Journal articles: 'Shuar Indians'

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Pinaki and A. K. Dwivedi. "Comparison of Seismic Response of Multi-Storey Building Having Shear Walls Without Opening on STAAD-PRO and ETAB." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1282, no. 1 (October 1, 2023): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1282/1/012009.

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Abstract In India’s main cities, high-rise reinforced concrete residential buildings with more than 15, 16, or 17 stories are widespread these days, which are aligned parallel to the Indian government’s “Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna”. The development of an economical and eco-friendly R-C building by providing a limited area of shear walls at the diagonal corners of the structure is evaluated in STAAD-PRO and ETAB in this paper. This work also focuses on the location and minimal area of shear walls along with maximum strength, and its 3-D analysis gives conclusions. The paper concludes that the design of 20-story buildings in STAAD and ETAB with minimum shear walls gives safe results, and Horizontal forces increase the structure’s strength and stiffness requirements.

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Jayachandran, P. T., P. Sri Ram, P. V. S. Rama Rao, and V. V. Somayajulu. "Sequential sporadic-E layers at low latitudes in the Indian sector." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 4 (April 30, 1999): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0519-1.

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Abstract. A study of the formation and movement of sequential Sporadic-E layers observed during the night-time hours at two Indian low-latitude stations, SHAR (dip 10°N) and Waltair (dip 20°N) shows that the layer are formed around 19:00 h. IST at altitudes of ~180 km. They descend to the normal E-region altitude of about 100 km in three to four hours and becomes blanketing type of Es before they disappear. However, the absence of these descending layers at an equatorial station, Trivandrum (dip 2°N) gives the experimental evidence for wind shear theory. The meridional neutral wind derived from the height variation of the F-layer showed significant poleward wind during the descent of these layers. Hence it is inferred that these layers are formed as a consequence of the convergence of plasma by the poleward wind and the equatorward propagating gravity waves (inferred from the height fluctuations of F-layer).Key words. Ionosphere (active experiments; equatorial ionosphere · ionospheric irregularities)

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Yuan, Junpeng, Yong Gao, Dian Feng, and Yali Yang. "The Zonal Dipole Pattern of Tropical Cyclone Genesis in the Indian Ocean Influenced by the Tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies." Journal of Climate 32, no. 19 (September 3, 2019): 6533–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0042.1.

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AbstractFrom a basinwide perspective, the dominant mode of Indian Ocean tropical cyclone genesis (TCG) in September–November (SON) shows an equatorially symmetric east–west zonal dipole pattern, which can explain approximately 13% of the SON TCG variance. This zonal dipole TCG pattern is significantly related to the tripole pattern of the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean (IPT). The IPT, which is a combined interbasin mode and presents a dipole pattern of SSTAs in the tropical Indian Ocean and El Niño–like SSTAs in the tropical Pacific Ocean, can influence the local Walker circulation and zonal dipole TCG pattern over the tropical Indian Ocean. Associated with a positive IPT phase, abnormal ascending (descending) motions are induced and favorable for more (less) water vapor transport to the lower–middle level in the western (eastern) tropical Indian Ocean; significant anticyclonic vorticity anomalies are evoked in the lower level over the eastern tropical Indian Ocean, and weak easterly vertical wind shear appears over the tropical Indian Ocean. Thus, abnormally strong upward motion, abundant water vapor in the lower–middle level, and weak vertical wind shear are favorable for more TCG in the western tropical Indian Ocean, while the combined negative contributions of the vertical motion, lower-level vorticity, and humidity terms result in less TCG in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean.

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Sridharan, A., N. S. Pandian, and P. Srinivasa Rao. "Shear strength characteristics of some Indian fly ashes." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement 2, no. 3 (July 1998): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/gi.1998.020304.

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5

Ramesh, D. S., and K. S. Prakasam. "Shear wave splitting observations from the Indian shield." Journal of Earth System Science 104, no. 1 (March 1995): 85–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02842277.

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Zhou, Lei, Raghu Murtugudde, Dake Chen, and Youmin Tang. "Seasonal and Interannual Variabilities of the Central Indian Ocean Mode." Journal of Climate 30, no. 16 (August 2017): 6505–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0616.1.

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The central Indian Ocean (CIO) mode, an intrinsic coupled mode, plays an important role in the intraseasonal variabilities over the Indian monsoon region. Besides the intraseasonal variabilities, the CIO mode also has pronounced seasonal and interannual variabilities. The CIO mode is active during boreal summer but suppressed during boreal winter. The seasonality is mainly attributable to the barotropic instability, which is caused by the large meridional shear of zonal winds. By decomposing the temporal tendency of the meridional gradient of zonal winds, it is found that the zonal wind shear mainly follows the variation of the horizontal eddy flux, which indicates the importance of the multiscale interaction in tropical dynamics. The interannual variability of the CIO mode also depends on the energy transfer associated with the barotropic instability. The influences of El Niño or La Niña and Indian Ocean dipole–zonal mode (IODZM) on the CIO mode are analyzed. El Niño and La Niña have moderate impacts on the CIO mode. El Niño weakens the CIO mode and La Niña strengthens it via the changes in the low-level zonal wind shear. IODZM does not significantly change the amplitude of the CIO mode but can shift its latitudinal position by modifying the meridional shear of the zonal winds. The low-frequency variabilities of the CIO mode at seasonal and interannual time scales unveil the impacts of the background circulations at the intraseasonal variabilities during the Indian summer monsoon in a multiscale framework. While the low-frequency variabilities of this mode will clearly have an implication for monsoon variability and prediction, further studies are needed to quantify the impacts.

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Sukumar, V., J. Arunachalam, and D. C. Haran Pragalath. "Efficacy of Importance Factor in Seismic Design of Indian Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 857 (November 2016): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.857.71.

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At present, seismic load evaluation for design of Indian buildings are carried out using Indian seismic code. In which, building Time period, Response Reduction factor and Importance factor alters design base shear majorly. Currently IS code defines Importance factor differently as “1” for general buildings and “1.5” for public buildings. This factor makes public buildings as heavier sections as it increases design base shear. However there are no evidence that, how this importance factor affects/alters/improves the seismic behavior of buildings. In this present study, four storey RC frames are designed with different importance factors. Pushover analyses are carried out to find its effects on over strength factor and response reduction factor.

