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Journal articles on the topic 'Shroud pins'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Jubran, B. A., M. A. Hamdan, and R. M. Abdualh. "Enhanced Heat Transfer, Missing Pin, and Optimization for Cylindrical Pin Fin Arrays." Journal of Heat Transfer 115, no. 3 (1993): 576–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910727.

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This paper reports an experimental investigation on the effects of interfin spacing, shroud clearance, and missing pin on the heat transfer from cylindrical pin fins arranged in staggered and in-line arrays. The interfin spacing in the span wise direction was so small that the pins were almost touching each other. It was found that the optimum interfin spacing in both spanwise and streamwise directions is 2.5 D regardless of both type of array and shroud clearance used. The effect of missing pin for various interfin spacing arrays was found to be negligible for the in-line array but more signi

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2

Saxena, Vikrant, Hasan Nasir, and Srinath V. Ekkad. "Effect of Blade Tip Geometry on Tip Flow and Heat Transfer for a Blade in a Low-Speed Cascade." Journal of Turbomachinery 126, no. 1 (2004): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1643385.

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A comprehensive investigation of the effect of various tip sealing geometries is presented on the blade tip leakage flow and associated heat transfer of a scaled up HPT turbine blade in a low-speed wind tunnel facility. The linear cascade is made of four blades with the two corner blades acting as guides. The tip section of a HPT first stage rotor blade is used to fabricate the two-dimensional blade. The wind tunnel accommodates an 116 deg turn for the blade cascade. The mainstream Reynolds number based on the axial chord length at cascade exit is 4.83×105. The upstream wake effect is simulate

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3

Lauer, Dwight K., and Glenn R. Glover. "Early Pine Response to Control of Herbaceous and Shrub Vegetation in the Flatwoods." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 4 (1998): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/22.4.201.

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Abstract Herbicide treatments were used at four flatwood locations in north Florida and south Georgia to compare early pine response to control of herbaceous and shrub vegetation following bedding. Treatments consisted of three levels of shrub control (none, first year, repeated) with and without first year herbaceous vegetation control. All studies were located on spodosols planted with either loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) or slash (Pinus elliottii Englem.) pine. Responses due to shrub control were about twice that of herbaceous control with height responses of 2.2, 5.0, and 6.9 ft due to first y

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4

Dovčiak, Martin, Peter B. Reich, and Lee E. Frelich. "Seed rain, safe sites, competing vegetation, and soil resources spatially structure white pine regeneration and recruitment." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 10 (2003): 1892–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-115.

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We tested the effects of seed rain, safe sites, soil depth, overstory, and shrub layer on the establishment and recruitment of white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in aspen mixedwoods of the western Great Lakes region, U.S.A. Germin ant and seedling densities were positively related to seed rain and safe site characteristics that indicate moist conditions: high overstory basal area, decaying wood, and moss cover. Germinant and seedling densities were highest under dense overstory (>16 m2/ha) and were unrelated to shrub cover. Sapling recruitment was greatest under low overstory density (<16 m2/

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5

Harrington, Timothy B. "Overstory and understory relationships in longleaf pine plantations 14 years after thinning and woody control." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 12 (2011): 2301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-140.

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To develop silvicultural strategies for restoring longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris Mill.) savannas, mortality and growth of overstory pines and midstory hardwoods and abundance and species richness of herbs were studied for 14 years after pine thinning and nonpine woody control. Pine cover in thinned stands was about half of that in nonthinned stands through year 5, but it lagged by only 8% and 3% in years 9 and 14, respectively, because of vigorous crown responses. Despite a cumulative mortality of 64% of hardwood stems from prescribed fires in years 0, 4, and 9, hardwood basal area in thinned

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6

Нуреева, Tatyana Nureeva, Мифтахов, Timur Miftakhov, Пуряев, and Aynur Puryaev. "STRUCTURE OF AN ARTIFICIAL PINE STANDS IN THE FRESH SURAMEN OF THE KAMA REGION OF REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 10, no. 2 (2015): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/12515.

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The article deals with the problem forest husbrandy of artificial pine forest, growing in rich, atypical for the Scots pine soil and environmental conditions. This question is particularly relevant for the Republic of Tatarstan, because there are large areas of pine forest plantations grow, and forest sites are represented mainly by heavy loamy and clayey soils. Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the structure of artificial pine plantations growing under fresh surameney. The object of research was the plotted electronic database of forest and taxation indicators stands. The methodo

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7

Gómez, José M., José A. Hódar, Regino Zamora, Jorge Castro, and Daniel García. "Ungulate damage on Scots pines in Mediterranean environments: effects of association with shrubs." Canadian Journal of Botany 79, no. 6 (2001): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b01-055.

