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Scott, J. F., J. M. Scott, and O. J. Cacho. "Whole-farm returns show true profitability of three different livestock management systems." Animal Production Science 53, no. 8 (2013): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11248.
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On the New South Wales Northern Tablelands, sheep, wool and beef cattle production account for most agricultural output. The industries have been challenged in recent years by environmental and economic factors and are therefore looking for modified or alternative livestock management systems that are capable of sustaining profitability. The Cicerone Project aimed to address these issues by comparing three different grazing and pasture improvement systems. Some recent livestock industry analyses have been based on gross margins which do not include overhead costs. This is an important limitation; economic analysis needs to report key whole-farm business performance measures since overhead costs can differ significantly between livestock management systems. A representative farm approach was used to compare the profitability of the three different livestock management systems. Commercial-scale whole-farm and cash flow analyses over a 5-year period were used to evaluate profitability. No particular system could be recommended to graziers because the test period was not sufficiently representative of the long-term climate to make an adequate assessment about their long-term profitability. Nevertheless, it is apparent that whole-farm level budgets are essential for comparing the overall profitability of different livestock management systems. It is concluded that analysts, consultants and graziers should use whole-farm and cash flow analyses to gauge profitability of different livestock management systems particularly where sustainability issues are important.
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Hammack, S. P., and D. B. Griffin. "10 Live and Carcass Trends, Houston Livestock Show, Junior Steers, 1974–2017." Journal of Animal Science 96, suppl_1 (March 1, 2018): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky027.011.
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González-Velasco, Horacio M., Carlos J. García-Orellana, Miguel Macías-Macías, Ramón Gallardo-Caballero, and Antonio García-Manso. "A morphological assessment system for ‘show quality’ bovine livestock based on image analysis." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 78, no. 1 (August 2011): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2011.06.003.
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Sobral, Mar, María Losada, Tania Veiga, Javier Guitián, José Guitián, and Pablo Guitián. "Flower color preferences of insects and livestock: effects onGentiana luteareproductive success." PeerJ 4 (March 15, 2016): e1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1685.
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Angiosperms diversification was primarily driven by pollinator agents, but non-pollinator agents also promoted floral evolution.Gentiana luteashows pollinator driven flower color variation in NW Spain. We test whether insect herbivores and livestock, which frequently feed inG.lutea, play a role inG. luteaflower color variation, by answering the following questions: (i) Do insect herbivores and grazing livestock show flower color preferences when feeding onG. lutea? (ii) Do mutualists (pollinators) and antagonists (seed predators, insect herbivores and livestock) jointly affectG. luteareproductive success? Insect herbivores fed more often on yellow flowering individuals but they did not affect seed production, whereas livestock affected seed production but did not show clear color preferences. Our data indicate that flower color variation ofG. luteais not affected by insect herbivores or grazing livestock.
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Simiyu, Robert Romborah, and Dick Foeken. "‘I'm only allowed to sell milk and eggs’: Gender aspects of urban livestock keeping in Eldoret, Kenya." Journal of Modern African Studies 51, no. 4 (November 18, 2013): 577–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x1300061x.
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ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the gender aspects of urban livestock keeping in Eldoret, Kenya. It shows that men and women play different but complementary roles in livestock keeping. Men show greater preference for and are more involved – in terms of decision-making and responsibility taking – with large livestock and where income is the primary motive for livestock keeping, and perform tasks of an outdoor nature and/or which require considerable technical knowledge. On the other hand, women prefer and exercise greater control over small livestock, make the most decisions about consumption use of livestock products, and perform home-based routine tasks. However, there are instances where men and women cross gender boundaries, for instance where labour of the opposite gender is absent in the household, or as a strategy to control benefits accruing to the livestock. In terms of livelihood outcomes, women's role in livestock keeping is geared more towards improving household nutritional and food security status, while men's role is motivated more by personal benefits.
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Lagat, Philemon, and Dr John Nyangena. "THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN KENYA." Journal of Agricultural Policy 1, no. 1 (October 12, 2018): 58–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jap.105.
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Purpose: This study examined the effects of climate variability on livestock production in Kenya.Methodology: The study used the Ricardian cross-sectional approach to measure the relationship between climate variability and net revenue from livestock. Net livestock revenue is regressed against various climate and socio-economic variables to help determine the factors that influence variability in net livestock revenues. This study is based on data from ASDSP household baseline survey of 1871 livestock farming households interviewed across the country.Results: The empirical results show that climatic variables (temperature and precipitation) have significant effects on net livestock revenues in Kenya. The net livestock revenues are affected negatively by increases in temperature and rainfall. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that there is a need to provide adequate extension information services to ensure that farmers receive up-to-date information so as to ensure increased production. Similarly, policies that increase farmer training and access to credit can help improve net livestock revenues.
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Iannella, Mattia, Giulia Console, Paola D’Alessandro, Francesco Cerasoli, Cristina Mantoni, Fabrizio Ruggieri, Francesca Di Donato, and Maurizio Biondi. "Preliminary Analysis of the Diet of Triturus carnifex and Pollution in Mountain Karst Ponds in Central Apennines." Water 12, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010044.
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Mountain karst ponds are sensitive environments, hosting complex trophic networks where amphibians play a major role, often as top predators. The diet of the Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex) is still poorly known for populations occupying mountain karst ponds. These are traditionally used as livestock’s watering points, leading to water pollution due to excreta and wading behavior. The aim of this paper is to understand the relationship between T. carnifex diet composition, assessed through the stomach flushing technique, and physical and chemical characteristics in mountain ponds, focusing on parameters altered by livestock pressure, such as ammonium concentration and dissolved oxygen. The high diversity of prey items found within the newts’ gut contents confirms the generalist diet even in mountain ponds. The number of prey taxa, their relative abundance and Shannon–Wiener diversity index show variations among the sampled sites, related to livestock organic pollution. Moreover, we report the very first European records of microplastic items in amphibians’ stomach content, which also represent the first evidence for Caudata worldwide. Our findings suggest that livestock pressure directly influences T. carnifex diet and highlight that the emerging issue of plastics is a threat even in remote high-altitude environments.
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Tembo, Gelson, Evans Kapekele, Alice Tembo, Fusya Y. Goma, and Jairos Sambo. "Livestock Trends and Farmers’ Perceptions about their Impacts in Southern Zambia." Journal of Agricultural Studies 2, no. 2 (March 30, 2014): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v2i2.5397.
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This study uses data from a mixed-methods survey of livestock-rearing communities in three districts in the Southern Province of Zambia to understand trends in livestock numbers and smallholder farmers' perceptions about their impacts on livelihoods. The results show that livestock numbers have generally declined due to disease outbreaks and distress selling of livestock, which are most prevalent during droughts. These have in turn led to a myriad of impacts, including: i) reduction of cultivated land area, ii) reduction of school-related expenditure, iii) households sliding on the poverty scale, and iv) reduction of expenditure on other household needs such as clothing. However, the extent to which these have been experienced varies by livestock system and poverty status of the household. Districts that rear less resilient livestock species, such as cattle, are more likely to perceive severe effects of livestock-related shocks, which tend to be worse when they are also poor.
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Neethirajan, Suresh, and Bas Kemp. "Digital Phenotyping in Livestock Farming." Animals 11, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11072009.
