Academic literature on the topic 'Siblings. eng'
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Journal articles on the topic "Siblings. eng"
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Karjalainen, S., M. Teräsvirta, J. Kärjä, and H. Kääriäinen. "Usher's syndrome type III: ENG findings in four affected and six unaffected siblings." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 99, no. 1 (1985): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100096262.
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AbstractEng recordings showed abnormal findings in subjects affects by Usher's syndrome and in unaffected siblings. Unaffected subjects with hearing impairment may be heterozygote carriers with inner ears more sensitive to various injurious stimulti, e.g. noise, than those of healthy subjects. Vestibular tests may facilitate the detection of heterozygote carriers but the number of patients studied by us is too small to allow definitive conclusions to be reached.
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Blazo, Jordan A., Daniel R. Czech, Sarah Carson, and Windy Dees. "A Qualitative Investigation of the Sibling Sport Achievement Experience." Sport Psychologist 28, no. 1 (2014): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2012-0089.
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Sibling relationships are often regarded as among the longest lasting connections in a person’s life (Conger & Kramer, 2010). Sibling research has addressed topics such as socialization, support, and similarities and differences of siblings (e.g., Eaton, Chipperfield, & Singbeil, 1989; Horn & Horn, 2007; Whiteman, McHale, & Crouter, 2007). Scant attention has been given to how a younger sibling may be influenced by an older sibling’s sport involvement. The current study explored the lived experience of an older sibling’s sport achievement from the perspective of a younger sibling. An open-ended phenomenological approach (Kvale, 1983) was used to gain a description of the experience of sibling achievements in sport. Participant interviews revealed an overall thematic structure consisting of both positive and negative experiences: family influence, social influence, fondness, identity, abandonment, and jealousy. These findings broaden both sibling and sport literature, while providing valuable information for researchers and practitioners.
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Rossi, Elisa, Francisco Sanz-Rodriguez, Nelida Eleno, et al. "Endothelial endoglin is involved in inflammation: role in leukocyte adhesion and transmigration." Blood 121, no. 2 (2013): 403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-06-435347.
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Abstract Human endoglin is an RGD-containing transmembrane glycoprotein identified in vascular endothelial cells. Although endoglin is essential for angiogenesis and its expression is up-regulated in inflammation and at sites of leukocyte extravasation, its role in leukocyte trafficking is unknown. This function was tested in endoglin heterozygous mice (Eng+/−) and their wild-type siblings Eng+/+ treated with carrageenan or LPS as inflammatory agents. Both stimuli showed that inflammation-induced leukocyte transendothelial migration to peritoneum or lungs was significantly lower in Eng+/− than in Eng+/+ mice. Leukocyte transmigration through cell monolayers of endoglin transfectants was clearly enhanced in the presence of endoglin. Coating transwells with the RGD-containing extracellular domain of endoglin, enhanced leukocyte transmigration, and this increased motility was inhibited by soluble endoglin. Leukocytes stimulated with CXCL12, a chemokine involved in inflammation, strongly adhered to endoglin-coated plates and to endoglin-expressing endothelial cells. This endoglin-dependent adhesion was abolished by soluble endoglin, RGD peptides, the anti-integrin α5β1 inhibitory antibody LIA1/2 and the chemokine receptor inhibitor AMD3100. These results demonstrate for the first time that endothelial endoglin interacts with leukocyte integrin α5β1 via its RGD motif, and this adhesion process is stimulated by the inflammatory chemokine CXCL12, suggesting a regulatory role for endoglin in transendothelial leukocyte trafficking.
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Degeneffe, Charles Edmund, Lynn M. Gagne, and Mark Tucker. "Family Systems Changes Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Adult Sibling Perspectives." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 44, no. 3 (2013): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.44.3.32.
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The purpose of the present study was to gain an understanding of family outcome, adjustment, and needs following traumatic brain injury (TBI) from the perspectives of adult siblings. An American sample of 277 adult siblings of persons with TBI responded to the question, “What impact has your sibling's TBI had on your family (e.g., parents, other siblings, etc.)”? Responses were analyzed through constant comparative textual analysis. Responses were grouped into four themes including a) the consequences of providing care, b) family system impacts, c) evolved attitudes and beliefs, and d) how families provide care. From the perspective of adult siblings, TBI presents outcomes which both strengthen and compromise family systems. The uniqueness of the sibling bond reveals information about family systems not accessible through other relationships.
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Mendelson, Morton J., Eileen P. de Villa, Tamara A. Fitch, and Francine G. Goodman. "Adults’ Expectations for Children’s Sibling Roles." International Journal of Behavioral Development 20, no. 3 (1997): 549–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502597385270.
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This study assesses generally shared norms for children’s sibling roles by examining adults’ role expectations for older brother, older sister, younger brother, and younger sister. Subjects listed prescriptions and proscriptions for each sibling in one of 12 two-child families with target children designated as 4 and 1, 7 and 4, or 10 and 7 years old for each of four sex compositions. Subjects had more, and relatively more positive, role expectations for older siblings than for younger siblings. Expectations differed qualitatively for the siblings (e.g. teaching, help, protection, and caretaking were associated with older siblings, learning, deference, and admiration with younger siblings). As the ages of the target children increased, role expectations for the siblings became more alike in some ways (e.g. affection and aggression) but less alike in others (e.g. respect and annoyance). The sex composition of the pair minimally influenced subjects’ responses; yet sibling roles for same-sex pairs were more differentiated than roles for mixed-sex pairs. Subjects’ sibling status did not affect their responses. The study provides a detailed description of children’s sibling roles and supported the prospect of using role theory as a framework for considering sibling relationships.