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The spatial structure of plant communities as well as the quality and abundance of neighbours can strongly influence the intensity of herbivory suffered by a plant. In this paper, we study the effect of the association with shrubs on the ungulate herbivory suffered by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. nevadensis Christ., Pinaceae) saplings in two isolated, fragmented populations in southeastern Spain. For this, we monitored herbivory on saplings with regard to the microhabitat in which they grew. We distinguished pines growing in open interspaces, on the edge of shrubs and within the canopy of

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8

Yager, Lisa Y., Deborah L. Miller, and Jeanne Jones. "Woody Shrubs as a Barrier to Invasion by Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica)." Invasive Plant Science and Management 4, no. 2 (2011): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-10-00052.1.

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AbstractCogongrass invades forests through rhizomatous growth and wind-dispersed seeds. Increased density and abundance of woody vegetation along forest edges may strengthen biotic resistance to invasion by creating a vegetative barrier to dispersal, growth, or establishment of cogongrass. We evaluated differences in dispersal of cogongrass spikelets experimentally released from road edges into tallgrass-dominated and shrub-encroached longleaf pine forests (Pinus palustris). Average maximum dispersal distances were greater in the pine–tallgrass forest (17.3 m) compared to the pine–shrub forest

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9

Tyukavina, Olga, Nikolay Neverov, and Alexander Mineev. "Variations in the length of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles under the influence of climatic factors and solar activity in different conditions of northern taiga." Journal of Forest Science 65, No. 8 (2019): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/47/2019-jfs.

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The aim of the study was to assess the influence of climatic factors on the growth of pine needles in different conditions of the water regime of soil. Studies were conducted in lichen pine forests, cowberry pine forests, blueberry pine forests, shrub-sphagnum pine forest and pine on swamp in the Arkhangelsk forestry regions (northern taiga). The needle length is influenced by solar activity (the Wolf number). The effect of solar activity on increasing the needle length is greatest in optimal growing conditions. In northern taiga conditions, air temperature is the main climatic factor affectin

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10

Lauer, Dwight K., and Glenn R. Glover. "Stand level pine response to occupancy of woody shrub and herbaceous vegetation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 7 (1999): 979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-068.

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The relationship between age-5 pine height and vegetation cover was estimated for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) stands using regression analysis. This paper utilizes results from four locations of a vegetation control study that included herbicide treatments to control woody shrub and herbaceous vegetation. Age-5 average dominant height was predicted from first-year herbaceous cover, untreated first-year shrub cover, and fifth-year shrub cover. Dominant height increased 0.5 m for each decrease of about 30% in either first year herbaceous cover, untreat

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11

Neshatayeva, V. Yu. "Siberian dwarf-pine (Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel) communities in the Kamchatka Peninsula." Vegetation of Russia, no. 19 (2011): 71–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2011.19.71.

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The detailed geobotanical characteristic of Siberian dwarf-pine (Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel) communities of the Kamchatka Peninsula is presented. The ecologo-phytocoenotical classification based on 379 relevés has been elaborated using the main principles and classification methods of Russian geobotanical school approach. As the result 15 associations, 4 subassociations and 32 variants included into 9 association groups were revealed. The peculiarities of their species composition, community structure, ecology and geographical distribution were characterized. With the use of ecological scales

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12

Šikanja, Severin. "Influence of ecological and botanical factors on the culture of black pine (Pinus nigra) and proposed future management in Šumadija region (Central Serbia)." Ekológia (Bratislava) 36, no. 2 (2017): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2017-0016.

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Abstract All ecological aspects have been analysed and studied: botanical factors at black pine cultures in the area of Šumadija. Cultures of black pine of age 33 and 55−60 years within five experimental fields can be found in (1) good habitats, (2) medium habitats and (3) bad habitats were analysed in order to see how the same aged cultures act in different habitats. We analysed all the plants that appear as terrestrial flora, all the plants that occur as a shrub vegetation and, finally, floor trees. We analysed all the biotic and abiotic factors. The measures for most appropriate care for th

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13

Wasak, K., and M. Drewnik. "Land use effects on soil organic carbon sequestration in calcareous Leptosols in former pastureland – a case study from the Tatra Mountains (Poland)." Solid Earth 6, no. 4 (2015): 1103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-6-1103-2015.