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Currently, large volumes of data are being collected on farms using multimodal sensor technologies. These sensors measure the activity, housing conditions, feed intake, and health of farm animals. With traditional methods, the data from farm animals and their environment can be collected intermittently. However, with the advancement of wearable and non-invasive sensing tools, these measurements can be made in real-time for continuous quantitation relating to clinical biomarkers, resilience indicators, and behavioral predictors. The digital phenotyping of humans has drawn enormous attention recently due to its medical significance, but much research is still needed for the digital phenotyping of farm animals. Implications from human studies show great promise for the application of digital phenotyping technology in modern livestock farming, but these technologies must be directly applied to animals to understand their true capacities. Due to species-specific traits, certain technologies required to assess phenotypes need to be tailored efficiently and accurately. Such devices allow for the collection of information that can better inform farmers on aspects of animal welfare and production that need improvement. By explicitly addressing farm animals’ individual physiological and mental (affective states) needs, sensor-based digital phenotyping has the potential to serve as an effective intervention platform. Future research is warranted for the design and development of digital phenotyping technology platforms that create shared data standards, metrics, and repositories.
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Kostlivý, Vladimír, and Zuzana Fuksová. "Technical efficiency and its determinants for Czech livestock farms." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 4 (April 24, 2019): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/162/2018-agricecon.
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Organic farming has become an important part of Czech agriculture. The aim of this study is an evaluation of the technical efficiency of Czech organic farms and determining the main factors, including subsidies, which affect the technical efficiency of both conventional and organic farms. The Farm Accountancy Data Network Czech Republic (FADN CR) database provides sufficient panel data for this kind of research focusing on types of farming with livestock production. The methodological tool used to achieve the aim of this paper is the parametric stochastic frontier analysis, “True” Random Effects model, supposing farms heterogeneity and time variant determinants of inefficiency. The results of the research verified differences in the technical efficiency of organic and conventional agriculture related both to the different farming methods and to the production conditions. The type of farming and the economic size of farms influence the farms’ profitability, economic performance and comparability with conventional farms. The technical efficiency of organic farming is growing over the long term. Farms with growing technical efficiency show a decline in the proportion of operating subsidies to production, irrespective of their classification in quartiles by the technical efficiency estimate.
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Suryawanshi, Kulbhushansingh R., Stephen M. Redpath, Yash Veer Bhatnagar, Uma Ramakrishnan, Vaibhav Chaturvedi, Sophie C. Smout, and Charudutt Mishra. "Impact of wild prey availability on livestock predation by snow leopards." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 6 (June 2017): 170026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170026.
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An increasing proportion of the world's poor is rearing livestock today, and the global livestock population is growing. Livestock predation by large carnivores and their retaliatory killing is becoming an economic and conservation concern. A common recommendation for carnivore conservation and for reducing predation on livestock is to increase wild prey populations based on the assumption that the carnivores will consume this alternative food. Livestock predation, however, could either reduce or intensify with increases in wild prey depending on prey choice and trends in carnivore abundance. We show that the extent of livestock predation by the endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia intensifies with increases in the density of wild ungulate prey, and subsequently stabilizes. We found that snow leopard density, estimated at seven sites, was a positive linear function of the density of wild ungulates—the preferred prey—and showed no discernible relationship with livestock density. We also found that modelled livestock predation increased with livestock density. Our results suggest that snow leopard conservation would benefit from an increase in wild ungulates, but that would intensify the problem of livestock predation for pastoralists. The potential benefits of increased wild prey abundance in reducing livestock predation can be overwhelmed by a resultant increase in snow leopard populations. Snow leopard conservation efforts aimed at facilitating increases in wild prey must be accompanied by greater assistance for better livestock protection and offsetting the economic damage caused by carnivores.
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Leneman, Marjan, Eva Jordans, and Katinka de Balogh de Balogh. "Cultural factors in livestock emergency management." July 2021 10.47389/36, no. 36.3 (July 2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47389/36.3.69.
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Despite the institutionalisation of volcanic eruption early warning and response systems, casualties are still seen among local farmers who are reluctant to evacuate. Farmers may also prematurely return to their farms to save livelihoods and take care of animals. Case studies and media reports show the importance of understanding the cultural beliefs of residents when developing emergency plans. By reviewing literature from different scientific disciplines in relation to volcanic eruptions and livestock emergency preparedness, differences can be identified in the underlying risk and control paradigms, including the meaning given to volcanoes and livestock. Concurrently, livestock emergency preparedness approaches fall short of people-orientation. Using selected studies that consider these aspects, a people-centred and culture-sensitive framework to improve local learning and participation in emergency preparedness is offered. With disaster events becoming more frequent, participatory learning is useful to strengthen emergency management and preparedness programs.
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Barker, J. S. F. "Conservation of livestock breed diversity." Animal Genetic Resources Information 25 (April 1999): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900005770.
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SUMMARYMankind uses some 40 species of animals as domestic livestock to meet our needs for food, clothing, power, etc. Within these species, there are in total some 4,500 breeds that are referred to as the global animal genetic resources. Each breed comprises a unique set of genes. More than 30% of breeds are estimated to be at risk of extinction, and many more, particularly in developing countries, are threatened by inefficient utilization. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has been mandated by its member nations to manage the global animal genetic resources, and major progress has been made in the last few years. However, resources are limited, and priorities will have to be set for breed conservation, for breed development programmes and for evaluation studies. Breeds that are taxonomically distinct should be favoured for conservation, the objective being to maintain maximum genetic diversity of each livestock species. Genetic distances and phylogenetic diversity provide the best available objective criterion, and microsatellites are the current markers of choice for obtaining the genetic data. Microsatellite-based genetic distances will describe breed similarities due to common ancestry, but cannot account for consequences of artificial or natural selection. Phylogenetic trees for 11 water buffalo populations in southeast Asia, constructed using 25 polymorphic protein coding loci or 21 microsatellite loci, show differences in both topology and branch lengths, but the microsatellite tree is a better representation of the similarities due to common ancestry. Thus phylogenetic diversity, based on microsatellite loci, should be used as an initial guide in making conservation decisions for livestock breeds.
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Jiang, Ye, Qing Zhang, Jianming Niu, and Jianguo Wu. "Pastoral Population Growth and Land Use Policy Has Significantly Impacted Livestock Structure in Inner Mongolia—A Case Study in the Xilinhot Region." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 16, 2019): 7208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247208.
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The traditional livestock industry in Inner Mongolia has evolved rapidly in response to social and economic transformations during recent decades, resulting in substantial impacts on the rural economy and livelihoods of pastoralists. Improved understanding of these changes and potential drivers may help foster strategies to sustain the pastoral system of this region. Using long-term climate, social-economic, and livestock (cattle, horses, sheep, and goats) population data from 1970 to 2010, we analyzed the dynamics of the livestock industry and main driving factors in the Xilinhot region—a central part of the Inner Mongolia Grassland. Our results show that the total livestock population increased dramatically in the past four decades, especially during 1987–2010. Livestock composition also changed substantially, with increasing sheep, goat, and cattle populations but a decreasing horse population. Pastoral population growth and land use policy were the primary drivers for livestock dynamics during 1970–2010. Livestock structure became differentiated progressively with changes in land use policy. Also, climate factors had an important influence on livestock production. The current study suggests that sustainable animal husbandry in this region requires government policies that promote ecological urbanization, livestock production efficiency, incentive systems for grassland conservation, and collective action and cooperation for enhancing social capital and resilience.
