Academic literature on the topic 'Shrubby Sophora'

Shrubby sophora (Sophora flavescens L.) genus of the Fabaceae family is a perennial plant that is common in Russia, Japan, Korea, Northeast, North and Central China. The roots of this plant contain 1-2 % of alkaloids (allomatrin, anagirin, isomatrin, matrine, sofofarpin, soforamin, soforanol), triterpene saponins (soyasaponin I), flavonoids (soforaflavosides I, II, III, IV, biosanin A, kuraridin, kurarin, Cushenols A, B, C, D, I, K, L, M, (-) - maakianin, neokurarinol, norkurarinone) and amino acids (proline, aspartic acid, glycine, argenine). Plant amino acids form a large group of organic compounds and have unique biological and pharmacological properties. Therefore, in recent years, scientists have paid great attention to the study of the amino acid composition of medicinal plants. <strong>The aim</strong>&nbsp;of our work was to determine the content of amino acids in the roots of shrubby Sophora (Sophora flavescens L.). <strong>Materials and methods:</strong>&nbsp;the study was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Identification of amino acids was performed by comparing the retention time with a mixture of amino acid standards (Agilent 5061-3334). The content of bound amino acids was determined by the difference between the content of free amino acids and their total content. <strong>Results and discussion:</strong>&nbsp;as a result of the study, the content of 15 amino acids was found and determined in the free and bound state of shrubby Sophora roots, of which 6 are irreplaceable (threonine, valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine). In a free state, proline (3.61 &micro;g / mg) and aspartic acid (0.73 &micro;g / mg) in the bound state - glycine (1.25 &micro;g / mg), arginine (0.87 &micro;g / mg) accumulated in large quantities, serine (0.84 &micro;g / mg) and glutamic acid (0.80 &micro;g / mg). In the free state, in the minimal quantities were accumulated methionine (0.024 &mu;g / mg), glycine (0.040 &mu;g / mg) and threonine (0.046 &mu;g / mg), in the bound state - proline (0.079 &mu;g / mg), aspartic acid (0.229 &mu;g / mg) and methionine (0.231 &micro;g / mg). An amino acid such as lysine was not found in the roots of shrubby Sophora. <strong>Conclusions:</strong>&nbsp;using the HPLC method, we determined the content of 15 free and bound amino acids in the roots of shrubby Sophora, of which 6 are irreplaceable. Monoaminomonocarboxy, monoaminodicarboxy, diaminomonocarboxylic, aromatic and heterocyclic amino acids were found in the series of bound acids. Considering that amino acids contribute to the rapid absorption and potentiation of the action of other biologically active substances (phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, organic acids, macro- and microelements) contained in plant raw materials, the study of the amino acids of the roots of Sophora flavescens L. is promising for use in official medicine and gives the opportunity to create new drugs of combined action based on the specified type of medicinal plant materials

Aktrine 4.6 SL is a matrine, which is a natural derivative extracted from the leaves and roots of shrubby sophora (<em>Sophora flavescens</em>). This study was conducted to determine the efficiency of Aktrine 4.6 SL as a biological control agent against rice black bugs (RBB) (<em>Scotinophara coarctata</em> Fabricus), rice bugs (<em>Leptocorisa acuta</em> Thunberg), and white stem borers (<em>Scirpophaga innotata</em> Walker). Three Aktrine 4.6 SL concentrations were used in this study: 0.5 mL∙L^&ndash;1, 1.0 mL&middot;L^&ndash;1, and 2.0 mL∙L^&ndash;1. Pure water treatment served as the control. The experiment was set in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments, replicated four times on the populations of the three species. Results demonstrate that Aktrine 4.6 SL applied at 1.0 and 2.0 ml∙L^&ndash;1 can control pest infestation and damage. At these concentrations, rice black bug and rice bug populations as well as damage from stem borer were significantly lower compared to plants with no treatment or those applied with 0.5 ml∙L^{&ndash;1&nbsp;}Aktrine 4.6 SL. Further, plots treated with 1.0 and 2.0 ml∙L^&ndash;1 concentrations of Aktrine 4.6 SL produced significantly higher grain yield. To minimize costs, a concentration of 1.0 ml&middot;L^&ndash;1 is recommended.

Application of herbs and natural medicines have shown to have no negative side effects, with high effectiveness to improve productivity. Usage of medicinal plants can increase gut function, improve hepatic function, inhibition of prooxidant enzymes, enhance antioxidant content, improve shelf life, enhance sensorial value, better nutritive value, improve both health and consumers preference, enhance calcium and other minerals, increase vitamin B and folate, and enhance immunity. The most important medicinal plants with antiparasitic activities are green tea, guar bean, pine bark, grape seed, barberry root bark, Rangoon creeper, olive tree, and wormwood. Some other important medicinal plants in poultry industry are black pepper, nettle, shrubby sophora, Aleppo oak, garlic, red cedar, ginger, mint, tobacco, turmeric, aloe vera, etc. The application of herbal medicines can be considered as an important alternative to treating parasitic infections. In organic broiler production with application of medicinal plants, decreasing hormones, growth promoters and antibiotics should be considered as well as paying more attention to selection of appropriate organic feed management with considering higher production. This article aims to survey on the importance of application of natural products and medicinal plants in poultry industry by considering secondary metabolites such as triterpenoids, coumarins, alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids due to their anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and astringent properties.