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Abstract. The purpose of the paper is to describe soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration rates in calcareous shallow soils in reforested areas in the Tatra Mountains with a particular focus on different forms of organic matter (OM) storage. Three plant communities creating a mosaic on the slopes of the studied valley were taken into account. Fifty years since the conversion of pastureland to unused grassland, dwarf pine shrub and larch forest have emerged in the study area, along with the development of genetic soil horizons as well as SOC sequestration in the soil despite the steepness of sl

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14

Wasak, K., and M. Drewnik. "Land use effects on soil organic carbon sequestration in calcareous leptosols in former pastureland – a case study from the Tatra Mountains (Poland)." Solid Earth Discussions 7, no. 2 (2015): 1577–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-7-1577-2015.

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Abstract. The purpose of the paper is to show SOC sequestration rates in calcareous shallow soils in reforested areas in Tatra Mts. with a particular focus on the different forms of organic matter (OM) storage. Three plant communities creating a mosaic on the slopes of the valley were taken into account. After 50 years since the conversion of pastureland to grassland, dwarf pine shrub, and larch forest on soils, the development of genetic soil horizons as well as SOC sequestration in soil occur despite the steepness of slopes. SOC stock is the highest in soils under larch forest (63.5 mg ha−1,

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15

Tyukavina, O. N. "The Density of Pine Wood in Drained Shrub-Sphagnum Pine Forests." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2020-2-73-80.

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16

Velayoudon, Prescilia, Pascal Pagand, Peter Winterton, and Maritxu Guiresse. "Sewage sludge application for spontaneous plant restoration of a New Caledonian Ferralsol." Soil Research 52, no. 1 (2014): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13108.

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Soils from New Caledonia typically present poor nutrient content and large quantities of heavy metals such as nickel, chromium and cobalt, resulting in slow plant development. We evaluated the impact of sewage sludge application (0–30 t dry weight (DW) ha–1) on the passive revegetation of a former pine plantation. The spontaneously regenerated plant cover was mainly represented by the dominant Pinus caribaea, a shrub (Sannantha leratii), and a grass (Costularia comosa). The density of pine seedlings was significantly higher in the moderately amended zone (1.2 and 0.2 pines m–2 for 0.5 and 30 t

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17

Messick, Elizabeth J., Christopher E. Comer, Michael A. Blazier, and T. Bently Wigley. "Avian Breeding Season Diversity and Community Composition in Camden White Gum and Slash Pine Plantations." Forest Science 67, no. 2 (2021): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxaa050.

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Abstract In the southern United States, some landowners have established plantations of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) and are managing them on short rotations (&lt;15 years) to provide wood for fiber and other potential uses. Establishment of short-rotation woody crops dominated by nonnative species has implications for resident fauna in the United States that are largely unknown. We compared avifauna abundance, diversity, and community composition in newly established Camden white gum (Eucalyptus benthamii) plantations with slash pine (Pinus elliottii) plantations of the same age and heigh

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18

Heyerdahl, Emily K., Rachel A. Loehman, and Donald A. Falk. "Mixed-severity fire in lodgepole pine dominated forests: are historical regimes sustainable on Oregon’s Pumice Plateau, USA?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 6 (2014): 593–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0413.

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In parts of central Oregon, coarse-textured pumice substrates limit forest composition to low-density lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) with scattered ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson) and a shrub understory dominated by antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC.). We reconstructed the historical fire regime from tree rings and simulated fire behavior over 783 ha of this forest type. For centuries (1650–1900), extensive mixed-severity fires occurred every 26 to 82 years, creating a multi-aged forest and shrub m

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19

Scheiner, Samuel M., and Conrad A. Istock. "Species enrichment in a transitional landscape, northern lower Michigan." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 2 (1994): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-030.

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The hemlock – white pine – northern hardwood forest region of North America is a transition between the deciduous forests to the south and the boreal forests to the north. In a survey of vascular plant communities in northern lower Michigan we examined species diversity and landscape pattern. Surveying 47 sites we found 483 vascular plant species: 37 tree species, 67 shrub species, 4 vine species, and 375 herbaceous species; there was a mean of 74.3 ± 4.2 species per site. Mean Jaccard similarity among sites was 0.22 ± 0.01 and mosaic diversity, a measure of landscape complexity, was 3.01 ± 0.

