Journal articles: 'Sick building syndrome (SBS)'

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Iskandar, Rini. "Kajian Sick Building Syndrome." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 3, no. 2 (March 25, 2019): 158–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/jts.v3i2.1286.

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Sick Building Syndrome merupakan salah satu istilah yang jarang digunakan di Indonesia sehinggabanyak orang tidak mengetahui apa artinya. Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) adalah istilah yangmengacu pada sejumlah gejala alergi yang mempengaruhi sebagian pekerja kantor dalam suatugedung selama mereka berada di dalam gedung tersebut dan secara berangsur menghilang setelahmereka meninggalkan gedung. Gejala-gejala gangguan kesehatan yang sering dialami pekerja yangbekerja dalam ruang kantor di antaranya adalah iritasi mata, iritasi hidung, iritasi tenggorokan, pilek,bintik merah pada kulit, sakit kepala, mual, batuk, dan bersin-bersin. Gejala-gejala ini dinyatakansebagai SBS apabila gejala tersebut minimal dialami oleh 20% dari pekerja kantor yang berada didalam gedung. SBS muncul apabila terjadi kondisi lingkungan yang tidak sehat di dalam ruang kerjaatau gedung. Hal ini didasarkan dari penelitian-penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh para ahli dalamgedung-gedung perkantoran yang memiliki berbagai fasilitas modern di dalamnya dan sistem ventilasiyang menggunakan air conditioning. Tulisan ini membahas gejala-gejala SBS yang dialami olehpekerja, sumber pencemar potensial dari dalam gedung, penyebab dan dampak dari SBS, studi kasusserta cara-cara pencegahan dan penanggulangan yang dapat dilakukan oleh para pengelola gedunguntuk menangani SBS. Dari studi kasus yang ditinjau ditemukan adanya gejala SBS di Jakarta,sehingga dapat dilakukan upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan yang signifikan. Dengan demikiandapat dicapai lingkungan kerja yang sehat yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja para pekerja, danmemberikan keuntungan baik bagi pekerja maupun bagi pengusaha.

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Nikic, Dragana, and Dusica Stojanovic. "Sick building syndrome: A disease of modern age." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 132, no. 7-8 (2004): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0408240n.

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Sick building syndrome (SBS) is a term used to describe situation in building when more than 30% of occupants suffer from various symptoms which tend to increase by severity during the time people spend in "sick" building and disappear when they leave the building. Typical cases of SBS report vague symptoms, which cannot be objectively measured, and sufferers usually show no clinical signs of illness. Symptom heterogeneity suggests that they do not represent a single disorder. The objective of our study was to establish if SBS is present in our town because new buildings have been built lately producing the artificial environment - exclusively artificial lightning and mechanical ventilation. A total of 812 subjects were included in our study. The investigation of SBS was performed by standardized questionnaires to determine the prevalence of symptoms and complaints. Questionnaires were used to collect data on perception of environment conditions and health during the period they work in this building. The subjects were divided in three groups according to sex, level of education and ownership. Our data suggested that the incidence of symptoms was higher in employers than in owners of the offices. Moreover, the prevalence of SBS was very high - up to 74.76%. It is obvious that certain physical, psychological and organizational factors are involved in the incidence of symptoms, but our investigation suggests that physical factor has a dominant role in development of symptoms, particularly low humidity and low air flow. In addition, our judgment is that SBS exists in our city, probably in the whole country and, therefore, it must be investigated properly.

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Mawarni, Fahruniza Meiga, Mona Lestari, Yuanita Windusari, Desheila Andarini, Anita Camelia, Rizka Faliria Nandini, and Poppy Fujianti. "Keluhan Sick Building Syndrome di Gedung PT. X." Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia 20, no. 1 (November 26, 2020): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkli.20.1.39-46.

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Latar Belakang : Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) merupakan kumpulan gejala yang dialami oleh seseorang atau perasaan tidak sehat tanpa penyebab yang jelas saat melakukan pekerjaan di dalam gedung dan akan menghilang saat seseorang meninggalkan gedung tersebut. Sirkulasi udara yang tidak baik, ditambah dengan adanya faktor fisik, kimia, biologi, dan individu, serta faktor lingkungan lainnya yang terdapat di dalam suatu bangungan dapat menjadi penyebab terjadinya SBS. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi keluhan SBS pada karyawan di gedung PT. X Palembang.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi cross sectional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 107 karyawan yang terpilih sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi yang telah ditetapkan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat untuk melihat gambaran keluhan SBS, usia, jenis kelamn, masa kerja, suhu, pencahayaan dan kembaban, serta analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi-square dan uji alternatif fisher exact untuk melihat pengaruh faktor risiko terhadap keluhan SBS.Hasil : Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa prevalensi keluhan SBS sebesar 75,7%, dengan usia terbanyak ≤40 tahun (80,4%), didominasi oleh laki-laki (60,7%), dengan masa kerja paling banyak ≥5 tahun (62,6%), serta lingkungan kerja dengan suhu, pencahayaan, dan kelembaban yang tidak memenuhi syarat secara berurutan sebesar 18,7%, 49,5%, dan 36,4%.Simpulan: Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukan bahwa kelembaban mempengaruhi terjadinya keluhan SBS pada karyawan PT. X Palembang (p-value = 0,005). Untuk menyeimbangkan kualitas udara di dalam ruangan, salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan meletakkan tanaman sanseviera sebagai menyeimbang dan penyerap polutan di dalam ruangan. ABSTRACT Tittle : Sick Building Syndrome Complain in PT. X BuildingBackground : Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) is a syndrome where people experience unexplained malaise symptoms while working in a building that will disappear once they leave the building. Poor air circulation combined with the presence of physical, chemical, biological and individual factors, and other environmental factors within a building may cause SBS. This study aimed to determine factors that influence SBS complain among employees of PT. X in Palembang.Method : This study used a qualitative approach with cross sectional study design. The research sample was 107 employees selected according to inclusive and exclusive criteria. The data analysis methods in the study are univariate analysis to describe SBS complain, age, sex, years of service, temperature, lighting and humidity. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test and fisher exact alternative test to determine risk factors influence to SBS complain.Result : The prevalence of SBS complain in the study is 75,7%, with ≤40 as majority age (80,4%), dominated by male workers (60,7%), with ≥5 years as the largest portion of years of service (62,6%), and work environment with temperature, lighting, and humidity that is not adequate 18,7%, 49,5%, and 36,4% respectively.Conclusion : Bivariate analysis showed that humidity influenced the occurrence of SBS complain in PT.X Palembang (p-value = 0,005). To balance out indoor air quality, one of countermeasures that can be applied is to place sansevieria plant as indoor pollutants absorber.

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Afolabi, Adedeji O., Akpa Arome, and Faith T. Akinbo. "Empirical Study on Sick Building Syndrome from Indoor Pollution in Nigeria." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, E (April 25, 2020): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.3785.

