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Journal articles on the topic 'Shrimps – South Africa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Coetzee, D. J. "Collections of freshwater shrimps along the southern coast of South Africa." South African Journal of Zoology 23, no. 1 (January 1988): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1988.11448078.

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2

Mensah, P. K., C. G. Palmer, and W. J. Muller. "Lipid peroxidation in the freshwater shrimp Caridina nilotica as a biomarker of Roundup® herbicide pollution of freshwater systems in South Africa." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 9 (May 1, 2012): 1660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.060.

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Glyphosate-based herbicides used to control weeds and invading alien plant species in South Africa ultimately end up in freshwater ecosystems, but no South African environmental water quality guideline exists to regulate these bio-active chemicals. Ecotoxicological tests to assess the possibility of using lipid peroxidation (LPx) in Caridina nilotica as a potential biomarker of Roundup®, a glyphosate-based herbicide, pollution were conducted. In two separate tests, 40 days post hatch shrimps were exposed to different concentrations of 4.3, 6.7, 10.5, 16.4, 25.6 and 40.0 mg/L in a 96 h acute toxicity test; and 2.2, 2.8, 3.4, 4.3 and 5.4 mg/L in a 21 d chronic toxicity test, using static-non renewal and static-renewal methods, respectively. Shrimp whole body LPx was estimated by thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) assay, performed by a malondialdehyde (MDA) reaction with 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) measured spectrophotometrically. Final MDA concentrations were expressed as nmol MDA produced/mg protein. Results showed that LPx was significantly lower in control animals than in animals exposed to different Roundup® concentrations, (p < 0.05). The present work provides an ecotoxicological basis for the possible use of LPx in Caridina nilotica as a biomarker for monitoring Roundup® pollution in freshwater ecosystems.

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3

Ahyong, Shane T. "Coral reef mantis shrimps from the vicinity of Sodwana Bay, South Africa (Crustacea: Stomatopoda)." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 118, no. 1 (April 2005): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2988/0006-324x(2005)118[158:crmsft]2.0.co;2.

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4

Coetzee, D. J. "South-western extension of the known range of two freshwater shrimps,Caridina nilotica(Roux) andMacrobrachium petersi(Hilgendorf), in South Africa." South African Journal of Zoology 21, no. 1 (January 1986): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1986.11447967.

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5

Mensah, P. K., W. J. Muller, and C. G. Palmer. "Acetylcholinesterase activity in the freshwater shrimp Caridina nilotica as a biomarker of Roundup® herbicide pollution of freshwater systems in South Africa." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.206.

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The use of Caridina nilotica whole-body acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity as a potential biomarker of Roundup® pollution of aquatic ecosystems was investigated. Forty days post hatch (dph) shrimps were exposed to different concentrations of 0.0, 4.3, 6.7, 10.5, 16.4, 25.6 and 40.0 mg/L in a 96 h acute toxicity test; and 0.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.4, 4.3 and 5.4 mg/L in a 21 d chronic toxicity test. Whole-body AChE activities were determined at the end of the exposure periods by spectrophotometric assay of sample extract; activities were then normalized against protein contents in the samples and expressed in nanomoles of substrate hydrolyzed. Results of both tests showed that AChE activity was concentration-dependent. Mean AChE activities and standard deviations (±SD) for 96 h acute toxicity were 3.6239 (± 0.4185), 3.4157 (± 1.1842), 2.537 (± 1.3989), 2.4253 (± 1.4202), 2.4127 (± 1.9097), 2.0017 (± 1.1080) and 2.316 (± 0.4001) nmol/min/mg protein; while activity levels for 21 d test were 3.6907(± 0.3401), 2.8473 (± 0.713), 2.9134 (± 0.9879), 2.6738 (± 0.7117), 2.3019 (± 0.4464) and 2.1478 (± 0.864) nmol/min/mg protein. Reference basal AChE activity for 40 dph C. nilotica based on the two control groups was estimated as 3.6907 (± 0.3401) nmol/min/mg proteins. The present work provides ecotoxicological basis for the possible use of AChE activity in C. nilotica as a biomarker for monitoring Roundup® pollution in freshwater systems.

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6

Poynor, Robin. "The Many and Changing Faces of Ògún." Nova Religio 16, no. 1 (August 1, 2012): 13–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2012.16.1.13.

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Ògún, the Yorùbá god of iron, is venerated throughout the Atlantic world. While many African-based religions coexist in Florida, the shrines discussed here were developed by individuals connected with Oyotunji Village in South Carolina. South Florida's urban shrines differ remarkably from north central Florida's rural shrines. I suggest several factors determine this variation: changing characteristics of Ògún, differing circumstances of the shrines' creators, the environment in which the owners work, and whether the setting is urban or rural. Urban shrines reflect religious competition where many manifestations of òrìṣà worship coexist but are not in agreement. In these shrines, Ògún is vengeful protector. The urban shrines tend to be visually strident, filled with jagged forms of protective weapons. In rural north central Florida, Ògún is clearer of the way, a builder, and reflects the personalities of those who venerate him. These shrines are less harsh and are filled with tools.

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7

ROGERS, D. CHRISTOPHER, MURPHY TLADI, RYAN J. WASSERMAN, and ELIZABETH MEYER-MILNE. "Review of the southern African Leptestheriidae (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata) I: redescription of Leptestheria brevirostris Barnard, 1924 with comments on diagnostic characters." Zootaxa 4974, no. 2 (May 20, 2021): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.2.2.