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20

Pinaevskaya, Ekaterina A., Sergey N. Tarkhanov, and Aleksandr S. Pakhov. "Growth features of different forms of scots pine in the shrub-sphagnum forest type estuary of the Onega River." SOCIALNO-ECOLOGICHESKIE TECHNOLOGII 10, no. 2 (2020): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-2961-2020-10-2-151-169.

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Pinus sylvestris L. is the main tree species of forest ecosystems in the European North of Russia, therefore, in-depth studies of the diversity of forms and growth processes of this plant are important. Forms in pine stand out according to morphological and other characteristics. In conditions of prolonged excessive soil moisture, the joint growth of various forms of pine is observed. The aim of the work is to study the growth of various forms of pine according to morphostructural characteristics in the shrub-sphagnum forest type estuary of the Onega River. Investigations of tree growth (accor

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21

Bir, Richard E., T. G. Ranney, and R. K. Jones. "SHRUB ROSES: LOW MAINTENANCE?" HortScience 31, no. 5 (1996): 754b—754. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.5.754b.

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Twelve shrub rose cultivars were evaluated for pest resistance in the southern Blue Ridge mountains under high humidity and rainfall (1.34 inches per week average during the 1994 and 1995 growing seasons). `Albo plena', `Blanc Double de Coubert', `Fru Dagmar Hastrup', `Roseraie de l'Hay', R. rugosa `Alba', `Sarah van Fleet', and `Topaz Jewel' were highly resistant to black spot and Cercospora sp. leaf spot. `Alba Meidiland', `Linda Campbell', `Pink Meidiland', and `Scarlet Meidiland' were susceptible, while `Bonica' displayed intermediate resistance to both diseases. `Sarah van Fleet' foliage

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22

Islam, K. K., S. Patricia, and RinchenY. "Broadleaved regeneration dynamics in the Pine plantation." Journal of Forest Science 57, No. 10 (2011): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/78/2010-jfs.

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&nbsp; In an Island of the Netherlands, Pine (Pinus nigra) was planted to stabilize the dunes and to protect the arable lands from the blowing sand. This research was conducted to understand the most important environmental factors responsible for a vegetation change in the Pine plantation and effect of this change on the rare orchid population: Goodyera repens and Listera cordata. Vegetation sampling was carried out according to the Braun-Blanquet phytosociologic method within the three sites of this Island. Twinspan analysis confirmed the definition of three site types and redundancy ana

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23

Drescher-Schneider, Ruth. "The Riss-Würm interglacial from West to East in the Alps: an overview of the vegetational succession and climatic development." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 79, no. 2-3 (2000): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600023672.

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AbstractThe vegetational and climatic developments during the Riss-Würm interglacial in the area on the northern flank of the Alps are reviewed. Reforestation seems to have begun over the whole region with a dwarf-shrub and ensuing shrub phase, leading to birch and/or pine woodland. The rise in summer temperatures, which δ180 values suggest to have been a two-stage event, permitted the immigration and expansion of more demanding trees (elm, oak, lime, ash, ivy, hazel, yew, etc.). Following the thermal maximum, which took place during the hazel and yew biozones, hornbeam dominated the forests i

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24

Feklistov, Pavel, Alexandr Sobolev, Oksana Barzut, and Nikolay Neverov. "Illuminance under canopy in different types of forest in the northern taiga." Folia Forestalia Polonica 63, no. 2 (2021): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2021-0012.

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Abstract The illumination under the canopy in different types of pine and spruce forests is considered. The research was carried out in different points of the Northern taiga of the Arkhangelsk region. Illumination was measured using a luxmeter in different directions: at the level of the moss-lichen layer, at the level of the grass-shrub layer and at a height of 1.3 m; at different distances from the tree trunk; at different distances from the edge of the forest. Illumination in pine forests at the level of the moss-lichen layer is 2.3 times higher than in spruce forests. Under the canopy of

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25

Weber, Dominique, Marius Rüetschi, David Small, and Christian Ginzler. "Grossflächige Klassifikation von Gebüschwald mit Fernerkundungsdaten." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 171, no. 2 (2020): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2020.0051.