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There are rising cases of building occupants with health-related challenges such as irritation, asthma, lung infections, headaches, and other allergies. These health conditions sometimes disappear once the occupants live such buildings which are referred to as sick building syndrome (SBS). With the high fatality rate associated with air pollution and Nigeria ranking 4th in the poorest air quality globally, the study assessed SBS from indoor pollution in residential and office spaces. The study utilized a cross-sectional survey research design and employed the use of an air quality detector to measure a 24-h mean measurement of air conditions within the study area. The study was carried out in Zaria, Kaduna State. Statistical tools such as graphs, mean score, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and correlation matrix were used to analyze the dataset. The study showed that the major symptoms associated with SBS from indoor pollution. The indoor conditions that may contribute to SBS in the residential and office spaces were mainly lighting conditions, headroom in the building, and position of windows. While the study reported that the presence of SBS from indoor pollution can lead to increased maintenance, dizziness, and depression/breakdown. The measurement of the indoor pollutants contributing to the SBS among residential and office space occupants showed that PM2.5 and PM10 were mostly above the average 24-h mean standard. The study suggested recommendations to improve indoor air quality and reduce syndromes associated with sick buildings.

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Kalaithasan, Keshihakumar, N. A. M. Radzi, and H. Z. Abidin. "Internet of Things Application in Monitoring Sick Building Syndrome." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i2.pp505-512.

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Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) is a health condition whereby a patient is presented with either vague temporary symptoms such as fatigue, aches and sensitivity to odour or more significant temporary symptoms such as itchy eyes, skin rashes and nasal allergy when they are in a building. Numerous factors have been associated with SBS, but the lack of an accurate diagnosis for these symptoms make treatment more difficult, as risk of treating the patient with wrong diagnosis is relative when the cause root is not known. Thus, taking a preventive approach is a more viable solution to the problem. In this paper, a simple, mobile and cost efficient Internet of Things (IoT) based SBS system is proposed. The system is built using Raspberry Pi minicomputer that would then be integrated with an IoT middleware. The middleware would enable the user to monitor parameters that are to be tested; which are temperature, humidity, light, sound and dust. Three IoT middleware are used to evaluate which one works best for the SBS system proposed. The combination of recorded sensor data would then be used to determine whether or not the building is causing SBS to the occupant. The studies show that FavorIoT platform is the most suitable IoT platform to be used with the SBS system and the system has successfully identified whether or not a building is causing SBS.

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Gladyszewska-Fiedoruk, Katarzyna. "Survey Research of Selected Issues the Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) in an Office Building." Environmental and Climate Technologies 23, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2019-0050.

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Abstract The reason why the Sick Building Syndrome appears is not enough flow of the fresh air going into the rooms. It could cause various ailments, although it is difficult to determine their source and the symptoms disappear soon after leaving the building. The paper discusses the sources of the indoor air pollution, symptoms of Sick Building Syndrome and shows the solutions how to avoid the phenomena of “sick” buildings. In addition, the results of questionnaire surveys on the well-being of employees, which were carried out in an office building in Warsaw, were presented. The vast majority of respondents in the building spend 8 hours, during which their well-being deteriorates. More than half of the respondents felt typical symptoms of the Sick Building Syndrome. To avoid the formation of “sick building” should be replaced regularly air. The exchange method is not important.

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Savanti, Fisa, Gagoek Hardiman, and Erni Setyowati. "Pengaruh Ventilasi Alami Terhadap Sick Building Syndrome." ARSITEKTURA 17, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/arst.v17i2.30440.

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<p><em>The number of buildings that use air conditioner (AC), causing a lack of air change rate from the outside into the room or vice versa that can reduce indoor air quality. A bad indoor air quality is often give rise to complaints on its occupants called the "Sick Building Syndrome" (SBS). The presence of ventilation is expected to improve air quality and increase user comfort and wellness rooms. Therefore, the research on the influence of natural ventilation against sick building syndrome (SBS) is needed. This research was conducted with quantitative-descriptive methods with direct measurements of temperature, humidity and vloumetric air flow rate on samples of objects namely RSND clinic waiting room on the 2nd floor. As for analysis is carried out descriptively based on recommended standards. The purpose of doing this research is to know the influence of natural ventilation to the indoor air quality towards sick buiding syndrome. The result of this research show that the temperature, humidity and the clean air needs of the room doesn’t meet the standarts, meanwhile the air change per hour meet the standarts on some spots. So, there is some influence of the use of natural ventilation that can improve the indoor air quality which is relating to sick building syndrome.</em></p>

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Karlina, Putri Maysi, Rafiah Maharani, and Dyah Utari. "Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Gejala Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)." JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT : Media Komunikasi Komunitas Kesehatan Masyarakat 13, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52022/jikm.v13i1.126.

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Abstrak Latar Belakang: Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) merupakan kumpulan gejala yang dirasakan oleh orang-orang yang berada di dalam gedung. Manusia menghabiskan 70-80% waktunya di dalam ruangan, hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan masalah kesehatan seperti kelelahan dan berdampak pada efektifitas pada pekerjaan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pendingin ruangan atau AC, ventilasi, pencahayaan, suhu, kelembaban, bising, umur, jenis kelamin, psikososial dan masa kerja dengan SBS. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan Studi Literature Review. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara penelusuran data dengan topik faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan sick building syndrome seperti pencahayaan dan suhu. Penelusuran dilakukan melalui Google Scholar tahun 2013 – 2020. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AC, ventilasi, psikososial, pencahayaan, suhu, kelembaban dan kebisingan, umur dan jenis kelamin, serta masa kerja merupakan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan secara signifikan dengan Sick building syndrome. Kesimpula: hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara SBS dengan pendingin ruangan atau AC, ventilasi, pencahayaan, suhu, kelembaban, bising, umur, jenis kelamin, psikososial dan masa kerja. Saran pekerja melakukan olahraga secara teratur dan tidak melakukan pekerjaan yang berlebihan. Instansi terkait melakukan pemeriksaan dan perawatan secara rutin peralatan dan perlengkapan kerja. Factors Related to Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Abstract Background: Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) is a collection of symptoms felt by people living in a building. Indoors, people spend 70-80 per cent of their time, this can cause health issues like fatigue and affect productivity in the workplace. The purpose is determine whether a relationship exists between air conditioners, ventilation, lighting, temperature, humidity, noise, age, gender, psychosocial and work period with sick building syndrome. Methods: This Study is a literature review study. The study that tracks data of factors related to sick building syndrome like lighting and temperature. The data tracking with Google Scholar published in 2013-2020. Result: The results showed that air conditioning, ventilation, psychosocial conditions, lighting, temperature, humidity and noise, age and sex, and years of service were all factors that were significantly associated with Sick Building Syndrome. Conclusion: The study showed a relationship between air conditioners, ventilation, lighting, temperature, humidity, noise, age, sex, psycho-social and work period with sick building syndrome. Reccomended to workers do daily exercise and do not unnecessary work. Routine inspection and repair of equipment and materials for work is carried out by the company.

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Daryanto, Daryanto. "Dampak Sistem Penghawaan dan Pencahayaan terhadap Sick Building Syndrome." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v4i2.2676.