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Perry, Brian, and Delia Grace. "The impacts of livestock diseases and their control on growth and development processes that are pro-poor." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1530 (September 27, 2009): 2643–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0097.
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Poverty is now at the heart of development discourse; we discuss how it is measured and understood. We next consider the negative and positive impacts of livestock on pro-poor development. Taking a value-chain approach that includes keepers, users and eaters of livestock, we identify diseases that are road blocks on the ‘three livestock pathways out of poverty’. We discuss livestock impacts on poverty reduction and review attempts to prioritize the livestock diseases relevant to the poor. We make suggestions for metrics that better measure disease impact and show the benefits of more rigorous evaluation before reviewing recent attempts to measure the importance of disease to the poor. High impact of a disease does not guarantee high benefits from its control; other factors must be taken into consideration, including technical feasibility and political desirability. We conclude by considering how we might better understand and exploit the roles of livestock and improved animal health by posing three speculative questions on the impact of livestock diseases and their control on global poverty: how can understanding livestock and poverty links help disease control?; if global poverty reduction was the aim of livestock disease control, how would it differ from the current model?; and how much of the impact of livestock disease on poverty is due to disease control policy rather than disease itself?
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Nurkholis, Nurkholis, Suluh Nusantoro, Aan Awaludin, M. Adhyatma, and Bagus Djuni. "Pemanfaatan Kotoran Ternak Sebagai Sumber Energi Alternatif di Kelompok Ternak Sapi Potong Sido Makmur Umbulsari Jember." Journal of Community Development 1, no. 2 (April 20, 2021): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/comdev.v1i2.16.
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The sustainability of the livestock business does not only depend on the success of the maintenance system which aims at increasing productivity, but also on the ability to process the resulting livestock waste. Livestock waste is the main source of quality degradation for the environment, this occurs due to the presence of ammonia and methane gas which is formed from the decomposition of organic matter. Ammonia along with other gases can cause acid rain, while methane gas causes a greenhouse effect. This community service partner is a farmer who is part of the "Sido Makmur" beef cattle group in Umbulrejo village, Umbulsari sub-district, Jember district. The purpose of this community service activity is to transfer knowledge and technology regarding livestock waste processing to be used as biogas. The selection of waste treatment topics is based on a situation analysis of the "Sido Makmur" livestock group. The results of the situation analysis show that generally livestock manure is not processed and is left around the stables and there are some group members who have difficulty buying LPG fuel because it is considered quite expensive. The implementation of the service consists of several activitie, the first was outreach activities, demonstrations / practices and assistance of community service activities. The results of the community service survey which have shown that the application of technology in the processing or utilization of livestock manure into a useful material that even has economic value will support the creation of an environmentally friendly livestock system or zerro waste system, besides that it will also improve the welfare of breeders through minimizing the cost of purchasing fuel.
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Filippini, Rosalia, Sabine Gennai-Schott, Tiziana Sabbatini, Sylvie Lardon, and Elisa Marraccini. "Quality Labels as Drivers of Peri-Urban Livestock Systems Resilience." Land 9, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9070211.
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Livestock farming systems have an important role in the territorial systems of the Mediterranean, but in the last twenty years the sector has undergone serious changes with an important decrease in the number of farms. The purpose of this study is to show the contribution of a local food certification to the resilience of peri-urban livestock farming system and of its food supply chain at territorial level. The focus is on the “Carne Bovina di Pisa” project, a private label promoted by the local livestock producers’ association, with the purpose of preserving biodiversity and provide farmers with an opportunity to strengthen their local marketing power. The case study is the peri-urban area of Pisa (Tuscany, Italy), representative of the urbanized Mediterranean coastal plains with high urban pressure on agricultural land and increasing agricultural abandonment in the peri-urban area. The analysis is based on the qualitative analysis of interviews to stakeholders and the quantitative figures about the changes in livestock system. Results show that the label has positively sustained both the resilience of farming systems and the local food supply chains.
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Delattre, Laurence, Marta Debolini, Jean Christophe Paoli, Claude Napoleone, Michel Moulery, Lara Leonelli, and Pierre Santucci. "Understanding the Relationships between Extensive Livestock Systems, Land-Cover Changes, and CAP Support in Less-Favored Mediterranean Areas." Land 9, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9120518.
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Farm abandonment and over-extensification trends in less-favored livestock breeding areas in the Mediterranean have led to socio-environmental issues that are difficult to assess and address, due to the characteristics of these areas (e.g., poor data availability and reliability). In a study case that presents many of the characteristics common to these areas, we combine qualitative and quantitative approaches to assess (i) the relationship between livestock production and land-cover change and (ii) the drivers of farmer decisions, concerning the types of livestock they breed. We show that the Common Agricultural Policy’s objective of open-landscape preservation cannot be achieved through the observed livestock management practices, with the most heavily CAP subsidy-dependent activities (e.g., suckler-cow breeding) having one of the weakest contributions to this objective. We also econometrically show that suckler-cow breeding is more likely to be adopted as a complementary or main activity in farms facing a labor scarcity and land abundance context. These results complement the literature and contribute to the discussion regarding the design of CAP support for less-favored Mediterranean areas.
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Mao, Chunlan, Ningning Zhai, Jingchao Yang, Yongzhong Feng, Yanchun Cao, Xinhui Han, Guangxin Ren, Gaihe Yang, and Qing-xiang Meng. "Environmental Kuznets Curve Analysis of the Economic Development and Nonpoint Source Pollution in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Districts in China." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/267968.
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This study applies the environmental Kuznets curve to test the relationship between the regional economic growth and the different types of agricultural nonpoint source pollution loads in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area by using the Johnes export coefficient method. Results show that the pollution load generated by crop cultivation and livestock-breeding industries in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area shows an inverted U-shaped feature; however, this feature is absent in living-sewage pollution load. Crop pollution has shown a decreasing trend since 1997 because of the increased per capita income of farmers. Livestock-breeding pollution load reached its turning point when the per capita income of farmers reached 8386.74 RMB. Therefore, an increase in the per capita income of farmers corresponds to an increase in the livestock-breeding pollution load in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area.
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Mayala, Nyanjige Mbembela, Mangasini Atanasi Katundu, and Elibariki Emmanuel Msuya. "Socio-cultural Factors influencing livestock investment decisions among Smallholder Farmers in Mbulu and Bariadi Districts, Tanzania." Global Business Review 20, no. 5 (December 8, 2017): 1214–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917742556.
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Several different actors are involved in making sure smallholder farmers are motivated to commit funds in expectation of future returns (investment decisions) from useful domesticated animals (livestock). However, efforts by the government, international organizations and the private sector have not been able to significantly increase trade trends in Tanzania’s livestock which explains that there could be a lot more reasons for that. This manuscript assesses the socio-cultural factors (SCFs) influencing livestock investment decisions among smallholder farmers in Mbulu and Bariadi districts in Tanzania. A cross-sectional research design was employed where a sample of 333 respondents and 9 key informants were interviewed. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire and a key informant checklist. A binary logistic regression model (BLRM) was used to analyse the relationship between SCFs and livestock investment decisions. Results show that store of wealth is the most influencing factor followed by prestige, bride prices, ethnicity and number of children (significant at p < 0.05) to household livestock investment decisions. The study generally concludes that smallholder farmers consider their cultural perspectives before they decide on livestock management styles and that blending the SCFs and other factors could secure more livestock investments.