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We present the first records of Leptestheria brevirostris since its discovery in Namibia by Barnard in 1924. Our records come from Botswana and South Africa, and present significant range extensions. We redescribe L. brevirostris according to modern standards and present the first description of the male. We also discovered that L. brevirostris is likely a rock pool specialist, specific to sandstone and gneiss outcrops; this is the first record of a rock pool specialist clam shrimp from Africa and the second rock pool specialist described for Leptestheriidae. Finally, we depict and discuss the validity and usefulness of diagnostic characters for Leptestheria species in southern Africa, especially the usefulness of carapace interval ornamentation.

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8

Green, Nile. "Islam for the indentured Indian: a Muslim missionary in colonial South Africa." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 71, no. 3 (October 2008): 529–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x08000876.

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AbstractTracing the migration of Muslims from India to South Africa's Natal colony in the late nineteenth century, the article focuses on the missionary activities of Ghulām Muhammad “Sūfī Sāhib” (d. 1329/1911). Placing Ghulām Muhammad in a new religious marketplace of competing religions, and versions thereof, the article examines the strategies through which he successfully established his form of Islam among Natal's indentured and merchant Muslim classes and used the fabric of religion to bind together a distinctly “Muslim” community from the heterogeneous individuals and groups brought from India by commerce and the plantation economy. As a founder of shrines no less than madrasas, Ghulām Muhammad demonstrated the ways in which a customary Islam of holy men, festivities and hagiographies flourished and responded to the demands and opportunities of modernity. Building on the popular appeal of customary piety, Ghulām Muhammad consolidated his success by providing a range of social services (education, healthcare, burial) for the Indian poor of Natal, to create an effective public platform for the norms of Sharia in South Africa.

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9

Tsoi, K. H., K. Y. Ma, T. H. Wu, S. T. Fennessy, K. H. Chu, and T. Y. Chan. "Verification of the cryptic species Penaeus pulchricaudatus in the commercially important kuruma shrimp P. japonicus (Decapoda : Penaeidae) using molecular taxonomy." Invertebrate Systematics 28, no. 5 (2014): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is14001.

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The kuruma shrimp Penaeus japonicus Bate, 1888 (Decapoda : Penaeidae) is economically important in the global shrimp market. It was regarded as the only species in the subgenus Marsupenaeus. However, our previous molecular analyses revealed two cryptic species (Forms I and II) in this species complex. In this study, we confirm the phylogenetic relatedness between the two cryptic species; revise their taxonomic status; and review their range distribution. The name Penaeus pulchricaudatus Stebbing, 1914 (with type-locality off the eastern coast of South Africa), previously considered as a junior synonym of P. japonicus, is fixed for Form II through a neotype selection. P. japonicus (Form I) is only confined to the East China Sea (including Japan, its type-locality) and the northern South China Sea. P. pulchricaudatus is widely distributed in the South China Sea, Australia, the Red Sea, the Mediterranean, and the western Indian Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis shows that P. japonicus is genetically homogeneous yet P. pulchricaudatus exhibits a strong phylogeographical structure. The Mediterranean stock of P. pulchricaudatus originated from the Red Sea population, supporting the Lessepsian migration hypothesis. The presence of two closely related cryptic species in the P. japonicus species complex provides important insights into fishery management and aquaculture development.

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10

Da Silva, L. C., P. G. Gresse, R. Scheepers, N. J. McNaughton, L. A. Hartmann, and I. Fletcher. "UPb SHRIMP and SmNd age constraints on the timing and sources of the Pan-African Cape Granite Suite, South Africa." Journal of African Earth Sciences 30, no. 4 (May 2000): 795–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(00)00053-1.

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11

Unuofin, Jeremiah Oshiomame, Gloria Aderonke Otunola, and Anthony Jide Afolayan. "Toxicity Evaluation of Vernonia mespilifolia Less (A South Africa Medicinal Plant) Using Brine Shrimp." Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 12, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jpt.2017.103.110.

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12

KOMAI, TOMOYUKI, and YOSHIHIRO FUJIWARA. "Description of a new species of the hippolytid shrimp genus Eualus Thallwitz, 1892 from Japan, and clarification of the status of E. kikuchii Miyake & Hayashi, 1967 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea)." Zootaxa 3546, no. 1 (November 12, 2012): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3546.1.5.

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This study reports on two species of the hippolytid shrimp genus Eualus Thallwitz, 1892 from Japan. The first, Eualusctenomerus n. sp., is described on the basis of six specimens from off southern Kyushu. The new species appears closestto E. cteniferus (Barnard, 1950) from South Africa, E. drachi Noël, 1978 from the Mediterranean, E. lebourae Holthuis,1951 from the eastern Atlantic, and E. pectiniformis Hanamura, 2008 from southeastern Australia. The second is referredto E. kikuchii Miyake & Hayashi, 1967, which has been considered to be synonymous with E. bulychevae Kobjakova,1955, described from the South Kuril Islands, Far East Russia. Eualus kikuchii is redescribed as a valid species on thebasis of the holotype and additional specimens from various Japanese localities. Both species occurred in the whale-fall ecosystems located off Cape Nomamisaki, Kyushu, Kagoshima Prefecture.