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Activities of office workers are most spent indoors. Unwittingly office buildings and enclosed spaces with air conditioning system usually do not have good ventilation and allow natural lighting. This condition may cause sick building syndrome (SBS). It is a collection health issues arising in relation to the time spent in a building and the air quality. A study was conducted through a literature review and field observations to obtain the impacts of SBS, as well as the prevention and solution of architectural aspects. From the results of the study, it was obtained that printer, computer, cigarette smoke, building materials, etc., gave rise to free radicals. Theair polluted by free radicals may cause medical problems such as headaches, eye irritation, quickly tired and weary body, runny nose, itchy throat, difficulty in concentrating, dry skin and dry cough. This research is expected to improve the quality of life of workers that can be started from the improved quality of health.

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Barbu, Bogdan-Alexandru, Zizi Niculescu, and Laura-Georgiana Moise. "Sick building syndrome, a crossroad in modern occupational medicine assessment." Romanian Journal of Occupational Medicine 69, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjom-2018-0002.

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Abstract Sick building syndrome (SBS) is a complex syndrome consisting of non-specific symptoms with an onset associated with subjects’ presence in some modern building and the disappearance of symptoms shortly after they leave it. The effects of SBS may be the result of a series of protective reactions of the human body triggered by various types of surrounding environment, further suggesting that the human response could be based on a three-phase biological model: sensory perception, low degree inflammatory reactions and environmental stress reactions. Besides stress created by the discomfort of people who develop symptoms, SBS is the cause of an extensive loss of productivity, sickness absenteeism, wasted time in complaints with all the legal punitive issues that arise from them. The subjects diagnosed with SBS are hard to follow-up over time due to workers often leaving their jobs and being lost from cohort databases. Achieving a reputation of a “sick building” may prove difficult to rehabilitate even after expensive repairs and upgrades. In extreme cases closure and even demolition can occur. SBS is an evolving concept and this review we will present part of this evolution and what are the major challenges for its definition.

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Aryadni, Endah, Juanda Juanda, and Imam Santoso. "Faktor Fisik dan Biologi dengan Keluhan Sick Building Syndrome." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan 15, no. 2 (September 15, 2019): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/jkl.v15i2.50.

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Abstract: Physical And Biology Factor with Sick Building Syndrome Subjective Complaint. One of disturbance health phenomenalism that linked to air quality is Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). SBS is symptom collections whom felt by employeer in a work room that linked to duration of work and air quality. This research used explanatory research by cross sectional approachment. Total population used to sample collection that count of 44 respondents. Research variable for unimpeded variables were temperature, humidity, illumination, amount of air bacteria, age, work duration per day and year of work whereas impeded variable was Sick Building Syndrome subjective complaint. Technical of data collection were measuring, observation and quiz. Data analyze method used univariat analyze with descriptive, and bivariat analyze with spearman’s rho correlation. Outcome of research showed that there were no relation between temperature with p value 0,716 > 0,05, humidity with p value 0,818 > 0,05, illumination with p value 0,529 > 0,05 and amount of air bacteria with p value 0,759 > 0,05 to SBS subjective complaint in office work room of RRI Banjarmasin.

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Hoang Quoc, Cuong, Giang Vu Huong, and Hai Nguyen Duc. "Working Conditions and Sick Building Syndrome among Health Care Workers in Vietnam." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 21, 2020): 3635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103635.

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Background: Little is known about risk factors for sick building symptoms (SBS) among health care workers (HCWs) who often face the workload, exposure to chemicals, and biological contaminants in the workplace. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between SBS and the symptoms among HCWs. Methods: A total of 207 HCWs were recruited in a large hospital-based cross-sectional survey between March and June 2017, southern Vietnam. Face-to-face interviews were conducted for collecting data on demographics, SBS-related symptoms, working environments, and conditions. Indoor environmental conditions were measured. SBS scores, ranging from 0 to 24, were determined by a sum of the scores of general symptoms, mucosal irritation, and skin symptoms; multivariate regression analyses and the Lindeman, Merenda, and Gold (LMG) test were used to investigate the predictors and its impact on the SBS. Results: A mean SBS score was 9.7 (range: 1–21). Compared with males, females were more likely to report higher SBS scores (10.2 vs. 7.9, p < 0.001). Being female, atopy, varying temperature room, stuffy “bad” air dust, and dirt had higher SBS scores of 2.0; 1.8; 1.7; 1.9; 3.8, respectively. LMG test showed that dust and dirt, and stuffy “bad” air were the predominant risk factors for SBS. Conclusions: Our study reveals that working conditions are important and significantly associated with SBS. Taken together with our findings, the working condition criteria approach trained for architects, builders, owners, and maintenance of the building is highly recommended for indoor air quality improvement. Furthermore, larger-sample studies about working condition are urgently needed to better manage SBS.

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Ilinskaya, Olga, Alina Bayazitova, and Galina Yakovleva. "Biocorrosion of materials and sick building syndrome." Microbiology Australia 39, no. 3 (2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma18040.

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The problem of biological damage of mineral building materials and structures based on them is multifaceted and covers all types of industry. The most destructive biocorrosion impacts are on building materials in cities with a large water area. Various types of microorganisms, including pathogens, and especially the filamentous fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, etc., occupy the surfaces of mineral building materials, cause their destruction, disturb the ecological balance of cities and endanger the human health. The term ‘sick building syndrome' (SBS) is used to describe a situation when the residents of a building experience acute health- or comfort-related effects that seem to be linked directly to the time spent in the building wherein no specific illness or cause can be identified. Biological contaminants, in particular micromycetes, can present one of the possible causes of SBS. Here, we assessed the biodeterioration level of structural materials on the basis of fine-grained concrete widely used in construction practice and architecture. First, we determined the strength characteristics of the material that has been biologically damaged; second, we identified the damaging micromycetes and analysed their metabolic activity related both to the induction of biocorrosion and to the impacts of fungi on human health. Applying a new integrated approach, which combines methods of molecular microbiology and genetic toxicology with standard methods for determining the strength of building structures, we confirmed the relation between biodestructive and pathogenic properties of micromycete isolates.

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Harwani, Novi Poni, Sartika Fathir Rahman, and Baharuddin Sunu. "ANALISIS FAKTOR DEMOGRAFI DAN ERGONOMI TERHADAP KEJADIAN GEJALA FISIK SICK BUILDING SYNDROM (SBS) PADAPEGAWAI GEDUNG REKTORAT UMI KOTA MAKASSAR." Sulolipu: Media Komunikasi Sivitas Akademika dan Masyarakat 20, no. 1 (August 19, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32382/sulolipu.v20i1.1479.