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Large-scale classification of shrub forest with remote sensing data Information on shrub forest distribution and development is important for a range of forestry- and ecologically-related questions, but current and area-wide datasets have been characterized by limited availability. In this study, the mapping of shrub forests dominated by green alder, mountain pine and hazel for the canton of Grison was investigated, based on available nationwide remote sensing data. Satellite data from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, as well as a vegetation height and an elevation model were used. Training areas pr

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26

Groeschl, DA, JE Johnson, and DW Smith. "Early Vegetative Response to Wildfire in a Table Mountain-Pitch Pine Forest." International Journal of Wildland Fire 2, no. 4 (1992): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9920177.

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Abstract. This study was established to measure vegetation in a mid-elevation Pinus pungens Larnb.- Pinus rigida Mill. (table mountain pine-pitch pine) forest following wildfire in the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Vegetation in the overstory, shrub, and regeneration strata were monitored one and two growing seasons following a July, 1988 wildfire. High severity burn areas were impacted greater in terms of stand composition, structure, and diversity than areas of low severity. Two years after fire occurrence, overstory basal area mortality was nearly 98 percent in areas of high severity,

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27

Oliver, William W. "Spacing and Shrub Competition Influence 20-Year Development of Planted Ponderosa Pine." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 5, no. 3 (1990): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/5.3.79.

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Abstract Growth and stand development of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were monitored for 20 years after planting at five different square spacings (6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 ft) in the presence or absence of competing shrubs on the westside Sierra Nevada. Mean tree size was positively correlated and stand values negatively correlated with spacing in the absence of competing shrubs. Trees growing with competing shrubs attained 76% of the diameter, 80% of the height, and 58% of the cubic volume of trees free of shrub competition when all spacings were combined. This study suggests that the major

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28

Anderson, Neil O., Esther Gesick, Peter D. Ascher, et al. "Mammoth™ ‘Twilight Pink Daisy’ Garden Chrysanthemum." HortScience 47, no. 8 (2012): 1182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.8.1182.

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Mammoth™ ‘Twilight Pink Daisy’ (U.S. Plant Patent 14,455; Canadian Plant Breeders’ Rights Certificate No. 4192) is an interspecific garden chrysanthemum cultivar, Chrysanthemum ×hybridum Anderson (= Dendranthema ×hybrida Anderson) with common names of hardy mum, chrysanthemum, and garden mum. It is a new and distinct form of shrub-type garden mums in the Mammoth™ series with rosy-pink ray florets, a dark “eye” color in the center of the disc florets, frost-tolerant flower petals, and self-pinching growth. This cultivar is a butterfly attractant in the garden. Mammoth™ ‘Twilight Pink Daisy’ is

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29

Perestoronina, O. N., S. V. Shabalkina, and N. P. Savinykh. "Spectrum of ecological-coenotical groups of pine forests of the nature monument “medvedskij Bor” (Kirov region)." Проблемы ботаники южной сибири и монголии 19, no. 2 (2020): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2020131.

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The dynamics of ecological-coenotical groups of the grass-shrub layer in various pine forests of the naturemonument “Medvedskij Bor” is analyzed in connection with the transformation of communities. The boreal groupoccupies a large share, the plants of the boreal and boreal-marginal groups account for a significant part, the meadowsteppe group disappear in most communities. A natural transformation of steppe pine-forests (bor) into zonal forests isobserved.

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Ritchie, Martin, Jianwei Zhang, and Ethan Hammett. "Aboveground Biomass Response to Release Treatments in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation." Forests 10, no. 9 (2019): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10090795.

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Controlling competing vegetation is vital for early plantation establishment and growth. Aboveground biomass (AGB) response to manual grubbing release from shrub competition was compared with no release control in a twelve-year-old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson) plantation established after a wildfire in northeastern California. In addition, response to chemical release followed by precommercial thinning in an adjacent plantation was also examined as a growth potential from a more intensively managed regime, where shrub competition was virtually eliminated. We measured

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31

McLaughlin, J. A. "Impact of Armillaria root disease on succession in red pine plantations in southern Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 3 (2001): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77519-3.

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Armillaria root disease created openings in southern Ontario red pine plantations that are gradually succeeding to hardwood-dominated mixedwoods through natural regeneration. A study of 13 root disease centres found several tree and shrub species colonizing the openings. Black cherry was the most important hardwood and white pine the most important conifer colonizer. Mortality of black cherry and white pine regeneration was greater than for other species. Long-term survival of conifers in the centres is doubtful, and high mortality of black cherry is expected. Other hardwood species may fare b

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32

Martín-Alcón, Santiago, Lluís Coll, Miquel De Cáceres, et al. "Combining aerial LiDAR and multispectral imagery to assess postfire regeneration types in a Mediterranean forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 7 (2015): 856–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0430.