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YARWOOD, RICHARD, MATTHEW TONTS, and ROY JONES. "The Historical Geographies of Showing Livestock: a Case Study of the Perth Royal Show, Western Australia." Geographical Research 48, no. 3 (December 3, 2009): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2009.00623.x.
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KC, Shumsher, and YP Timilsina. "Factors Affecting Peoples' Participation on Vulture Conservation from Kaski district of Nepal." Conservation Science 1, no. 1 (September 8, 2013): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cs.v1i1.8580.
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Aim This paper explores the social factors affecting local peoples' participation in the vulture conservation. Location Kaski, Nepal. Materials and Methods This study examines attitude of local people towards vulture conservation using a questionnaire survey of 130 households drawn randomly from the two vicinities of the vulture colonies. Key findings The results show that 77.4% of respondents rear an average of 2.97 livestock unit (LSU) per household. More than half of respondents who rear livestock (53.82%) dump livestock carcasses in the open fields. Ethnicity, age, education status, gender, livestock unit and involvement in conservation activities are the most significant predictors for the positive attitudes towards vulture conservation. Those who are young, male, educated, involved in organizations and do not rear livestock are most likely to support vulture conservation. Conservation implications Conservation education is a key for vulture conservation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cs.v1i1.8580 Conservation Science 2013 1(1), 19-26
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Zhang, Li. "The Simulation Study on Environmental Field of Livestock and Poultry Establishments under Two Winds Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 1323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.1323.
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The living environment of the rural livestock has the influence on livestock health and production performance. Its living environment in general is composited by the warm air temperature, humidity, airflow (wind) speed and solar radiation. Air flow conditions within the livestock and poultry establishments have a significant impact on livestock living environment and other factors. In this paper, the method of computational fluid dynamics is used to analyze the distribution of the velocity field and temperature field within the fan imports and corridor export conditions of livestock and poultry breeding places. The results show that: the airflow in the vicinity of the air inlet fan speed larger maximum reach 6.09m / s, the wind speed is low in the other regions. In Breeding places, the air flow near the fan on both sides of the wall near vortex, the more the more obvious near the center of the vortex of the place. The temperature near fans inlet is significantly lower than that near the other regions. The research results will provide ventilation of livestock breeding places designed to provide a theoretical basis and guidance.
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Cheng, J., G. L. Wu, L. P. Zhao, Y. Li, W. Li, and J. M. Cheng. "Cumulative effects of 20-year exclusion of livestock grazing on above- and belowground biomass of typical steppe communities in arid areas of the Loess Plateau, China." Plant, Soil and Environment 57, No. 1 (January 14, 2011): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/153/2010-pse.
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Overgrazing affects typical steppe community in ways similar to grasslands in other areas. Exclusion of livestock grazing is one of the main management practices used to protect grasslands. However, it is not known if long-term exclusion of livestock grazing has positive effect on above- and belowground community properties in typical steppe of the Loess Plateau. We studied the long-term (20-year) cumulative effects of exclusion of livestock grazing on above- and belowground community properties compared with that before exclusion of livestock grazing in a typical steppe of the Loess Plateau, NW China. Our results show that twenty-year exclusion of livestock grazing significantly increased above- and belowground biomass, species richness, cover and height for five different communities. Most of belowground biomass was in the 0–20 cm horizon and grazing exclusion increased biomass especially at the depth of 0–10 cm. Our study suggests that long-term exclusion of livestock grazing can greatly improve community properties of typical steppe in the Loess Plateau.
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Mashur, Mashur. "KELEMBAGAAN LAHAN KOMUNAL UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN TERNAK DI NTB (KASUS KABUPATEN SUMBAWA)." Prisma Sains : Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Matematika dan IPA IKIP Mataram 2, no. 1 (June 7, 2014): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v2i1.1050.
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Utilization of communal land in NTB about 20% and still available 80% for the development of livestock business. Therefore, communal land has weaknesses, especially in the provision of feed in the dry season, and lack of local government support in land use as a basis for livestock development. This study aims to determine the utilization of pastures, cattle rearing patterns, and government support in the development of cattle breeding. The study was conducted in Sumbawa Regency in October 2013 through a survey. The results show that some communal land has not been utilized for livestock development, and there is a reduction in pasture land as it is converted to agriculture. Communal land management is not maximized and has an impact on the lack of feed in the dry season. The pattern of livestock raising is still traditional. As a result, low productivity and increased mortality. Local institutional support and local government policy for communal land use for livestock development is relatively low. To improve the productivity of livestock, it is necessary to change the pattern of maintenance through the development of forage feed.
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Smith, Lindsay J., Janna M. Schurer, Eurade Ntakiyisumba, Anselme Shyaka, and Janetrix Hellen Amuguni. "Rift Valley fever knowledge, mitigation strategies and communication preferences among male and female livestock farmers in Eastern Province, Rwanda." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): e0009705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009705.
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The Government of Rwanda reported an outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) in the Eastern Province in 2018. To respond to the outbreak, vaccination and education campaigns about the disease were carried out. Because RVF cases continue to be detected in Rwanda and the disease impacts livelihoods and health, accurate knowledge and communication are imperative. The objectives of this study were to evaluate knowledge and risk perceptions of RVF transmission among livestock farmers in Nyagatare District, Eastern Province, Rwanda, and to compare RVF knowledge, risk perceptions, and farming practices between male and female livestock farmers. This cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted in selected sectors of Nyagatare District in the Eastern Province of Rwanda in June 2019. A 34-question survey was used to ask about demographics, livestock ownership, risk perceptions about zoonotic diseases and livestock management, RVF knowledge, preferred communication sources and information sharing strategies, and protective strategies for RVF mitigation while working with livestock. Livestock farmers were interviewed at three milk collection centers, two village meeting points, a farm cooperative meeting, and during door-to-door visits in villages. In total, 123 livestock farmers were interviewed. The survey found that most livestock farmers lacked knowledge about epizootic and zoonotic transmission of RVF, more male livestock farmers were familiar with RVF and risk mitigation strategies, and female livestock farmers are not viewed as reliable sources of information. Additionally, most livestock farmers had not vaccinated their animals against RVF despite past vaccination campaigns. Radio was the most popular communication channel. These findings show that RVF knowledge and information sharing are inadequate among livestock farmers in Eastern Province. Therefore, vaccination and education campaigns may need to be reevaluated within the context of these trends in order to prepare for future RVF outbreaks.
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Tam, Nguyen Thoai, Ho Quoc Bang, Vu Hoang Ngoc Khue, and Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy. "Study of odor simulation and proposed odor isolation distance for some main pollutants (H2S, NH3, CH3SH ) for livestock activities: Applied in Ho Chi Minh City." Science & Technology Development Journal - Science of The Earth & Environment 5, no. 1 (June 8, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjsee.v5i1.550.
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Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is the largest city in Vietnam, with the highest economic growth rate and the most populous density in the country. By the year 2019, HCMC currently has 8.99 million people with 24 districts. Ho Chi Minh city has robust industrial and service development; therefore, HCMC focuses on developing large-scale livestock facilities with a large number of pigs and limiting small livestock facilities. According to statistic data, HCMC has a total of 290.152 pigs in 2018. These livestock facilities are mainly built in Cu Chi, Hoc Mon, Binh Chanh, Can Gio, and Nha Be districts. These livestock facilities in HCMC have inefficient waste treatment systems located interleaved with residential areas. So that, environmental issues are also a big challenge for the city's government because of the great influence of odor on the surrounding environment causing by the wind direction. The main purposes of this study are (i) calculation of odor emissions from livestock facilities, (ii) simulation of the odor from livestock facilities , and (iii) development of the safe distance of odor for livestock facilities in HCMC. The study results show that, the concertrations from livestock facilitties with capacity from from 50 to 200 pigs and 200 to 500 pigs are lower than QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT. The minimum distance for the livestock facility with capacity from over 500 to 1,000 pigs and over 1,000 pigs to the residential area are 230m and 650m, respectively. The procedure for calculating the odor isolation distance developing in this study could apply for other livestock facilities in other provinces, cities.