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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tahun 1991 mengatakan sindrom ini timbul berkaitan dengan waktu yang dihabiskan seseorang dalam sebuah bangunan, namun gejalanya tidak spesifik dan penyebabnya tidak bisa dindetikasi. Sick Building Syndrome adalah suatu kondisi yang berhubungan dengan keluhan ketidaknyamanan seperti pusing, mual, dermatitis, iritasi saluran tenggorakan, hidung, mata, dan saluran pernapasan, batuk, sulit konsentrasi, mual terhadap bau-bau, sakit/pegal otot-otot dan letih (Nasri, dkk, 1998). Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui faktor Demografi (umur, jenis kelamin, masa kerja, merokok, kondisi psikososial) dan Ergomi terhadap gejala fisik kejadian Sick Building Syndrome pada Gedung Rektorat Umi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik, dengan menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai di Gedung Rektorat Umi Kota Makassar berjumlah 113 pegawai. Hasil penelitian yaitu dari keenam variabel umur, jenis kelamin, masa kerja, merokok, kondisi psikososial, dan ergonomi yaitu vaiabel jenis kelamin dan ergomi yang artinya memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan keluhan Sick Building Syndrom. Jenis kelamin laki-laki lebih banyak menderita SBS dibanding perempuan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai p= 0,013 < 0,05 yang berarti ada hubungan yang bermakna. Hasil penelitian jenis kelamin laki-laki yang mengalami SBS sebanyak 20 pegawai (38,5%) dan jenis kelamin wanita tidak mengalami SBS sebanyak 25 pegawai (64,1%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pegawai yang mengalami posisi ergonomi tidak normal dan menderita SBS lebih banyak yaitu dengan hasil 32 responden (61,5%) di banding pegawai yang mengalami posisi ergonomi normal yaitu dengan hasil 13 pegawai (33,3%), sehingga didapatkan nila p= 0,007 < 0,05 yang berarti ada hubungan yang bermakna antara ergonomi dengan Sick Building Syndrom di Gedung Menara UMI.Kata Kunci : Faktor Demografi, Ergonomi, Sick Building Syndrome

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Jaakkola, M. S., L. Yang, A. Ieromnimon, and J. J. K. Jaakkola. "Office work, SBS and respiratory and sick building syndrome symptoms." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 64, no. 3 (March 1, 2007): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2005.024596.

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Wang, Bing-Ling, Tomoko Takigawa, Yukie Yamasaki, Noriko Sakano, Da-Hong Wang, and Keiki Ogino. "Symptom definitions for SBS (sick building syndrome) in residential dwellings." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 211, no. 1-2 (March 2008): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.03.004.

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Adiningsih, Ridhayani, and Miftah Chairani Hairuddin. "The Incidence of Sick Building Syndrome and Its Causes on Employees at the Governor’s Office of West Sulawesi Province." Indonesian Journal Of Occupational Safety and Health 10, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v10i2.2021.153-160.

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Introduction: Indoor air quality greatly affects human health because almost 90% of human life is indoors. Some symptoms that are often felt by employees in a building with Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) are fatigue; headaches; symptoms of eye, nose and throat irritation; skin irritation; dry cough, increased irritability and difficulty in concentration; nausea; drowsiness; and hypersensitivity to odor. This research aims to determine the relationship of air quality in space to the incidence of Sick Building Syndrome. Methods: This research was an analytic survey research with cross sectional approach. The samples in this study were employees who were in the Building D of the Provincial Governor's Office, West Sulawesi totalling 82 people. This research was carried out by measuring indoor air quality and giving questionnaires to find out the SBS events. Results: The results of room temperature measurements ranged from 26.14 - 41.46°C, humidity measurement was ≥ 60%, light intensity was ≤ 100 lux, the chemical quality of CO in the air was ≤ 29 mg/m3, CO2 levelin the air was ≤ 1000 ppm, and dust level was ≥ 0.15 mg/m3. Besides, there was a significant relationship between air temperature and dust levels on the incidence of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS), with p value of 0.006. Conclusion: It can be concluded that factors that influenced the occurrence of SBS were air temperature and dust concentration in the room.Keywords: indoor air quality, office, sick building syndrome

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Simatupang, Putri Damayanty, Devi Nuraini Santi, and Irnawati Marsaulina. "Air Quality in Indoor and Characteristics of Workers with Sick Building Syndrome at Mall." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 16, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v16i1.6590.

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Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) was a healthproblem that caused by air polution, indoor air quality and a bad ventilation. In around the world,2.7 milions of people were dead because air polution in the room and this air polution source from ventilation (52%), tools in the room (17 %), outside the room (11%), the building material (3%), microorganism (5%) and others (12%). Mall was a public place with a close ventilation so it can influence the air quality and being the risk of SBS.The aim of this research was looking for correlation between air quality in the room and the characteristics of workerswith sick building syndrome (SBS).This research was an analytic with cross sectional design. The population was all of the workerwith 36 sample workers.Data analysis used univariat and bivariat.Result of this research showed the variabelswhich had correlationwith sick building syndrome are humidity, wind velocity, light intensity, age, and gender. The variables that had no correlation with sick building syndrome are temperature, microorganism quantity, duration of work and period of work.

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Nguyen, Hai, Thy Le, and Chanh Dang. "Prevalence of Sick Building Syndrome - Related Factors among Hospital Workers at University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam." MedPharmRes 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32895/ump.mpr.2.2.1.

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Poor indoor air quality is one of the most important factor causing occupational health problems such as sick building syndrome (SBS). Most previous research on risk factors of SBS is evaluated in the office or school environments rather than in the hospital. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of SBS and its related effect on hospital workers in poorly-ventilated and confined working environments through a set of the questionnaires completed from March to June of 2017. The relationship between SBS-Related symptoms, individual characteristics, work environment and conditions were analyzed using Poisson regression. The prevalence of sick building syndrome was 70.1%. The most common symptoms reported by hospital workers include fatigue, headache, and feeling heavy-headed. There was a significant relationship between the prevalence of syndrome and sex, overload of work, atopy as well as varying room temperature.

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Ohm, Michael, Jan-Erik Juto, Kjell Andersson, and Lennart Bodin. "Nasal Histamine Provocation of Tenants in a Sick-Building Residential Area." American Journal of Rhinology 11, no. 2 (March 1997): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065897782537151.

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Health problems associated with the indoor climate have aroused an increasing scientific interest, and the term “sick-building syndrome” (SBS), which describes the most frequent symptoms in this context, has been coined. However, it has been difficult to demonstrate objectively any pathophysiological changes in the subjects affected. Thirty-three healthy and nonatopic persons were randomly selected on the basis of answers in a postal questionnaire dealing with discomfort or health symptoms experienced in their home environment. Twenty-three lived in a residential area with indoor climate problems (SBS area) and 10 lived in an area without climate problems (non-SBS area). Twelve persons from the SBS area reported nasal symptoms, which they ascribed to their home environment. The remaining 11 persons from the same area, as well as the 10 subjects from the non-SBS area, had no nasal distress. They were examined with rhinostereometry during histamine provocation. Hyperreactivity, defined as mucosal swelling exceeding 0.4 mm at 5 and 10 minutes after provocation with 0.14 ml of 2 mg/ml histamine chloride, was frequent in the symptomatic SBS group as well as in the asymptomatic SBS group. The analysis of the increment of mucosal swelling for the whole range of histamine chloride concentrations (0.1 mg/ml to 16 mg/ml) showed significantly different growth curves for the three groups in the residential areas and an external reference group, (p < 0.0001). Subjects living in the SBS area were prone to nasal hyperreactivity, whether they reported symptoms from the upper airways or not. The results support the hypothesis that living in an SBS area increases the risk of developing nonspecific nasal hyperreactivity.