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Wildfires play a major role in driving vegetation changes and can cause important environmental and economic losses in Mediterranean forests, especially where the dominant species lacks efficient postfire regeneration mechanisms. In these areas, postdisturbance vegetation management strategies need to be based on detailed, spatially continuous inventories of the burned area. Here, we present a methodology in which we combine airborne LiDAR and multispectral imagery to assess postfire regeneration types in a spatially continuous way, using a Mediterranean black pine (Pinus nigra Arn ssp. salzma

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33

Moores, Kevin A., and Yogendra K. Joshi. "Effect of Tip Clearance on the Thermal and Hydrodynamic Performance of a Shrouded Pin Fin Array." Journal of Heat Transfer 125, no. 6 (2003): 999–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1621897.

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The effect of introducing tip clearance to a liquid cooled array of shrouded pins fins is examined. Three arrays of height to diameter ratio ranging from 0.5 to 1.1 were evaluated experimentally. The arrays were exposed to a uniform heat flux of 0.02 to 0.26 W/mm2 and cooled with water through a nominal Reynolds number range of 200 to 10,000. Tip clearance of 0 to 25% of pin height was assessed. Mean heat transfer rates and adiabatic pressure drop across the array were determined and empirical correlations are proposed. The introduction of clearance was seen to increase overall heat transfer i

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34

Gabriela Hamze, Julieta, María Jiménez-Movilla, and Raquel Romar. "Sperm binding to ZP2-coated beads improve the efficiency of porcine in vitro fertilisation." Reproduction 160, no. 5 (2020): 725–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-20-0123.

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The role of specific zona pellucida (ZP) glycoproteins in gamete interaction has not yet been elucidated in many species. A recently developed 3D model based on magnetic sepharose beads (B) conjugated to recombinant ZP glycoproteins (BZP) and cumulus cells (CBZP) allows the study of isolated ZP proteins in gamete recognition studies. The objective of this work was to study the role of porcine ZP2, ZP3 and ZP4 proteins in sperm binding, cumulus cell adhesion and acrosome reaction triggering. ZP protein-bound beads were incubated with fresh ejaculated boar spermatozoa and isolated cumulus cells

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TACK, W., M. MADDER, L. BAETEN, P. DE FRENNE, and K. VERHEYEN. "The abundance ofIxodes ricinusticks depends on tree species composition and shrub cover." Parasitology 139, no. 10 (2012): 1273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182012000625.

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SUMMARYThe mainstream forestry policy in many European countries is to convert coniferous plantations into (semi-natural) deciduous woodlands. However, woodlands are the main habitat forIxodes ricinusticks. Therefore, assessing to what extent tick abundance and infection withBorreliaspirochetes are affected by forest composition and structure is a prerequisite for effective prevention of Lyme borreliosis. We selected a total of 25 pine and oak stands, both with and without an abundant shrub layer, in northern Belgium and estimated tick abundance between April and October 2008–2010. Additionall

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Wang, Boheng, Yuankun Bu, Yanjie Li, et al. "Quantifying the Relationship among Impact Factors of Shrub Layer Diversity in Chinese Pine Plantation Forest Ecosystems." Forests 10, no. 9 (2019): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10090781.

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Shrub layer diversity is an essential component of the forest ecosystem diversity, that contributes significantly to structuring the community and maintaining diversity, especially in plantation forests. In previous studies, researchers have reported the strong relationship among various factors (i.e., soil composition, mean annual temperature, etc.) and shrub diversity. However, how these factors jointly influence shrub diversity and which factors could be considered the key factors is still unknown. In this study, we attempted to quantify the effect among environmental factors, soil factors

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Håland, Bjørn, and Finn H. Brække. "Distribution of root biomass in a low‐shrub pine bog." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 4, no. 1-4 (1989): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827588909382568.

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Stavrova, Natalia I., Vadim V. Gorshkov, Paul N. Katjutin, and Irina Ju Bakkal. "The Structure of Northern Siberian Spruce–Scots Pine Forests at Different Stages of Post-Fire Succession." Forests 11, no. 5 (2020): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11050558.