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Dimitrov, Ts, and l. Dimitrova. "PRESERVATION OF LIVESTOCK GENETIC RESOURCES IN BULGARIA." Animal Genetic Resources Information 14 (April 1994): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s101423390000033x.
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SUMMARYThe objective of this study is to present the local livestock breeds threatened with extinction as well to suggest an alternative initiative for their preservation and utilization. Both the geographical location and natural resources of Bulgaria are prerequisites for a large variety among species and strains of farm animals. Traditionally a considerable number of local breeds and strains have been bred on the territory of the country. In the recent 25–30 years an evident decline of their numbers is marked chiefly due to the introduction of high-productive, widespread breeds. This study presents the biological features of local indigenous breeds of farm animals threatened with extinction as well as the specificity of their region of location. The genetic research results based on polymorphism of serum blood proteins and blood groups are discussed. The diversity of indigenous sheep breeds is the largest, and 15 of them are under control. In latter years investigations show that they are 1.3 to 3.6 per cent from the total number of this species. The genetic analyses attest that these specific genetic resources can be used for keeping the genetic variety within and between sheep populations as well as for improving the adaptability of the newlyestablished breeds. Among the cattle two local breeds are of interest for genetic resources preservation purposes. As the most attractive emerges, Rhodope's Short-Horned cattle having unique biological characteristics as a representative of Bos Taunis in Europe and whose domain of location is over 1800 meters above sea level. The only impressive strain among the pig breeds has a different biological status from the well-known breeds on the European continent. The results of the present study show that the investigated indigenous breeds and strains are mainly located in mountainous regions considered as“hard”for farming. Thus, the preservation of genetic resources of local farm animals will contribute in using their valuable abilities of adaptation for breeding programmes in ecologically clear regions.
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Nguyen, Thoai Tam, Hoang Ngoc Khue Vu, Thi Thu Thuy Nguyen, Thi Thuy Hang Nguyen, and Quoc Bang Ho. "Study atmospheric pollution to develop a process for calculating the isolation safe distance for livestock activities: Applied in Ho Chi Minh City." European Journal of Geosciences 2, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34154/2020-ejgs-0202-01-14/euraass.
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Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is the largest city in Vietnam, with the highest economic growth rate and the most populous density in the country. By the year 2019, HCMC currently has 8.99 million people with 24 districts. Ho Chi Minh city has robust industrial and service development; therefore, this city focuses on developing large-scale livestock facilities with a large number of pigs and limiting small livestock facilities. According to statistic data, HCMC has a total of 275,000 pigs in 2019. These livestock facilities are mainly built in Cu Chi, Hoc Mon, Binh Chanh, Can Gio, and Nha Be districts. These livestock facilities in HCMC have inefficient waste treatment systems located interleaved with residential areas. So that, environmental issues are also a big challenge for the city's government because of the great influence of odor on the surrounding environment causing by the wind direction. The main purposes of this study are (i) calculation of odor emissions from livestock facilities, (ii) simulation of the odor from livestock facilities, and (iii) development of the safe distance of odor for livestock facilities in HCMC. The study results show that 230m and 650m is the minimum distance from the livestock facility with capacity from over 500 to 1,000 pigs and over 1,000 pigs to the residential area, respectively. The procedure for calculating the odor isolation distance developing in this study could apply for other livestock facilities in other provinces, cities.
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Schader, Christian, Adrian Muller, Nadia El-Hage Scialabba, Judith Hecht, Anne Isensee, Karl-Heinz Erb, Pete Smith, et al. "Impacts of feeding less food-competing feedstuffs to livestock on global food system sustainability." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 113 (December 2015): 20150891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0891.
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Increasing efficiency in livestock production and reducing the share of animal products in human consumption are two strategies to curb the adverse environmental impacts of the livestock sector. Here, we explore the room for sustainable livestock production by modelling the impacts and constraints of a third strategy in which livestock feed components that compete with direct human food crop production are reduced. Thus, in the outmost scenario, animals are fed only from grassland and by-products from food production. We show that this strategy could provide sufficient food (equal amounts of human-digestible energy and a similar protein/calorie ratio as in the reference scenario for 2050) and reduce environmental impacts compared with the reference scenario (in the most extreme case of zero human-edible concentrate feed: greenhouse gas emissions −18%; arable land occupation −26%, N-surplus −46%; P-surplus −40%; non-renewable energy use −36%, pesticide use intensity −22%, freshwater use −21%, soil erosion potential −12%). These results occur despite the fact that environmental efficiency of livestock production is reduced compared with the reference scenario, which is the consequence of the grassland-based feed for ruminants and the less optimal feeding rations based on by-products for non-ruminants. This apparent contradiction results from considerable reductions of animal products in human diets (protein intake per capita from livestock products reduced by 71%). We show that such a strategy focusing on feed components which do not compete with direct human food consumption offers a viable complement to strategies focusing on increased efficiency in production or reduced shares of animal products in consumption.
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Carlsson, Fredrik, Peter Frykblom, and Carl Johan Lagerkvist. "Farm Animal Welfare—Testing for Market Failure." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 39, no. 1 (April 2007): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800022756.
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Many consumers are concerned with animal welfare in the conventional production of farm livestock. This concern can be related both to their own and others' consumption. In the latter case, there is a negative externality from consumption. We suggest a survey design that enables us to test for a market failure in farm livestock production. Applying this to the question of battery cages in egg production, we cannot show that a market failure exists. The policy can be extended to a general discussion of how potential market failures for all kind of farm livestock should be managed.
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LEISTER, AMANDA M., PHILIP L. PAARLBERG, and JOHN G. LEE. "DYNAMIC EFFECTS OF DROUGHT ON U.S. CROP AND LIVESTOCK SECTORS." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 47, no. 2 (May 2015): 261–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2015.8.
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AbstractThis study investigates the long-term adjustments to drought by crop and livestock sectors using a dynamic partial equilibrium quarterly model of the U.S. agricultural economy. Results show that short-term drought effects including increases in crop and forage prices are in tandem with decreased live cattle prices resulting from drought-induced beef cattle herd liquidation. Crop price increases in the long run cause livestock inventory reductions, leading to fewer animals moving through the U.S. meat supply chain and increased livestock prices. Longer-term market adjustments cause a significant decrease in consumer surplus, and prolonged drought amplifies and extends the model-predicted results.
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Reynolds, Len, and Mohammad Jabbar. "The Role of Alley Farming in African Livestock Production." Outlook on Agriculture 23, no. 2 (June 1994): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709402300206.
