Journal articles: 'Shoulder – Radiography'

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Zamani, Amin, Mohammad Davood Sharifi, Roohie Farzaneh, Hamideh Feiz Disfani, Behrang Rezvani Kakhki, and Amir Masoud Hashemian. "The Relationship between Clinical Findings of Shoulder Joint with Bone Damage of Shoulder Joint in Patients with Isolated Shoulder Blunt Trauma." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 11 (2018): 2101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.478.

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BACKGROUND: Due to the prevalence of shoulder injuries among athletes and other people and the prevalence of radiography for these injuries, there are still no valid criteria for indication of doing shoulder radiography. AIM: This study aimed to examine the relationship between some signs and clinical examinations of the shoulder with shoulder bone injuries and the need for radiography. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. All patients aged 18-70 years who referred to the emergency ward of Imam Reza and Hasheminejad Hospital in the year 2014 due to blunt trauma and had criteria for entering the study and lacking exclusion criteria were included in the study process. Data on clinical symptoms, radiographic results, and final diagnosis were extracted from the patients' records through a questionnaire and analysed statistically. RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between the clinical signs of patients Existence of ecchymosis in the shoulder fractures with glenoid and humerus fractures (p = 0.029, p = 0.004 respectively). There was also a significant relationship between clavicle fracture and limitation in shoulder rotation and abduction (p = 0.000 and p = 0.001 respectively). Other clinical symptoms did not show any significant relationship with radiographs indicative of the problem requiring specific treatment. CONCLUSION: Although it is possible to define critters based on clinical symptoms that reduce the need for unnecessary radiographs that the does not reliably help inpatient treatment, but finding these critters to indicate the performance of the graphs in shoulder injuries requires further studies with the higher population and more clinical variables.

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Livet, Véronique, Mathieu Harel, Mathieu Taroni, et al. "Stress Radiography for the Diagnosis of Medial Glenohumeral Ligament Rupture in Canine Shoulders." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 32, no. 06 (2019): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692469.

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Objectives This study aimed to describe a stress radiography to detect medial glenohumeral ligament rupture and to investigate the repeatability and reproducibility of this test. Materials and Methods Six adult Beagle cadavers were used. Both shoulders of each dog were randomly assigned into two groups: a normal shoulder group (NS group) and an affected shoulder group (AS group) where the medial glenohumeral ligament was arthroscopically transected. Goniometry, image analysis and radiography (normal and stress views) were performed before and after arthroscopic procedures. An abduction angle was determined for each stress view and an evaluation of the repeatability and the reproducibility was performed. Results Abduction angles were significantly larger in the AS group as measured by goniometer (p < 0.001), image analysis (p < 0.001) and radiographic stress view (p < 0.001) than in the NS group. The abduction angle difference varied from 12° to 29.3° (median difference of 19.4°) between NS and AS groups. There were good intra-observer and very good inter-observer agreements. A very good (r = 0.74; r = 0.72, respectively) significant (p < 0.001) positive correlation between goniometric and radiographic techniques and between image analysis and radiographic techniques was observed. Clinical Significance Shoulder abduction angles measured with a stress radiograph-specific view provide objective data that may contribute to diagnosis of medial shoulder instability in dogs.

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Sanders, Timothy G., and Sean L. Jersey. "Conventional Radiography of the Shoulder." Seminars in Roentgenology 40, no. 3 (2005): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.ro.2005.01.012.

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Vezina, J. A. "Compensation filter for shoulder radiography." Radiology 155, no. 3 (1985): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.155.3.4001384.

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Ellenbecker, Todd S., Angelo J. Mattalino, Eric Elam, and Roger Caplinger. "Quantification of Anterior Translation of the Humeral Head in the Throwing Shoulder." American Journal of Sports Medicine 28, no. 2 (2000): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465000280020501.

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Clinical evaluation of humeral head translation relies mainly on manual tests to measure laxity in the human shoulder. The purposes of this study were to determine whether side-to-side differences exist in anterior humeral head translation in professional baseball pitchers, to compare manual laxity testing with stress radiography for quantifying humeral head translation, and to test intrarater reliability of the manual humeral head translation and stress radiography tests. Twenty professional baseball pitchers underwent bilateral manual anterior humeral head translation and stress radiographic tests. Stress radiography was performed by imparting a 15-daN anterior load to the shoulder in 90° of abduction with both neutral and 60° of external rotation and recording the glenohumeral joint translation at rest and under stress in each position. Eight subjects were retested to assess the reliability of these methods. Results showed no significant difference between the dominant and nondominant extremity in the amount of anterior humeral head translation measured manually and with stress radiography, nor significant correlation between anterior humeral head translation measured manually and by stress radiography. Testretest reliability was moderate-to-poor for the manual humeral head translation test and moderate for stress radiography.

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Blankstein, Alexander, Yigal Mirovski, Uri Givon, Aharon Chechick, Abraham Adunsky, and Avraham Ganel. "ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS IN THE EVALUATION OF SHOULDER PAIN." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 08, no. 04 (2004): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021895770400134x.

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The benefit of adding sonography to the examination of patients suffering from shoulder pain, was examined in this retrospective evaluation. A patient suffering from shoulder pain consults generally his family physician, who sends his patient first to a radiography and not to sonography. In 75% of the patients examined by sonography, shoulder lesions were diagnosed, demonstrated in only 33% of radiographs. Most patients had more than one lesion: 38% had partial or full-thickness tears of the supraspinatus tendon, about one third bicipital tendonitis, 18% irregularities of the humeral greater tuberosity, 10% subdeltoid bursitis and about 10% calcified tendonitis. In about a quarter of the patients, no pathology was found. Many patients had more than one lesion. In conclusion, clinicians encountering shoulder pain should not be content with conventional radiography and are encouraged to make sonographic examinations part of the early diagnostic protocol.