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8

Singh, D. D. "Shear wave velocity structure over the eastern Indian subcontinent." Tectonophysics 230, no. 1-2 (February 1994): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(94)90150-3.

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9

Jia, Fan, Lixin Wu, and Bo Qiu. "Seasonal Modulation of Eddy Kinetic Energy and Its Formation Mechanism in the Southeast Indian Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 41, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jpo4436.1.

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Abstract Mesoscale eddy activity in the southeast Indian Ocean (15°–30°S, 60°–110°E) is investigated based on available satellite altimetry observations. The observed sea level anomaly data show that this region is the only eastern basin among the global oceans where strong eddy activity exists. Furthermore, the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) level in this region displays a distinct seasonal cycle with the maximum in austral summer and minimum in austral winter. It is found that this seasonal modulation of EKE is mediated by baroclinic instability associated with the surface-intensified South Indian Countercurrent (SICC) and the underlying South Equatorial Current (SEC) system. In austral spring and summer the enhanced flux forcing of combined meridional Ekman and geostrophic convergence strengthens the upper-ocean meridional temperature gradient, intensifying the SICC front and its vertical velocity shear. Modulation of the vertical velocity shear results in the seasonal changes in the strength of baroclinic instability, leading to the seasonal EKE variations in the southeast Indian Ocean.

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10

Kale, Mr Keshav Raghunath, Mr Satish Sahebrao Manal, and Mr Mahesh Shivajirao Bankar. "Investigation of Linear Dynamic Analysis and Duc-tile Design of High Rise Structure as per Revised Indian Code." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 2731–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50605.

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Abstract: This thesis gives a comparative seismic analysis of high rise structure in zone III and zone IV using the New IS 13920- 2016 standards. The recent earthquakes in India revealed unequivocally that conventional structural design and construction techniques fail to meet fundamental seismic resistance standards. The use of ductile design and detailing methods in conventional construction is a critical topic that requires attention. The ductility of reinforced concrete structures as a whole is a difficult topic. However, specific design factors and reinforcing details may be used in particular critical spots of the building structure to reduce seismic damage and life-threatening collapse. The approaches are straightforward, affordable, and extensively detailed in the Indian Bureau of Standard Code of Practice's standard code of practise (IS13920). It is recommended to conduct a comparative analysis of the dynamic behaviour of high-rise structures using the response spectrum approach in accordance with IS 1893 Part1-2016 The investigation of characteristics including displacement, base shear, and tale drift. Examining factors including modal frequencies and acceleration in response spectrum load instances in both the X and Y directions. Ductile design of high rise structures in accordance with IS 13920-2016's new codal requirements. Additionally, it is recommended to analyse and design multi-story buildings using computational software such as ETABS and compare characteristics such as storey displacement, base shear and storey drift. The shear wall at the corner reduces storey X displacement by 46.245%. The intermediate shear wall reduces displacement by 54.617%. The central shear wall reduces displacement by 68.72%. Lower level shear wall displacement is central. Shear wall at corner reduces storey drift in X direction by 49.374%. Shear wall at centre reduces drift by 39.716%. Shear wall at centre reduces drift by 2.638%. Lower story drift in central shear wall. Shear wall at corner base shear drift is 63.646% greater than without shear wall. Base shear is 64.006% higher with a middle shear wall. Shear wall at the centre increases base shear by 65.765%. Center shear wall has stronger base reaction.

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Mahajan, Varun. "Dynamic Behaviour Comparison of an Irregular Edifice with Different Locations of Floating Column and Shear Wall." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 1279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39507.

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Abstract: Architects nowadays develop attractive edifices, and floating columns are widely employed in this process. Floating columns are used not only to provide a magnificent perspective but also when a vast open area is necessary. Edifices with irregular configurations are more vulnerable to earthquakes and hence, suitable shear wall placement is required to ensure the edifice's stability. Many multi-storey edifices collapsed in seconds after the Bhuj Earthquake (Jan 26, 2001), due to the presence of soft stories, floating columns, and mass anomalies. As a result, knowing the seismic reactions of these buildings are vital for constructing earthquake-resistant assemblies. The relevance of a Floating Column and the existence of a shear wall in an irregular multistorey building is highlighted in this study. Dynamic seismic behaviour of a G+18 irregular edifice with different locations of the floating column and different positions of the shear wall is explored in this research. The edifice is analysed and compared with the model without shear walls and floating columns to examine the alterations. The dynamic analysis is carried out using Response Spectrum Analysis and storey drift, storey displacement and base shear are calculated and finally, software compression is computed for different zones. The analysis is carried out by Indian standardized codes IS 1893:2016 and IS 456:2000 which are the codes specified by the Bureau of Indian Standards for earthquake resistance edifice design and plain and reinforcement concrete design respectively. Keywords: Floating Column, Shear Wall, Irregular Edifice, Seismic behaviour, Response Spectrum Analysis, storey drift, storey displacement, base shear.

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12

Sayeed, Md Moavia, Dr Abhay Kumar Jha, and Barun Kumar. "Study of Structural Performance of Multi-Storey Regular and Irregular RC Buildings Located in Zone III Under Seismic Loads." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 845–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46283.

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Abstract: this analysis shows it is based on carrying the foundation of the shear and the level of performance of the building under the Indian severe zone. The result marks the conclusion that, in the case of a building with poorly constructed strength, it provides stability and attracts the storey shear. The soft computer software and commercial software CSI-ETABS is used for modeling and analysis

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13

Saxena, Sudhanshu, Lata Panicker, and Satyendra Gautam. "Rheology of Indian Honey: Effect of Temperature and Gamma Radiation." International Journal of Food Science 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/935129.

