Royle. "Shoulder girdle." In Radiographic Techniques and Image Evaluation. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2997-6_2.
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Walch, G., A. Boulahia, R. Badet, N. Riand, and J. F. Kempf. "Primary Gleno-humeral Osteoarthritis: Clinical and Radiographic Classification." In Shoulder Arthroplasty. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58365-0_21.
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Leung, Joyce H. Y., and James F. Griffith. "Current Protocols for Radiographic and CT Evaluation of the Shoulder." In The Shoulder. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06240-8_1.
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Nové-Josserand, L., and M. Basso. "Atraumatic Avascular Necrosis of the Humeral Head: Clinical and Radiographic Classification." In Shoulder Arthroplasty. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58365-0_26.
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McElwain, J. P., and E. English. "Radiographic and Clinical Assessment of the Macnab-English Porous-Coated Total Shoulder Replacement." In Shoulder Replacement. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71625-6_34.
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Russell, Stephen M., Israel Alfonso, and John A. I. Grossman. "Observations on the Etiology of Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy Based on Radiographic, Intraoperative, and Histologic Findings." In Shoulder Dystocia and Birth Injury. Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-473-5_21.
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Joshi, Shyamsundar K., and Annie I. Kochuveettil. "Radiology for Maxillofacial Surgeons: The Essentials." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_8.
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AbstractThe current scenario of radiological imaging of the maxillofacial region is a far cry from its humble beginnings. Rapid strides have been made over the years, with Radiology having made an immense impact on the practice of maxillofacial surgery. These advances in imaging, play a vital role not only in the diagnosis of maxillofacial disease conditions but also in the planning and implementation of appropriate and timely treatment. Since Radiology has a crucial role to play in the practice of maxillofacial surgery it is essential that a MFS should have basic understanding of the core concepts of different imaging techniques, their similarities and differences and should also be able to comprehend how imaging helps both diagnosing the clinical condition of a patient as well as management of the same.Chest Radiography and High-Resolution Ultrasound of the cheek are two imaging techniques, that are both useful and of interest to the MFS and so have been discussed in elaboration. Chest radiographs are one of the imaging investigations most frequently requested for and is of prime importance in many patient pathways. High resolution ultrasound too has a wide range of applications in the maxillofacial region, of which cheek imaging is of paramount importance. There being a paucity in existing literature on this newer investigative technique, this writeup is aimed both at creating awareness about it among maxillofacial surgeons and also at conveying the important role it plays in the management of MFS patients.
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Vermorken, Jan B. "Where and when to Use Induction Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_11.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe treatment of locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA-HNSCC) is reviewed, highlighting the milestones in systemic therapy in that setting, with focus on the role of induction chemotherapy (ICT). The road to what is now considered the standard ICT regimen, i.e. the TPF (docetaxel/cisplatin/5-FU) regimen is described, and the differences between the European and the American TPF are discussed. The article describes the respective roles of ICT for larynx preservation, for treatment intensification, its role in patients with borderline resectable or unresectable oral cavity cancer, its role as a selection tool for radiotherapy dose de-escalation in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) and its potential future role in strategies aiming at synchronous oligometastatic disease.ICT has an established role for organ preservation in advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer and the TPF regimen has been validated in that setting. This approach is presently being compared in a randomized controlled trial to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), which in many parts of the world is considered the standard organ preservation procedure. There remains uncertainty about the benefit of the sequential approach of ICT followed by CCRT, despite the fact that ICT significantly reduces the occurrence of distant metastases. It is advised that future studies should include patients who have the highest risk to develop distant metastases, in particular patients with low neck nodes and matted nodes. Moreover, further studies in patients with HPV-associated OPSCC at risk for distant failure (T4 or N3 disease) should be considered for that also. These approaches still need to be confirmed in adequately sized randomized controlled trials. Outside clinical trials, the utility of ICT is restricted to uniquely pragmatic clinical scenarios, such as unavoidable delay in radiation or in the situation that RT is not tolerated or feasible. This can happen when there is severe pain from advanced disease or there is impending airway compromise or neurologic dysfunction that necessitates rapid initiation of treatment. In all those circumstances whether within the context of trials or outside trials, it is imperative that the present backbone of ICT, the TPF regimen, is being administered by experienced oncologists, familiar with the necessary protocols and supportive care requirements to ensure patient safety and maximize adherence throughout the treatment.Future areas of research are the role of ICT in strategies whereby ICT is combined with upfront metastases-directed treatments and the usefulness of targeted agents or immune checkpoint inhibitors in the induction setting. Studies in that direction have already started. Finally, the application of radiographic, proteomic and genomic biomarkers will get attention to further define prognostic groups and guide treatment selection with greater precision.