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13

Khumalo, Gugulethu P., Nicholas J. Sadgrove, Sandy F. Van Vuuren, and Ben-Erik Van Wyk. "South Africa’s Best BARK Medicines Prescribed at the Johannesburg Muthi Markets for Skin, Gut, and Lung Infections: MIC’s and Brine Shrimp Lethality." Antibiotics 10, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10060681.

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Indigenous trade of medicinal plants in South Africa is a multi-million-rand industry and is still highly relevant in terms of primary health care. The purpose of this study was to identify today’s most traded medicinal barks, traditionally and contemporaneously used for dermatological, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tract infections; then, to investigate the antimicrobial activity and toxicity of the respective extracts and interpret outcomes in light of pharmacokinetics. Thirty-one popularly traded medicinal barks were purchased from the Faraday and Kwa Mai-Mai markets in Johannesburg, South Africa. Information on the medicinal uses of bark-based medicines in modern commerce was recorded from randomly selected traders. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method was used for antimicrobial screening, and brine shrimp lethality was used to determine toxicity. New medicinal uses were recorded for 14 bark species. Plants demonstrating some broad-spectrum activities against tested bacteria include Elaeodendron transvaalense, Erythrina lysistemon, Garcinia livingstonei, Pterocelastrus rostratus, Rapanea melanophloeos, Schotia brachypetala, Sclerocarya birrea, and Ziziphus mucronata. The lowest MIC value of 0.004 mg/mL was observed against Staphylococcus epidermidis for a dichloromethane bark extract of E. lysistemon. The tested medicinal barks were shown to be non-toxic against the Artemia nauplii (brine shrimp) bioassay, except for a methanol extract from Trichilia emetica (69.52% mortality). Bacterial inhibition of bark extracts with minimal associated toxicity is consistent with the safety and valuable use of medicinal barks for local muthi market customers. Antimicrobial outcomes against skin and gastrointestinal pathogens are feasible because mere contact-inhibition is required in vivo; however, MIC values against respiratory pathogens require further explaining from a pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics perspective, particularly for ingested rather than smoked therapies.

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14

Gabriel, Garang Kuol. "Christ’s Seer Office in the South Sudanese Context." Jumuga Journal of Education, Oral Studies, and Human Sciences (JJEOSHS) 4, no. 1 (September 20, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35544/jjeoshs.v4i1.38.

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Christ's Seer Office (CSO) has a hotchpotch of controversies encompassing it. Among these polemical trajectories that obtains in these controversies is the African’s prophetic office. This is certainly due to the close parallelism that CSO matches the prophetic office of Christ. In the South Sudanese context, some African communities view Christ as a magician, medicine practitioner, or a traditional healer. This misconception should not be taken lightly. It needs a deeper introspection from the African Christian theologians, as the concerned communities may abandon the church and revert to their ancestral shrines for worship. The Nuer in South Sudan has embraced prophet Ngundeng as their Christ just because of some similarities that exist between Christ’s Seer Office and Ngundeng. This article fully reconnoitered the two prophetic offices by comparing them by using the principle of Nexus mysteriorum and Analogia entis to enhance the Nuer understanding of Christ. In its findings, this article reveals Christ as a prophet; the whom all the Old Testament prophets prefigured in their speeches and actions. Moreover, the study concluded that Jesus is Nuer’s Ngundeng par excellence.

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15

Dorland, H. C. "Precise SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age constraints on the lower Waterberg and Soutpansberg Groups, South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 109, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2006): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.109.1-2.139.

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16

Rigby, M. J., and R. A. Armstrong. "SHRIMP dating of titanite from metasyenites in the Central Zone of the Limpopo Belt, South Africa." Journal of African Earth Sciences 59, no. 1 (January 2011): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2010.07.004.

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17

KOLODNER, K., D. AVIGAD, M. McWILLIAMS, J. L. WOODEN, T. WEISSBROD, and S. FEINSTEIN. "Provenance of north Gondwana Cambrian–Ordovician sandstone: U–Pb SHRIMP dating of detrital zircons from Israel and Jordan." Geological Magazine 143, no. 3 (March 31, 2006): 367–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756805001640.

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A vast sequence of quartz-rich sandstone was deposited over North Africa and Arabia during Early Palaeozoic times, in the aftermath of Neoproterozoic Pan-African orogeny and the amalgamation of Gondwana. This rock sequence forms a relatively thin sheet (1–3 km thick) that was transported over a very gentle slope and deposited over a huge area. The sense of transport indicates unroofing of Gondwana terranes but the exact provenance of the siliciclastic deposit remains unclear. Detrital zircons from Cambrian arkoses that immediately overlie the Neoproterozoic Arabian–Nubian Shield in Israel and Jordan yielded Neoproterozoic U–Pb ages (900–530 Ma), suggesting derivation from a proximal source such as the Arabian–Nubian Shield. A minor fraction of earliest Neoproterozoic and older age zircons was also detected. Upward in the section, the proportion of old zircons increases and reaches a maximum (40%) in the Ordovician strata of Jordan. The major earliest Neoproterozoic and older age groups detected are 0.95–1.1, 1.8–1.9 and 2.65–2.7 Ga, among which the 0.95–1.1 Ga group is ubiquitous and makes up as much as 27% in the Ordovician of Jordan, indicating it is a prominent component of the detrital zircon age spectra of northeast Gondwana. The pattern of zircon ages obtained in the present work reflects progressive blanketing of the northern Arabian–Nubian Shield by Cambrian–Ordovician sediments and an increasing contribution from a more distal source, possibly south of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. The significant changes in the zircon age signal reflect many hundreds of kilometres of southward migration of the provenance.