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Honey brands commonly available in Indian market were characterized for their rheological and thermal properties. Viscosity of all the honey samples belonging to different commercial brands was found to decrease with increase in temperature (5–40°C) and their sensitivity towards temperature varied significantly as explained by calculating activation energy based on Arrhenius model and ranged from 54.0 to 89.0 kJ/mol. However, shear rate was not found to alter the viscosity of honey indicating their Newtonian character and the shear stress varied linearly with shear rate for all honey samples. Honey is known to contain pathogenic microbial spores and in our earlier study gamma radiation was found to be effective in achieving microbial decontamination of honey. The effect of gamma radiation (5–15 kGy) on rheological properties of honey was assessed, and it was found to remain unchanged upon radiation treatment. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of these honey analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry varied from −44.1 to −54.1°C and remained unchanged upon gamma radiation treatment. The results provide information about some key physical properties of commercial Indian honey. Radiation treatment which is useful for ensuring microbial safety of honey does not alter these properties.

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Jayalekshmi, B. R., and H. K. Chinmayi. "Effect of Soil Flexibility on Seismic Force Evaluation of RC Framed Buildings with Shear Wall: A Comparative Study of IS 1893 and EUROCODE8." Journal of Structures 2014 (March 30, 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/493745.

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Conventional analyses of structures are generally carried out by assuming the base of structures to be fixed. However, the soil below foundation alters the earthquake loading and varies the lateral forces acting on structure. Therefore, it is unrealistic to analyse the structure by considering it to be fixed at base. Multistorey reinforced concrete framed buildings of different heights with and without shear wall supported on raft foundation incorporating the effect of soil flexibility are considered in present study to investigate the differences in spectral acceleration coefficient (Sa/g), base shear, and storey shear obtained following the seismic provisions of Indian standard code and European code. Study shows that the value of base shear obtained for symmetric plan building is lowest in buildings with shear wall at all the four corners.

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15

Modulevsky, D. J., N. V. Bukoreshtliev, and A. E. Pelling. "Calcium Release in Response to Local Nanomechancial Shear Stress Delivered by an AFM Tip." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S2 (August 2013): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613002201.

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16

Titiksh, A., and G. Bhatt. "Optimum Positioning of Shear Walls for Minimizing the Effects of Lateral Forces in Multistorey-Buildings." Archives of Civil Engineering 63, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2017-0010.

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AbstractShear walls are the most commonly used lateral load resisting systems in high rises. They have high plane stiffness and strength which can be used to simultaneously resist large horizontal loads while also supporting gravity loads. Hence it is necessary to determine effective and ideal locations of shear walls. Shear wall arrangement must be absolutely accurate, if not, it may cause negative effects instead. In this project, a study has been carried out to determine the effects of additions of shear walls and also the optimum structural configuration of multistory buildings by changing the shear wall locations radically. Four different cases of shear wall positions for G+10 storey buildings have been analyzed by computer application software ETABS. The framed structure was subjected to lateral and gravity loading in accordance with the Indian Standards provision and the results were analyzed to determine the optimum positioning of the shear walls.

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Wang, Xiang, Haiyan Jiang, Xun Li, and Jun A. Zhang. "Observed Shear-Relative Rainfall Asymmetries Associated with Landfalling Tropical Cyclones." Advances in Meteorology 2021 (March 10, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4676713.

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This study examines the shear-relative rainfall spatial distribution of tropical cyclones (TCs) during landfall based on the 19-year (1998–2016) TRMM satellite 3B42 rainfall estimate dataset and investigates the role of upper-tropospheric troughs on the rainfall intensity and distribution after TCs make a landfall over the six basins of Atlantic (ATL), eastern and central Pacific (EPA), northwestern Pacific (NWP), northern Indian Ocean (NIO), southern Indian Ocean (SIO), and South Pacific (SPA). The results show that the wavenumber 1 perturbation can contribute ∼ 50% of the total perturbation energy of total TC rainfall. Wavenumber 1 rainfall asymmetry presents the downshear-left maxima in the deep-layer vertical wind shear between 200 and 850 hPa for all the six basins prior to making a landfall. In general, wavenumber 1 rainfall tends to decrease less if there is an interaction between TCs and upper-level troughs located at the upstream of TCs over land. The maximum TC rain rate distributions tend to be located at the downshear-left (downshear) quadrant under the high (low)-potential vorticity conditions.

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Verma, Siddhnath. "Seismic Analysis of Circular Water Tank Designed by Indian Standard Code and Euro Code." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 635–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38464.

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Abstract: Water tanks are widely used for storage of drinking water. Water tanks and especially the elevated water tanks are structures of high importance which are considered as main lifeline elements that should be capable of keeping the expected performance i.e. operation during and after earthquakes. In this research paper, the analysis of the seismic behaviour of the elevated circular water tank by Indian standard code and Euro code is carried being carried out. The analysis is carried out on 35 cubic meter capacity elevated circular water tank in zone III and spectrum zone II and on three different soil conditions i.e. hard soil, medium soil and soft soil using ETABS software as per Indian standard code and European standard code. The results of base shear, base moment, storey displacement and storey drift are obtained from both codal provisions. Keywords: Elevated water tank, Seismic response, Etabs, Base shear, Base moment

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Verma, Siddhnath. "Seismic Analysis of Circular Water Tank Designed by Indian Standard Code and Euro Code." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 635–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38464.

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Abstract: Water tanks are widely used for storage of drinking water. Water tanks and especially the elevated water tanks are structures of high importance which are considered as main lifeline elements that should be capable of keeping the expected performance i.e. operation during and after earthquakes. In this research paper, the analysis of the seismic behaviour of the elevated circular water tank by Indian standard code and Euro code is carried being carried out. The analysis is carried out on 35 cubic meter capacity elevated circular water tank in zone III and spectrum zone II and on three different soil conditions i.e. hard soil, medium soil and soft soil using ETABS software as per Indian standard code and European standard code. The results of base shear, base moment, storey displacement and storey drift are obtained from both codal provisions. Keywords: Elevated water tank, Seismic response, Etabs, Base shear, Base moment

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20

Aparna Kalawate and Kiran M.C. "Effect of CSI Preservative on the Glue Shear Strength of Plywood Made Using Rubber Wood." International Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences (IJFAS) 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.59415/ijfas.v4i1.69.