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Tuuminen, Tamara. "The Roles of Autoimmunity and Biotoxicosis in Sick Building Syndrome as a “Starting Point” for Irreversible Dampness and Mold Hypersensitivity Syndrome." Antibodies 9, no. 2 (June 22, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antib9020026.

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Background: The terminology of “sick building syndrome” (SBS), meaning that a person may feel sick in a certain building, but when leaving the building, the symptoms will reverse, is imprecise. Many different environmental hazards may cause the feeling of sickness, such as high indoor air velocity, elevated noise, low or high humidity, vapors or dust. The Aim: To describe SBS in connection with exposure to indoor air dampness microbiota (DM). Methods: A search through Medline/Pubmed. Results and Conclusions: Chronic course of SBS may be avoided. By contrast, persistent or cumulative exposure to DM may make SBS potentially life-threatening and lead to irreversible dampness and mold hypersensitivity syndrome (DMHS). The corner feature of DMHS is acquired by dysregulation of the immune system in the direction of hypersensitivities (types I–IV) and simultaneous deprivation of immunity that manifests as increased susceptibility to infections. DMHS is a systemic low-grade inflammation and a biotoxicosis. There is already some evidence that DMHS may be linked to autoimmunity. Autoantibodies towards, e.g., myelin basic protein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, ganglioside GM1, smooth muscle cells and antinuclear autoantibodies were reported in mold-related illness. DMHS is also a mitochondropathy and endocrinopathy. The association of autoimmunity with DMHS should be confirmed through cohort studies preferably using chip-based technology.

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Miškulin, Maja, Marina Matić, Miodrag Beneš, and Jelena Vlahović. "The significance of psychosocial factors of the working environment in the development of sick building syndrome." Journal of Health Sciences 4, no. 3 (December 26, 2014): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17532/jhsci.2014.187.

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Introduction: Sick building syndrome (SBS) is a medical condition in which people in a certain buildings suffer from symptoms of illness or feeling unwell. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of exposure of the employees of public institutions from the city of Osijek to harmful psychosocial factors of the working environment, to assess whether there is a connection between the exposure to these factors and the incidence of SBS symptoms and to clarify the nature of this connection.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during May 2013 among 178 employees of public institutions in the city of Osijek. An anonymous questionnaire which contained questions relating to demographic data and working status of the participants, their exposure to various harmful psychosocial factors of the working environment and occurrence of certain symptoms of SBS among them was used as a research tool.Results: 96.1 % (171/178) of participants were exposed to harmful psychosocial factors of the working environment. Employees exposed to those factors more frequently expressed symptoms of SBS. The incidence and the number of symptoms of SBS among employees simultaneously grew with the increase of the number of harmful psychosocial factors of the working environment to which they were exposed.Conclusion: The study showed positive connection between the exposure to harmful psychosocial factors of the working environment and the incidence of SBS symptoms, highlighting this issue as a very important subject in the field of occupational medicine and health protection in the workplace.

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Kalender Smajlović, Sedina, Andreja Kukec, and Mateja Dovjak. "Association between Sick Building Syndrome and Indoor Environmental Quality in Slovenian Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17 (September 3, 2019): 3224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173224.

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Increased exposure times to various health risk factors and the vulnerability of building users might result in significantly higher prevalence rates of sick building syndrome (SBS) in a hospital setting compared to other indoor environments. The purpose of our study was to assess the association between SBS symptoms and measured environmental parameters at a Slovenian general hospital. A combination of a self-assessment study and field measurements was conducted in order to estimate the health risk factors for SBS symptoms among the users of a Slovenian general hospital. The Chi-square test was used to analyse the association between observed health and environmental parameters. The response rate was 67.5%. A total of 12.0% of healthcare workers at hospital wards reported at least six SBS symptoms, 19.0% reported 2–3 SBS symptoms. At the observed hospital wards, the most deviations were recorded for the level of lighting (83.3%), noise level (73.6%), and room temperature (55.3%). A statistically significant association was found between indoor environmental quality and skin-related SBS symptoms (χ2 = 0.009; p = 0.006). This information will be of great value in defining an integral strategy of environmental health activities aimed at healthier indoor environmental quality in hospitals.

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Eghosa Noel, Ekhaese, and Adeboye Albert Babajide. "Green Agenda: A Socio-Cultural Response to Sick Building Syndrom (SBS) and Building Related Illness (BRI) in African Domestic Architecture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (March 2015): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.32.

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Green agenda is a participatory method for developing and implementing local sustainable development strategies and plans with active involvement of different sectors in the local community where the process is conducted. But Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) and Building Related Illness (BRI) are building concerns in African cities, because building designs, materials and styles are alien the culture and climate. The focus of the paper therefore was to deploy sustainability parameters (Green Agenda) to address SBS and BRI in African Domestic Architecture. Taking into consideration the three main aspects of green agenda which includes; identifying local values, process participation and genuinely owned result. The methodology employed was quantitative and qualitative. The findings revealed that the research had addressed the issues of imported design, sick building syndrome and building related illness using sustainability considerations. The study result has shown that the three aspects of local green agenda has socio-cultural nuance in Domestic Architecture that includes the values, beliefs, available materials in the studied community. This pre-supposes that building design necessarily need to have organic content (i.e. it has to be culture specific, socially responsive and environmentally friendly). Organic designs however have proved to be sustainable and also one of the way out of SBS and BRI. Keywords: Green Agenda, Agenda 21, Habitat Agenda, Socio-Cultural, Domestic Architecture, SBS and BRI

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Alwi, Hidayati. "KEJADIAN SICK BUILDING SYNDROME DI INDONESIA : KAJIAN PUSTAKA." KESMAS UWIGAMA: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 6, no. 2 (December 13, 2020): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/kujkm.v6i2.947.

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Latar Belakang: Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) adalah gangguan kesehatan dalam bentuk gejala yang diikuti oleh ketidaknyamanan dengan lingkungan dan keluhan bau karena kondisi lingkungan yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan dan ada pencemaran di dalam ruangan, bisa dalam bentuk jamur, mikroba, dan bahan kimia. Kualitas udara yang buruk dapat berdampak negatif pada pekerja atau karyawan dalam bentuk keluhan masalah kesehatan. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kejadian Sick Building Syndrome di Indonesia. Metode Penelitian: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur. Literatur dilakukan secara online melalui beberapa situs web atau situs internet terpercaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 15 artikel yang terdiri dari 9 artikel nasional dan 6 artikel internasional. Artikel dianalisis secara bivariat dan diproses melalui tahapan dalam bentuk pengeditan, pengorganisasian, analisis dan penjabaran. Hasil : Hasil studi dari 15 artikel, menunjukkan ada hubungan antara faktor fisik (suhu, kelembaban, aliran udara, pencahayaan, kebisingan dan ventilasi). kualitas), faktor kimia (CO2 dan CO), faktor biologis (kuman) faktor stres kerja (beban kerja dan tekanan kerja), dan faktor individu (usia, masa kerja, jenis kelamin dan kebiasaan merokok) dan tidak menemukan korelasi antara faktor fisik (debu ) dan faktor biologis (jamur) dengan terjadinya Sick Building Syndrome. Kesimpulan: kejadian Sick Building Syndrome di Indonesia masih banyak ditemukan terutama pada gedung tempat karyawan bekerja.