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Lubiatowski, Przemyslaw, Joanna Wałecka, and Jakub Stefaniak. "IMAGING IN ANTERIOR SHOULDER DISLOCATION." Issues of Rehabilitation, Orthopaedics, Neurophysiology and Sport Promotion – IRONS 37 (September 2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19271/irons-000149-2021-37.

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Shoulder dislocation is a very common musculoskeletal injury. Imaging in such cases serves an important role in the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Despite a pretty simple clinical diagnosis, the process itself is long for the patient and associated with multiple steps and decision making to regain function with low risk of prolonged disability (Zygmunt et al., 2013; Lubiatowski et al., 2016). There are also many controversies as well as significant diversity among surgeons regarding the timing and choice of particular diagnostic modalities used in diagnostics of different scenarios of shoulder dislocation. The aim of imaging in shoulder dislocation is to confirm dislocation and its direction and finally successful reduction. That usually is served by conventional radiography. Additionally, imaging may be required to identify soft tissue or bone injuries or, when necessary vascular and nerve injuries using different modalities (CT, MR, US). The selective radiographic evaluation may reduce the number of X-rays, costs, and most of all time before reduction and spent by a patient in an emergency unite. That should be used carefully to avoid misdiagnosis. Keywords: shoulder dislocation, imaging, radiography, instability, magnetic resonance

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Neep, M. J., and A. Aziz. "Radiography of the acutely injured shoulder." Radiography 17, no. 3 (2011): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2011.01.006.

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Albertsen, M., N. Egund, E. Jonsson, and L. Lidgren. "Assessment AT CT of the Rheumatoid Shoulder with Surgical Correlation." Acta Radiologica 35, no. 2 (1994): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519403500213.

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Eleven shoulders in 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined by conventional radiography and CT prior to cup hemiarthroplasty of the humeral head and the results were compared with the surgical findings. There was good agreement between preoperative CT and surgical findings. Humeral head cavities and erosions, with cortical boundaries, could be seen more accurately at CT than at conventional radiography. The HU of their contents corresponded to those of soft tissue, being granulomatous in nature at surgery. In 8 humeral heads CT disclosed large areas of fatty degeneration of bone marrow with HU between − 10 HU and − 76 HU that were not visible on the conventional radiographs. These “fatty cysts” had no cortical boundaries, unlike inflammatory granulomas, but both lesions may influence the surgical approach to hemiarthroplasty.

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Chin, Kuen, Alex Chowdhury, Dimitra Leivadiotou, Helen Marmery, and Philip Michael Ahrens. "The accuracy of plain radiographs in diagnosing degenerate rotator cuff disease." Shoulder & Elbow 11, no. 1_suppl (2017): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758573217743942.

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Background A number of radiographic signs have been previously demonstrated to be associated with degenerative rotator cuff tears. An ability to predict the presence of a tear by radiography would permit the early commencement of appropriate treatment and the avoidance of unnecessary invasive investigations. The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of using radiographic signs to predict the presence of a cuff tear on arthroscopy. Methods Fifty consecutive patients who had undergone shoulder arthroscopy and had pre-operative plain radiographs were included. Pre-operative radiographs were reviewed by a consultant shoulder surgeon, a consultant radiologist and a senior clinical fellow for the following signs: acromial spur; subjective reduction of subacromial space; sourcil sign; acromial acetabularization; os acromiale; greater tuberosity cortical irregularity; greater tuberosity sclerosis; humeral head rounding; cyst; and reduction in acromiohumeral head distance. Results The presence of tuberosity sclerosis ( p < 0.0001), tuberosity irregularities ( p < 0.0001), tuberosity cyst ( p = 0.004) and sourcil sign ( p = 0.019) was associated with the presence of a rotator cuff tear. The combined sensitivity of prediction of tear by the observers following radiographic review was 91.7%, with a combined negative predictive value of 80%. Conclusions The assessment of radiographs by senior clinicians is a useful tool for confirming the absence of a rotator cuff tear.

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Nishibata, Yutaka, Michiyo Fujino, Matsuji Hamada, Mitsuhiko Inosaki, Masayasu Takeuchi, and Isamu Narabayashi. "7. Study of shoulder radiography for subacrominal space." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 49, no. 8 (1993): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00003324595.

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Horsfield, D., and SN Jones. "A useful projection in radiography of the shoulder." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 69-B, no. 2 (1987): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.69b2.3818771.

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Burk, D. L., D. Karasick, D. G. Mitchell, and M. D. Rifkin. "MR imaging of the shoulder: correlation with plain radiography." American Journal of Roentgenology 154, no. 3 (1990): 549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.154.3.2106220.

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Park, Jin-Young, Youngbok Kim, Kyung-Soo Oh, Hwa-Kyung Lim, and Joo-Yong Kim. "Stress radiography for clinical evaluation of anterior shoulder instability." Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 25, no. 11 (2016): e339-e347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2016.04.002.

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Ohmoto, Hidechika, Yoshihiro Nakamura, Yoshihiro Odawara, et al. "121. A study of shoulder radiography for anterior subacromion." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 50, no. 8 (1994): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00003325924.

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Dyson, Sue J. "Radiography and radiology of the equine shoulder and elbow." Equine Veterinary Education 7, no. 4 (1995): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.1995.tb01232.x.