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BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of chitin synthesisinhibitor (CSI) on glue shear strength of plywood made from rubber wood veneer. METHODOLOGY: Plywoodsamples were prepared using Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) resin mixed with lufenuron and diflubenzuron at 0.5, 1 &2% concentration. Plywood made with this glue was tested for glue shear strength in dry, wet and mycological stateas per Indian Standard. RESULTS: From the results it was found that samples conformed the prescribed values ofglue shear strength as per requisite standard. The study was limited to lab scale for testing the effect of CSI on theshear strength

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21

Chen, C., J. N. Florando, M. Kumar, K. T. Ramesh, and K. J. Hemker. "Mechanism of Deformation Twinning in Tantalum Driven by Extremely Dynamic Shear-Compression at Low Temperature." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S2 (August 2013): 1766–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613010829.

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22

Rajeev, Anupoju, Naveen Kumar Meena, and Kumar Pallav. "Comparative Study of Seismic Design and Performance of OMRF Building Using Indian, British, and European Codes." Infrastructures 4, no. 4 (November 19, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures4040071.

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In India, damage cause by some major earthquakes, such as India/Nepal 2015, Sikkim 2011, Kashmir 2005, Bhuj 2001, Latur 1993, and Uttarkashi 1991, have raised alarms to professionals. The probability of seismic risk is higher in more densely populated Indian cities, such as Bhuj, Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarkashi, as they come under the highest seismicity zone in India. Therefore, our primary interest is to investigate the seismic performance evaluation of the buildings in these seismic prone areas. Significant research has been conducted on the seismic performance of existing buildings. However, investigations on the seismic performance of a building with different country codes for the same earthquake event has not been explored, which is crucial in providing a deeper knowledge of the seismic performance of buildings. This paper presents a comparative study of an Ordinary Moment Resistant Frame (OMRF) building designed using three major codes, Indian (IS: 456-2000, IS: 1893-2002), British (BS: 8110-1997) and European (EC-2, EC-8). Six typical building models considered with earthquake (WiEQ), and without earthquake (WoEQ), and their assessments were interpreted using non-linear static analysis for determining their seismic performance. Seismic performance is compared in terms of base shear coefficient (BSC) and drift ratio that shows WiEQ models, at the drift ratio of 1.5%, the BSC was as follows; 0.78, 0.88, and 0.96 for the models designed for British, Euro, and Indian codes, respectively. The results show that the building models, that have been designed for the Indian codal provisions for both cases, performed well as compared to the other country codes. Base shear and drift ratio are the vital parameters that vary considerably among the building models. This aspect of the Indian code makes it a safer design methodology with higher reserve strength and a reasonably good displacement capacity before reaching the Collapse Prevention (CP) performance level.

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Weidner, Erik, Caroline Beghein, Quancheng Huang, and Nicholas Schmerr. "Upper mantle radial anisotropy under the Indian Ocean from higher mode surface waves and a hierarchical transdismensional approach." Geophysical Journal International 228, no. 1 (August 20, 2021): 78–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab340.

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SUMMARY We investigated the likelihood of radial anisotropy in the shallow and deep upper mantle, including the mantle transition zone (MTZ) under the Indian Ocean. Seismic anisotropy can be an indicator of mantle deformation through lattice preferred orientation of anisotropic crystals in the mantle. It has thus the potential to illuminate Earth’s dynamic interior, but previous seismic tomography studies have not achieved consensus on the existence of radial anisotropy below ∼250 km depth. We developed a fully nonlinear transdimensional hierarchical Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach to invert fundamental and higher mode surface wave dispersion data and applied it to a subset of a global Love and Rayleigh wave data set. We obtained posterior model parameter distributions for shear wave velocity (VS) and radial anisotropy ξ under the Indian Ocean. These posterior model distributions were used to calculate the probability of having radial anisotropy at different depths. We demonstrated that separate inversions of Love and Rayleigh waves yield models compatible with the results of joint inversions within uncertainties. The obtained pattern of VS anomalies agrees with most previous studies. They display negative anomalies along ridges in the uppermost mantle, but those are stronger than for regularized inversions. The Central Indian Ridge and the Southeastern Indian Ridge present velocity anomalies that extend to ∼200 km depth, whereas the Southwestern Indian Ridge seems to have a shallower origin. Weaker, laterally variable velocity perturbations were found at larger depths. The anisotropy models differ more strongly from regularized inversion results and their uncertainties were rather large. We found that anisotropy models from regularized inversions also depend on the chosen parametrization, which is consistent with the existence of a large model null-space. Apart from a fast horizontally polarized shear wave signal in the top 100 km, likely reflecting the horizontal plate motion due to asthenospheric deformation, no clear relation to surface geology was detected in the anisotropy models. We found that, although the anisotropy model uncertainties are rather large, and lateral variations are present, the data generally prefer at least 1 per cent anisotropy in the MTZ with fast vertically polarized shear waves, within errors. Incorporating group velocity data did not help better constrain deep structure by reducing parameter trade-offs. We also tested the effect of prior constraints on the 410- and 660-km topography and found that the undulations of these discontinuities had little effect on the resulting models in our study region.

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Piplodiya, Mr Uditnarayane, and Mr Arvind Vishwakarma. "Performance Point Determination Criteria of Multi-Storeyed Building with Highest Importance Factor." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 1725–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40980.

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Abstract: Every construction needs various parameters to model it and the most important thing need to assign is how much safe it is under different loading conditions. Due to increase in population, construction in India plays a very important role under the guidance umbrella of Indian Standards with the major safety for human beings. The structure should be strong enough that each element should be economic and strong. To check the structure with more live load present in it, highest importance factor should be selected for the same. In this project a G+18 Storey structure has analysed using shear walls at corners and total seven structural models have been created abbreviated as OSWA1 to OSWA7. Case OSWA5 fails in structural components, hence after modifications Case OSWA5a created. The project concluded that the performance point obtained is 35% with OSWA6 and obtained as efficient Case and will be recommended to reduce the overall cost of the project with highest importance factor taken as 1.5 as per Indian Standards. Keywords: Shear Wall, Opening Area, Axial forces, Durability, Highest Importance factor, Maximum Live load

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Mehrotra, Akhil. "Normal Value Ranges of LV Deformation, Rotation and Twist Parameters in Healthy Adults by 4Dimensional XStrain Speckle Tracking Echocardiography." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH 9, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.02.art009.

