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Journal articles on the topic 'Side lobe radiation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Ifeoma, B. Asianuba. "Side Lobe Reduction in Linear Array Antenna using Numerical Computation Approach." European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 6, no. 4 (2019): 29–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10687581.

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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Large amount of energy is saved when a transmitting antenna propagates its field radiations painstakingly in the required direction of propagation. For this reason, reduction in side lobe radiation is essential to avoid degrading the total power and efficiency of the radiating structure. In this paper, a numerical approach is adopted other than the well known stochastic approach to reduce side lobe radiations in linear array antennas. This choice is as a result of the short design cycle of the numerical solution for antenna field problems, full exploration of design s

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2

Mittal, Vikas, Kanta Prasad Sharma, Narmadha Thangarasu, Udandarao Sarat, Ahmad O. Hourani, and Rohit Salgotra. "Synthesis of Circular Antenna Arrays for Achieving Lower Side Lobe Level and Higher Directivity Using Hybrid Optimization Algorithm." Algorithms 17, no. 6 (2024): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a17060256.

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Circular antenna arrays (CAAs) find extensive utility in a range of cutting-edge communication applications such as 5G networks, the Internet of Things (IoT), and advanced beamforming technologies. In the realm of antenna design, the side lobes levels (SLL) in the radiation pattern hold significant importance within communication systems. This is primarily due to its role in mitigating signal interference across the entire radiation pattern’s side lobes. In order to suppress the subsidiary lobe, achieve the required primary lobe orientation, and improve directivity, an optimization problem is

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3

Bolotina, Irina O., H. Michael Kroening, K. G. Kvasnikov, Dmitriy A. Sednev, and Olga V. Sumtsova. "Acoustic Field Simulation of an Antenna Array at Scanning by the SPA Method for Modern Ultrasonic Testing Technologies." Advanced Materials Research 1040 (September 2014): 959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1040.959.

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The results of numerical simulation of an antenna array radiation pattern in impulse mode by the method of sampling phased array signal processing are represented in this paper. The studies of array parameters impact (the number of elements and the distance between them) on its penetrometer characteristics are discussed. It is established that the change of the distance among array elements leads to narrowing of the main lobe of the radiation pattern as well as to shifting of the side lobes nearer to the main one. Meanwhile, the increase in the number of elements in the array leads to narrowin

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4

Milijic, Marija, Aleksandar Nesic, and Bratislav Milovanovic. "Definition of the border between the far and near field zone for printed antenna arrays with high side lobe suppression." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 10, no. 1 (2013): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1301113m.

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The paper defines the border between the far and near field zone of printed antenna arrays. The conventional definition has a limited application in side lobe suppression measurements, especially in the case of high side lobe suppression. The paper particularly details the printed antenna array with 8 radiation elements. Its symmetrical tapered feed network with Chebyshev distribution enables side lobe suppression greater than -44 dB in the E-plane. In addition, the influence of tolerances in the standard photolithographic process has been investigated. The expected tolerances in the standard

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5

Mordachev, V. I., and D. A. Tsyanenka. "Influence of Spatial Selectivity of Radiation of Mobile Communication Base Stations on the Level of Electromagnetic Background Introduced by them." Doklady BGUIR 20, no. 7 (2022): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2022-20-7-56-64.

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Radio frequency electromagnetic radiation from base stations is the main source of electromagnetic background generated by mobile (cellular) communication systems in residential areas; its intensity makes a significant contribution to the level of electromagnetic pollution of the habitat and determines the level of electromagnetic safety of the population. The previously proposed technique for estimating the average intensity of this background, based on the analysis of the territorial intensity of mobile traffic, takes into account the spatial selectivity of base station radiation in a simpli

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Palitsin, Alexey, Mikhail Goykhman, Alexander Gromov, and Nikolay Kovalev. "Directivity patterns features of antenna systems in regimes of ultra-short microwave pulses radiation." ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019): 05010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193005010.

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Directivity patters of some antenna systems depend on duration of radiated microwave pulses. It is shown that for large enough twodimensional systems the shortening of pulses leads to suppression of side lobe radiation. We propose to use a novel for two-dimensional antenna systems parameter - a correlation length which is useful for estimation of pulse shortening influence on antenna pattern. Correlation length depends both on the pulse duration and direction of radiation. The effect of side lobes suppression can be used for estimation of pulse duration.