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Lee, Chung eun, Meghan M. Burke, and Claire R. Stelter. "Exploring the Perspectives of Parents and Siblings Toward Future Planning for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities." Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 57, no. 3 (2019): 198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-57.3.198.
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Abstract Parents often provide the bulk of caregiving supports for their adult offspring with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Given the longer lives of people with IDD, however, such caregiving roles may transition to siblings. Thus, it is critical to conduct future planning among family members (e.g., parents, siblings) to prepare for the transition of caregiving roles. To this end, we interviewed 10 parent-sibling dyads (N = 20) of people with IDD about long-term planning. Both parents and siblings reported family-related and systemic barriers to developing future plans. Siblings (unlike parents) reported wanting more communication among family members about planning. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
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Kerrane, Ben, Shona M. Bettany, and Katy Kerrane. "Siblings as socialization agents." European Journal of Marketing 49, no. 5/6 (2015): 713–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-06-2013-0296.
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Purpose – This paper explores how siblings act as agents of consumer socialisation within the dynamics of the family network. Design/methodology/approach – Key consumer socialisation literature is reviewed, highlighting the growing role that siblings play in the lives of contemporary children. The authors’ interpretive, exploratory study is introduced which captures the voices of children themselves through a series of in-depth interviews. Findings – A series of socialisation behaviours are documented, with children working in both positive and negative ways to develop the consumer skills of their siblings. A fourfold typology of sibling relationships is described, capturing the dynamic of sibling relationships and parental approaches to parenting vis-à-vis consumption. This typology is then used to present a typology of nascent child consumer identities that begin to emerge as a result of socialisation processes within the family setting. Research limitations/implications – The role siblings play in the process of consumer socialisation has potentially important implications in terms of the understanding of the socialisation process itself, and where/how children obtain product information. Scope exists to explore the role siblings play as agents of consumer socialisation across a wider variety of family types/sibling variables presented here (e.g. to explore how age/gender shapes the dynamics of sibling–sibling learning). Originality/value – Through adopting a networked approach to family life, the authors show how the wider family dynamic informs sibling–sibling relationships and resulting socialisation behaviours. The findings problematise the view that parents alone act as the main conduits of consumer learning within the family environment, highlighting how parent–child relationships, in turn, work to inform sibling–sibling socialisation behaviour and developing consumer identities.
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Nelson, Kendra, and Leisha Strachan. "Friend, foe, or both? A retrospective exploration of sibling relationships in elite youth sport." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 12, no. 2 (2017): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954117694923.
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With the abundance of literature focusing on parental influence in sport, it is important to identify family dynamics that extend beyond parents to include siblings. In this study, sibling influence was explored through retrospective interviews with former elite youth female athletes (N = 4) and their sibling (n = 4) of the same sex who participated in the same sport. The purpose was to discover how siblings influence high performance sport participation. Two categories emerged from the data: positive experiences participating in the same sport (e.g. growth of relationship, development of understanding) and negative experiences participating in the same sport (e.g. sibling competition, emotional response). The participants’ descriptions coincide with observational learning and both deidentification and divergence processes. The data adds to the probable sibling experiences proposed in the Developmental Model of Sport Participation and provides insight on managing sibling relations in sport. Implications and practical applications of these findings are discussed.
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Miller, Jessica E., Kim W. Carter, Nicholas de Klerk, and David P. Burgner. "The familial risk of infection-related hospitalization in children: A population-based sibling study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0250181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250181.
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Objective To assess the risk of severe childhood infections within families, we conducted a sibling analysis in a population-based cohort study with genealogical linkage. We investigated the sibling risk of hospitalization with common infections, a marker of severity. We hypothesized that having siblings hospitalized for infection would increase the proband’s risk of admission with infection. Study design We used population data on Western Australian live-born singletons and their siblings between 1980 and 2014. Measures of infection were infection-related hospitalizations from discharge diagnostic codes. Exposure was having a sibling who had an infection-related hospitalization. Outcomes were infection-related hospitalizations in the child/proband. Probands were followed until an infection-related hospitalization admission (up to the first three), death, 18th birthday, or end of 2014, whichever occurred first. Infection risks were estimated by adjusted Cox proportional hazard models for multiple events. Results Of 512,279 probands, 142,915 (27.9%) had infection-related hospitalizations; 133,322 (26.0%) had a sibling with a previous infection-related hospitalization (i.e. exposed). Median interval between sibling and proband infection-related hospitalizations was 1.4 years (inter-quartile range 0.5–3.7). Probands had a dose-dependent increase in risk if sibling/s had 1, 2, or 3+ infection-related hospitalizations (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 1.41, 95% CI 1.39–1.43; aHR 1.65, 1.61–1.69; aHR 1.83, 1.77–1.90, respectively). Among siblings with the same clinical infection type, highest sibling risks were for genitourinary (aHR 2.06, 1.68–2.53), gastrointestinal (aHR 2.07, 1.94–2.19), and skin/soft tissue infections (aHR 2.34, 2.15–2.54). Overall risk of infection-related hospitalization was higher in children with more siblings and with older siblings. Conclusion In this population-based study, we observed an increased risk of infection-related hospitalization in children whose siblings were previously hospitalized for infection. Public health interventions may be particularly relevant in families of children hospitalized with infection.
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Yu, Tong Lei, Xiao Hui Deng, Michael Busam, and Yan Song. "Does relatedness influence the intensity of competition in Bufo gargarizans minshanicus tadpoles?" Animal Biology 67, no. 2 (2017): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-00002530.