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"The Shoulder." In Clark's Positioning in Radiography 12Ed. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13640-4.
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Weaver, Martin, and Safia Barakzai. "Radiography of the Shoulder." In Handbook of Equine Radiography. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7020-2863-2.50013-2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Shoulder – Radiography"
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Feuerriegel, G. C., F. Kopp, D. Pfeiffer, et al. "Evaluation of MR-derived Simulated CT-like Images and Simulated Radiographs Compared with Conventional Radiography in Patients with Suspected Shoulder Pathology." In 28th Annual Scientific Meeting of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR), Virtual Edition, June 2021. Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731541.
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Massimini, Daniel F., Jon J. P. Warner, and Guoan Li. "Dynamic In-Vivo Scapular Motion in Abduction and Adduction." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192660.
Full textAbstract:
Preserving scapular function following total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is essential for maintaining the normal range of dynamic motion of the shoulder joint complex. However, the ability to accurately measure in-vivo glenohumeral and scapular motion remains a challenge in the field of bioengineering. Single plane radiography was used to explore scapular rotation, but is limited to motion parallel to the imaging plane [1]. Bi-plane x-ray systems have been developed to overcome this limitation; however, these systems can suffer from relatively high radiation dosages [2, 3]. To minimize these effects, 6DOF electromagnetic tracking devices have been attached to the shoulder joint complex to measure scapulothoracic kinematics; except at large humeral abduction angles they can suffer skin motion artifacts [4, 5]. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and repeatability of using dual orthogonal cine fluoroscopy to quantify the dynamic scapular motions of living subjects after anatomic TSA, simulating an arm raise/lower cycle of drinking from a coffee mug.
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Mori, Masako, Toshibumi Kashiwa, and Yoshimitsu Aoki. "New IQI for Digital Radiography." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26188.
Full textAbstract:
Radiographic Test (RT) has been widely used in industries to detect inner defects of welded structures or any other significant components. Especially in the nuclear industry, film radiography is the dominant and standardized procedure in performing radiographic testing. Lately emphasis is on digital radiography. One of the most serious concerns for digitization is the lack of image resolution standardizing device like resolution gauge which would determine imaging parameters such as modular transfer function (MTF). This paper proposes line pair type image quality indicator (IQI) corresponding to the current IQIs for both hole and wire type. The advantage of this IQI is to enable easier calibration of testing conditions and quantification of digital RT image quality with required MTF that should be clearly defined in the examination procedures. Furthermore, to acquire “resolution-ensured” digital image of existing RT films, we developed line pair type standardization film. Prototypes of line pair type IQI and line pair type standardization film are currently in the validation study and trial implementing process. These results are also reported in this paper.
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"An Informative Machine-Learning Tool for Diagnosis of Osteoporosis using Routine Femoral Neck Radiographs." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4350.