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18

GRAVE, SAMMY DE, CHARAMBILLY PURUSHOTHAMAN ARJUN, and RAJEEV RAGHAVAN. "The discovery of Euryrhynchidae (Crustacea: Decapoda) in India, with the description of a new genus and species." Zootaxa 4462, no. 3 (August 28, 2018): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.4.

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A new genus and species of Euryrhynchidae is described from Kerala, India. This freshwater shrimp family was previously only known from northern South America and West Africa. Although the inclusion of the genus in Euryrhynchidae is unequivocal (e.g. shape of the accessory ramus of the antennular flagellum, frontal margin of the carapace, telson ornamentation), the presence of a number of unique characters makes the relative placement of the genus within the family unclear, but likely basal to the other genera. The new genus can be easily distinguished from all others within the family by these characters, e.g. the upper antennular flagellum and its accessory ramus being joined over three divisions, the presence of a reduced carpo-propodal brush and a well-developed branchiostegal groove.

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19

Soobramoney, S., G. K. Campbell, C. T. Downs, and N. J. Adams. "Genetic variability of South African fiscal shrikes (Lanius collaris) across an altitudinal gradient." African Zoology 40, no. 2 (October 2005): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2005.11407318.

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20

Gillette, Shana. "Identifying the public health benefits of livestock-dependent, agro-ecosystems under climate change." Animal Health Research Reviews 14, no. 2 (November 1, 2013): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252313000157.

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AbstractAs the demand for meat continues to grow in South Asia and Africa and access to communal sources of water and forage shrinks, intensification of small-scale livestock systems in peri-urban areas is expected to expand. In South East Asia, smallholder transition to livestock intensification has been transformative, increasing economic opportunities while also introducing new disease risks. While we have an understanding of the emerging disease burden from livestock intensification; we have just begun to understand the possible public health benefits of sustainable landscapes and the potential health savings accrued from disease avoidance. To date, few studies have attempted to quantify the health benefits attributable to sustainable agro-ecosystems, especially in regard to livestock systems. In this paper, I will examine what is needed to measure and communicate the public health benefits and cost-savings (from disease avoidance) of sustainable agro-ecosystems.

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21

Yeffet, Dina, Amira Rudi, Sharon Ketzinel, Yehuda Benayahu, and Yoel Kashman. "Auroside, a Xylosyl-sterol, and Patusterol A and B, two Hydroxylated Sterols, from two Soft Corals Eleutherobia aurea and Lobophytum patulum." Natural Product Communications 5, no. 2 (February 2010): 1934578X1000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1000500207.

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A new sterol glycoside, auroside (1) and two new hydroxylated sterols, patusterol A and B (2, 3) have been isolated from the South African soft coral Eleutherobia aurea and from the Kenyan soft coral Lobophytum patulum. The structure elucidation was achieved from extensive 1D- and 2D- NMR and MS data, and in the case of auroside also by chemical reactions. In addition, from Lobophytum patulum, was also isolated a known nitrogen containing compound (Z)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-methyldodec-2-enamide, and from Eleutherobia aurea several, earlier reported, diterpenoids. Compound 2 was found to be toxic to brine shrimp embryos with an LC50 value of 2.30 μM.

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22

Kensley, Brian. "Pelagic shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda) from shelf and oceanic waters in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean off South Africa." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 119, no. 3 (October 2006): 384–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2988/0006-324x(2006)119[384:pscdfs]2.0.co;2.

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23

RILEY, T. R., I. L. MILLAR, M. K. WATKEYS, M. L. CURTIS, P. T. LEAT, M. B. KLAUSEN, and C. M. FANNING. "U–Pb zircon (SHRIMP) ages for the Lebombo rhyolites, South Africa: refining the duration of Karoo volcanism." Journal of the Geological Society 161, no. 4 (July 2004): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-764903-181.

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24

England, Gavin L., Birger Rasmussen, Neal J. McNaughton, Ian R. Fletcher, David I. Groves, and Bryan Krapez. "SHRIMP U-Pb ages of diagenetic and hydrothermal xenotime from the Archaean Witwatersrand Supergroup of South Africa." Terra Nova 13, no. 5 (February 11, 2002): 360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2001.00363.x.

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ANKER, ARTHUR, and SHANE T. AHYONG. "Description of two species in the alpheid shrimp genus Athanas Leach, 1814, with remarks on A. amazone Holthuis, 1951 (Decapoda, Caridea)." Zootaxa 1563, no. 1 (August 29, 2007): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1563.1.2.

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Two new species of the alpheid genus Athanas Leach, 1814 are described and illustrated. Athanas sydneyensis n. sp., is described on the basis of several specimens collected near Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. This species is closely related to the polymorphic A. phyllocheles Banner & Banner, 1983 known only from La Réunion in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Athanas ivoiriensis n. sp., is described on the basis of a single specimen collected off Ivory Coast, West Africa. This species appears to be most closely related to A. amazone Holthuis, 1951 from the tropical eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. The morphological variability of A. amazone and A. phyllocheles, including polymorphism of the chelipeds, are discussed.

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26

Otang, M. "Assessment of potential toxicity of three South African medicinal plants using the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) assay." African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 7, no. 20 (May 29, 2013): 1272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpp12.264.