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Kin selection theory predicts that mechanisms should evolve to reduce kin competition when this maximizes inclusive fitness. In this study, we tested these predictions by investigating the effects of relatedness on fitness-related metamorphic traits (e.g., length of larval period, size at metamorphosis, body condition and survival rate). We did this in a laboratory experiment by exposing individuals of Bufo gargarizans minshanicus to competition with full-sibling or non-sibling larvae. Although tadpoles seemed to grow slightly better in environments when their competition consisted of full-siblings than when their competitors consisted of non-siblings, these effects of relatedness on the growth and development were not significant. Therefore, we suggest that interference competition may be equally intense in in full-sibling and non-sibling groups.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Siblings. eng"
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Feltrin, Aline Beatriz Silva. "Relações familiares e habilidades sociais de irmãos de indivíduos com transtorno do espectro autístico : estudo comparativo /." Bauru : [s.l.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97461.
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Orientador: Olga Maria Piazentim Rolim Rodrigues<br>Banca: Silvia Regina Ricco L. Sigolo<br>Banca: Ana Lúcia Rossito Aiello<br>Resumo: Por meio do convívio diário, os irmãos podem adquirir habilidades sociais e cognitivas fundamentais para o desenvolvimento social saudável. As contingências que configuram estas relações podem ser diferentes daquelas a que estão submetidos irmãos de crianças com desenvolvimento normal ou irmãos de indivíduos com outros tipos de deficiência, o que justifica estudos envolvendo interações entre irmãos de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autístico (TEA). O acervo de investigações desenvolvidas na área, apesar de mostrar inconsistência de resultados, destacou, também, a relevância atribuída aos estudos envolvendo interações entre irmãos de crianças com algum tipo de deficiência. O objetivo precípuo deste estudo consistiu em avaliar, através de relato verbal, as habilidades sociais e as interações familiares de crianças que possuem um irmão com TEA, buscando investigar a influência do convívio com um irmão especial, comparando com crianças que possuem um irmão com desenvolvimento típico. Participaram do trabalho 10 crianças com idades entre sete e 12 anos, de ambos os sexos, as quais foram divididas em dois grupos: 1) indivíduos com desenvolvimento típico que têm um irmão com TEA e, 2) indivíduos com desenvolvimento típico que têm irmãos sem nenhuma deficiência diagnosticada. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados: Formulário de Informações sobre a Família, Formulário de Informações sobre o irmão com TEA (GOMES, 2003), Inventário de Rede de Relações (SCHWERTZ, 1994) e IMHSC (DEL PRETTE; DEL PRETTE, 2005). Os resultados demonstraram que tanto as crianças do Grupo 1 quanto as do Grupo 2 eram habilidosas socialmente quando comparadas à média geral da população, embora o Grupo 2 tenha apresentado escores um pouco mais alto do que o Grupo 1. Os dados referentes ao Inventário de Rede de Relações mostrou... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Through daily living siblings may acquire social and cognitive skills that are essential to a healthy social development. The contingencies that constitute these relations may be different from those that siblings of children with normal development or siblings of individuals with other types deficiences are submitted to, what justifies studies involving interaction among siblings of children with Austism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The lot of investigation developed in the area, despite showing inconsistency of results, also highlights the relevance given to studies involving interactions among siblings of children with some type of deficiency. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate, through oral description, the social skills of children that have a sibling with ASD, trying to investigate whether the living with such child interferes in the acquisition of their social skills. 10 children ranging from seven to 12 years-old, of both sexes, have taken part in the study; they were dividided in two groups: 1) individuals with typical development that have a sibling sith ASD and, 2) individuals with typical development that have siblings without any diagnosed deficiency. For data collection the following was used: form of information about the family, form of information about the sibling with Autism Spectrum Disorders (GOMES, 2003), network of relationship inventory (SCHWERTZ, 1994) and multimedia list of children social skills - Del Prette - SMHSC (DEL PRETTE; DEL PRETTE, 2005). The results disclosed that both children in group 1 and in group 2 were socially skilled if compared to the general average of the population, though group 2 has presented little higher scores than group 1. The data referring to the network of relationship inventory have disclosed that children of both groups could identify more positive than negative aspects in their relationship with family members... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Petalas, Michael Anthony. "Siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder." Thesis, Bangor University, 2009. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/siblings-of-children-with-autism-spectrum-disorder(433e6208-c6e9-4767-b48e-7d083c69f5af).html.
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Callaghan, Linda. "Growing up with autism : experiences and perceptions of neuro-typically developing sisters." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/growing-up-with-autismexperiences-and-perceptions-of-neurotypically-developing-sisters(dc248e51-e89b-4cf0-9cd2-133d0ea20d65).html.