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DYSON, SUE J. "Radiography and radiology of the equine shoulder and elbow." Equine Veterinary Education 8, S3 (2010): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.1996.tb01863.x.

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YAMATO, T., K. FUJIMURA, T. HABU, and K. TAKIZAWA. "1. The functional radiography of shoulder : ≪Scapula 45°view≫." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 49, no. 2 (1993): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00003501047.

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George, Elizabeth, Stavros Tsipas, Gregory Wozniak, et al. "MRI of the Knee and Shoulder Performed Before Radiography." Journal of the American College of Radiology 11, no. 11 (2014): 1053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2014.05.014.

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Small, Kirstin M., Frank J. Rybicki, Lindsay R. Miller, Stephen D. Daniels, and Laurence D. Higgins. "MRI Before Radiography for Patients With New Shoulder Conditions." Journal of the American College of Radiology 14, no. 6 (2017): 778–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2017.02.031.

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Hendey, Gregory W., M. Kristin Chally, and V. Brooks Stewart. "Selective radiography in 100 patients with suspected shoulder dislocation." Journal of Emergency Medicine 31, no. 1 (2006): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2005.09.006.

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Terazaki, Carlos Renato Ticianelli, Cesar Rodrigo Trippia, Carlos Henrique Trippia, Maria Fernanda Sales Ferreira Caboclo, and Carla Regina Miranda Medaglia. "Synovial chondromatosis of the shoulder: imaging findings." Radiologia Brasileira 47, no. 1 (2014): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-39842014000100013.

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Synovial chondromatosis is a benign condition characterized by synovial proliferation and metaplasia, with development of cartilaginous or osteocartilaginous nodules within a joint, bursa or tendon sheath. In the shoulder, synovial osteochondromatosis may occur within the glenohumeral joint and its recesses (including the tendon sheath of the biceps long head), and in the subacromial-deltoid bursa. Such condition can be identified either by radiography, ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging, showing typical features according to each method. Radiography commonly shows ring-shaped calcified cartilages and periarticular soft tissues swelling with erosion of joint margins. Ultrasonography demonstrates hypoechogenic cartilaginous nodules with progressive increase in echogenicity as they become calcified, with development of posterior acoustic shadow in case of ossification. Besides identifying cartilaginous nodules, magnetic resonance imaging can also demonstrate the degree of synovial proliferation. The present study is aimed at describing the imaging findings of this entity in the shoulder.

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Waaler, Dag, Sigrid Hammer, Camilla Langdalen, and Linn Therese Håkonsen Haug. "How radiographers visually perceive X-ray images with the task of accepting or rejecting them – a pilot study." Radiography Open 3, no. 1 (2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/radopen.1997.

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Introduction: Radiographer´s usual role in the medical imaging chain is to acquire relevant and qualitatively good images that help the radiologist or physician to diagnose most accurately. After the image acquisition, the radiographer does a quality evaluation based on established imaging criteria to decide if the image is satisfactory, or otherwise reject it and subsequently take a new one. Contrary to expectations that the number of image rejects should decrease substantially with the introduction of digital imaging, a number of studies have shown that it has not, although the reasons for rejects has changed from exposure errors to positioning and centring errors. Very little research has been on examining how radiographers visually perceive and evaluate the X-ray images in this acceptance/rejection process.Purpose: Investigate how radiographers and radiography students visually perceives X-ray images in the process of accepting or rejecting them on basis of radiographic imaging criteria, and see if there are differences in strategies across experience levels.Materials and methods: Three radiography students and five radiographers with varying years of experience were given the task of accepting or rejecting shoulder and knee projection images based on positioning criteria. Using eye tracking, we measured the participants’ number and duration of gaze fixations within 1) the field of view defined by the monitor display, 2) the part of the monitor displaying the X-ray image only, and 3) the region within the X-ray images considered to be most relevant given the imaging criteria task. The quantitative eye-tracking measurements were followed-up by four qualitative questions.Results: Some differences in fixation patterns between the groups were found; the medium experienced radiographers spent statistically significant lesser number of fixations and lesser average single fixation durations than both the radiography students and the most experienced radiographers did, whereas the two latter groups scored almost equally. Conclusion: The study revealed that work experience might have some influence on how radiographers and radiography students assess X-ray images, but in subtler ways than expected. The study also revealed, however, quite large individual differences across experience.

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Sparrow, T., J. Meswania, G. Blunn, and N. Fitzpatrick. "Shoulder joint hemiarthroplasty for treatment of a severe osteochondritis dissecans lesion in a dog." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 27, no. 03 (2014): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-13-07-0087.

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SummaryIntroduction: Partial resurfacing of the humeral head has been reported in humans to treat humeral osteochondritis dissecans. The aim is to describe a custom-made humeral resurfacing prosthesis for treatment of severe humeral head osteochondritis dissecans in a dog.Case report: A seven-month-old female entire St. Bernard dog was presented with a 10 week history of severe left thoracic limb lameness. Radiography, arthroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed an extensive osteochondritis dissecans lesion affecting the caudal, medial and central regions of the humeral head. A prosthesis designed from computed tomography (CT) images was manufactured in polished stainless steel alloy with a hydroxyapatite coated base and central finned humeral stem for cementless insertion. A standard caudal approach to the shoulder was used to place the prosthesis following reaming of the caudal humeral head.Results: Radiography and CT imaging revealed appropriate topographical placement on the humerus. Force plate analysis demonstrated initial reduction in ground reaction force at six weeks, followed by gradual improvement at three months. There was no radiographic evidence of implant loosening and the range of shoulder joint motion was comparable to the contralateral joint at three months; these findings were maintained to final follow-up at 24 months.Clinical significance: Placement of a humeral head resurfacing prosthesis was an effective technique for the management of severe osteochondritis dissecans-related shoulder lameness. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of the clinical use of shoulder hemiarthroplasty in a dog.