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The process of post-fire recovery in mixed Siberian spruce–Scots pine forests (Picea obovata Ledeb.-Pinus sylvestris L.), typical for the European North-West, was studied in the Kola peninsula (Russia). We used the spatial–temporal approach to reveal the size structure (diameter at breast height (DBH) distribution) and vital state of Siberian spruce and Scots pine stands, tree regeneration and species structure of the dwarf shrub–herb and lichen–moss layers at different stages of post-fire succession (8–380 years after the fire). It was found that in both forest-forming species, the process of

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Lee, Eun Ju, Norm C. Kenkel, and Thomas Booth. "Pollen deposition in the boreal forest of west-central Canada." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 8 (1996): 1265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-153.

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Deposition of tree and tall shrub pollen was examined along a 5.5-km transect in mixed boreal forest in west-central Manitoba, Canada. Annual pollen deposition averaged ca. 6850 grains/cm2 in 1992, with jack pine contributing 67.3% and spruce 24.5% of the total. In general, flowering plant species released their pollen in early to late May, while conifer (spruce and pine) pollen release occurred in early to mid-June. Pollen deposition was poorly correlated with relative species abundance in the community, with some species (e.g., jack pine) being over-represented in the pollen rain and others

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Gillon, D., C. Houssard, J. C. Valette, and E. Rigolot. "Nitrogen and phosphorus cycling following prescribed burning in natural and managed Aleppo pine forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 8 (1999): 1237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-079.

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Two prescribed burnings (downhill and uphill fires) were conducted in two stands of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.): a natural stand and a managed stand that was subject to thinning, pruning, and shrub removal. The concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the pine needles and regrowth of the main shrub species, Quercus coccifera L., and the quantities of N and P in the needle fall and in the forest floor were measured during the 6 months following the fires. The concentrations of N and P in the pine needles and leaves of Q. coccifera increased compared with the unburned contro

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Busse, Matt D., P. H. Cochran, William E. Hopkins, et al. "Developing resilient ponderosa pine forests with mechanical thinning and prescribed fire in central Oregon's pumice region." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 6 (2009): 1171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-044.

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Thinning and prescribed burning are common management practices for reducing fuel buildup in ponderosa pine forests. However, it is not well understood if their combined use is required to lower wildfire risk and to help restore natural ecological function. We compared 16 treatment combinations of thinning, prescribed fire, and slash retention for two decades across a site quality gradient of second-growth pine stands, measuring changes in forest vegetation growth, structure, and composition. Thinning alone doubled the diameter growth increment of ponderosa pine, moderately stimulated shrub pr

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Zhang, Jianwei, Martin W. Ritchie, and William W. Oliver. "Vegetation responses to stand structure and prescribed fire in an interior ponderosa pine ecosystemThis article is one of a selection of papers from the Special Forum on Ecological Studies in Interior Ponderosa Pine — First Findings from Blacks Mountain Interdisciplinary Research." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 5 (2008): 909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-230.

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A large-scale interior ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) study was conducted at the Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest in northeastern California. The primary purpose of the study was to determine the influence of structural diversity on the dynamics of interior pine forests at the landscape scale. High structural diversity (HiD) and low structural diversity (LoD) treatments were created with mechanical thinning on 12 main plots. Each plot was then split in half with one-half treated with prescribed fire. During the 5 year period after the treatments, the LoD treat

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Sullivan, Thomas P., John A. Krebs, and Paul K. Diggle. "Prediction of stand susceptibility to feeding damage by red squirrels in young lodgepole pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 1 (1994): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-003.

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This paper provides a forecast model to predict when and where significant feeding damage by red squirrels (Tamiasciurushudsonicus Erxleben) will occur in managed stands of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.). Information from 51 managed stands (average DBH > 6.0 cm) in the interior of British Columbia and from past squirrel population studies was used to formulate the model. Incidence of damage was significantly greater in stands originating from wildfire than from harvesting. Stands within the Montane Spruce biogeoclimatic zone had the highest levels of damage of

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Stephens, Scott L. "Fire history differences in adjacent Jeffrey pine and upper montane forests in the eastern Sierra Nevada." International Journal of Wildland Fire 10, no. 2 (2001): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf01008.