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Research shows that raising a child with ASD makes considerable demands on family resources, yet the experiences of neuro typically developing (NTD) siblings of children and young people with ASD remain relatively unexplored. The findings of quantitative research are mixed and inconclusive and little is known about the processes that mediate and moderate the experience of living with a sibling with ASD (Hodapp et al., 2005; Meadan et al., 2010; Petalas et al., 2009). Further descriptive and exploratory research is indicated with participants of different groups to illuminate the multi-factorial nature of the phenomenon and help understand the apparent differences in individual experiences and outcomes. This study uses semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis to explore the self-reported experiences and perceptions of eight neuro-typically developing sisters, aged 10-19, who are also the sole NTD siblings in their families. Their parents were also interviewed to provide contextual information and to ascertain their views on the sibling experience. In addition to looking at their family life and sibling relationships, this study also explores school life and peer group relationships. Analysis suggests eight themes of sibling experience: Continuum of Perceived Challenge: Positively and negatively perceived aspects of having a sibling with ASD. Continuum of Acceptance; Coping and Resilience; Continuum of Relatability; Continuum of Positive Identity; Social world: Threats and Friends; Social Carer; Support. NTD sisters adopt a social caring role towards their sibling with ASD, that is different to that fulfilled by parents and transcends home and school boundaries. NTD sisters can be negatively affected by tension between home and school regarding provision for the child with ASD. Reconciling social persona with loyalty to one's sibling, developing a mutually satisfying sibling relationship and findings strengths and positive meaning in one's experiences, are associated with positive adjustment. Mother-daughter relationship and family beliefs and values are highly influential in the psycho-emotional adjustment of NTD sisters. Implications for the practice of applied psychologists and school-based professionals, in response to these findings, are explored and areas for further research are suggested.
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Royle, Nicholas John. "Reproductive decisions in the lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus and their effects on reproductive success." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4688/.
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The effect of several fundamental reproductive 'decisions' upon reproductive success were examined over a three year period at a large, inland gullery in the Pennines. Variations in reproductive parameters in relation to timing of breeding and reproductive success were compared among years. Determinants of the degree of hatching asynchrony were identified. Eggs from two years were taken for yolk lipid analysis, using gas chromatography. Variation in micronutrient content of eggs within clutches and between years was assessed in relation to egg size and yolk size, in order to examine resource allocation decisions of individuals. Timing of breeding of individuals was experimentally manipulated through the exchange of whole clutches of eggs between early and late laying birds, whilst controlling for variation in clutch size and egg-size, in order to assess whether the seasonal decrease in reproductive success was best explained by a decrease in food supply or differences in quality among parents. I experimentally manipulated the within-brood mass hierarchy of gulls, whilst controlling for variation in both chick quality and parental quality, in order to assess the effect of hatching asynchrony per se on chick growth and survival, and whether parents optimized the degree of hatching asynchrony with respect to the prevailing food supply. Brood size was experimentally reduced in order to assess the costs and benefits of the production of supernumary young. This was acheived by comparison of chick growth, feather development and chick survival of unmanipulated three-chick broods with broods where either the a-chick or the c- chick had been removed. I present a general discussion of the results within the context of life-history theory and a model for the evolution of hatching asynchrony in the lesser black-backed gull.
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Mukhwana, Tabitha. "How do young adults experience and understand the impact of growing up with a sibling with cerebral palsy within the Kenyan context?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/how-do-young-adults-experience-and-understand-the-impact-of-growing-up-with-a-sibling-with-cerebral-palsy-within-the-kenyan-context(ef9bbfd2-c940-4b1e-9c2b-16ab3a468803).html.
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The study explored the experiences of young adults who have a sibling with cerebral palsy living in Nairobi, Kenya in order to establish how they made sense out of the experience of growing up with a sibling with CP. The study used a qualitative approach with an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) whereby six participants all young adults aged between eighteen and twenty four years, were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was undertaken according to IPA guidelines. The findings generated four super ordinate themes namely: increased sense of reward, emotional impact, family relationships and public relations. The findings revealed that there was a direct impact on sense of psychological well-being both negatively and positively. On one hand, the young adults experienced feelings of stigma, fear about the future, anger and a sense of responsibility. While on the other hand they experienced personal growth in terms of a sense of personal development and some concrete rewards. In conclusion, the study demonstrated the potential for personal development in the group studied and made a contribution to understanding the disabling impact of society on the lives of sibling due to disability by association.
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Endo, Jun. "Mechanism and function of synchronized hatching in Pentatomidae (Insecta: Heteroptera)." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232287.
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Davies, Katherine. "'Turning out' : young people, being and becoming." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/turning-out-young-people-being-and-becoming(08722bf0-d001-47ac-bd2f-0c769110481a).html.
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This thesis explores young people's experiences of, and orientations towards, being and becoming. Using focus groups and interviews with participants aged between 11 and 15, the research investigates how young people form a sense of who they are and who they can become in terms of character, temperament, talents, intelligence, humour, appearance and so on. Particular attention is paid to the role of relationality, and especially siblingship, in these processes as well as to how young people themselves make sense of and theorise being and becoming. The research shines analytical and methodological 'spotlights' on key contexts, relationships and modes of thinking which highlight processes of being and becoming in new and interesting ways. A spotlight on the context of secondary school indicates how ways of being and becoming can be created and constrained by the particularities of the environment of school. A spotlight on being and becoming in a group of friends indicates young people's reflexivity about the moralities of being different to friends, despite the largely homophilous nature of these relationships, and reveals some of the ways in which young people's friendships can affect who they are and who they see themselves as becoming in the future. A spotlight on young people's sibling relationships fills a gap in existing knowledge about the role of lateral kin in shaping young people's lives and indicates how siblings can be a source of social capital (for good or ill) in school. It is also argued that being one in a series of siblings can 'fix' aspects of being and becoming in several ways, including through the construction of relational identities in families and through normative ideas about how siblings ought to behave. Finally, the thesis shines a spotlight on young people's understandings of modes of transmission and the nature of personhood, indicating how young people can think in nuanced and complex ways about how being and becoming works. Taken together the spotlights of this thesis indicate how young people form a sense of who they are and who they can become whilst embedded in webs of relationships through time. The thesis demonstrates that, despite being relational and contextual, processes of being and becoming can feel as though they become 'fixed' as the potential for how one can 'turn out' is limited. It is argued that the lay concept of 'turning out' evokes the idea that, although always continuing through time, we will one day 'turn out' and be 'finished'. As such, this thesis suggests that the concept of 'turning out' allows sociologists to think about being and becoming simultaneously. 'Turning out' also encourages an understanding of the social world that embraces ideas which can seem 'contradictory' in sociological terms - such as fixity and malleability, individuality and relationality or genetic and social inheritance. Finally, it is argued that 'turning out' denotes a broader understanding of personhood than those evoked in familiar sociological terms - such as the self, identity and habitus - and incorporates aspects of being and becoming that might otherwise appear somewhat beyond the social.