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The incorporation of livestock into alley farming systems, in which food or forage crops are grown between hedges of multipurpose trees that are regularly pruned for mulch and/or forage, has been studied for over 10 years in Africa. Prunings from leguminous trees such as Leucaena and Gliricidia can be used for mulch, increasing crop yields, but the trees may also be pruned for fodder, especially during fallow periods. The major benefit from supplementing the diet of free-roaming small ruminants in West Africa with the foliage of leguminous trees is increased survival, and the forage is best directed at late pregnant and lactating females. In East Africa crossbred dairy cows show a significant response in milk production to supplementation with Leucaena. Economic analyses of livestock production show that continuous alley farming is more profitable than alley farming with fallow, or conventional no-tree farming, even when the cost of clearing trees at the end of their useful life is included.
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Mishra, Charudutt, Herbert H. T. Prins, and Sipke E. van Wieren. "Overstocking in the trans-Himalayan rangelands of India." Environmental Conservation 28, no. 3 (September 2001): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892901000297.
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High livestock densities in rangelands can result in reduced animal production due either to overgrazing or reduced per caput food availability, yet evidence for reduced animal production due to overstocking is scarce. Here simple animal production models establish the occurrence of overstocking in a traditional agropastoral system in the Spiti Valley of the Indian Trans-Himalaya. Empirical data show that fecundity of adult female livestock is related to total livestock biomass density (S) as a negative linear function of S. Total herd production is modelled as a quadratic function of S, thereby calculating an optimum livestock biomass density (Sop), at which total herd production is maximized. A sample of 40 villages showed that over 83% of Spiti's rangelands may be overstocked with values of S > Sop. Overstocking seems to be a classic case of the tragedy of the commons, as livestock is individually owned while the land is communally grazed. Recent socio-economic changes have probably contributed to high levels of overstocking. Even areas within wildlife reserves are overstocked. Conservation management needs to focus on creation of grazing free areas and management of livestock densities.
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Mulema, Annet Abenakyo, Wole Kinati, Mamusha Lemma, Mesfin Mekonnen, Biruk G. Alemu, Belay Elias, Yifru Demeke, Hiwot Desta, and Barbara Wieland. "Clapping with Two Hands: Transforming Gender Relations and Zoonotic Disease Risks through Community Conversations in Rural Ethiopia." Human Ecology 48, no. 6 (October 26, 2020): 651–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-020-00184-y.
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AbstractGender inequalities and zoonoses are major concerns in livestock production systems worldwide. Livestock producers are at high risk of zoonotic diseases due to direct and indirect contact with their livestock and livestock products. Gender differences and inequalities in roles, access to and control over resources, decision-making, and cultural norms influence exposure to, perceptions, and management practices for zoonotic disease risks. Using participatory action research, we tested the effectiveness of community conversations in changing gender relations and practices that expose livestock keepers to zoonoses in three districts of rural Ethiopia. Our findings show that community conversations change mindsets and practices regarding gender roles, access to and control over resources, decision-making in households, handling livestock, and consumption of animal-source foods. Behavioral change happens when women and men diagnose and understand the problem, reflect on the beliefs/norms that determine their practices, make shifts in cognitive and emotional mental models, commit, and take actions. This has practical and policy implications for interventions that aim to change behavior. The process requires nurturing collaborative relations, trust-building, community-driven social learning, enhancing local capacities, breaking belief traps, and complementarity to existing interventions.
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Lamouroux, David, Jan Nagler, Theo Geisel, and Stephan Eule. "Paradoxical effects of coupling infectious livestock populations and imposing transport restrictions." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1800 (February 7, 2015): 20142805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2805.
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Spatial heterogeneity of a host population of mobile agents has been shown to be a crucial determinant of many aspects of disease dynamics, ranging from the proliferation of diseases to their persistence and to vaccination strategies. In addition, the importance of regional and structural differences grows in our modern world. Little is known, though, about the consequences when traits of a disease vary regionally. In this paper, we study the effect of a spatially varying per capita infection rate on the behaviour of livestock diseases. We show that the prevalence of an infectious livestock disease in a community of animals can paradoxically decrease owing to transport connections to other communities in which the risk of infection is higher. We study the consequences for the design of livestock transportation restriction measures and establish exact criteria to discriminate those connections that increase the level of infection in the community from those that decrease it.
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Sampurna, I. Putu, Tjokorda Sari Nindhia, and I. Made Sukada. "The Comparison Between Norotate and Promax Rotations of Biplot Simulation in The Management of Bali Cattle’s Breeding Farms on Integrated Farming System." Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 3, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jvas.2020.v03.i01.p04.
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This study aims to determine the comparison between Norotate Rotation and Promax Rotation (90) of Biplot Simulation in the management of Bali Cattle Breeding Farms on Integrated Farming System (Simantri). It used to determine the difference of coordinates between the variables and also obtain the information about the difference in the proximity of the coordinates between livestock groups.The study conducted on Simantri who had livestock groups in Badung Regency, Bali in which the data collected were analyzed by factor analysis with Norotate Rotation and Promax Rotation (90). The variable of this study was a livestock management which included management of cows, calves, feed, cowshed, environmental,and the objects of the study were thelivestock groups. The Biplot simulation used to determine the coordinates of the livestock groups determined based on the Factor Scores Method Regression Analysis. The results with different rotations caused differences in the magnitude of the arrow angles and directions between management of cows, calves, feeds, cowshed and environmental which also followed by differences in the coordinate systems of the livestock groups. The angle between management of cows, calves, feeds, cowshed, and environmental do not show the magnitude of the correlation between them. It can be stated that the coordinates of Livestock groups on Promax Rotation (90) are more specific than Norotate Rotation, therefore it is easier to distinguish the different scores between the variables on the Livestock groups.
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Peña-Mondragón, Juan L., Alicia Castillo, Almira Hoogesteijn, and Enrique Martínez-Meyer. "Livestock predation by jaguars Panthera onca in south-eastern Mexico: the role of local peoples’ practices." Oryx 51, no. 2 (February 18, 2016): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605315001088.
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AbstractInadequate livestock husbandry practices threaten the maintenance of global biodiversity and provoke conflicts between people and wildlife, and large carnivorous mammals are among the most affected. The jaguar Panthera onca is one of the most threatened species in the Americas, being targeted by livestock producers who suffer economic losses as a result of predation. The way in which rural producers in countries such as Mexico conduct husbandry practices may influence levels of predation by jaguars. Our objective was to understand how such practices are conducted in the Selva Lacandona in south-eastern Mexico, to identify their influence on the vulnerability of livestock to predation by jaguars. We characterized local husbandry practices through participant observation, interviews and surveys. Our results show that the most important practices that make livestock vulnerable to predation include the location of grazing lands close to forested areas and water sources, the absence of practices for the proper disposal of carcasses, and poor control of calving and care of calves. Our recommendations include monitoring of livestock movements and synchronization of calving. Economic investment and behavioural change can be accomplished through capacity building and providing people with the means to monitor and manage their livestock. Small actions can reduce livestock losses and improve the economic circumstances of rural people, and thus increase their tolerance and respect towards jaguars.
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Robertson, J. A. D., M. Roodbol, M. D. Bowles, S. G. Dures, and J. M. Rowcliffe. "Environmental predictors of livestock predation: a lion's tale." Oryx 54, no. 5 (June 7, 2019): 648–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318001217.