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Fire history and forest structural characteristics of adjacent Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) and upper montane forests was investigated in the eastern Sierra Nevada at the University of California Valentine Natural Reserve. Jeffrey pine forests had lower canopy cover, higher amounts of fine fuels, and higher shrub cover when compared to upper montane forest that were dominated by red fir (Abies magnifica). Fire dates were determined using standard dendrochronolgy techniques from fire-scarred Jeffrey pine, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. murrayana), red f ir, and western white pine (Pinus m

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Schwab, Francis E., and A. R. E. Sinclair. "Biodiversity of diurnal breeding bird communities related to succession in the dry Douglas-fir forests of southeastern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 10 (1994): 2034–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-261.

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To determine the relationship between bird biodiversity and succession, we recorded the presence and approximate numbers of breeding diurnal bird species on plots representing secondary vegetation succession in an area classified as the very dry, hot subzone of the Interior Douglas-fir Biogeoclimatic Zone: grass, shrub, young conifer, and mature Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco)–ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) forest. The number of species and individual birds increased with the successional age of plots, but young conifer plots had fewer bird species and indivi

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Hild, A. L., and D. L. Morgan. "Mulch Effects on Crown Growth of Five Southwestern Shrub Species." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 11, no. 1 (1993): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-11.1.41.

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Abstract Effects of pine bark mulch on crown growth of cliffrose (Cowania mexicana var. stansburiana Torr.), curlleaf mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.), desert olive (Forestiera neomexicana Gray), Apache plume (Fallugia paradoxa D.Don), and winterfat (Ceratoides lanata Pursh.) were examined. Three depths of mulch 0, 7.5, and 15 cm (0, 3, and 6 in), were applied to 3.8 liter (1 gal) plants at time of planting (April, 1989). Height, width, stem diameter and foliage fill were recorded for each plant after 18 months. Foliage fill was obtained by digital image analysis of 35 mm photographic s

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McDonald, Philip M., Celeste S. Abbott, and Gary O. Fiddler. "Development of a Shrub-Fern-Ponderosa Pine Community Eleven Years After Site Preparation and Release." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 14, no. 4 (1999): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/14.4.194.

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Abstract Vegetation management can direct trends in early plant development and species succession and through various treatments achieve specific combinations of species desired by the ecosystem manager. Density and development of several plant species were studied in an area in northern California that was planted with 1-yr-oldponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa) seedlings in 1986 and treated with three herbicides (Velpar L, Garlon 4, Escort) in fall 1986 and spring 1987. Abundant species in the new plantation were bush chinquapin (Chrysolepis sempervirens) that regenerated from r

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Ballington, J. R. "SUCCESSFUL INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN Kalmia angustifolia VAR. caroliniana (SMALL) FERNALD AND Kalmia latifolia L." HortScience 40, no. 3 (2005): 878e—878. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.878e.

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The genus Kalmia L. is endemic to North America. Kalmia latifolia is the best known species in the genus. It is a rounded evergreen shrub to small tree that ranges from northern Florida to New England. Flower color varies from white to pink, but at lower elevations in the southeastern U.S., pink flowers quickly fade to white. It is a diploid species with 2n = 2x = 24 chromosomes. Kalmia angustifolia var. caroliniana only occurs in the southeastern US. It is a thin upright evergreen shrub to 1.5 m tall. Flower color is either light pink or rosy purple, and the flower pigments appear to be heat

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Boiko, Sergii, Ernest Bielinis, Zbigniew Sierota, et al. "Polish Pony Changes Lower Layer Biodiversity in Old Growth Scots Pine Stands." Forests 10, no. 5 (2019): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050417.

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The study examines the influence of Polish primitive horse grazing on vegetation in deciduous and coniferous old forest stands in north-east Poland. It was conducted in both forest sites in two complexes located in: (i) the fenced area of the Popielno Research Station of the Polish Academy of Sciences, with free-living Polish pony [Polish primitive horse (Equus ferus caballus Linnaeus, 1758)] in 130-year-old stands, and (ii) in the open 116-year-old managed (harvested) Maskulińskie Forest District, without horses. In both areas the stands are inhabited by free-living red and roe deer. The impa

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Amberson, Jeremy, Megan Keville, and Cara Nelson. "Effects of Disturbance on Tree Community Dynamics in Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) Ecosystems." Forests 9, no. 9 (2018): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9090566.

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Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.), an ecologically important tree species in high-elevation ecosystems of western North America, is threatened by white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola Fischer) and increased pressure from mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) due to climate warming. In addition, there is concern that fire suppression may be leading to successional replacement of whitebark by late-seral trees. Despite widespread knowledge that the tree is in decline, there is limited understanding of its successional dynamics, particularly in forests disturbed by

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