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James, Sarah-Naomi. "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and preterm birth as a risk factor : a cognitive-neurophysiological sibling-pair investigation." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/attentiondeficithyperactivity-disorder-and-preterm-birth-as-a-risk-factor-a-cognitiveneurophysiological-siblingpair-investigation(1defa252-0eb3-4718-8673-4ae79a074b5f).html.
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This thesis uses a multi-disciplinary approach to study cognitive-neurophysiological processes underlying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the underlying risk pathways from preterm birth to ADHD. In the first part of the thesis we use a measure of peripheral arousal (skin conductance) to better understand arousal dysregulation in ADHD and how it relates to cognitive performance. We show, using a large ADHD and control sibling sample, that ADHD is associated with peripheral hypo-arousal, and that a familial aetiology underlies the relationship between hypo-arousal and fluctuating reaction times, and between hypoarousal and ADHD. Our findings further suggest that peripheral hypo-arousal is an enduring deficit in ADHD, as it is observed in both ADHD remitters and ADHD persisters in our followup investigation. The second part of the thesis focuses on preterm birth as a risk factor for ADHD: we compare data we obtain from a new sample of preterm-born adolescents and their siblings to data from ADHD and control sibling pairs. First, we find that preterm-born individuals show several of the same cognitive-neurophysiological impairments as individuals with ADHD, but they also show further, additional impairments. Second, our results indicate that cognitive-neurophysiological impairments in the preterm group differentiate into those that are in line with a causal effect of preterm birth, and those that are not. Third, our findings further suggest that the association between ADHD symptoms and specific cognitive impairments is largely due to familial influences among term-born individuals, but largely due to non-shared effects (including preterm birth as an environmental insult) among pretermborn individuals. Overall, by using a combination of cognitive, neurophysiological, developmental and sibling-comparison designs, our findings provide new insight into arousal dysregulation in individuals with ADHD, and inform on cognitive-neurophysiological and aetiological processes that may underlie the association between preterm birth and ADHD.
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Hedin, Charlotte. "Microbial, immunological, phenotypic and genetic markers of risk : aspects of Crohn's disease that are shared by unaffected siblings." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/microbial-immunological-phenotypic-and-genetic-markers-of-risk(c013db9d-ef3f-4e91-b745-9e61b428eccc).html.
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Crohn’s disease (CD) is an incurable intestinal disorder in which an immune response driven by commensal gut microbiota leads to chronic inflammation. Why this occurs in specific individuals is unclear; however, a genetic predisposition is fundamental and relatives of patients with CD are at enhanced risk of developing CD. Accumulating knowledge relating to the genetic loci that predispose to CD raises the possibility of disease prediction and prevention in susceptible populations. However, the genetic basis of CD is complex, and genotyping alone is likely to be insufficient to predict disease risk accurately. Specific physiological abnormalities associated with CD, such as increased intestinal permeability and raised faecal calprotectin, are also abnormal in some relatives of patients with CD. By using the combination of genotype and biomarkers models of disease prediction become a realistic possibility, and may permit intervention to prevent disease onset. Furthermore, enhanced understanding of the genotype and phenotype of the at-risk state in relatives of patients with CD also provides insights into the earliest, pre-disease stages of the pathogenesis of CD. This thesis reports a case-control study comparing 22 patients with quiescent CD with 21 of their healthy siblings and 25 healthy, unrelated controls. In addition to genotyping each participant, the CD-risk phenotype was found to encompass alterations in the intestinal microbiota, blood T-cell phenotype, concentrations of faecal calprotectin and intestinal permeability. A combination of these factors could be used to discriminate healthy siblings from healthy controls. Prior to commencement of the case-control study, a detailed survey of the prevalence of probiotic and prebiotic use in the intended patient population was carried out. Furthermore, a subset of the participants in the case-control study subsequently undertook a 3 week open-label trial of oral prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin in order to assess the potential of prebiotics to influence the at-risk phenotype.
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Sin, Jacqueline Pui Han. "Development and preliminary evaluation of an online multicomponent psychoeducational intervention for siblings of individuals with first episode psychosis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-and-preliminary-evaluation-of-an-online-multicomponent-psychoeducational-intervention-for-siblings-of-individuals-with-first-episode-psychosis(25583c9f-dd5a-4ac5-baf6-b75cee1aafcd).html.
Full textBooks on the topic "Siblings. eng"
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Brothers, sisters, and special needs: Information and activities for helping young siblings of children with chronic illnesses and developmental disabilities. P.H. Brookes Pub. Co., 1990.
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Blanca, Strepponi, and Ortiz Carlos, eds. Mi hermana Lala. Libros de El National, 2001.
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Born to rebel: Birth order, family dynamics, and creative lives. Vintage Books, 1997.