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Asri, Annisa Nanda, Rafiah Maharani Pulungan, and Azizah Musliha Fitri. "Hubungan Lingkungan Kerja dengan Gejala Sick Building Syndrome pada Pegawai BPJS Kesehatan Depok Tahun 2019." Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development 3, no. 1 (October 31, 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jphrecode.v3i1.14628.

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Sick building syndrome (SBS) merupakan kumpulan keluhan yang dirasakan oleh pegawai yang bekerja di dalam ruangan dengan kualitas udara yang kurang baik. Pegawai BPJS Kesehatan Kota Depok bekerja dalam ruangan yang tertutup dengan pencahayaan dan iklim kerja yang kurang baik sehingga berpotensi mengalami gejala seperti kelelahan, sakit kepala, dan nyeri punggung. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan lingkungan kerja dengan gejala Sick Building Syndrome pada pegawai BPJS Kesehatan Kota Depok tahun 2019. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 70 orang pegawai BPJS Kesehatan Kota Depok. Variabel lingkungan fisik diperoleh berdasarkan hasil pengukuran lingkungan, sedangkan variabel lingkungan non fisik dan karakteristik individu menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Square dan uji Fisher’s Exact. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara pencahayaan (p=0,001), umur (p=0,006), kondisi psikososial (0,025), kebiasaan merokok (p=0,025), dan riwayat penyakit (p=0,038) dengan gejala SBS. Variabel yang tidak berhubungan dengan gejala SBS adalah iklim kerja (p=0,191), hubungan kerja pegawai dan atasan (p=0,447), hubungan kerja antar pegawai (p=1,000), jenis kelamin (p=0,506), dan masa kerja (p=1,000). Gejala SBS yang paling banyak adalah kantuk. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, disarankan BPJS Kesehatan Kota Depok memperbaiki pencahayaan, melakukan peregangan di sela jam kerja, dan melakukan medical check up untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan pegawai dalam bekerja.

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Ahmeti, Muhamet, and Mimoza Sylejmani. "Negative Impacts (SBS) in residential buildings case studies from Kosovo." International Journal of Business & Technology 6, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ijbte.2018.6.3.18.

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This paper presents the negative impacts on residential buildings in Kosovo, - as well as the main factors of the occurrence of sick building syndrome (SBS) in residential buildings in the case of Kosovo. It also examines the impact of different materials on this phenomenon and how many constructions in Kosovo are protected from this phenomenon. For the assessment of the impact of materials on health and the environment, it is necessary to consider all the phases. Starting from the phase of construction, selection of materials, application from the beginning of the use of the building, including all the materials processing from the beginning until their application, the use of natural resources for the production of various construction products, the necessary energy for the production and processing of the materials used, and the amount of release and imitation of CO2 (carbon dioxide). This paper also discusses the question of what sick building syndrome SBS is, how materials are affected by this phenomenon, what are the main materials affecting the residential buildings in SBS phenomenon in Kosovo, what buildings are affected by this phenomenon and how does this phenomenon affect human health. Furthermore, this paper provides a deep analysis on factors influencing the phenomenon of SBS in different municipalities and several companies. It also discusses the influence of Asbestos and its impact on SBS, through a survey conducted in different municipalities and institutions and other companies. Through this discussion the paper attempts to provide information on the current knowledge about asbestos, as well as the manner of its assembling and dismantling, storage and all other information related to this material which has a great impact on the appearance on phenomena of SBS. A special emphasis has been put on the impact of materials on our health, recent research on the materials used and impact on the appearance of SBS case, including the diseases that occur as a consequence of the occurrence of diseased buildings.

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Utami, D. L., and S. M. Nasri. "The Evidence of Sick Building Syndrome (Sbs) among Oil Gas Refinery Officers." KnE Life Sciences 4, no. 5 (June 19, 2018): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v4i5.2585.

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Kencanasari, R. A. Vesitara, Usep Surahman, Asep Yudi Permana, and Hari Din Nugraha. "KONDISI KUALITAS UDARA DI DALAM RUANGAN PEMUKIMANAN NON-KUMUH KOTA BANDUNG." Jurnal Arsitektur ZONASI 3, no. 3 (October 20, 2020): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jaz.v3i3.28134.

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Abstract: This research was initiated by the factors of poor indoor air quality conditions. So that it can cause Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) or sick building syndrome. The purpose of this research is to measure the picture of air quality conditions in non-slum rooms. The sample in this study was Pasteur Village RW6, Sukajadi District which was selected based on criteria, namely including non-slum areas, as well as high community participation. The research method used was cross-sectional. The results showed an overview of indoor air quality in non-slum dwellings, humidity was above the required standard, thus triggering fungal growth rates that exceeded normal limits. The temperature parameter is in the required category, but based on the findings, some people are uncomfortable with the room temperature in the house. The Formadehilda and VOC parameters are within normal limits, this is indicated because most people do not use chemical products, rarely smoke in the house, and rarely start motorized vehicles in the house.Keywords: Indoor Air Quality, Sick Building Sindrome (SBS) Abstrak: Penelitian ini diawali oleh faktor kondisi kualitas udara di dalam ruangan yang buruk. Sehingga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) atau sindrom bangunan sakit. Tujuan peneltian ini adalah untuk mengukur gambaran kondisi kualitas udara di dalam ruangan non kumuh. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah Kelurahan Pasteur RW6, Kecamatan Sukajadi yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria yaitu termasuk kawasan non kumuh, serta partisipasi masyarakat yang tinggi. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gambaran kualitas udara di dalam ruangan pada rumah tinggal non kumuh, kelembaban berada di atas standar yang dipersyaratkan, sehingga memicu tingkat pertumbuhan jamur yang melampaui batas normal. Parameter suhu berada dalam kategori yang dipersyaratkan, namun berdasarkan hasil temuan sebagian masyarakat kurang nyaman dengan suhu ruang pada rumah tinggal. Parameter Formadehilda dan VOC berada pada batas normal, hal tersebut diindikasikan karena sebagian besar masyarakat tidak menggunakan produk-produk kimia, jarang melakukan aktivitas merokok di dalam rumah, serta jarang menghidupkan mesin kendaraan bermotor di dalam rumah. Kata Kunci: kualitas udara di dalam ruangan, Sick Building Sindrome (SBS)

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Lim, Y. W., H. H. Kim, K. J. Kim, J. W. Park, J. Y. Yang, and D. C. Shin. "The Health Effect of Houseplant on the Symptoms of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)." Epidemiology 17, Suppl (November 2006): S358—S359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200611001-00953.