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Émond, Marcel, Natalie Le Sage, André Lavoie, and Lynne Moore. "Refinement of the Quebec decision rule for radiography in shoulder dislocation." CJEM 11, no. 01 (2009): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500010903.

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ABSTRACTObjective:We prospectively derived a clinical decision rule to guide pre- and postreduction radiography for emergency department (ED) patients with anterior glenohumeral dislocation.Methods:This prospective cohort derivation study took place at 4 university-affiliated EDs over a 3-year period and enrolled consenting patients with anterior glenohumeral dislocation who were 18 years of age or older. We compared patients with a clinically important fracture-dislocation with those who had an uncomplicated dislocation to provide the clinical decision rule components using recursive partitioning. The final rule involved age, mechanism, prior dislocation and humeral ecchymosis.Results:A total of 222 patients were included in the study. Forty (18.0%) had clinically important fracture-dislocation. A clinical decision rule using 4 factors reached a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] 89.4%–100%), a specificity of 34.2% (95% CI 27.7%–41.2%), a negative predictive value of 99.2% (95% CI 92.8%–99.9%) and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.04 (95% CI 0.002–0.27). Patients younger than 40 years are at high risk for clinically important fracture-dislocation only if the mechanism of injury involves substantial force (i.e., a fall greater than their own height, a sport injury, an assault or a motor vehicle collision). Patients 40 years of age or older are at high risk only in the presence of humeral ecchymosis or after their first dislocation. Projected use of the rule would reduce the absolute number of prereduction radiographs by 27.9% and of postreduction by 81.9%.Conclusion:The Quebec shoulder dislocation rule for patients with acute anterior glenohumeral dislocation holds promise to reduce unnecessary imaging, pending validation.

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Kim, J. M., H. Y. Han, and S. K. Kim. "Usefulness of cervical plain radiography for patients with shoulder pain." Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 57 (May 2014): e188-e189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2014.03.684.

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Dempsey, Ian J., Michelle E. Kew, Jourdan M. Cancienne, Brian C. Werner, and Stephen F. Brockmeier. "Utility of postoperative radiography in routine primary total shoulder arthroplasty." Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 26, no. 7 (2017): e222-e226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2016.11.035.

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Ng, Chye Yew, Emma Kate Smith, and Lennard Funk. "Reliability of the Traditional Classification Systems for Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries by Radiography." Shoulder & Elbow 4, no. 4 (2012): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-5740.2012.00202.x.

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Background The present study aimed to examine the reliability of the radiographic classification systems for acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries. Methods We initially polled 47 orthopaedic surgeons regarding what common technique they used for applying the Rockwood and the Tossy and Allman classification systems. All used a single standard AC joint view (Zanca view). We then presented 24 Zanca view radiographs of patients who had sustained AC joint injuries to 19 specialist shoulder surgeons and asked each of them to classify the injuries using the Rockwood and the Tossy and Allman classification systems. We then altered the order of radiographs and repeated the survey with the same group of surgeons 1 month later. Results The mean inter-observer agreement and the corresponding weighted kappa for the Rockwood and the Tossy and Allman classification system were 64.6% and 0.258; and 68.1% and 0.309, respectively. The mean intra-observer agreement and the corresponding weighted kappa for the systems were 59.4% and 0.150; and 67.4% and 0.113, respectively. Conclusions We conclude that the classification of AC joint injuries using a radiograph alone has limited reliability and consistency in clinical practice.

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Magnussen, Alex Peter, Christopher Watura, Nicola Torr, Miny Walker, Dimitri Amiras, and Dylan Griffiths. "Missed posterior shoulder fracture dislocations: a new protocol from a London major trauma centre." BMJ Open Quality 9, no. 1 (2020): e000550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000550.

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BackgroundA high incidence of missed posterior shoulder dislocations is widely recognised in the literature. Concern was raised by the upper limb multidisciplinary team at a London major trauma centre that these missed injuries were causing serious consequences due to the need for surgical intervention and poor functional outcome.ObjectiveTo identify factors contributing to missed diagnosis and propose solutions.MethodsA local quality improvement report was performed investigating time from admission to diagnosis of simple posterior dislocations and fracture dislocations over a 5-year period. Factors contributing to a delayed diagnosis were analysed.ResultsThe findings supported current evidence: a posterior shoulder dislocation was more often missed if there was concurrent fracture of the proximal humerus. Anteroposterior and scapular Y view radiographs were not always diagnostic for dislocation. Axial views were more reliable in assessment of the congruency of the joint and were associated with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the injury.DiscussionAs a result of these findings a new protocol was produced by the orthopaedic and radiology departments and distributed to our emergency department practitioners and radiography team. The protocol included routine axial or modified trauma axial view radiographs for all patients attending the emergency department with a shoulder injury, low clinical suspicion for dislocation and a low threshold for CT scan. Reaudit and ongoing data collection have shown significant increase in axial view radiographs and improved diagnosis.

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Émond, Marcel, Charles Gariepy, Valérie Boucher, and Gregory W. Hendey. "Selective Prereduction Radiography in Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: The Fresno-Quebec Rule." Journal of Emergency Medicine 55, no. 2 (2018): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.04.057.