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XStrain 4D Speckle tracking echocardiography is a novel approach to address both the strain deformation and rotational mechanics of LV. The aim was to comprehensively present the normal value ranges of LV strain and rotational parameters of healthy Indian adults after assessment with this innovative technique. The study population comprising of 80 adults (58 males, 22 females; Group A < 30 years, Group B > 31 years) is revealing the values of Global longitudinal strain (GLS), Global longitudinal strain rate (GLSR), Transverse strain (TS), Transverse strain rate (TSR), Shear and Shear rate are greater in men than in women (p<0.01) and moreover in Group A, Global Circumferential strain (GCS), Global Circumferential strain rate (GCSR), Global Radial strain and Global Radial strain rate (GRSR) were similarly higher in men. Peak apical rotation, peak twist, twist rate and untwist rate values were again greater in men (p<0.01) and increased with advancing age. This is the first study to present a candid and comprehensive analysis of extensive parameters of LV strain and rotational mechanics in healthy Indian adults.

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Pathak, K., and A. K. Dutta. "Disregarding the Effect of Openings in Infill Walls in Indian Seismic Code: A Scrutiny." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 719–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.573.

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This study attempts to scrutinize the provision of IS 1893(Part–I): 2016 in neglecting the effect of openings in infill walls in the context of earthquake performance of the same. It evaluates the effect of openings as per FEMA-273 and ATC-40 and compares the result with the provisions of Indian code. The comparative seismic performance, in terms of base shear and top displacement, using the response spectrum of IS 1893(Part–I): 2016, is done on an irregular block of the Jorhat Engineering College old building situated in Seismic Zone-V. Two models of the frame structure are made in SAP 2000®. Modelling of infill is done as Equivalent-Strut, pin-jointed to the RC frame, the width of the strut taking care of effect of openings as per FEMA-273 and ATC-40. The width of the infill wall with openings is found to be 61.465mm whereas, without opening it is 503.80mm. In contrast, as per IS provision the width of infill is 486.27mm. Nonlinear Static Pushover Analysis is performed in SAP 2000®. The building base shear capacity for pushover analysis according to FEMA-273andATC-40 with infill is 10626.107kN and Maximum displacement is 0.042m. In contrast, provisions of IS 1893(part-I):2016 yield the base shear capacity with infill as 20231.365kN and Maximum displacement was 0.063m. An increase in base shear in the latter case may be attributed to the bigger strut width as per IS provision. The formation of plastic hinges is also more in the latter case. It is concluded that IS codal provisions resulted in a doubly stiffer structure.

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Kübel, C., H. Rösner, M. Peterlechner, and G. Wilde. "A Novel Experimental Approach to Determine Density Changes in Shear Bands of Metallic Glass by Correlative Analytical TEM." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S2 (August 2013): 1750–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192761301074x.

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Duvel, Jean-Philippe. "Initiation and Intensification of Tropical Depressions over the Southern Indian Ocean: Influence of the MJO." Monthly Weather Review 143, no. 6 (May 28, 2015): 2170–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-14-00318.1.

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Abstract Using ERA-Interim global atmospheric reanalysis, an original tracking approach is developed to follow tropical low pressure systems from the early tropical depression (TD) stage up to possible intensification into developed tropical cyclones (TCs). The different TC stages are identified using the IBTrACS dataset. This approach detects many more TD initiations compared to IBTrACS alone and thus gives a more comprehensive dataset to study the cyclogenesis by considering separately TD initiations and the probability of intensification. In the south Indian Ocean (SIO), the MJO modulation of the number of TCs is primarily due to the modulation of the number of TD initiations and secondarily to the probability of their intensification. The TD initiations are more probable at 55°, 75°, and 95°E and can be primarily attributed to the development of an unstable cyclonic meridional shear of the zonal wind at low levels. The reinforcement of this shear results from (i) a heat low, related to a precipitation anomaly, which triggers westerly winds equatorward of the initiation region and (ii) an easterly wind strengthening south of the initiation regions due either to a reinforcement of the subtropical high (for western and central SIO) or to a large-scale depression over the western Maritime Continent (for eastern SIO). Over the western and central SIO, the concomitance of precipitation and subtropical high anomalies at the origin of the shear reinforcement could be partly stochastic, giving a weaker relation with MJO and ENSO. Over the eastern SIO, the large-scale MJO (and ENSO) perturbation pattern alone can reinforce the shear, giving a larger modulation of the number of TD initiations.

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Azad, Ramakant, and Saraswati Setia. "Response of Different RC Slab Systems in Buildings to Seismic Excitations." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1236, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1236/1/012004.

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Abstract In the current study, the response of flat, grid and conventional slab against seismic excitation is studied and comparative analysis is performed to establish which among the three slab system would be most effective and safe in an earthquake scenario. The parameter such as storey displacement, drift, shear, and base shear of each slab arrangement is extracted from ETABS which is general structural design software for comparison. In the analysis, three different building specimen with the aforementioned slab type having length, width and height of 40m, 30m and 30m respectively are designed as per Indian design code IS: 456:2000 and analyzed as per IS:1893:2016.

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30

Sinha, Malavika. "Discussion on Hundru fall as a knick point, Iharkhand, India." Landscape & Environment 15, no. 2 (November 19, 2021): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21120/le/15/2/4.

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Subarnarekha River lies in the vicinity to the Ranchi mega lineament zone of Jharkhand State. This river links the Tamar Porapahar shear zone and North Singhbhum shear zone. The Hundru falls is the sudden and abrupt drop of elevation (longitudinal profile) of upstream of river Subarnarekha. The basic aim of this paper is to assess the Hundru falls as a perfect citation of an upstream knick point in Indian context. This paper covers the knick point formation of upstream of the Subarnarekha river. This upper catchment is more diversified in the terms of metamorphic and igneous rocks. This zone has crossed a long path with diversified lithospheric adjustment with epirogenic upliftment.

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Nageswara Rao, B., Niraj Kumar, A. P. Singh, M. R. K. Prabhakar Rao, D. M. Mall, and B. Singh. "Crustal density structure across the Central Indian Shear Zone from gravity data." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 42, no. 3 (August 2011): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.04.023.