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Born to rebel: Birth order, family dynamics, and creative lives. Pantheon Books, 1996.
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Campione-Barr, Nicole, Sonia E. Giron, and Christopher Odudu. Relational Aggression in Sibling Relationships. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491826.003.0014.
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Given the uniqueness of siblings, it is important to consider the presence and role of relational aggression within the sibling relationship. Due to the time spent together and the information disclosed between siblings, during conflict, such information could be used in threatening or relationally aggressive ways. Relationally aggressive actions do not pose a threat to end the sibling relationship, making it a safe relationship to practice such strategies. While parents are likely to be aware of physical aggression between siblings, and attempt to stop it, relational aggression may be difficult for parents to catch and address, reinforcing its effectiveness as a strategy of control. This chapter describes the developmental course of relational aggression within the sibling relationship, as well as associations between relational aggression in the sibling relationship and relationships with others. Finally, we highlight the conclusions and limitations of this research and offer ideas for future research directions.
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Hertz, Rosanna, and Margaret K. Nelson. Donor Sibling Networks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888275.003.0011.
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This chapter looks across the five featured networks that span thirty years. It opens with a discussion of the historical moments in network creation and the different developmental ages of the children in these networks. The chapter highlights aspects that vary over time, such as parents’ reasons for connecting, naming conventions, and uses of technology. It then turns to an examination of the kinds of interactions within the networks (e.g., transactional and generative) and also the importance of trust and validation that participants can find in the networks. It also discusses the complex consequences network participation holds for its members within all networks. Interpersonal dynamics emerge separately among the children and their parents. Mothers and girl children are more likely to maintain each network. Further, since network membership is never fully known, attempts by the kids to establish a social order and to develop close ties are always shifting and evolving. The chapter ends with a discussion of the place of the donor in the network.
Book chapters on the topic "Siblings. eng"
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Bird-David, Nurit. "The Sib Matrix." In Us, Relatives. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520293403.003.0007.
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Although in many tiny-scale forager-cultivator societies, residential cores comprise intermarried siblings, this pattern tends to remain invisible in ethnography. This chapter explores general causes of this ethnographic neglect (e.g., a large-scale-biased register that sees a hamlet’s members as residents and breaks a population down in terms of gender and age). It provides scale-sensitive ethnography of locals’ notions of a “good marriage,” the local scarcity of spouses, and the sib developmental cycle, with emphasis on visiting one’s married siblings; all aspects shed light on the sibling residential cores. Claude Lévi-Strauss famously suggested that the development of human society is predicated on men trading sisters for wives, instantiating exchange logic and alliance between groups. This ethnography illustrates a far different pattern: that of sequential sibling marriages that shape and reshape the contours of the forager group.
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Goldberg, Abbie E. "Navigating Openness and Contact in Child Welfare Adoptions." In Open Adoption and Diverse Families. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190692032.003.0006.
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Some children who are adopted via foster care have contact with their birth families (e.g., birth siblings), yet little research has addressed this. This chapter addresses the experiences of families who adopted their children through foster care, with attention to adoptive parents’ feelings and patterns regarding birth family contact. As this chapter details, many families involved in child welfare adoptions had complex feelings about openness. Some families had significant concerns that mitigated their willingness to pursue contact. Others were opposed to birth parent contact but, to varying degrees, were willing to pursue birth sibling contact. In some cases, contact was initiated but then halted temporarily or permanently because of the perceived risks and drawbacks associated with such contact. Yet amid a lack of contact, families often remained communicatively open with their children, and some did not rule out contact in the future.
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Klitzman, Robert L. "Choosing Embryos to Avoid Disease." In Designing Babies, edited by Robert L. Klitzman. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190054472.003.0006.
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Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) lets patients reject embryos with certain genes (e.g., for breast cancer, cystic fibrosis, or Down syndrome). Increasingly, researchers are also using whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing to identify genetic markers associated with other diseases. Doctors and patients can also choose embryos with certain immune system markers or human leukocyte antigens to enable the future child to donate stem cells or other tissues to an existing child with a severe disease and be a so-called savior sibling. This procedure has been used for sickle-cell anemia and beta-thalassemia. In the near future, CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) also will let doctors insert desired genes into embryos. But providers and patients struggle with when to use PGD, for which conditions, how to decide, how many times to attempt PGD if it fails, whether to select embryos to create savior siblings, whether patients should always be told the results of genetic tests on embryos, whether to test the fetus to confirm the results, and what to do with leftover embryos—whether to freeze, discard, or donate them.
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Windell, Maria A. "The Jacobs Siblings’ Black Hemispheric Geographies." In Transamerican Sentimentalism and Nineteenth-Century US Literary History. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862338.003.0005.
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The fourth chapter highlights the hemispheric imaginaries and sentimental skepticism of Harriet A. Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1862) and John S. Jacobs’s speeches and writings. The siblings challenge the North–South mapping of US slavery, instead embedding it in an East–West, antiracist, anti-imperial mapping that makes explicit the transamerican pressures shaping the dispossession of African Americans, Native Americans, and Mexicans. Their writings move not only along familiar abolitionist routes from South to North and the United States to Britain but also from North Carolina and New York to Florida, Haiti, Jamaica, California, and Mexico. As the foreclosure of Harriet’s journey to California at the end of Incidents suggests, however, transamerican sentimentalism here struggles to sustain even localized moments of connection. The Jacobs siblings’ writings highlight the challenges that complicate potential multiethnic, transnational alliances.