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Sakuda, Keita, Shigeru Sanada, Rie Tanaka, Katsuhiko Kitaoka, Norio Hayashi, and Yukihiro Matsuura. "Functional shoulder radiography with use of a dynamic flat panel detector." Radiological Physics and Technology 7, no. 2 (2014): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-014-0257-2.

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Ercin, Ersin, Mustafa Bilgili, Halil Ones, and Cemal Kural. "Postoperative pectoral swelling after shoulder arthroscopy." Joints 03, no. 03 (2015): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11138/jts/2015.3.3.158.

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Fluid extravasation is possibly the most common complication of shoulder arthroscopy. Shoulder arthroscopy can lead to major increases in the compartment pressure of adjacent muscles and this phenomenon is significant when an infusion pump is used. This article describes a case of pectoral swelling due to fluid extravasation after shoulder arthroscopy. A 24-year-old male underwent an arthroscopic Bankart repair for recurrent shoulder dislocation. The surgery was performed in the beach chair position and lasted two hours. At the end of the procedure, the patient was found to have left pectoral swelling. A chest radiography showed no abnormality. Pectoral swelling due to fluid extravasation after shoulder arthroscopy has not previously been documented.

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Berthonnaud, E., G. Herzberg, K. D. Zhao, K. N. An, and J. Dimnet. "Three-dimensional in vivo displacements of the shoulder complex from biplanar radiography." Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 27, no. 3 (2005): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-005-0315-x.

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De Carli, Angelo, Ferdinando Pulcinelli, Giacomo Rose, Dario Pitino, and Andrea Ferretti. "Calcific tendinitis of the shoulder." Joints 02, no. 03 (2014): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11138/jts/2014.2.3.130.

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Calcific tendinitis is a common disease that predominantly affects individuals aged between 40 and 60 years. Women seem to be more affected than men. Various factors have been suggested to play a role in this condition, such as abnormal activity of the thyroid gland, metabolic diseases (e.g. diabetes), and genetic predisposition. Various etiological hypotheses have been advanced: the degenerative and multiphasic theories are the two most accredited ones. Clinically, calcific tendinitis is characterized by severe, disabling pain which occurs spontaneously, usually in the morning. There can be concomitant stiffness, giving rise to a frozen shoulder-like clinical picture. Conventional radiography of the shoulder is the most appropriate imaging approach. Most cases resolve spontaneously. Many conservative treatments have been reported in the literature, showing varying levels of evidence of efficacy. Arthroscopic surgery is the orthopedic specialist’s last option. It is to be noted that post-surgical pain can persist for many weeks after the operation. Finally, it is important not to forget the variant characterized by osteolytic involvement of the greater tuberosity, which has been associated with a worse clinical outcome, both after conservative treatment and after surgery.

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Itoi, Eiji, Seok-Beom Lee, Kimberly K. Amrami, Doris E. Wenger, and Kai-Nan An. "Quantitative Assessment of Classic Anteroinferior Bony Bankart Lesions by Radiography and Computed Tomography." American Journal of Sports Medicine 31, no. 1 (2003): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465030310010301.

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Background An anteroinferior osseous defect of the glenoid rim is sometimes encountered in patients with recurrent anterior dislocations of the shoulder. A defect of more than 21% of the glenoid length is reported to cause instability after Bankart repair. Hypothesis We can estimate the critical size of glenoid defects by using radiography or computed tomography. Study Design A controlled laboratory study. Methods Osseous defects of 0%, 9%, 21%, 34%, and 46% of the glenoid length were created stepwise in 12 cadaveric scapulae, and plain radiographs simulating the axillary and West Point views and computed tomographic images were obtained. The maximum width of the remnant glenoid was measured under each condition and expressed as a percentage of the width of the intact glenoid. Results A 21% defect appeared to be 18.6% of the intact glenoid on the West Point view. With computed tomography, a 21% defect resulted in loss of 50% of the width on a single slice across the lower one-fourth of the glenoid. Conclusions We can estimate the size of a glenoid defect by using the West Point radiographic view or computed tomogram. Clinical Relevance These images gave decisive information as to whether an osseous glenoid defect required bone grafting to achieve stability after Bankart repair.

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Lisson, Christoph G., Catharina S. Lisson, Daniel Vogele, et al. "Improvement of image quality applying iterative scatter correction for grid-less skeletal radiography in trauma room setting." Acta Radiologica 61, no. 6 (2019): 768–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185119878348.

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Background Iterative reconstruction is well established for CT. Plain radiography also takes advantage of iterative algorithms to reduce scatter radiation and improve image quality. First applications have been described for bedside chest X-ray. A recent experimental approach also provided proof of principle for skeletal imaging. Purpose To examine clinical applicability of iterative scatter correction for skeletal imaging in the trauma setting. Material and Methods In this retrospective single-center study, 209 grid-less radiographs were routinely acquired in the trauma room for 12 months, with imaging of the chest (n = 31), knee (n = 111), pelvis (n = 14), shoulder (n = 24), and other regions close to the trunk (n = 29). Radiographs were postprocessed with iterative scatter correction, doubling the number of images. The radiographs were then independently evaluated by three radiologists and three surgeons. A five-step rating scale and visual grading characteristics analysis were used. The area under the VGC curve (AUCVGC) quantified differences in image quality. Results Images with iterative scatter correction were generally rated significantly better (AUCVGC = 0.59, P < 0.01). This included both radiologists (AUCVGC = 0.61, P < 0.01) and surgeons (AUCVGC = 0.56, P < 0.01). The image-improving effect was significant for all body regions; in detail: chest (AUCVGC = 0.64, P < 0.01), knee (AUCVGC = 0.61, P < 0.01), pelvis (AUCVGC = 0.60, P = 0.01), shoulder (AUCVGC = 0.59, P = 0.02), and others close to the trunk (AUCVGC = 0.59, P < 0.01). Conclusion Iterative scatter correction improves the image quality of grid-less skeletal radiography in the clinical setting for a wide range of body regions. Therefore, iterative scatter correction may be the future method of choice for free exposure imaging when an anti-scatter grid is omitted due to high risk of tube-detector misalignment.