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AbstractNegative interactions between people and large carnivores are common and will probably increase as the human population and livestock production continue to expand. Livestock predation by wild carnivores can significantly affect the livelihoods of farmers, resulting in retaliatory killings and subsequent conflicts between local communities and conservationists. A better understanding of livestock predation patterns could help guide measures to improve both human relationships and coexistence with carnivores. Environmental variables can influence the intensity of livestock predation, are relatively easy to monitor, and could potentially provide a useful predictive framework for targeting mitigation. We chose lion predation of livestock as a model to test whether variations in environmental conditions trigger changes in predation. Analysing 6 years of incident reports for Pandamatenga village in Botswana, an area of high human–lion conflict, we used generalized linear models to show that significantly more attacks coincided with lower moonlight levels and temperatures, and attack severity increased significantly with extreme minimum temperatures. Furthermore, we found a delayed effect of rainfall: lower rainfall was followed by a significantly increased severity of attacks in the following month. Our results suggest that preventative measures, such as introducing deterrents or changing livestock management, could be implemented adaptively based on environmental conditions. This could be a starting point for investigating similar effects in other large carnivores, to reduce livestock attacks and work towards wider human–wildlife coexistence.
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Muchlis, Dirwan, and Nurcholis. "Sustainable Livestock Development In The Border Of Merauke Region Based On Environment." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187303010.
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The purpose of this research is to provide information on sustainable livestock strategies with regard to the environment and social of Papua local communities in the process of cattle breeding process. In addition to increasing the productivity of local livestock, it is required the efficiency of the use of feed materials derived from agricultural waste. This policy should be supported with innovation and technology. Data collection method of this research using two types of data that is primary data and secondary data, primary data obtained from interviews of 30 breeders and the determination of respondents is conducted by way of purposive sampling. Secondary data were obtained from the Livestock Service Office of Merauke Regency, Department of Food Crops and Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The field survey results show that in addition to the field grass as the main feed, all breeders use agricultural waste as forage for livestock feed and use little palm oil waste. Types of agricultural waste used are rice straw, sweet potato straw, corn stalks and leaves, and groundnut straw. The highest agricultural waste production is corn stalk and leaves and banana waste both based on fresh produce and dry ingredients. In addition to the most common maintenance pattern is extensively and the best livestock development sites are in elikobel. Site selection based on various things such as location of topography, suboptimal land use, integration pattern optimization, developing local livestock such as poultry and pigs. The conclusion of this research is the strategy of development of sustainable livestock in border area can be conducted in elikobel district with various records such as the need of government policy related to environmentally careful livestock integration system, improving feed innovation and technology, livestock breeding, reproduction technology, and animal disease control to increase productivity and production of local livestock.
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Stojanović, Tamara, and Ljiljana Drinić. "Financial Position Analysis of Livestock Producers in the Republic of Srpska." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 20, no. 1 (September 9, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1901013s.
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Our research focuses on the most important indicators of the livestock producers' financial position calculated from the available financial statements. The analysis cover financial data of approximately 85 livestock producers and 315 agricultural companies for the six year period (2010-2015) and is based on the scientific and research methods such as: trend analysis, compilation and comparison, structural analysis, descriptive statistics, calculation of financial indicators and method of inference. The analysis results show that the financial position of livestock production companies in the Republic of Srpska is not acceptable. This means that the livestock industry does not meet the requirements of liquidity (current ratio and quick ratio are below the criteria and the industry average), level of indebtedness (high and above the industry average), interest coverage (negative in average) and solvency level (below the criteria and industry average). Such results indicate that the livestock industry has serious financial problems and needs both internal and systemic measures in order to become more efficient and therefore more profitable and financially sustainable.
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Daribaeva, E. B., B. Maidankyzy, and U. K. Kerimova. "Livestock sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan: realities and internal reserves." Problems of AgriMarket, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2021-2.2708-9991.19.
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The goal is to show the main directions of increasing the volume of livestock production in Kazakhstan aimed to ensure the country's food security. The article sets the following objectives to analyze the current state of the livestock industry; determine the factors hindering its development; to develop proposals for the introduction of scientific achievements into production. Resultsan analysis of the current state of agriculture is presented, in particular, the livestock sector (the share of the industry in the structure of gross output of agricultural sector, the presence of livestock, volume of livestock production, etc.). The article presents data characterizing the current state of animal husbandry and the reasons that impede economic growth: irrational distribution of livestock in the context of farm categories, low level of its productivity, lack of a feed market, ineffective use of the potential of natural pastures and hayfields, violation of technologies in the procurement of feed, low proportion of breeding stock animals in the total livestock, etc. The conducted studies allowed us to draw the appropriate conclusions – in order to increase the competitiveness of the livestock industry, it is necessary to develop a strategy for its development in the republic, which would allow small households to realize their comparative advantages on market so that the products obtained meet the requirements of food safety and quality from the growing number of urban buyers and consumers using imported goods. Agricultural science of Kazakhstan has sufficient potential for the implementation of an active innovation policy – an issue of particular importance for the country's economy.
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Figueroa, Daniela, Patricia Ortega-Fernández, Thalita F. Abbruzzini, Anaitzi Rivero-Villlar, Francisco Galindo, Bruno Chavez-Vergara, Jorge D. Etchevers, and Julio Campo. "Effects of Land Use Change from Natural Forest to Livestock on Soil C, N and P Dynamics along a Rainfall Gradient in Mexico." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 8656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208656.
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The effects of converting native forests to livestock systems on soil C, N and P contents across various climatic zones are not well understood for the tropical region. The goal of this study was to test how soil C, N and P dynamics are affected by the land-use change from natural forests to livestock production systems (extensive pasture and intensive silvopastoral systems) across a rainfall gradient of 1611–711 mm per year in the Mexican tropics. A total of 15 soil-based biogeochemical metrics were measured in samples collected during the dry and rainy seasons in livestock systems and mature forests for land-use and intersite comparisons of the nutrient status. Our results show that land-use change from natural forests to livestock production systems had a negative effect on soil C, N and P contents. In general, soil basal respiration and C-acquiring enzyme activities increased under livestock production systems. Additionally, reduction in mean annual rainfall affected moisture-sensitive biogeochemical processes affecting the C, N and P dynamics. Our findings imply that land-use changes alter soil C, N and P dynamics and contents, with potential negative consequences for the sustainability of livestock production systems in the tropical regions of Mexico investigated.
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Chen, Rui, and Ji Chen. "Spatial and temporal characteristics of carbon emissions from livestock farming in Yunnan province by state and city." E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 02052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127502052.
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The livestock industry is a pillar industry of the rural economy and an important industry of the national economy in Yunnan Province, so it is important to study the spatial and temporal characteristics of carbon emissions from the livestock industry in Yunnan Province for the development of a modern, lowcarbon and recycling livestock industry. This study draws on provincial greenhouse gas emission factors to calculate the carbon dioxide equivalents generated by enteric fermentation and manure management of cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry in each state and city of Yunnan Province. The results show that: (1) the total carbon emissions from the livestock sector in Yunnan Province decreased from 25, 643, 900 t in 2008 to 24, 758, 200 t in 2018, with an average annual carbon emission of 30, 534, 500 t and an average annual growth rate of The average annual growth rate was 0.35%, showing a characteristic of “rising first then falling”. (2) In terms of spatial and temporal evolution, the layout of the low and high livestock carbon emission areas in Yunnan is stable, while the medium and high livestock carbon emission areas fluctuate frequently and the spatial and temporal differences in carbon emissions are obvious. Finally, based on the conclusions, targeted countermeasure suggestions are put forward.