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Kibirige, I., R. Perissinotto, and C. Nozais. "Grazing rates and feeding preferences of the mysid shrimp Gastrosaccus brevifissura in a temporarily open estuary in South Africa." Marine Ecology Progress Series 251 (2003): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps251201.

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Marafon-Almeida, André, Juliano Bicalho Pereira, and Luiz Fernando Loureiro Fernandes. "Distribution of the species of Lucifer Thompson, 1829 in the subtropical South Atlantic between parallels 20º and 30ºs." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 64, no. 3 (September 2016): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592016099006403.

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Abstract The distribution of the species of Lucifer Thompson, 1829 (Decapoda: Luciferidae) in the South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre was assessed by the Brazil Transatlantic Commission in November and December 2009. The samples were collected at 83 stations on two profiles between Brazil and Africa (20 º and 30 ºS). Oblique hauls were performed with a WP-2 net up to 150 meters deep. A distinct sexual relationship was noted between the two species found and L. faxoni presented a significantly higher number of females relative to males 1:0.5 (X2 = 21.77, p = 0.0001). The L. typus sex ratio had significantly more males than females 1.86:1 (X2=50.84, p = 0.0001). The distribution of L. typus occurred in both the western and the eastern portions of the Mid-Oceanic Ridge. This distribution was significantly related to salinity (R2 = 0:13; F = 3.79, p = 0.009), which was higher in the western portion of the study area. In addition, the recordings of the two species were extended to the Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. Overall, Luciferidae shrimp were more common and abundant at the stations west of the Mid-Oceanic Ridge and L. typus was the most frequent and abundant species.

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EGLINGTON, B. M., R. J. THOMAS, and R. A. ARMSTRONG. "U-PB SHRIMP ZIRCON DATING OF MESOPROTEROZOIC MAGMATIC ROCKS FROM THE SCOTTBURGH AREA, CENTRAL MZUMBE TERRANE, KWAZULU-NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA." South African Journal of Geology 113, no. 2 (September 1, 2010): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.113.2.229.

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30

Kibiti, Cromwell Mwiti, and Anthony Jide Afolayan. "Antifungal activity and brine shrimp toxicity assessment of Bulbine abyssinica used in the folk medicine in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 11, no. 2 (April 14, 2016): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v11i2.24405.

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<p class="Abstract"><em>Bulbine abyssinica</em> is widely used in folk medicine in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and toxicity potentials of essential oil, acetone and aqueous extracts of this species using standard procedures and brine shrimp test, respectively. The results showed that the species was active against the growth of <em>Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum</em> and<em> Trichophyton rubrum</em> among the evaluated opportunistic fungi. The toxicity results showed that the lowest cysts hatching success was observed with the essential oil, then acetone extract, with aqueous extract exhibiting the highest hatching success. Based on the criterion of toxicity indices of the lethality test, all the plant fractions exhibited LD<sub>50</sub> values greater than 1 mg/mL hence are non-toxic. These findings indicate that <em>B. abyssinica</em> is a good source of antifungal agents.</p><p> </p>

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Cocherie, Alain, Thierry Baudin, Albert Autran, Catherine Guerrot, C. Mark Fanning, and Bernard Laumonier. "U-Pb zircon (ID-TIMS and SHRIMP) evidence for the early ordovician intrusion of metagranites in the late Proterozoic Canaveilles Group of the Pyrenees and the Montagne Noire (France)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 176, no. 3 (May 1, 2005): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/176.3.269.

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Abstract Depending on the quality of the zircon grains available for analysis, two methods may be used to date igneous rock emplacement, namely U-Pb TIMS with isotope dilution or in situ U-Pb SIMS (SHRIMP). Both methods have been used to determine, in a precise and accurate manner, the emplacement age of the granitic protolith of the various orthogneisses in the Pyrenean Axial Zone. More specifically, four representative samples of G1, G2 and a “transition gneiss” yielded reliable datings with an average age of 473 ± 4 Ma for each sample. The surrounding sediments of the Canaveilles Group were constrained by zircon grains from interlayered metarhyodacite and dated at 581 ± 10 Ma using the SHRIMP method, clearly giving this group a late Proterozoic (Vendian) age. Finally, the Somail orthogneiss of the Montagne Noire, equivalent to that of the Canigou, yielded an age of 471 ± 4 Ma with the in situ U-Pb method, which is identical to the dating of the Pyrenean samples. In addition, most of the studied orthogneisses recorded a wide range of significant concordant inherited ages spanning from early Archaean (3.5 Ga) to Pan-African/Cadomian (600–800 Ma). Bearing in mind the calc-alkaline affinity of the studied rocks, this work demonstrates the huge contrast between the active Gondwana margin in the north (“South European terrane”) and the remarkably homogeneous continental plate that existed from Arabia to Morocco during the Ordovician.

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Sainz-Escudero, Lucía, E. Karen López-Estrada, Paula Carolina Rodríguez-Flores, and Mario García-París. "Settling taxonomic and nomenclatural problems in brine shrimps, Artemia (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca), by integrating mitogenomics, marker discordances and nomenclature rules." PeerJ 9 (March 10, 2021): e10865. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10865.