Full textAbstract:
Aim/Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the structure of the bone tissue by using texture analysis of the bone trabeculae, as visualized in a routine radiograph of the proximal femur . This could provide objective information regarding both the mineral content and the spatial structure of bone tissue. Therefore, machine-learning tools were applied to explore the use of texture analysis for obtaining information on the bone strength. Background: One in three women in the world develops osteoporosis, which weakens the bones, causes atraumatic fractures and lowers the quality of life. The damage to the bones can be minimized by early diagnosis of the disease and preventive treatment, including appropriate nutrition, bone-building exercise and medications. Osteoporosis is currently diagnosed primarily by DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry), which measures the bone mineral density alone. However, bone strength is determined not only by its mineral density but also by the spatial structure of bone trabeculae. In order to obtain valuable information regarding the bone strength, the mineral content and the spatial structure of the bone tissue should be objectively assessed. Methodology: The study includes 17 radiographs of in-vitro femurs without soft tissue and 44 routine proximal femur radiographs (15 subjects with osteoporotic fractures and 29 without a fracture). The critical force required to fracture the in-vitro femurs was measured and the bones were divided into two groups: 11 solid bones with critical fracture force higher than 4.9kN and 6 fragile bones with critical fracture force lower than 4.9kN. All the radiographs included an aluminum step-wedge for calibrating the gray-levels values (See Figure 3). An algorithm was developed to automatically adjust the gray levels in order to yield equal brightness and contrast. Findings: The algorithm characterized the in-vitro bones with as fragile or solid with an accuracy of 88%. For the radiographs of the patients, the algorithm characterized the bones as osteoporotic or non-osteoporotic with an accuracy of 86%. The most prominent features for estimating the bone strength were the mean gray-level, which is related to bone density, and the smoothness, uniformity and entropy, which are related to the spatial distribution of the bone trabeculae. Impact on Society: Analysis of bone tissue structure, using machine-learning tools will provide a significant information on the bone strength, for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. The structure analysis can be performed on routine radiographs of the proximal femur, with high accuracy. Future Research: The algorithm for automatic structure analysis of bone tissue as visualized on a routine femoral radiograph should be further trained on a larger dataset of routine radiographs in order to improve the accuracy of assessing the bone strength.
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Chatellier, Laurence, Valery E. Just, Louis Fournier, Bruno Charbonnier, and Lionel Robillard. "Characterization Improvement Through Signal Processing: Application to Radiography Inspection — 3D Reconstruction." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71617.
Full textAbstract:
During in-service inspections, experts are faced with the delicate task of establishing a complete diagnosis of defects from radiographs. Should a defect be detected, one must be able to demonstrate that the component still meets regulatory requirements. Thus, it is essential to be able to characterize precisely the defect, especially when the demonstration relies on mechanical calculus. However the characterization of the defect by only g or X-ray is sometimes very difficult, and the justification process can thus be jeopardized. In such cases, signal processing can be very helpful for the interpretation of the data and for the characterization (positioning and sizing) of the defect. This paper presents a 3-D reconstruction processing in hard conditions representatives of pipe inspections: the incidence angle is very reduced and thus the radiographs contain very little information along the vertical direction. The reconstruction process relies on the estimation of the attenuation. It is called inversion because it restores the attenuation from both data and prior information. The method has been tested on radiographs of a block with real defects and the performances were evaluated from a mock-up with several electro-drilled cylindrical defects. Even in the case of limited incidence, the method provides very useful 3D results. Moreover this process can be applied whatever the nature of the source. When a larger source is used in order to inspect thick components, signal processing allows to reduce the inevitable blur which leads to improved accuracy. In conclusion, signal processing and especially 3D reconstruction in the case of radiography can turn out to be a key step fur in-service inspection of major NPP components.
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Henninger, Heath B., Michael D. Harris, Kristen R. Petersen, Robert T. Burks, and Robert Z. Tashjian. "Comparison of Methods to Predict Scapular Notching From Radiographs After Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80194.
Full textAbstract:
Scapular notching is a complication of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) that results in bone loss on the lateral border of the scapula. Notching has been reported in up to 86% of patients at 5 year follow-up [1], and is graded 1–4 as a function of progressive bone loss [2]. Notching may arise from impingement, erosion, periprosthetic osteolysis, stress shielding or a combination of these [1]. Glenosphere position can mitigate notching by limiting hardware impingement [3–5], but may increase the forces required to abduct the arm [6]. Clinicians might optimize patient range of motion and function via implant placement if susceptibility to notching was known a-priori.
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Amadi, Hippolite O. "A 3D Shoulder Scan Compatible Humeral Coordinate System for Glenohumeral Joint Kinematics." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206387.