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Murniati, Nia. "Hubungan Suhu dan Kelembaban dengan Keluhan Sick Building Syndrome pada Petugas Administrasi Rumah Sakit Swasta X." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat 7, no. 3 (September 20, 2018): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33221/jikm.v7i3.123.

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Dunia modern memungkinkan terjadinya peningkatan proporsi tenaga kerja yang bekerja di dalam kantor. Ketika kecenderungan ini berlanjut, paparan lingkungan kantor akan sangat mempengaruhi kesehatan dan produktivitas pekerja. Beberapa pekerja kantor mungkin merasa lega saat masuk ke dalam ruangan berpendingin dan berhenti menghirup asap dari luar. Tanpa disadari, udara yang mereka hirup di dalam kantor mungkin lebih berbahaya bagi kesehatannya. Situasi dimana penghuni gedung mengeluhkan masalah kesehatan dan kenyamanan yang timbul saat berada dalam suatu bangunan, namun gejalanya tidak spesifik dan penyebabnya tidak dapat diidentifikasikan disebut Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). Saat produktivitas pekerja menurun karena SBS maka timbul permasalahan besar lainnya seperti turut menurunnya profit dan kepuasan klien di sebuah institusi. Rumah sakit sebagai salah satu institusi kesehatan sudah sepatutnya menyadari bahwa lingkungan kantor sangat mempengaruhi kesehatan para pekerjanya, karena selain sebagai wahana penyembuhan bagi para pasiennya, diharapkan juga mampu mencegah berbagai masalah kesehatan yang mungkin timbul pada seluruh pekerjanya selama berada di rumah sakit sebagai lingkungan kerjanya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengungkap hubungan suhu dan kelembaban dengan keluhan SBS pada Januari 2018 di RS Swasta X di Depok dengan sampel seluruh petugas administrasi sebanyak 48 orang dengan metode cross sectional. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan (p-value 0,036 dengan OR 4,0) antara suhu di dalam ruangan dengan keluhan SBS pada pekerja. Diharapkan penelitian ini menjadi masukan bagi manajemen rumah sakit untuk lebih memperhatikan fasilitas dan kenyamanan kerja di dalam ruangan.

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Runeson-Broberg, Roma, and Dan Norbäck. "Sick building syndrome (SBS) and sick house syndrome (SHS) in relation to psychosocial stress at work in the Swedish workforce." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 86, no. 8 (November 11, 2012): 915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-012-0827-8.

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Simmons, R. B., S. A. Crow, and D. G. Ahearn. "Microbial Colonization of Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HAVC) Systems and Indoor Air Quality." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 474–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600028440.

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The rapid rise of energy costs in the 1970's and early 1980's brought about a number of energy conservation measures which are still in use today. Changes made in heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems increased the recirculation of conditioned air within buildings, while leakage of air through the building shell was sharply reduced. Air movement in modern buildings is typically under the control of centrally operated HVAC systems which do not allow for local control of airflow in particular areas by the occupants. Problems with the quality of indoor air in the work environment have resulted from some of these measures and collectively many of these phenomena have been referred to as the Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). SBS is a complex of symptoms, including eye and mucous membrane irritation, headache, cough, dizziness, chest tightening, fatigue and general malaise, which occur more frequently than would normally be expected (greater than 20%) among the occupants of a building.

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Azahar Aba, Muhamad, Kamarul Ariffin Ha, Nor Hizami Has, Muhammad Firdaus Ab, Lukman Ismail, and Hafizi Rosli. "Antifungal Activity of Selected Malaysia’s Local Medicinal Plants Against Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Fungi." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 19, no. 3 (June 15, 2020): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2020.240.245.

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Miladinovic, Bojana, Maja Nikolic, Aleksandra Stankovic, and Sci Visa Tasic. "P.1.30 Assessment of sick building syndrome among employees in the commercial centers in Niš, serbia." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A85.2—A85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.231.

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Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) is a diseases associated with indoor air quality accompanied with various nonspecific symptoms that occur in the occupants of a building. This syndrome has been the subject of serious scientific investigation in the past years, but there are not enough studies in transition countries.The aim of this study was to investigate the symptoms of the syndrome among employees in the commercial centers in Niš, Serbia.MethodsThe cross-sectional study was conducted amongst employees of two commercial centers in the city of Niš, Serbia. In this study the MM-040EA questionnaire was used with two additional questions and 1152 employed were interviewed during the period of three years. Data extracted from the questionnaires were analyzed using the chi-square test and binary logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of SBS was high. The most common symptoms reported by employees included high room temperature (74.9%), stuffy air (73.5%), and dry air (75.7%), while rare complaints were towards static electricity (47.3%) and low room temperature (45.2%). Binary logistic regression showed that too low room temperature (p=0.002), dry air (p=0.015), static electricity (p=0.007) and noise (p=0. 024) were the most important factors for the high symptoms score. A relatively small number of sick absence (13.4%) was found among subjects working in the investigated commercial centers.ConclusionThe high prevalence of SBS symptoms in the environment of commercial centers was almost associated with factors of unpleasant microclimate. So improvement of environmental conditions such as increasing the efficiency of the ventilation system, increasing fresh air flow in the sector and noise prevention , as well as enhancing the quality of working life will motivate the employees and increase productivity in the workplace. The occupational health care workers play an important role in educating of workers and their employers.

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Shoemaker, Ritchie C., and Dennis E. House. "Sick building syndrome (SBS) and exposure to water-damaged buildings: Time series study, clinical trial and mechanisms." Neurotoxicology and Teratology 28, no. 5 (September 2006): 573–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2006.07.003.

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Krismondani, Ratna Dwi, Aulia Chairani, and Nunuk Nugrohowati. "HUBUNGAN FAKTOR INDIVIDU DAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP GEJALA SICK BUILDING SYNDROME PADA STAF TENAGA KE PENDIDIKAN DI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UPN VETERAN JAKARTA TAHUN 2020." PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 5, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v5i1.1436.

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Background: Sick building syndrome (SBS) are collection of symptoms suffered by workers in offices and other buildings with symptoms such as headaches and respiratory problems. Based on report of the National Health Organization there are estimated 2.2 million deaths due indoor pollution. Where 70-80% of individuals spend their time working indoors. Methods and Samples: The study had used a cross sectional method which aims to determine relationship between individual and environmental factors that influence onset symptoms of SBS. The research data were collected through questionnaires. The sample in this study were 49 educational staff at the Faculty of Medicine UPN Veteran Jakarta. The sampling technique used total sampling. This study used univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Results: Bivariate analysis: age (p = 0.02), length of service (p = 0.00), psychosocial conditions (p = 0.00) and room ventilation conditions (p = 0.00). While multivariate analysis: age (p = 0.05; OR = 3.524; 95% CI 1.019-14.914), years of service (p = 0.02; OR = 4.168; 95% CI 1.768-16.520), room ventilation (p = 0.03; OR = 7.167; 95% CI 2.705-27.912), and psychosocial conditions (p = 0.012; OR = 8.714; 95% CI 3.072-29.098). Conclusion: Based on the bivariate analysis, there are significant relationship between age, years of service, psychosocial conditions and room ventilation of symptoms SBS. Meanwhile, based on multivariate analysis, psychosocial status is the most influential factor of symtoms SBS

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Stenerg, Berndt, Kjell Hansson Mild, Monica Sandstrom, Jan Sundell, and Stig Wall. "A Prevalence Study Of The Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) And Facial Skin Symptoms In Office Workers." Indoor Air 3, no. 2 (June 1993): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-2-00002.x.