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7

Milijic, Marija, Aleksandar Nesic, and Bratislav Milovanovic. "An investigation of side lobe suppression in integrated printed antenna structures with 3D reflectors." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 30, no. 3 (2017): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1703391m.

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The paper discusses the problem of side lobe suppression in the radiation pattern of printed antenna arrays with different 3D reflector surfaces. The antenna array of eight symmetrical pentagonal dipoles with corner reflectors of various angles is examined. All investigated antenna arrays are fed by the same feeding network of impedance transformers enabling necessary amplitude distribution. Considering the different reflector surfaces, the influence of parasitic radiation from feeding network on side lobe suppression is studied to prevent the reception of unwanted noise and to increase a gain

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8

Afacan, Erkan, and Erdem Yazgan. "The effect of loading Gregorian antennas on side-lobe levels." Canadian Journal of Physics 74, no. 9-10 (1996): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p96-098.

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E- and H -plane radiation patterns of focus-fed, axially symmetric Gregorian antennas are analyzed using the generalized method of the geometrical theory of diffraction. Only the rim of the main reflector was loaded, in a smoothly tapered manner, but the whole surface of the subreflector was loaded. Loads are defined in terms of surface impedances. With the help of this analysis, the effect of the smoothly tapered rim loading on the far-field radiation patterns of Gregorian antennas can be studied in detail.

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9

Hamid, M., and S. Choudhry. "Antenna Radiation Enhancement By Increasing Main To Side Lobe Ratio." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 13, no. 3 (1999): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939399x01005.

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10

Figueredo, Raimundo Eider, Alexandre Maniçoba De Oliveira, and João Francisco Justo. "Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna with Star Trek insignia-based side slot edge for ultra-wideband applications." Journal of Mechatronics Engineering 6, no. 1 (2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21439/jme.v6i1.112.

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This article presents a Vivaldi Antipodal Antenna (AVA) with lens and radiating side cavities based on the Star Trek insignia, called Star Trek Side Edge Radiation (STSER-AVA). The objective was to improve parameters to make the radiation of the proposed antenna more directive. To this aim, the development is focused on reducing the squint of the central radiation beam and the side lobe level (SLL), as well as increasing the gain compared to a Conventional AVA. To achieve the objective, using an optimized design. The proposed antenna with or without a lens reached the target with a squint of -

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11

Ryzhikov, M. B. "Reducing the level of side lobes in the cluster microstrip antenna arrays of airborne weather radars for polar latitudes." T-Comm 18, no. 11 (2024): 22–29. https://doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2024-18-11-22-29.

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When solving the problem of on-board meteorological navigation for automatically controlled aircraft platforms or small aircraft both in the Arctic geo graphical zone and in the temperate zone, one of the key tasks in choosing a safe flight path is the requirement to bypass or fly over zones in which, based on the analysis of data obtained in the reflected signal, the presence of dangerous weather conditions for flight is established conditions: thunderstorms, intense precipitation in the form of snow or rain, turbulence or wind shear. As the results of research show, including for polar latit

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12

Liang, Lei, Yachao Jiang, Jialing Liu, Hailin Li, and Jianjiang Zhou. "Pattern Synthesis of Time-Modulated Sparse Array by an OPM-CVX Algorithm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (April 14, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5491921.

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This paper addresses the constrained multiobjective optimization problem of time-modulated sparse arrays. The synthesis objective is to find an optimal element arrangement and associated excitation strategy of sparse arrays, which realize the balance of radiation power and sideband suppression performance with minimum number of elements, and suppress side lobe level simultaneously. A novel hybrid algorithm based on orthogonal perturbation method and convex optimization (OPM-CVX) for the synthesis of time-modulated sparse antenna array is presented in this paper. In order to satisfy the main lo

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13

Zhao, Meng-Li, Fei-Yan Ji, Wen-Jun Lu, Yong Xiao, Da-Shuai Zhang, and Lei Zhu. "Backfire Patch Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Low Side-Lobe Level under Triple-Mode Resonance." International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 2023 (February 8, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9639026.