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DAPOSCRUZ, E. "Palghat Gap ? A Dextral Shear Zone from the South Indian Granulite Terrain." Gondwana Research 3, no. 1 (January 2000): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1342-937x(05)70054-x.

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Kumar, M. Ravi, Dipankar Saikia, Arun Singh, D. Srinagesh, P. R. Baidya, and R. S. Dattatrayam. "Low shear velocities in the sub-lithospheric mantle beneath the Indian shield?" Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 118, no. 3 (March 2013): 1142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50114.

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Chaudhari, H. S., G. K. Sawaisarje, M. R. Ranalkar, and P. N. Sen. "Thunderstorms over a tropical Indian station, Minicoy: Role of vertical wind shear." Journal of Earth System Science 119, no. 5 (October 2010): 603–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12040-010-0044-3.

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Shirsath, Siddhant D., and Dr V. R. Rathi. "Analysis and Design of Steel Concrete Composite Structure and Its Comparison with RCC Structure." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43898.

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Abstract: Composite Structure is quickly gaining acceptance in India's non-residential multi-story building sector. The reason for considering composite construction is simple: Steel is best in tension and concrete is best in compression. Combining these two materials strengthens their structural properties, which can be used to create a highly effective and lightweight design. Steelconcrete composite building systems are formed by connecting the steel beams to the profiled deck slab using shear connectors so that they function as a single unit, and for columns steel section is encased in concrete. In this present work, comparative study of G+15 R.C.C and composite multistorey commercial building located in Earthquake zone IV is Considered by Equivalent Static Method of Analysis. ETABS 2018 Software is used for modelling of both the structure. Storey Displacement, Storey Drift, Storey Shear, Self weight, Axial force, Bending moment and Shear force are considered as parameters. When the results are compared, it is observed that the Composite structure is superior in every aspect. Keywords: Composite Structure, Composite Column, Composite beam, Deck slab, Shear connectors, Equivalent Static Analysis, ETABS 2018

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White, Thomas D., A. Samy Noureldin, Dwayne Harris, and John E. Haddock. "Evaluation of Long-Term Performance of Pavement Drainage Layers on I-469 in Indiana." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2045, no. 1 (January 2008): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2045-09.

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Subsurface drainage is important for long-term pavement performance. Rational procedures to analyze and evaluate the design, reliability, and effectiveness of subsurface drainage systems are needed in order for their use to be recommended with confidence. Three pavement subdrainage test sections were constructed in 1995 on the eastbound driving lane of I-469 in Indiana, at the northern junction with I-69, between Stations 150+05 and 173+40. Presented are the original laboratory characterization and mechanistic evaluation for permanent deformation and stability of the test sections employing finite element analysis. Triaxial tests were conducted on all pavement layers of the sections. Falling weight deflectome-ter evaluations in 1995 and 1998 are also presented. Such measurements are not available after 1998 because compliance with Indiana Department of Transportation safety regulations is required at that location. Finite element analyses were conducted by using laboratory-measured material properties to predict pavement response to falling weight deflec-tometer loads, compare predicted and measured deflections, examine layer shear stability for shear stress and strength, and predict rutting. Long-term pavement performance indicators up until 2007 (including international roughness index and ground penetration radar), after 12 years of heavy truck traffic, are also presented. Finite element analysis predicted very well the deflections measured by the falling weight deflectometer and accumulated rutting of the three test sections. Comparisons of shear stresses and strengths indicated that the sections were stable. All long-term evaluations indicated that all drainage layers in the study sections have performed their function adequately and protected the subgrade.

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Samanta, N., K. Dasgupta, and R. Khare. "Behaviour of Intermediate Moment Resisting RC Frame Structures Under The Influence of P-Delta Effect." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.591.

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Among the different categories of RC frames based on the implemented ductile detailing of the members, Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame (IMRF) is imparted with medium ductility capacity. Buildings with IMRF are intended to be used in Indian Seismic Zone III which refers to moderate level of seismic risk. Although past research has focused extensively on seismic behaviour of non-ductile and fully ductile moment resisting frames, very few studies on IMRF behaviour have been carried out. Also, the influence of P-Delta (P-?) effect on nonlinear behaviour of RC frame buildings has been studied to a limited extent. The present study aims to study the influence of imposed displacement pattern on the nonlinear behaviour of IMRF considering the P-? effect. Initially, single RC frame building five-storey with symmetrical floor plan, is designed as per the relevant Indian guidelines considering possible IMRF behaviour. Although the detailing of frames with medium ductility is absent in the current Indian Code IS: 13920-2016, the same has been carried out as per the draft IS: 13920. Displacement-controlled nonlinear static analysis or pushover analysis is carried out for the designed frames. For the distribution of imposed displacement pattern along the height of the frame, 4 different profiles are adopted, namely (a) parabolic as per IS: 1893 (Part 1) – 2016, (b) uniform, (c) fundamental mode shape and (d) triangular. It is found that under P-? effect, the initial lateral stiffness and base shear capacity get reduced for all the frames. The same can be correlated with the higher lateral displacement Thus, the absence of P-? effect causes overestimation of base shear capacity for the IMRF. The initial global stiffness predicted by the IS: 1893 (Part 1) – 2016 is the least among the lateral stiffness observed under all the load patterns. However, the uniform displacement profile provides the maximum base shear capacity of IMRF among all the load patterns.

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Kumar, Anil, Sundeep Kumar Antil, Vijaya Rani, Parvesh Antil, Dharmender Jangra, Rakesh Kumar, and Catalin I. Pruncu. "Characterization on Physical, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of Indian Wheat Crop." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 7, 2020): 2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052067.