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van Leeuwen, Evert Jan. "The Usher Siblings: Rebels Without a Chance." In House of Usher. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781911325604.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses the Usher siblings as rebels without a chance, caught in a futile struggle to free themselves from their ancestral yoke. Vincent Price's Roderick Usher, to a large extent, conforms to the stereotype of the artist whose visionary imagination has given him an intuitive grasp of evil and profound knowledge of the future on which he has to act, while his skill and insight has simultaneously alienated him from society altogether, placing him in a position in which taking action becomes futile. Roderick is convinced that ‘evil is not just a word, it is a reality’, a social reality that cannot be measured by statistics, defined by laws, and policed by institutions because it spreads like a disease ‘malignant, cancerous’. It can only be eradicated by destroying the corrupted matter on which it feeds: the Usher family. Myrna Fahey's Madeline is similarly trapped in the Usher mansion, and, like her brother, a victim of her family's evil heritage; doubly a victim, as her brother plans to end the curse by sacrificing them both.
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Kay-Flowers, Susan. "Reactions." In Childhood Experiences of Separation and Divorce. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447338659.003.0006.
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This chapter describes children’s reactions to their parents’ separation and the changes it brought to their lives. It takes account of other family member’s responses, particularly those of parents and siblings since these often impacted on their experience. Children’s reactions are reported according to their age at the time of separation, enabling the reader to build on knowledge of their emotional responses gained in chapter 5, to develop a greater understanding of individual children’s responses. Accounts highlighted the impact of contact with their non-resident parent, facing multiple changes in post separation arrangements, feelings of divided loyalty towards their parents and siblings and the sense of relief when separation brought an end to domestic violence The level of accommodation of parental separation shown, emphasised the importance of children being able to maintain contact with their non-resident parent post separation and the benefit of post separation changes being minimising or at least the pace of such changes being managed.
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Öhrström, Lars. "Diamonds are Forever and Zirconium is for Submarines." In The Last Alchemist in Paris. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199661091.003.0011.
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The appearance of a diamond engagement ring in the long and convoluted love story between Botswana’s First Lady Detective, Mma Ramotswe, and the owner and brilliant mechanic of Tlokweng Road Speedy Motors, Mr J. L. B. Matekoni, seems to signal an end to this particular sub-plot, stretching over several volumes of Alexander McCall Smith’s bestselling and original series of crime novels (that we met in Chapter 1). However, a slight problem involving cubic zirconia is discovered, and the story lingers on until the next book in the series. Similar names for elements and their compounds are a nuisance in chemistry, but oft en arise historically, and zirconium is just one such example. Apart from the pure metal we have zircon and zirconia, all three of which have important applications. Zircon is zirconium silicate, with the formula ZrSiO4, and cubic zirconia is a special form of zirconium dioxide, ZrO2. The latter, as you may have guessed, is an excellent diamond substitute in, among other applications, engagement rings. We are not going to dwell on the details of the element zirconium, but you should know that within the Periodic Table it is located in the large middle chunk called the transition metals. You have probably heard of its cousin titanium, immediately above it, and a sibling, hafnium, straight down the ladder. Why do I call them siblings? Because in the Periodic Table elements in the same column tend to have similar chemical properties. In particular, in the family of transition metals in the central section containing 27 elements—each with a number of properties in common—the two lower elements in each column tend to be the most similar. The similar chemical properties of zirconium and titanium means that we can usually find zirconium where we mine the much more plentiful titanium, and also that once we have separated the titanium from zirconium there will be a small quantity of hafnium trailing along—an impurity that is much harder to get rid of. The sleek jeweller in Gaborone will not care if his fake diamonds contain trace levels of HfO2 mixed with the ZrO2.
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Wellman, Henry M. "The Baby Boom." In Reading Minds. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878672.003.0007.
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When and how do theory-of-mind understandings begin? This chapter assesses infants’ social understanding. Babies are not the mindless beings scientists and philosophers once thought them. Even in the first year of infancy, they have remarkable knowledge about their social worlds. This is not something babies gain innately. Instead, among their innate abilities is an extraordinary predisposition to learn, especially about their social worlds. Before age two, the end of infancy, children have a foundation for all the social development that is to come, setting the stage for the massive growth in social understanding seen in preschoolers. Like their preschool siblings, infants learn by careful observation and by putting pieces together.
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Schilsky, Michael L., and Pramod K. Mistry. "Inherited diseases of copper metabolism: Wilson’s disease and Menkes’ disease." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Timothy M. Cox. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0234.
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Copper is an essential metal that is an important cofactor for many proteins and enzymes. Two related genetic defects in copper transport have been described, each with distinct phenotypes. Wilson’s disease—an uncommon disorder (1 in 30 000) caused by autosomal recessive loss-of-function mutations in a metal-transporting P-type ATPase (ATP7B) that result in defective copper excretion into bile and hence copper toxicity. Typical presentation is in the second and third decade of life with liver disease (ranging from asymptomatic to acute fulminant hepatic failure or chronic end-stage liver disease) or neurological or psychiatric disorder (dystonia, dysarthria, parkinsonian tremor, movement disorder, a spectrum of psychiatric ailments). While no single biochemical test or clinical finding is sufficient for establishing the diagnosis, typical findings include low serum ceruloplasmin, high urinary copper excretion, and elevated liver copper content. Corneal Kayser–Fleischer rings may be seen. Treatment is with copper chelating agents and zinc. Liver transplantation is required for fulminant hepatic failure and decompensated liver disease unresponsive to medical therapy. Menkes’ disease—a rare disorder (1 in 300 000) caused by X-linked loss-of-function mutations in a P-type ATPase homologous to ATP7B (ATP7A) that result in defective copper transport across intestine, placenta, and brain and hence cellular copper deficiency. Clinical presentation is in infancy with facial dimorphism, connective tissue disorder, hypopigmentation, abnormal hair, seizures, and failure to thrive, usually followed by death by age 3 years (although some variants with a milder phenotype result from milder mutations, e.g. occipital horn syndrome). Treatment, which is only effective when presymptomatic diagnosis is made in a sibling after florid presentation in a previous affected sibling, is with intravenous copper histidine.