Populus euphratica, Tamarix ramosissima, and Sophora alopecuroides are, respectively, typical arboreal, shrubby, and herbaceous species in oases of arid regions. It is important to study the difference in metabolic characteristics of the rhizosphere fungal community of these plant species and their relationships with soil factors for the preservation of delicate arid oasis ecosystems with future environmental changes. In this study, we, respectively, collected 18 rhizosphere soil samples of P. euphratica, T. ramosissima, and S. alopecuroides to explore the difference in rhizosphere fungal metabolic characteristics of different plant life forms and their underlying driving factors. The results showed that (1) soil physicochemical properties (including soil water content, pH, etc.) were significantly different among different plant species (p &lt; 0.05). (2) Rhizosphere fungal metabolic characteristics were significantly different between S. alopecuroides and T. ramosissima (ANOSIM, p &lt; 0.05), which was mainly caused by the different utilization of carboxylic carbon. (3) The RDA showed that the main driving factors of the variations in rhizosphere fungal metabolic characteristics were different among different plant species. The main explanatory variables of the variations in the metabolic characteristics of the rhizosphere fungal community were carbon to nitrogen ratio (23%) and available potassium (17.4%) for P. euphratica, while soil organic carbon (23.1%), pH (8.6%), and total nitrogen (8.2%) for T. ramosissima, and soil clay content (36.6%) and soil organic carbon (12.6%) for S. alopecuroides. In conclusion, the variations in rhizosphere fungal metabolic characteristics in arid oases are dominantly affected by soil factors rather than plant life forms.

The quantification of above-ground biomass is based on the calculation of carbon storage, which is important for the balance of carbon cycling. However, the allometric models of shrubs for calculating the above-ground biomass of shrubs in the Loess Plateau are scarce. In order to solve this issue, this study analyzed some highly correlated variables, including height (H), branch diameters (D), canopy volume (Cv), canopy area (Ca), and then built a regression model to predict the above-ground biomass in two common shrubs (Caragana korshinskii and Sophora viciifolia) in the Loess Plateau, China. The results show that the above-ground biomass of these two shrubs can be accurately predicted by H and D, and then we can use allometric model (y = axb) to calculate shrub above-ground biomass (including leaf biomass and branch biomass). Furthermore, the correlation between leaf biomass and branch biomass in Caragana korshinskii and Sophora viciifolia indicates that the components of above-ground biomass are closely related to each other. In addition, there is a strong linear relationship (p &lt; 0.01) between the observed and estimated biomass values, which confirms the data accuracy of the above-ground biomass estimation models. In summary, these two biomass estimation models provide an accurate way to estimate the quantification of carbon for shrubs in the Loess Plateau.

Abstract The genus Sophora belongs to the family Papilionaceae and contains about 20 species of temperate and subtropical trees and shrubs (1) of wide distribution. Three species are native to New Zealand: S. prostrata J. Buchan, S. tetraptera J.F. Mill, and S. microphylla Ait. The 2 tall species, S. tetraptera and S. microphylla, are widely planted as garden specimen trees because of their abundant golden yellow flowers produced in spring. 'Earlygold' is being released for its ornamental value and for its dwarf compact growth habit.

The vegetation of Balochistan is of critical value to the quality of life for the local nomadic people. Many important dominant species used for animal grazing were selected to evaluate their value as fodder during 2016-2017. These plants including Amylgdalus brahuica Boiss, Prunus eburnea Aitch, Caragana ambigua Stocks, Sophora mollis Royle, Perovskia abrotanoides Karel, and Berberis baluchistanica Ahrendt, (as because Sophora mollis were not found in Zarghoon] were collected seasonally from Hazarganji, Karkhasa and Zarghoon area of Quetta district. These were analyzed for macro and micro elemental composition such as P, Ca, Na, K, S, Fe, Zn, Sr, Al and Mn by using atomic absorption, flame photometer and X-ray florescence spectrophotometer. The elemental concentrations were compared with standard feed table of Pakistan Agriculture Research Council. P. eburnea and B. baluchistanica showed good amount of nutrients in their foliage, these two plants were palatable and preferred by the small ruminants, while A. brahuica and C. ambigua showed medium amounts of minerals and fulfill the requirements of the animal as fodder. The animals did not prefer to eat P. abrotanoides may due to its strong smell while S. mollishad deposition of cutin and suberin on their leaves. It was observed that there was no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05] in the concentration of different elements of the forage due to seasonal changes.