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The absence of scalable and economically viable alternatives for managing residues coupled with shorter planting window and growing labour shortages and energy prices requires a sustainable solution for the crop residue management in northern India. As per “Need of the Hour”, the present research work focused on physical, mechanical, and morphological characterizations of wheat, which will help in further design of the low-cost straw combine. For this purpose, two varieties of wheat (HD-2967 and WH-1105) were used for the present study, as these are the prevalent varieties of Haryana state. The straw specimens were collected at harvesting period from a farmer’s field, which is located at a longitude of 75.64 and latitude of 29.15. The physical characterization of the crops was conducted on the basis of diameter, length, and thickness of nodes of straws. In contrast, the mechanical characterizations was performed by calculating the tensile and shear strength of the straws. The morphological analysis was performed by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The energy dispersive spectroscopy was performed to analyse the presence of constituting elements of straw. The statistical analysis showed that moisture content in the straw had a significant effect on tensile strength and shear strength.

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Bhunia, Dipendu, Vipul Prakash, and Ashok D. Pandey. "A Conceptual Design Approach of Coupled Shear Walls." ISRN Civil Engineering 2013 (October 9, 2013): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/161502.

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Earthquake causes considerable damage to a large number of RCC high-rise buildings and tremendous loss of life. Therefore, designers and structural engineers should ensure to offer adequate earthquake resistant provisions with regard to planning, design, and detailing in high-rise buildings to withstand the effect of an earthquake and minimize disaster. As an earthquake resistant system, the use of coupled shear walls is one of the potential options in comparison with moment resistant frame (MRF) and shear wall frame combination systems in RCC high-rise buildings. Furthermore, it is reasonably well established that it is uneconomical to design a structure considering its linear behavior during earthquake. Hence, an alternative design philosophy needs to be evolved in the Indian context to consider the postyield behavior wherein the damage state is evaluated through deformation considerations. In the present context, therefore, performance-based seismic design (PBSD) has been considered to offer significantly improved solutions as compared to the conventional design based on linear response spectrum analysis.

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40

Hou, Jialiang, Jia Luo, and Xiaohua Xu. "Influences of Different Factors on Gravity Wave Activity in the Lower Stratosphere of the Indian Region." Remote Sensing 16, no. 5 (February 22, 2024): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16050761.

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The gravity wave (GW) potential energy (Ep) in the lower stratosphere (LS) of the altitude range between 20 and 30 km over the Indian region (60°E–100°E, 0°–30°N) is retrieved using the dry temperature profiles from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate-2 (COSMIC-2) radio occultation (RO) mission from December 2019 to November 2021. Through correlation analysis and dominance analysis (DA) methods, the impacts of multiple influencing factors on the local LS GW activity are quantified and compared. The results demonstrate that in the central and northern part of Indian region, the three factors, including the convective activity (using outgoing long-wave radiation as the proxy) mainly caused by the Indian summer monsoon, the mean zonal wind speed between 15 and 17 km, the height range where the maximum tropical easterly jet (TEJ) wind speed appears, and the mean zonal wind speed between 20 and 30 km, have the greatest impacts on the LS GW activity. In the southern part of the Indian Peninsula and over the Indian Ocean, the mean zonal wind shear between 20 and 30 km plays a dominant role in the LS GW activity, which is due to the fact that the GW energy can be attenuated by large background wind shears. It can be concluded that the LS GW activity in the Indian region is mainly influenced by the Indian summer monsoon, the TEJ, and the wind activity in the LS, while over different local areas, differences exist in which factors are the dominant ones.

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41

Kolb, Jochen, and Franz Michael Meyer. "Balanced mineral reactions for alteration zones developed in auriferous shear zones of the Hutti Mine, Dharwar Craton, India." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 159, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 331–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2008/0159-0331.

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42

Du, Yan, Lei Yang, and Shang-Ping Xie. "Tropical Indian Ocean Influence on Northwest Pacific Tropical Cyclones in Summer following Strong El Niño*." Journal of Climate 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3890.1.

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Abstract In the summer following a strong El Niño, tropical cyclone (TC) number decreases over the Northwest (NW) Pacific despite little change in local sea surface temperature. The authors’ analysis suggests El Niño–induced tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) warming as the cause. The TIO warming forces a warm tropospheric Kelvin wave that propagates into the western Pacific. Inducing surface divergence off the equator, the tropospheric Kelvin wave suppresses convection and induces an anomalous anticyclone over the NW Pacific, both anomalies unfavorable for TCs. The westerly vertical shear associated with the warm Kelvin wave reduces the magnitude of vertical shear in the South China Sea and strengthens it in the NW Pacific, an east–west variation that causes TC activity to increase and decrease in respective regions. These results help improve seasonal TC prediction.

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43

Ma, Jie, Ming Feng, Bernadette M. Sloyan, and Jian Lan. "Pacific Influences on the Meridional Temperature Transport of the Indian Ocean." Journal of Climate 32, no. 4 (February 2019): 1047–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0349.1.

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In this study, low-frequency variability of the meridional temperature transport in the Indian Ocean is examined using a mesoscale-eddy-resolving global ocean circulation model for the period 1979–2014. The dominant empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of the meridional temperature transport is found to be highly influenced by Pacific El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) through both oceanic and atmospheric waveguides, with the southward temperature transport being stronger during La Niña and weaker during El Niño. A dynamical decomposition of the meridional streamfunction and temperature transport shows that the relative importance of different dynamic modes varies with latitude; these modes act together to contribute to the coherent ENSO response. The Ekman mode explains a larger part of low-frequency variability in overturning and temperature transport north of the equator. Between 25° and 3°S, variations associated with vertical shear mode are of greater importance. The external mode has an important contribution between 30° and 25°S where the western boundary currents impinge on topography. South of 25°S, the variability of the external mode contribution has significant negative correlations with the vertical shear mode, suggesting that the large variability of external mode depends on the joint effects of baroclinicity and topography, such that hydrographic sections alone may not be suitable for deducing changes in the meridional temperature transport at these latitudes.

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Kaushik, S., and K. Dasgupta. "Analytical Study on Seismic Behavior of Rectangular Shear Wall Connected to Floor Slabs." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.553.