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Basso, Maria D., Fabiano Jeremias, Rita C. L. Cordeiro, and Lourdes Santos-Pinto. "Digital Radiography for Determination of Primary Tooth Length:In VivoandEx VivoStudies." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/939045.

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Background.Methods for determining the root canal length of the primary tooth should yield accurate and reproducible results.In vitrostudies show some limitations, which do not allow their findings to be directly transferred to a clinical situation.Aim.To compare the accuracy of radiographic tooth length obtained fromin vivodigital radiograph with that obtained fromex vivodigital radiograph.Method.Direct digital radiographs of 20 upper primary incisors were performed in teeth (2/3 radicular resorption) that were radiographed by an intraoral sensor, according to the long-cone technique. Teeth were extracted, measured, and mounted in a resin block, and then radiographic template was used to standardise the sensor-target distance (30 cm). The apparent tooth length (APTL) was obtained from the computer screen by means of an electronic ruler accompanying the digital radiography software (CDR 2.0), whereas the actual tooth length (ACTL) was obtained by means of a digital calliper following extraction. Data were compared to the ACTL by variance analysis and Pearson’s correlation test.Results.The values for APTL obtained fromin vivoradiography were slightly underestimated, whereas those values obtained fromex vivowere slightly overestimated. No significance was observed(P≤0.48)between APTL and ACTL.Conclusion.The length of primary teeth estimated byin vivoandex vivocomparisons using digital radiography was found to be similar to the actual tooth length.

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Hendey, G. W. "Selective Radiography in Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: Prospective Validation of a Clinical Decision Rule." Academic Emergency Medicine 11, no. 5 (2004): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/j.aem.2004.02.297.

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Yukata, Kiminori, Ashish Suthar, Yutaka Suetomi, Kazuhiro Yamazaki, Kazuteru Doi, and Hiroshi Fujii. "Calcification of the Anterior Acromial Insertion of the Deltoid Muscle." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2020 (October 10, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8895801.

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A 45-year-old man presented with severe left shoulder pain that was not associated with trauma. Plain radiography with the arm in an elevated position and ultrasonography demonstrated calcium deposits at the anterior acromial insertion site of left deltoid muscle. Conservative management could successfully relieve pain. At the 3-year follow-up, the calcification completely disappeared. To the best of our knowledge, calcium deposits at the acromial insertion site of the deltoid have not been reported in the literature. Clinicians who suspect calcific tendinitis but do not observe calcification around the rotator cuff should carefully palpate and examine other sites, such as the deltoid origin, and use ultrasonography or radiography.

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Stepanchenko, A. P., G. V. Fedoruk, A. A. Makovskiy, V. E. Dubrov, R. V. Zaytsev, and V. E. Sinitsyn. "Use of Radiographic Criteria for Proximal Humeral Head Migration After Dislocation of the Shoulder to Identify Damage to Its Rotator Cuff." Journal of radiology and nuclear medicine 100, no. 2 (2019): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20862/0042-4676-2019-100-2-95-101.

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Objective. To assess whether radiographic criteria for proximal humeral head migration can be used as screening of damage to the rotator cuff after dislocation in patients over 45 years of age.Material and methods. The study included the results of a follow-up of 101 patients after shoulder dislocation without signs of damage to the rotator cuff before injury. Damage to the rotator cuff was assessed using MRI, followed by a correlation analysis between the results of measuring the height of the subacromial space with radiography and MRI.Results. Signs of cranial migration of the humeral head are detected statistically significantly more frequently in the group of older patients than in that of young ones (F=0.009; p<0.05). MRI study statistically significantly more often revealed signs of damage to the rotator cuff in the older patients than in the young ones (F=0.009; p<0.05). There was a high correlation between the humeral head migration index and the MRI measurements of the acromiohumeral interval (r=0.93, p<0.05).Conclusion. The acromiohumeral index, as well as MRI, can be used as a criterion for rotator cuff injury. This study has shown that the older patients have a 19-fold higher risk for damage to the rotator cuff from a dislocated shoulder (95% CI 6.93–52.11). Thus, attention should be paid to the presence of radiographic signs of rotator cuff injury in all patients after dislocation of the shoulder.

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Malkoc, Melih, Ozgur Korkmaz, Ali Seker, Ismail Oltulu, Guray Batmaz, and Mahir Mahirogulları. "Voluntary Glenohumeral Joint Luxation In Children." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 11_suppl3 (2014): 2325967114S0026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114s00266.