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عبد الرضا, عدنان نعمة, عامر محمد ابراهيم, and سرمد قاسم محمد. "دراسة التأثير الحضري على ظهور اعراض متلازمة المباني المريضة(SBS)Sick building syndrome في محافظة ديالى." Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2017.10413.

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Sun, Chanjuan, Jialing Zhang, Yuchao Guo, Qingyan Fu, Wei Liu, Jun Pan, Yanmin Huang, Zhijun Zou, and Chen Huang. "Outdoor air pollution in relation to sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms among residents in Shanghai, China." Energy and Buildings 174 (September 2018): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.06.005.

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STENBERG, BERNDT, NILS ERIKSSON, JONAS HÖÖG, JAN SUNDELL, and STIG WALL. "The Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) in Office Workers. A Case-Referent Study of Personal, Psychosocial and Building-Related Risk Indicators." International Journal of Epidemiology 23, no. 6 (1994): 1190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/23.6.1190.

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Wang, Juan, Baizhan Li, Qin Yang, Han Wang, Dan Norbäck, and Jan Sundell. "Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) among parents of preschool children in relation to home environment in Chongqing, China." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2013, no. 1 (September 19, 2013): 3087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.p-1-08-21.

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Riaz, Nadia, Muhammad Saqib Khan, Muhammad Bilal, Sami Ullah, and Abdullah G. Al‐Sehemi. "Photocatalytic Inactivation of Bioaerosols: A Short Review on Emerging Technologies." Current Analytical Chemistry 17, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411016999200729115254.

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Background: Formation of the microbial colonies in the wet and damp environment affects the indoor air quality thus posing severe threats to human health. Health problems or Building- associated illness (any disease or infection) caused by being in a closed space or building are generally separated into two categories including building-related illness (BRI) and sick building syndrome (SBS). Considered by Pathognomy research, that biological pollutants or bioaerosols (bacteria, fungi and viruses like coronavirus), are the significant inducement for “sick building syndrome (SBS)” associated with a group of mucosal, skin, and general symptoms, characterized by tiredness; headaches; irritation of skin, nose, eyes, throat and mucous membranes, most prevalent in buildings like residential and occupational like offices, schools, hotels and hospitals. Methods: Currently outdoor air purging, UV light activated air filters, chemical treatment like ozonation and oxidation, are used for the improvement of indoor air quality but these treatment techniques not only produce secondary biological pollutants but are also costly and not effective for a variety of microorganisms. In recent years, nanomaterials in the area of heterogeneous photocatalysis have gained much attention because of their enhanced physicochemical properties including particle size, surface area, dopant dispersion and interaction with the support (Titanium). Results: Heterogeneous photocatalysis systems have been reported to produce self-cleaning materials and to solve a range of environmental problems like air and water detoxification. Among various heterogeneous photocatalysts, TiO2 gained much attention due to its non-toxic nature, high stability, excellent photocatalytic ability, self-cleaning and antibacterial properties and most of all low cost and commercial availability. It is among the basic materials being used in various commercial products like as white pigment in paints for building coating. The antibacterial properties are associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of a light source. Conclusion: Some of the reported TiO2 nanomaterials-based air-filters and building coatings are reported with the major drawbacks like lower surface area, inactivation in the absence of light (dark) and activation only under UV light irradiation. Thus, the requirement for cost effective, safer and energy efficient materials is the need of the day.

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ENGVALL1,3*, KARIN, CHRISTINA NORRBY1, JEANETTE BANDEL1, MARIE HULT2, and DAN NORBACK3. "Development of a Multiple Regression Model to Identify Multi-Family Residential Buildings with a High Prevalence of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)." Indoor Air 10, no. 2 (June 2000): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0668.2000.010002101.x.

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Sarumaha, Yonathan K. A., and Amelia Sugondo. "Optimasi Penempatan Exhaust Fan dalam Rumah Dengan CFD." Jurnal Teknik Mesin 18, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/jtm.18.1.12-19.

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Pengkondisian udara dalam ruangan sangatlah penting. Hal ini dapat mengurangi sick building syndrome (SBS) yang dapat mengganggu aktifitas penghuni. Salah satu cara untuk mengkondisikan udara adalah dengan ventilasi mekanik. Penempatan exhaust fan sebagai ventilasi mekanik guna mendapatkan posisi optimum perlu dikaji. Pengkajian dilakukan dengan melakukan simulasi rumah 12.5m x 8.2m menggunakan Autodesk CFD 2019. Simulasi dilakukan pada lima posisi penempatan exhaust fan untuk membandingkan suhu dan kecepatannya pada setiap ruangan. Hasil dari simulasi didapatkan perbedaan suhu udara dan kecepatan udara dari tiap posisi yang diambil pada setiap ruamgan dan dibandingan dengan Tukey yang digunakan sebagai metode perbandingan. Didapatkan bahwa posisi penempatan exhaust fan tidaklah berpengaruh signifikan. Exhaust fan dapat diletakkan dimana saja didalam ruangan. Yang perlu menjadi perhatian adalah volume udara yang disirkulasikan dalam ruangan, agar udara segar dapat masuk dan mengurangi SBS.

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Fu, Xi, Dan Norbäck, Qianqian Yuan, Yanling Li, Xunhua Zhu, Jamal Hisham Hashim, Zailina Hashim, et al. "Association between indoor microbiome exposure and sick building syndrome (SBS) in junior high schools of Johor Bahru, Malaysia." Science of The Total Environment 753 (January 2021): 141904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141904.

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Mentese, Sibel, and Deniz Tasdibi. "Airborne bacteria levels in indoor urban environments: The influence of season and prevalence of sick building syndrome (SBS)." Indoor and Built Environment 25, no. 3 (December 15, 2014): 563–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x14562454.

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Wargocki, Pawel, David P. Wyon, Yong K. Baik, Geo Clausen, and P. Ole Fanger. "Perceived Air Quality, Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Symptoms and Productivity in an Office with Two Different Pollution Loads." Indoor Air 9, no. 3 (September 1999): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1999.t01-1-00003.x.

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Nordstrom, K., D. Norback, and R. Akselsson. "Influence of indoor air quality and personal factors on the sick building syndrome (SBS) in Swedish geriatric hospitals." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 52, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.52.3.170.

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Boechat, J. L., J. L. Rios, M. C. Ramos, R. R. Luiz, F. R. Aquino Neto, and J. R. Lapa e Silva. "Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Among Office Workers and Exposure to Indoor Fungal Allergens in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 127, no. 2 (February 2011): AB178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.709.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sick building syndrome (SBS)'

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