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A novel design approach to wideband, triple-mode resonant microstrip patch antenna with enhanced backfire gain and low side-lobe level, is advanced. The antenna consists of a 2.0-wavelength sectorial magnetic dipole and an annular sector reflector which width is an odd multiple(s) of 1/4-wavelength. Under high-order mode resonance, the principal radiator and the reflector can be tuned to electrically couple, thus simultaneously to yield enhanced backfire radiation and low side-lobe level. As is numerically simulated and experimentally validated, the width of reflector is finally determined to

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14

Li, Hongtao, Zhoupeng Ding, Sirui Tian, and Songpo Jin. "Transmit Beam Control in Low-Altitude Slow-Moving Small Targets Detection Based on Peak to Average Power Ratio Constraint." Electronics 11, no. 21 (2022): 3456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11213456.

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When the radar system detects low-altitude, small, slow-moving (LSS) targets, the strong clutter interference from the ground will cause false alarms and affect the detection performance. In this paper, a phased array radar transmit beam steering algorithm is proposed to minimize strong interference from ground radiation. By minimizing the weighted vector norm and choosing variable sidelobe levels, the beam pattern can achieve deep notches in the ground-related area and maintain good main lobe detection performance. Furthermore, the designed beam should be insensitive to array mismatch and be

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15

Raghuvanshi, Anoop, Abhinav Sharma, Abhishek Kumar Awasthi, et al. "Linear Antenna Array Pattern Synthesis Using Multi-Verse Optimization Algorithm." Electronics 13, no. 17 (2024): 3356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13173356.

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The design of an effective antenna array is a major challenge encountered in most communication systems. A much-needed requirement is obtaining a directional and high-gain radiation pattern. This study deals with the design of a linear antenna array that radiates with reduced peak-side lobe levels (PSLL), decreases side-lobe average power with and without the first null beamwidth (FNBW) constraint, places deep nulls in the desired direction, and minimizes the close-in-side lobe levels (CSLL). The nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm multi-verse optimization (MVO) is explored with other stat

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16

Denisov, D. V., and A. A. Tangamyan. "Special beamforming by means of a semi-spherical Lüneburg lens." Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Space Defence Corporation, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2021-2-28-34.

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The paper considers a semi-spherical Lüneburg lens with a conductive shield. In certain conditions a lens of such design may form radiation patterns without the side lobe or cosecant-type patterns. Such radiation patterns can be formed by controlling the following parameters: antenna feed angle, conductive shield diameter, dielectric substrate thickness. The paper focuses on particular cases of obtaining special-type radiation patterns.

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17

Hajiaghajani, Amirhossein, and Seungyoung Ahn. "Single-Sided Near-Field Wireless Power Transfer by A Three-Dimensional Coil Array." Micromachines 10, no. 3 (2019): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10030200.

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Wirelessly powered medical microrobots are often driven or localized by magnetic resonance imaging coils, whose signal-to-noise ratio is easily affected by the power transmitter coils that supply the microrobot. A controlled single-sided wireless power transmitter can enhance the imaging quality and suppress the radiation leakage. This paper presents a new form of electromagnet which automatically cancels the magnetic field to the back lobes by replacing the traditional circular coils with a three-dimensional (3D) coil scheme inspired by a generalized form of Halbach arrays. It is shown that,

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18

Dib, Nihad I. "Synthesis of thinned planar antenna arrays using teaching–learning-based optimization." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 7, no. 5 (2014): 557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714000798.

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In this paper, the design of thinned planar antenna arrays of isotropic radiators with optimum side lobe level reduction is studied. The teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) method, a newly proposed global evolutionary optimization method, is used to determine an optimum set of turned-ON elements of thinned planar antenna arrays that provides a radiation pattern with optimum side lobe level reduction. The TLBO represents a new algorithm for optimization problems in antenna arrays design. It is shown that the TLBO provides results that are better than (or the same as) those obtained usin

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19

Nafea, Safa N. "A Single Plane Low profile Patch Antenna π-Shaped Slots and Low Side Lobe Level for Directive Wireless Communications". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1291, № 1 (2023): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1291/1/012046.