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Objectives: Voluntary shoulder dislocation is a rare pathology and can be seen in childhood. We aimed to present, diagnosis and treatment of two girls with Voluntary Glenohumeral Joint Luxation(VGJL) with seven and nine years old, in this study. Methods: Physical examination of both shoulders were performed carefully and standard Antero-posterior (AP) X-ray radiography obtained and for identify any soft tissue (like labral tears, rotator cuff tears, capsular pathologies, etc.) pathologies Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was performed. While the seven years old girl luxate her shoulder to anterior the other with nine years old was luxating her shoulder inferior, volunterly with no pain. No other direction, the both two girls could perform the luxation. No connective tissue or genetic disorders were detected for two children. The familial history was investigated and hyperelasticity-like history obtained at the seond degree relatives of both children. In treatment, physical therapy program was planned for two children. Results: At the x-ray AP radiography demonstrated no clue of abnormality about bony structure. However, at the nine years old girl, the MRI images showed the labral tear localised at the inferomedial part of the labrum while seven years of girl had no pathology showed at MRI images. Both shoulders of the patients, except in the case of voluntary shoulder luxation, would normally use and all the active full range of motion of both glenohumeral joints. Pain was not a complaint; even with or without demonstrating the controlled voluntary luxation for both two girls. Physical therapy was performed and at the end of the one year of follow-up, by phone consulting with parents of two children, it was recorded that the repetition of voluntary shoulder luxation was decreased. Conclusion: The VGJL is a rare but easily managed antity without surgery. Awareness of family and recommendations about the pathology is important.

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Yamaguchi, S., K. A. Agnello, M. Muto, and Y. Fujita. "Effects of transection of the cranial arm of the medial glenohumeral ligament on shoulder stability in adult Beagles." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 26, no. 02 (2013): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-12-03-0034.

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SummaryObjective: To assess the effects of arthroscopic transection of the cranial arm of the medial glenohumeral ligament on shoulder stability.Animals: Six adult Beagles.Procedures: After transection, the effects were compared with baseline values by orthopaedic and radiographic examinations, by synovial fluid analysis at two, four, and six weeks, and by arthroscopic evaluation at six weeks. The articular surfaces of the glenoid cavity and humeral head were evaluated radiographically and arthroscopically for evidence of arthritis, and five intra-articular regions were examined arthroscopically for villus reactions and vascularisation.Results: According to orthopaedic examinations (including measurement of the abduction angle), radiography, and synovial fluid analyses, there were no abnormal findings. Arthroscopically, the articular surfaces of the glenoid cavity and humeral head showed no signs of degeneration, but the craniomedial and caudal joint capsules had significant villus reactions and the subscapularis tendon and medial glenohumeral ligament had significant vascularisation. The biceps tendon was unchanged.Conclusions: Transection of the cranial arm of the medial glenohumeral ligament in normal Beagles did not appear to affect shoulder stability. However, villus reactions and vascularisation in the medial compartment suggest that damage to the medial glenohumeral ligament may trigger a process in which inflammation can lead to enzymatic breakdown of cartilage. Exacerbated by weight bearing and repetitive motion, this may result in shoulder instability over time.

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Pavlovskaya, E. A., C. V. Pozyabin, and V. S. Starynina. "DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR RADIOGRAPHY AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN ASSESSING SHOULDER JOINT PATHOLOGIES IN DOGS." Scientific Notes Kazan Bauman State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 245, no. 1 (2021): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31588/2413-4201-1883-245-1-144-149.

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CT-scan can often be a method, which complements the information gaining from X-ray film deciphering because it allows to see a 3D image of bone tissue defect and soft tissue structure. In many arthropathies, which need a surgical operation, CT-scan is rather ordered after an X-ray for a surgical appointment.

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Medenica, Ivica, Aleksandar Radunovic, Dragan Madzarac, Miodrag Zoric, Dubravko Bokonjic, and Bratislav Stojkovic. "Arthroscopic findings after shoulder dislocation." Vojnosanitetski pregled 66, no. 7 (2009): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0907517m.

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Background/Aim. Recurrent instability of the shoulder joint is frequently difficult to differentiate from diseased or injured rotator cuff or tendon of the forearm flexor (m. biceps brachii). Shoulder joint arthroscopy has been only recently introduced into instable shoulder joint lesion examination. The aim of this study was to present and analyze an arthroscopic finding on instable shoulder joint in order to determine causes and mechanisms of instability, as well as principles of surgical treatment. Methods. Arthroscopy of the shoulder joint was performed in 158 patients with at least one documented shoulder joint dislocation. These patients were divided into two groups. The group I included the patients with one to three dislocations, while the group II those with more than three dislocations. Preoperative diagnosis was based on anamnestic data and clinical examination using specific tests, and on the diagnosis of shoulder joint using radiography or computed tomography. Results. Out of the total number of the patients 138 (87.34%) had injury of the anterior patellar brim, 119 (75.32%) had failure of the anterior capsule, 126 (79.75%) had compressive cartilage injury of the posterior part of the head of the upper arm bone (Hill-Sachs lesion), 102 (64.56%) had insufficiency of glenohumeral tendon, 11 (6.96) had complete cut of the rotator cuff, 23 (14.56%) had injury of the posterior patellar brim, 12 (7.59%) had injury of the upper anterior-posterior patellar brim (SLAP). Conclusion. According to the obtained results it could be concluded that there is no a unique injury that leads to shoulder joint instability. It is necessary to point out to the significance of anamnesis and clinical examination in making diagnosis. Arthroscopic diagnostics is indicated in clinically unreliable findings as an additional method for determining operative treatment.

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Gazhonova, V. E., Е. M. Bachurina, M. V. Emelianenko, I. E. Popova, T. A. Soina, and I. M. Kurnosova. "Value of radiographic measurements in depiction of glenohumeral and acromial anatomical changes in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome and rotator cuff tears." Medical Visualization, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24835/1607-0763-2018-3-98-108.