Full textAbstract:
Advanced surgical planning techniques often require modeling the functional characteristics of the affected body region. Most patient-specific modeling in vivo relies on medical image scans that are expensive and may also allow patient’s exposure to ionizing radiation. This poses a challenge for the modeling of the kinematics of the glenohumeral joint (GHJ) based on the tissue geometries of the affected patients. The humeral morphology uniquely presents its canal (HC) and epicondyle (EC) axes as the two longest axes that are nearly orthogonal. This gives them the mathematical advantages as best axes for the definition of humeral coordinate system (HCS), especially from 2D radiographic images. This is however limited in 3D in vivo kinematics as minimization of radiation exposure may not allow medical imaging of the whole volume of interest all the way down to the distal epicondyles. It is therefore necessary that landmarks for use are captured within the field of view (FOV) of standard shoulder scans. This would avoid extra radiation exposure to patients and imaging cost as the scan might have been used earlier for traditional diagnosis. The aims of this study were to (1) confirm that HC-axis quantified from a ‘stack of discs (SOD)’ technique was the most reliable and consistent (2) identify the most closely oriented or most inter-subject related axis to the EC-axis for its replacement or prediction respectively from 3D proximal humeral scan and (3) use these to propose a HCS definition procedure that can be applied to a standard shoulder scan.
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Cajita, Melanie S., Marlyn C. Grancapal, and Rudolf A. Sia. "Enabling Scanning Acoustic Microscopy Inspection of Materials Underneath the Chamfer of the Package." In ISTFA 2013. ASM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2013p0448.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper describes how scanning acoustic microscopy can be used to inspect materials under the chamfer of electronic device packages. The technique involves the use of copper tape to locate the areas affected by the chamfer during X-ray radiography. The results are then correlated with known critical package and assembly geometries to determine how far parallel lapping should proceed to ensure that the areas of interest will become observable under acoustic microscopy without interfering with the functionality of the device.
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Iaquinto, Joseph M., Richard Tsai, Michael J. Fassbind, David R. Haynor, Bruce J. Sangeorzan, and William R. Ledoux. "Design and Marker-Based Validation of a Biplane Fluoroscopy System for Studying the Foot and Ankle." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80906.
Full textAbstract:
The ability to accurately measure three dimensional (3D) bone kinematics is key to understanding the motion of the joints of the body, and how such motion is altered by injury, disease, and treatment. Precise measurement of such kinematics is technically challenging. Biplane fluoroscopy is ideally suited to measure bone motion. Such systems have been developed in the past for both radiographic stereo-photogrammetric analysis (RSA) [1] and the more challenging model-based analysis [2]. Research groups have studied the knee [3,4], shoulder [5] and ankle [6] motion with similar techniques. The work presented here is an initial evaluation of the performance of our system, i.e., a validation that this in-house system can detect magnitudes of motion on-par with other existing systems.
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Moles, Michael. "Defect Sizing in Pipeline Welds: What Can We Really Achieve?" In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2811.
Full textAbstract:
Pipelines are now using Fitness-For-Service (FFS) for accept/reject of weld defects. FFS requires accurate measurement of defect height for Fracture Mechanics assessments. The standard pipeline weld inspection technique of radiography is incapable of such measurements. However, the newer technique of ultrasonics can measure defect height, in principle. Initially ultrasonic amplitude methods were used for height measurement, but these proved unreliable. Now diffraction methods, especially Time-Of-Flight-Diffraction (TOFD), are being used in conjunction. This paper reviews previous work — mainly large nuclear studies like PISC II — and published pipeline sizing studies. The best nuclear sizing was within a few millimetres, using diffraction. In contrast to nuclear, pipeline AUT uses zone discrimination, focused transducers, much thinner material and simpler analysis techniques. Current accuracies are typically ± 1 mm (terminology undefined), which correlates with the beam spot size and typical weld pass. Requests for accuracies of ± 0.3 mm are probably unachievable, though future R&D should significantly improve pipeline sizing.