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Gordon-Smith, E. C., and Emma C. Morris. "Haemopoietic stem cell transplantation." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Chris Hatton and Deborah Hay. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0549.
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Haemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to the blood cell lineages and the cells of the immune system, and their transplantation may be an appropriate part of the management of conditions including (1) malignant haematological disorders (e.g. leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma); (2) bone marrow failure syndromes (e.g. aplastic anaemia); and (3) congenital disorders—(a) haematological (e.g. Fanconi’s anaemia); (b) immunological—inherited immunodeficiency syndromes; and (c) metabolic (e.g. lysosomal storage diseases). Transplantation of HSCs uses either autologous HSCs (patient’s own stem cells) or allogeneic HSCs (harvested from an appropriately matched sibling or unrelated healthy donor). Successful engraftment of allogeneic HSCs depends upon (1) overcoming immune rejection by the recipient; (2) preventing or suppressing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), in which donor cells mount an immune attack against recipient tissues; and (3) supporting the patient through periods of profound cytopenias and immune deficiency with susceptibility to infection. Identification and sources of HSCs—HSCs are principally identified by expression of the surface antigen CD34. Sources include (1) bone marrow; (2) peripheral blood—following stimulation by cytokines (e.g. granulocyte colony-stimulating factor); and (3) umbilical cord blood.
Conference papers on the topic "Siblings. eng"
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Sahroni, Alvin. "EEG features extraction during chloral hydrate-induced sedation (Study case: Single subject analysis between two siblings)." In 2018 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isitia.2018.8710768.
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Kong, Fang, and Fu Jian. "Incorporating Structural Information for Better Coreference Resolution." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/700.
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Coreference resolution plays an important role in text understanding. In the literature, various neural approaches have been proposed and achieved considerable success. However, structural information, which has been proven useful in coreference resolution, has been largely ignored in previous neural approaches. In this paper, we focus on effectively incorporating structural information to neural coreference resolution from three aspects. Firstly, nodes in the parse trees are employed as a constraint to filter out impossible text spans (i.e., mention candidates) in reducing the computational complexity. Secondly, contextual information is encoded in the traversal node sequence instead of the word sequence to better capture hierarchical information for text span representation. Lastly, additional structural features (e.g., the path, siblings, degrees, category of the current node) are encoded to enhance the mention representation. Experimentation on the data-set of the CoNLL 2012 Shared Task shows the effectiveness of our proposed approach in incorporating structural information into neural coreference resolution.
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Bennhold, Florian, and David Gordon Wilson. "Thermal Gradients in Discontinuously Rotated Rotary Regenerative Heat Exchangers." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-60354.
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We present a numerical analysis of the thermal behavior of a high-temperature rotary regenerator with a cordierite heat-exchange matrix which is rotated in an indexed fashion. Such an “indexing regenerator” has recently been proposed as a novel high-temperature high-effectiveness heat-exchange solution for microturbines and other heat engines. Our simulations indicate significant differences in the patterns of thermal gradient development between the indexing regenerator and its continuously rotating siblings (e.g. the Ljundstrom air preheater). These features are crucial in understanding the thermal stresses in the regenerator matrix, which in turn will allow designers to increase the longevity and overall reliability of such devices. In addition to the numerical analysis, we have used thermal-imaging techniques to support our simulations and examine in-plane thermal conditions on the inlet and outlet surfaces of the regenerator disk. The principal result of our study is an understanding of the development of thermal gradients in the matrix of an indexed-rotation regenerator. This understanding is fundamental to thermal stress management in the design and operation of indexed regenerators. Analysis indicates that, for the same operating conditions, indexed-rotation regenerators develop lower thermal gradients than continuous rotation regenerators, and thus have the potential for greater reliability. Design recommendations are made from the simulation and experience with a prototype unit.
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Cheng, Zhou, Chun Yuan, Jiancheng Li, and Haiqin Yang. "TreeNet: Learning Sentence Representations with Unconstrained Tree Structure." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/557.
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Recursive neural network (RvNN) has been proved to be an effective and promising tool to learn sentence representations by explicitly exploiting the sentence structure. However, most existing work can only exploit simple tree structure, e.g., binary trees, or ignore the order of nodes, which yields suboptimal performance. In this paper, we proposed a novel neural network, namely TreeNet, to capture sentences structurally over the raw unconstrained constituency trees, where the number of child nodes can be arbitrary. In TreeNet, each node is learning from its left sibling and right child in a bottom-up left-to-right order, thus enabling the net to learn over any tree. Furthermore, multiple soft gates and a memory cell are employed in implementing the TreeNet to determine to what extent it should learn, remember and output, which proves to be a simple and efficient mechanism for semantic synthesis. Moreover, TreeNet significantly suppresses convolutional neural networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) with fewer parameters. It improves the classification accuracy by 2%-5% with 42% of the best CNN’s parameters or 94% of standard LSTM’s. Extensive experiments demonstrate TreeNet achieves the state-of-the-art performance on all four typical text classification tasks.