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The purpose.Optimization of radiographic study of the shoulder in patients with SIS and estimation of the clinical value of radiographic measurements in SIS diagnosis and rotator cuff tears (RCT).Materials and methods.128 patients with a painful shoulder (67 women, 61 men), mean age 57.3 ± 12.8 y.o. and 35 patients without shoulder pain mean age 56 ± 10.4 y.o. underwent a complex study including radiography, MRI, MDCTor MR-arthrography, arthroscopy. Special angles and distances were estimated on a Radiographic Work Station by 2 radiologists (acromion tilt (AT), acromion slope, inferior acromion protrusion, acromio-humeral distance, acromio-humeral index, critical shoulder angle (CSA), lateral acromion angle, transverse acromion angle). Mean values of these parameters were compared between patients with SIS and control group, and between patients with RCT and without . Test-retest reproducibility and inter rater agreement were calculated with Kohen’s kappa. Diagnostic value of the most informative parameters was compared with estimation of AUC under the ROC curve.Results.CSA and AT demonstrated independence with age and excellent test-retest reproducibility. In SIS patients mean values of CSA were statistically higher (35.78 ± 4.64°), AT values – lower (25.90 ± 4.27°), then in controls. In all patients with CSA more then 35, the frequency of RCT was 74%. In patients with RCT were detected higher values of CSA (36.70 ± 2.61°) and lower values of AT (23.67 ± 3.07°), then in patients without tears. Lateral acromion angle (acromion type) demonstrated correlation with patient’s age and moderate reproducibility in test-retest studies.Conclusion.AT (measured on the outlet X-ray view) and CSA (measured in direct views) could be recommended for clinical use for evaluation of patients with SIS and prognosing RCT.

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Turcu, R., and A. Barbilian. "Imaging Diagnosis of a Shoulder Tumor – Case Presentation." Romanian Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology 1, Supplement (2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rojost-2018-0050.

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Abstract Introduction. The most common and used molecular imaging techniques used in tumor pathology are the following: optics such as fluoroscopy, bioluminescence, and spectroscopy, radionuclides such as positron emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance with or without contrast substance, ultrasound and computed tomography. Material and method. A 39-year-old male patient accused having a shoulder tumor beginning 6 months before with a slow increase in volume without symptoms, pain, local temperature changes, and neurological phenomena. The clinical examination revealed the presence of an elastic consistency tumor, adherent to the bone but movable in soft adjacent tissues, without spontaneous and palpation pain, and local swelling. There was a slight functional embarrassment in conducting the abduction maneuver, but without limiting the amplitude of the movement. Results. Radiography of the shoulder did not reveal any significant changes. Magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder were performed. The evoked changes required a computed tomography of the shoulder. Conclusion. The thorough analysis of the imaging investigations and the clinical, paraclinical, and biological context of the patient will lead to the indication of the treatment and the optimal surgical time.

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Sebt, Solomon, Mathias Barden, and Eric Leroux. "Case of Displaced Glenoid Fracture After Fall: Subtle Findings with Significant Implications for Trauma Patients." Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine 2, no. 5 (2021): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2021.2.51053.

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Case Presentation: A 64-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of left shoulder pain after a mechanical fall from standing. Plain radiography revealed a displaced fracture of the inferior glenoid rim. A computed tomography further characterized the fracture and the patient was taken emergently by an orthopedic surgeon for open reduction and internal fixation. Discussion: Scapula fractures, especially isolated glenoid rim fractures, are rare and most typical of high-energy mechanism traumas. A missed or delayed diagnosis can result in long-term suffering and disability. Awareness of radiographic as well as physical findings and the subsequent classification system described below can optimize outcomes for trauma patients with glenoid fractures.

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Johnson, G. R., T. Buxton, D. House, and N. Bogduk. "Use of uncalibrated biplanar radiography for the measurement of skeletal coordinates around the shoulder girdle." Journal of Biomedical Engineering 14, no. 6 (1992): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-5425(92)90101-p.

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Middernacht, Bart, Philip de Grave, Georges Van Maele, Luc Favard, Daniel Molé, and Lieven De Wilde. "What do standard radiography and clinical examination tell about the shoulder with cuff tear arthropathy?" Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 6, no. 1 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1749-799x-6-1.

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Petros, Rodrigo Souto Borges, Fabiano Rebouças Ribeiro, Antonio Carlos Tenor Junior, Rômulo Brasil Filho, Cantídio Salvador Filardi Junior, and Danilo Canesin Dal Molin. "PROXIMAL HUMERUS FRACTURE WITH LOCKING PLATE: FUNCTIONAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC RESULTS." Acta Ortopédica Brasileira 27, no. 3 (2019): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-785220192703142049.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To correlate the functional outcome and radiographic indices of proximal humerus fractures treated with locking plate. Methods: Seventy patients with proximal humerus fractures treated with locking plate, with mean follow-up of 30 months. These patients were analyzed for the score of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for the operated shoulder, range of motion measurements and radiography of both shoulders. After that, a graphical correlation was established between the radiographic measurements and the functional outcomes. Results: 78% good and excellent results according to the UCLA score, with mean130° elevation; 45° lateral rotation; and thumb-T10 medial rotation. The type of fracture according to the Neer classification and age had a significant correlation with the range of motion. An association was found between the lowest mean elevation and the UCLA score when the neck-shaft angle variation in the antero-posterior plane was greater than 15° varus (p <0.001). Conclusion: The variation of the neck-shaft angle measurement in the anteroposterior plane showed significant correlation with the range of motion and can be one of the predictors of functional results in proximal humerus fractures treated with locking plate. Level of evidence III, Retrospective Study.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Shoulder – Radiography'

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