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High morphological plasticity in populations of brine shrimp subjected to different environmental conditions, mainly salinity, hindered for centuries the identification of the taxonomic entities encompassed within Artemia. In addition, the mismatch between molecular and morphological evolution rates complicates the characterization of evolutionary lineages, generating taxonomic problems. Here, we propose a phylogenetic hypothesis for Artemia based on two new complete mitogenomes, and determine levels of congruence in the definition of evolutionary units using nuclear and mtDNA data. We used a fossil of Artemia to calibrate the molecular clock and discuss divergence times within the genus. The hypothesis proposed herein suggests a more recent time frame for lineage splitting than previously considered. Phylogeographic analyses were performed using GenBank available mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Evidence of gen e flow, identified through discordances between nuclear and mtDNA markers, was used to reconsider the specific status of some taxa. As a result, we consider Artemia to be represented by five evolutionary units: Southern Cone, Mediterranean—South African, New World, Western Asian, and Eastern Asian Lineages. After an exhaustive bibliographical revision, unavailable names for nomenclatural purposes were discarded. The remaining available names have been assigned to their respective evolutionary lineage. The proper names for the evolutionary units in which brine shrimps are structured remain as follows: Artemia persimilis Piccinelli & Prosdocimi, 1968 for the Southern Cone Lineage, Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758) for the Mediterranean-SouthAfrican Lineage, Artemia urmiana Günther, 1899 for the Western Asian Lineage, and Artemia sinica Cai, 1989 for the Eastern Asian Lineage. The name Artemia monica Verrill, 1869 has nomenclatural priority over A. franciscana Kellogg, 1906 for naming the New World Lineage. New synonymies are proposed for A. salina (= C. dybowskii Grochowski, 1896 n. syn., and A. tunisiana Bowen & Sterling, 1978 n. syn.), A. monica (= A. franciscana Kellogg, 1906 n. syn., and A. salina var. pacifica Sars, 1904 n. syn.); A. urmiana (= B. milhausenii Fischer de Waldheim, 1834 n. syn., A. koeppeniana Fischer, 1851 n. syn., A. proxima King, 1855 n. syn., A. s. var. biloba Entz, 1886 n. syn., A. s. var. furcata Entz, 1886 n. syn., A. asiatica Walter, 1887 n. syn., A. parthenogenetica Bowen & Sterling, 1978 n. syn., A. ebinurica Qian & Wang, 1992 n. syn., A. murae Naganawa, 2017 n. syn., and A. frameshifta Naganawa & Mura, 2017 n. syn.). Internal deep nuclear structuring within the A. monica and A. salina clades, might suggest the existence of additional evolutionary units within these taxa.

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Mensah, P. K., W. J. Muller, and C. G. Palmer. "Using growth measures in the freshwater shrimp Caridina nilotica as biomarkers of Roundup® pollution of South African freshwater systems." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 50-52 (2012): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2012.08.003.

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Gan, Han Ming, Ryan John Wasserman, Tatenda Dalu, and D. Christopher Rogers. "The complete mitogenome of a South African cryptic species of tadpole shrimp within the Triops granarius (Lucas, 1864) species group." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 455–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1547145.

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Mario, Muhammad Indra. "UPAYA PENINGKATAN EKSPOR NON MIGAS JAWA TIMUR PERIODE 2010-2011." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 21, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/jeb.v21i1.1635.

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This study aims to determine the measures that can be done to increase non-oil exports of East Java 2010-2011 period, either through the creation of a variety of export products and expand export destinations, particularly to the Middle East and Africa. Some non-oil export commodities is a mainstay of East Java is copper, organic chemicals, paper / carbon, plywood, shrimp, textiles, footwear, coffee, paper, and tobacco. Non-oil export development strategy of East Java is based on the SWOT analysis, which is preparing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The existence of the Tanjung Perak Surabaya and Sidoarjo Juanda Airport is the main force to boost exports, as well as the export share has exceeded 200 export destinations with 3000 items. Further basic weaknesses which are not memilii ISO and eco labeling, as well as the human resources that are less qualifid. Non-oil exports to the East Java there are still considerable opportunities for increased, including exhibitions abroad funded the Central Government and the Provincial Government of East Java, including education and training activities and free export periodically organized by the Department of Industry and Trade East Java Province. Threats faced by exporters in East Java is the competition in the international market is getting tougher and other rules are getting heavier. Based on the SWOT analysis, the strategy can be used to improve the non-oil export in East Java is to optimize the market potential that exists in other provinces, such as the province of South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara, West Nusa Tenggara, and South Sumatra. Furthermore, actively pursue international exhibitions, both in Jakarta, as well as other countries. Another strategy is to create efficienc, effectiveness, and productivity in the production process in order to compete in the international market.

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MAPEO, R. B. M., R. A. ARMSTRONG, and A. B. KAMPUNZU. "SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology of gneisses from the Gweta borehole, northeast Botswana: implications for the Palaeoproterozoic Magondi Belt in southern Africa." Geological Magazine 138, no. 3 (May 2001): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680100526x.

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This paper presents new U–Pb zircon analyses from garnet–sillimanite paragneisses from the Gweta borehole in northeast Botswana. Concordant to near-concordant analyses of zircon from these rocks reveal a billion year history from 3015 ± 21 Ma for the oldest detrital grain measured, to the age of high-grade metamorphism, 2027 ± 8 Ma. The maximum age of sedimentation in the Magondi belt is constrained by the age of the youngest concordant detrital zircon at 2125 ± 6 Ma. This contrasts with the age of sedimentation in the Central Zone of the Limpopo belt which is Archaean. The comparison of our results with U–Pb zircon data from the Magondi belt in Zimbabwe suggests that the granulite-facies metamorphism in this belt extended between c. 2027–1960 Ma. Granulite-facies rocks with U–Pb zircon ages in this interval are also known in the Ubendian belt and lend support to the correlation of these two segments of Palaeoproterozoic belts in southern and central–eastern Africa. The granulite facies metamorphism in the Magondi belt is coeval with the high-grade metamorphism and granitoids documented further south in the Central Zone of the Limpopo Belt.