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Suarsana, I. N., I. M. Kardena, and I. P. G. Y. Arjentinia. "PELAYANAN KESEHATAN TERNAK DI WILAYAH DESA PENGOTAN, KECAMATAN BANGLI, KABUPATEN BANGLI." Buletin Udayana Mengabdi 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bum.2018.v17.i01.p04.
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Disease is an important factor in the production system and livestock productivity. Efforts to control thedisease can be done through the prevention of disease and or treatment of sick livestock. Health services ofcattle and pigs are carried out in Pengotan Village, Bangli District, Bangli Regency in the grant program ofKKN PPM. The purpose of this activity is to maintain and improve the health of bali cattle and pigs so thatthe productivity and production of livestock can be improved. Approach method used is by involvingmembers of Gapoktan Asta murti or individually who have livestock. Clinically cattle observed exteriorconditions and interviews with owners to find out the initial conditions of livestock health and subsequentmedicine action. The results of livestock health service activities show only 2 types of livestock are givenhealth services namely bali cattle and pigs. Overall health services to bali cattle as many as 303 heads and146 pigs. The service was carried out in 8 dusun in Pengotan village with details of dusun Besange 108,dusun Sunting 41, Dusun Penyebeh 39, Dusun Yoh 29, Dusun delod village 72 heads, Dusun dajan umah 43,and Dusun Tiying 117. Type of health services provided is the provision of vitamins, worm medicine andsparying of ectoparasit. It was concluded that cattle and pigs in Pengotan village are in good condition.Intervention with the provision of vitamins, worm medicines and ectoparasit drugs improves the performanceof bali cattle and pigs
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Shyian, Nataliia. "Mechanism of Subsidies as an Element of State Support of Livestock Sector’s Development in Ukraine." Rural Sustainability Research 40, no. 335 (December 1, 2018): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plua-2018-0007.
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Abstract The article presents results of the analysis of the cattle breeding industry’s development in Ukraine, the main trend of which was the decrease in the number of cattle, including the number of cows. A way to support livestock in the industry using the subsidy mechanism is suggested. This approach is aimed at increasing profitability of the cattle breeding industry output per 1 ha of fodder crops in the farm to profitability of barley production from 1 hectare in the area. The results of the proposed approach show that increasing milk profitability from 1 hectare of fodder crops to barley profitability from 1 hectare can be the basis for maintaining the livestock sector. The use of the livestock productivity factor (cow milk yield) in the proposed methodology makes farms more interested in increasing livestock productivity, which in turn increases the number of subsidies in the industry. In addition, an increase in fodder crops area in the farm has an ecological effect.
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Declaro-Ruedas, Mary Y. A., and Leoniel S. Bais. "Communication Modalities Used in the Delivery of Extension Programs to Small Scale Livestock Raisers in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 7, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.007.01.2786.
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This study was conducted to determine the communication modalities used in extension program offered to livestock raisers in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines. This study utilized the descriptive research method. The data were collected through questionnaire. All data was organized, classified, and interpreted using descriptive statistics. Results show that the small scale livestock raisers in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro were mostly male, middle aged, with low level of education and had been raising not more than five heads of livestock. Majority have a long experience of livestock production. Most of them rated the quality of support services provided to them as “good”. One-on-one method is the most common communication modality used by the extension workers, however, the preferred modality is the conduct of seminar/conferences. The problems encountered on the adoption of technologies were the financial constraint, lack of institutional support, and the mismatch of the message and the communication media used by the extension worker.
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HORAN, RICHARD D., JASON F. SHOGREN, and BENJAMIN M. GRAMIG. "Wildlife conservation payments to address habitat fragmentation and disease risks." Environment and Development Economics 13, no. 3 (June 2008): 415–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x08004269.
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ABSTRACTWe develop a bioeconomic model to gain insight into the challenges of Payments for Environmental Services (PES) as applied to protect endangered species given wildlife-livestock disease risks and habitat fragmentation. We show how greater connectivity of habitat creates an endogenous trade-off. More connectedness both (i) ups the chance that populations of endangered species will grow more rapidly, while (ii) simultaneously increasing the likelihood diseases will spread more quickly. We examine subsidies for habitat connectedness, livestock vaccination, and reduced movement of infected livestock. We find the cost-effective policy is to first subsidize habitat connectivity rather than vaccinations – this serves to increase habitat contiguousness. Once habitat is sufficiently connected, disease risks increase to a level to make disease-related subsidies worthwhile. Highly connected habitat requires nearly all the government budget be devoted to disease prevention and control. The result of the conservation payments is significantly increased wildlife abundance, increased livestock health and abundance, and increased development opportunities.
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Herd, Robert M., V. Hutton Oddy, and Steven Bray. "Baseline and greenhouse-gas emissions in extensive livestock enterprises, with a case study of feeding lipid to beef cattle." Animal Production Science 55, no. 2 (2015): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14222.
Full textAbstract:
For accurate calculation of reductions in greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions, methodologies under the Australian Government’s Carbon Farming Initiative (CFI) depend on a valid assessment of the baseline and project emissions. Life-cycle assessments (LCAs) clearly show that enteric methane emitted from the rumen of cattle and sheep is the major source of GHG emissions from livestock enterprises. Where a historic baseline for a CFI methodology for livestock is required, the use of simulated data for cow–calf enterprises at six sites in southern Australia demonstrated that a 5-year rolling emission average will provide an acceptable trade off in terms of accuracy and stability, but this is a much shorter time period than typically used for LCA. For many CFI livestock methodologies, comparative or pair-wise baselines are potentially more appropriate than historic baselines. A case study of lipid supplementation of beef cows over winter is presented. The case study of a control herd of 250 cows used a comparative baseline derived from simple data on livestock numbers and class of livestock to quantify the emission abatement. Compared with the control herd, lipid supplementation to cows over winter increased livestock productivity, total livestock production and enterprise GHG emissions from 990 t CO2-e to 1022 t CO2-e. Energy embodied in the supplement and extra diesel used in transporting the supplement diminished the enteric-methane abatement benefit of lipid supplementation. Reducing the cow herd to 238 cows maintained the level of livestock production of the control herd and reduced enterprise emissions to 938 t CO2-e, but was not cost effective under the assumptions of this case study.
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Yang, Zi Yi, Jing Gui Wu, Chuang Chen, and Na Na Feng. "Effects of Different Organic Materials on Contents and Morphologic Changes of Mn in Black Soil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 918–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.918.
Full textAbstract:
Three kinds of organic materials were used for culture experiment, namely livestock manures, natural organic materials and half decomposed organic materials. And the modified BCR sequential extraction procedure was used to analyze the morphologic changes of Mn. The study was focus on the effects of different kinds of organic materials on contents and morphologic changes of Mn in black soil. And the results show that different kinds of organic materials all increase the total Mn contents in soil. The amplifications of livestock manures and natural organic materials are higher then half decomposed organic materials. Comparing with fertilizers only, all kinds of organic materials increase the contents of each Mn fraction. For Weak acid soluble (Aci.) fraction of Mn, natural organic materials increase most, for Reducible (Red.) fraction, livestock manures increase most, for Oxidizable (Oxi.) fraction, all kinds of organic materials are nearly the same, and for Residual (Res.) fraction, livestock manures increase most. In addition, different kinds of organic materials also lead to morphologic transformation of Mn, comparing with fertilizers only, livestock manures lead to inert transformation, while natural organic materials lead to active transformation, and half decomposed organic materials lead to inert transformation.