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For construction of reinforced concrete buildings over four stories, structural walls are the predominant form for lateral load resistance under earthquakes. Current Indian seismic code for design of frame shear wall buildings (FSWB) do not explicitly consider the forces transferred from the floor slabs to the shear wall for seismic design. To assess stress concentration at the wall-slab junction region of the building and to observe the extent of possible damages in wall, slab and their junction region, nonlinear static analyses is carried out using ABAQUS program. Further, a wall-slab sub-assemblage is also analyzed to stimulate the observed behavior of the walls in the multistoried buildings and the behavior is compared with the isolated cantilever shear wall. The main intention of the study carried out is to study the behavior of the junction region between the shear wall and the floor slab and to develop a simplified but efficient analytical model to analyse a shear wall - floor slab junction. It is observed that the presence of floor slab at different levels along the height of slender shear wall tends to partition the wall into squat wall panels between two consecutive floors. Thus, an overall seismic design methodology for damage avoidance behavior of floor slabs in multistoried RC frame-wall building needs to be evolved.

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Rebetsky, Yu L., and R. S. Alekseev. "The Pattern and Possible Formation Mechanisms of Current Crustal Stress in High Asia." Russian Geology and Geophysics 63, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 726–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/rgg20204246.

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Abstract —The pattern of current crustal stress in central and southeastern Asia has been reconstructed from earthquake focal mechanisms by inversion using Rebetsky’s method of cataclastic analysis. The inversion provides constraints on principal stress directions, as well as on relative magnitudes of maximum shear and effective isotropic pressure. The crust of the High Asian mountainous province is subject to horizontal extension or shear in plateaus (East and South Pamir and Tibet) and to horizontal compression or shear in mountain ranges. The relatively high horizontal compression in the ranges is apparently due more to denudation and exhumation than to the pressure from the Indian indentor. Denudation and removal of clastic material from the Himalayan slopes has been a key agent that may compensate for the N–S crust shortening in central Tibet and the W–E stretching in eastern Tibet. The current stress field of High Asia has been mainly controlled by vertical buoyancy forces that arise by thickening of lighter crust and detachment of heavier lithosphere.

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46

Cui, Yusheng, Haibin Lü, Dawei Shi, Chuqi Xia, and Changming Dong. "A Comparative Study of the Landfall Precipitation by Tropical Cyclones ARB 01 (2002) and Luban (2018) near the Arabian Peninsula." Remote Sensing 14, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14051194.

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Considering the high risk of flooding during tropical cyclones (TCs), there is great practical significance in researching and predicting precipitation during TC landfalls. Using NECP FNL reanalysis data and GPM_MERGIR datasets, two TCs with similar trajectories, ARB 01 in 2002 and Luban in 2018, were analyzed. For ARB 01 and Luban, there are separate effects of wind shear at different heights on the development of vertical motion. Meridional wind shear affects the main deviation direction of vertical motion (downshear), while zonal wind shear mainly affects the deviation direction of vertical motion to the left or right of downshear. The divergent configuration of wind promotes the development of vertical motion. The influence of wind speed provided ideal conditions for ARB 01 to generate symmetric precipitation along its path when it made landfall. Additionally, more water vapor support was obtained from the southern Indian Ocean, which enabled ARB 01 to have a larger and broader average precipitation rate after landing.

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47

Deng, Li, and Tim Li. "Relative Roles of Background Moisture and Vertical Shear in Regulating Interannual Variability of Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillations." Journal of Climate 29, no. 19 (September 15, 2016): 7009–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0498.1.

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Abstract The interannual variability of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) is investigated using observed outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and ERA-Interim data for the period of 1980–2012. It is found that the interannual variability of BSISO intensity is much stronger in the tropical western Pacific (TWP) than the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO). A BSISO intensity index is defined based on a multivariate EOF analysis in TWP. It is found that strong BSISO years are associated with El Niño–like sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical Pacific, anomalous easterly shear, and enhanced background moisture condition in the region. Using a 2.5-layer atmospheric model with a specified idealized background mean state, the authors further examine the relative roles of background moisture and vertical shear fields in modulating the BSISO intensity. Sensitivity numerical experiments indicate that the background moisture change is most important in regulating the BSISO intensity, whereas the background vertical shear change also plays a role.

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Rehman, Khalil Ur, and KangLe Wang. "Analysis and Design of Steel Silo using STAAD.ProV8i." Babylonian Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2023 (March 20, 2023): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.58496/bjme/2023/003.

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Generally silo is a storage structure for heavy bulk materials such as cement coal, wood, food products and saw dust. Its design involves materials, geometry, and structural considerations. This research considered a special structure steel silo treated with myriad conventional and unconventional loading conditions, varied from some tonnes to many of tonnes which findings in uncommon modes of failure. Silo Specifications of 14m height and 3m diameter was designed with section ISMB 300 and ISA 70x70x10mm as per Indian standards. In addition, the plan and section of the silo wad done by the AutoCADD 2018 software. modelling, dynamic analysis and designs were completer in STAAD PRO V8i.Besides, the silo was designed as per Indian standards IS 800.The maximum axial force and shear force of the steel silo were 15.9 KN and 0.037 KN respectively. The aim of this paper was to determined the Plate stress, contour lines, and critical support of the silo, beam end force summary and steel take off of the silo structure. Generally silo is a storage structure for heavy bulk materials such as cement coal, wood, food products and saw dust. Its design involves materials, geometry, and structural considerations. This research considered a special structure steel silo treated with myriad conventional and unconventional loading conditions, varied from some tonnes to many of tonnes which findings in uncommon modes of failure. Silo Specifications of 14m height and 3m diameter was designed with section ISMB 300 and ISA 70x70x10mm as per Indian standards. In addition, the plan and section of the silo wad done by the AutoCADD 2018 software. modelling, dynamic analysis and designs were completer in STAAD PRO V8i.Besides, the silo was designed as per Indian standards IS 800.The maximum axial force and shear force of the steel silo were 15.9 KN and 0.037 KN respectively. The aim of this paper was to determined the Plate stress, contour lines, and critical support of the silo, beam end force summary and steel take off of the silo structure.

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Ritsema, Jeroen. "Evidence for shear velocity anisotropy in the lowermost mantle beneath the Indian Ocean." Geophysical Research Letters 27, no. 7 (April 1, 2000): 1041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999gl011037.

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50

Manglik, A. "Shear wave velocity structure of the upper mantle under the NW Indian Ocean." Journal of Geodynamics 34, no. 5 (December 2002): 615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-3707(02)00033-9.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Shuar Indians'

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