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Poujol, M., A. J. Hirner, R. A. Armstrong, and C. R. Anhaeusser. "U-Pb SHRIMP data for the Madibe greenstone belt: implications for crustal growth on the western margin of the Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 111, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.111.1.67.

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Erickson, Timmons M., Aaron J. Cavosie, Desmond E. Moser, Ivan R. Barker, Henri A. Radovan, and Joe Wooden. "Identification and provenance determination of distally transported, Vredefort-derived shocked minerals in the Vaal River, South Africa using SEM and SHRIMP-RG techniques." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 107 (April 2013): 170–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.12.008.

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Lentz, Carola, and Hans-Jürgen Sturm. "Of Trees and Earth Shrines: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Settlement Histories in the West African Savanna." History in Africa 28 (2001): 139–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172212.

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For a vegetation geographer and an anthropologist to come together to write on the settlement histories of segmentary societies in the West African savanna is unusual or at least rare. A few words on the origin of this cooperation therefore seem appropriate. For over ten years, in the context of an interdisciplinary research program at the Universität Frankfurt am Main, archeologists, anthropologists, linguists, botanists and geographers have been working together on the history of cultures, languages, and natural environment of the West African savanna, especially the interaction between human activity and the natural environment. That one should actually be speaking in many cases of a culturally mediated “landscape” rather than a “natural environment” is one of the outcomes of the research projects, which have focused mainly on different regions of Burkina Faso (in the sahel and Sudanese zone) and the Lake Chad area of northeast Nigeria.The present paper has emerged from a botanical and an anthropological-historical project on the history of vegetation and of settlement in south and southwest Burkina Faso. This history has been shaped by the great expansion of the Dagara-speaking population. In the last two hundred years (possibly longer), small groups of Dagara patrilineages, related and allied to one another, have migrated north and northwest, probably from the region around Wa in present-day Ghana, and have founded numerous new settlements—a process of land appropriation that is still going on today, though with changed circumstances regarding land rights (see map 1).

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Wood, Louisa E., Sammy De Grave, and Savel R. Daniels. "Phylogeographic patterning among two codistributed shrimp species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) reveals high levels of connectivity across biogeographic regions along the South African coast." PLOS ONE 12, no. 3 (March 10, 2017): e0173356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173356.

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Pickard, A. "SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages for the Palaeoproterozoic Kuruman Iron Formation, Northern Cape Province, South Africa: evidence for simultaneous BIF deposition on Kaapvaal and Pilbara Cratons." Precambrian Research 125, no. 3-4 (August 25, 2003): 275–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-9268(03)00113-x.

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Rasmussen, Birger, Ian R. Fletcher, Janet R. Muhling, Andreas G. Mueller, and Greg C. Hall. "Bushveld-aged fluid flow, peak metamorphism, and gold mobilization in the Witwatersrand basin, South Africa: Constraints from in situ SHRIMP U-Pb dating of monazite and xenotime." Geology 35, no. 10 (2007): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g23588a.1.

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Graham, I. T., S. A. De Waal, and R. A. Armstrong. "New U–Pb SHRIMP zircon age for the Schurwedraai alkali granite: Implications for pre-impact development of the Vredefort Dome and extent of Bushveld magmatism, South Africa." Journal of African Earth Sciences 43, no. 5 (December 2005): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.09.009.

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Davie Rexon, Kamadyaapa, Gondwe Mavuto Masopera, Shauli Mathulo, Sewani Rusike Constance, and Nkeh Chungag Benedicta. "EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF ERYTHRINA ABBYSINICA LAM, EX DC." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 8 (August 7, 2018): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i8.24207.

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Objective: This study was conducted to scientifically evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Erythrina abbysinica (EEA).Methods: Acute and sub-chronic effects of EEA at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bwt and glibenclamide (GL) at 5 mg/kg/bwt. were evaluated in both normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male Wistar rats (250–300 g). The acute studies were performed using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In sub-chronic studies, animals were orally administered with EEA and GL daily for 6 w. Brine shrimp assay was used to determine the toxicity of EEA. 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing capacity of plasma, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assays were used to determine antioxidant properties of EEA.Results: Following OGTT, EEA significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bwt) decreased blood glucose levels in both normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared with positive and negative control counterparts at all-time points, whereas GL significantly (p<0.05) decreased blood glucose only in normal rats but not in diabetic rats. Daily, oral administration of EEA for 6 w significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bwt) decreased blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared with the diabetic control group. EEA revealed weak toxicity with a lethal concentration50 value of 997 μg/ml). Furthermore, EEA showed significant free radical scavenging, total antioxidant, and anti-lipid peroxidative capacities.Conclusion: The study has shed more light on the scientific basis for the use of E. abbysinica in management of diabetes in some communities of Eastern Cape of South Africa.

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Buick, Ian S., Jörg Hermann, Ian S. Williams, Roger L. Gibson, and Daniela Rubatto. "A SHRIMP U–Pb and LA-ICP-MS trace element study of the petrogenesis of garnet–cordierite–orthoamphibole gneisses from the Central Zone of the Limpopo Belt, South Africa." Lithos 88, no. 1-4 (May 2006): 150–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2005.09.001.

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Lerouge, Cathérine, Alain Cocherie, Sadrack F. Toteu, Joseph Penaye, Jean-Pierre Milési, Robert Tchameni, Emmanuel N. Nsifa, C. Mark Fanning, and Etienne Deloule. "Shrimp U–Pb zircon age evidence for Paleoproterozoic sedimentation and 2.05Ga syntectonic plutonism in the Nyong Group, South-Western Cameroon: consequences for the Eburnean–Transamazonian belt of NE Brazil and Central Africa." Journal of African Earth Sciences 44, no. 4-5 (April 2006): 413–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.11.010.

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Kasatkina, A. P., and G. I. Buryi. "Muscular system of euconodont animals and their systematic position (Euconodontophylea)." Zoosystematica Rossica 15, no. 2 (March 2, 2007): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2006.15.2.229.

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The muscular system of euconodont animals was studied in detail on the basis of the photographs of imprints from the Lower Carboniferous Shrimp Bed of Granton (Scotland), Upper Ordovician Soom Shale (South Africa), and Silurian Waukesha biota (North America). Superficial body structures are for the first time recognized for euconodont animals: external rings (annulation) (Panderodus imprint) and their traces (specimens 2 and 3 from Granton). This makes them looking like many invertebrates, such as annelids, priapulids, or pentastomids, and different from primitive chordates. In all other imprints of euconodont animals, a deep frontal break reaching their central part uncovers the inner transversal structures of the body, muscular fibers. As in invertebrates, they have different orientation. The medial apices of the fibers can be directed obliquely towards either the head (specimens 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 from Granton, and Promissum pulchrum Kovacs-Endrődy imprints) or the tail (specimens 2 and 6 from Granton) or to be perpendicular to the body axis (specimens 3-5 from Granton). Discontinuity of the transversal structures (specimens 1 and 6) appears to occur in the euconodont animals. This suggests that the transversal obliquely-oriented structures visible on the euconodont imprints, are not myomers typical of chordate animals. Differently directed position of medial apices of the obliquely-oriented muscular fibers depends, probably, on physical state (direction of movement) of the animal. The longitudinal median structure, in our opinion, cannot be considered a chord, but is rather a gut extending from pharynx to anus. Apparently, in spite of visual similarity, the euconodont animals under study cannot be classified as chordates, or chaetognaths, or pentastomids. Their muscular system differs from that of all known groups of animals and shows its own unique structure: its inner transversal structures are muscular fibers, which externally look like rings (annulation). This supports our earlier conclusion (Kasatkina & Buryi, 1997) that euconodonts constitute a separate phylum, Euconodontophylea Kasatkina & Buryi, 1997.

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de Kock, M. O., N. J. Beukes, and R. A. Armstrong. "New SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages from the Hartswater Group, South Africa: Implications for correlations of the Neoarchean Ventersdorp Supergroup on the Kaapvaal craton and with the Fortescue Group on the Pilbara craton." Precambrian Research 204-205 (May 2012): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2012.02.007.

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Frank, Barbara. "Gendered Ritual Dualism in a Patrilineal Society: Opposition and Complementarity in Kulere Fertility Cults." Africa 74, no. 2 (May 2004): 217–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2004.74.2.217.

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AbstractAlthough a favourable position for women is usually anticipated where they occupy important economic roles in the context of matrilineal descent, such a position may well exist in a patrilineal society, especially if women organise as in West Africa. Here there exist well-organised women's cult associations which are well known from Liberia and Sierra Leone and occur also in western Cameroon and south-eastern Nigeria. The present article demonstrates the existence of a comparable women's association in middle-belt Nigeria among the Kulere. The article focuses mainly on the manner in which through the cooperation of certain men's and women's associations ‘gender symmetry’ was ritually expressed in the sphere of agriculture and fertility. The practical foundation of this symmetry in fertility cults was a relatively even division of labour between the sexes and a favourable position for women in marriage, since they could decide independently whether to stay with a husband or leave him. Cult associations were predominant in public life. Women were strictly excluded from men's associations which held political–ritual offices and channelled advantages in ritual consumption to men. Notwithstanding this exclusion, women had their own association in which they could regulate their own affairs as well as pass decisions for the whole community including the men. The women's organisation held major responsibilities for the protection and the fertility of the fields, both practically as well as ritually. In this responsibility the women's association cooperated with a men's association which otherwise intimidated women. This association of males protected the fields through the presence of supernatural guardians which was sometimes staged in masquerades. The corresponding duties and cooperation of both associations were enacted ritually through the use of common shrines and when the women contacted water spirits to increase the harvest under the protection of male masqueraders. The Kulere case shows a patrilineal society where women had a relatively independent position which was publicly acknowledged through gender dualism in the ritual organisation of agriculture in which their special capabilities with respect to fertility and sustainability were recognised.

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Kumar, Santosh, Thepfuvilie Pieru, Vikoleno Rino, and Yasutaka Hayasaka. "Geochemistry and U–Pb SHRIMP zircon geochronology of microgranular enclaves and host granitoids from the South Khasi Hills of the Meghalaya Plateau, NE India: evidence of synchronous mafic–felsic magma mixing–fractionation and diffusion in a post-collision tectonic environment during the Pan-African orogenic cycle." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 457, no. 1 (2017): 253–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp457.10.

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