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Abstract The patch antenna was used recently for ISM band (5.725 – 5.875) GHz, the patch antenna suffers of being an antenna with low gain as well as narrow operating bandwidth with high side lobe level (SSL) radiation pattern. A single plane with low profile and easy fabrication microstrip patch antenna has been proposed in this work was presented for directive communications and operates in Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band 5.8 GHz with low SLL radiation pattern and gain of 5.20 dB for pint to point (directive). The gain of antenna has been increased while SLL decreased due to s

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20

Binh, Nguyen Thanh, Nguyen Quoc Dinh, and Yosihide Yamada. "Mutual Coupling Effect in Unequally - Spaced Linear Antenna Array Performance." Journal of Science and Technology: Issue on Information and Communications Technology 18, no. 12.2 (2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31130/ict-ud.2020.129.

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Unequally-spaced arrays can offer some advantages over equally-spaced arrays as follows: reducing the side-lobed level for the broadband array with an identical excitation coefficient. However, array design techniques do not take into account the mutual coupling effect among elements. In this article, the effect of mutual coupling on the array radiation pattern is investigated and discussed through studying the input impedance of the elements. Next, a technique for reducingmutual coupling based on radiation patterns of elements is presented. In this technique, the log-periodic dipole antenna w

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21

Syed, Yusef A., Sung Jun Ma, and Jorge Gomez. "Unilateral vocal cord paralysis in squamous cell lung cancer treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 15, no. 4 (2016): 405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396916000388.

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AbstractAimWe report a unique presentation of a late side effect associated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of the lung.SummaryThe case of a 65-year-old male who developed left-sided vocal cord paralysis after two courses of SBRT for squamous cell lung carcinoma is presented. The patient developed this late toxicity 15 months after his second treatment, which was to address a recurrence in the perihilar region of the left upper lobe.

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22

Базанова, А. Д., К. А. Лайко, and Ю. О. Филимонова. "DIFFRACTION SIDE LOBES IN A FLAT ANTENNA ARRAY WITH A RADICAL GRID." ВЕСТНИК ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА, no. 1 (March 10, 2023): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2023.19.1.006.

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проведены исследования положения и уровня боковых дифракционных максимумов диаграммы направленности в плоской антенной решетке с радиальной сеткой расположения излучающих элементов. Представлены основные соотношения для расчета расстояний между излучателями для разных структур антенных решеток. Приводится сравнение расстояния между элементами в прямоугольной сетке с радиальной по критерию равного коэффициента заполнения антенного полотна излучающими элементами, при этом площадь прямоугольного раскрыва равна площади круглого. Для этого была показана зависимость шага для радиальной сетки располо

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23

Guo, Hua, Lin Cui, Xiaodan Zhang, and Yameng Jiao. "Synthesis of non-uniform circular antenna arrays with multiple constraints." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 3 (2017): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078717001295.

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Synthesis of non-uniform circular antenna arrays using a hybrid invasive weed optimization is introduced in this paper. The excitation weights and positions of array elements are optimized to reduce the peak side lobe level (PSLL) of the radiation pattern. The method proposed in this paper can effectively constrain the number of the array elements, size of the array, and the angular spacing of the adjacent element simultaneously. The radiation pattern has the constraint of a fixed major lobe beamwidth. Synthesis results of three different circular antenna arrays are given. The results show the

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24

Chhatkuli, Subas, Seiichi Koshizuka, and Mitsuru Uesaka. "Dynamic Tracking of Lung Deformation during Breathing by Using Particle Method." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/190307.

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To reduce the side effects and to improve the efficiency of radiation therapy in lung cancer, a pinpoint radiation therapy system is under development. In the system, the movement of lung tumor during breathing could be estimated by employing a suitable numerical modeling technique. This paper presents a gridless numerical technique called Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method to simulate the lung deformation during breathing. The potential of the proposed method to employ in the future pinpoint radiation therapy system has been explored. Deformation of lung during breathing was dynamical

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25

Hamadamin, Karim Hawbash. "Study and Analyzing the Circular Dish Radar Antennas Pattern." International Journal of Sciences Volume 3, no. 2014-09 (2014): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3348785.

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In this paper we discuss analysis and synthesis techniques for planar circular arrays usable in passive HF target ranging. The elements geometries are assumed and analyzed for the array. The frequencies of the bands are taken as; S-band (2 and 4) GHz, C-band (5 and 8) GHz and X-band (9 and 12.4) GHz. The frequencies are taken for the initial and terminal of the specified bands. The circular dish array antenna was used to study the three - dimensional array radiation pattern for circular aperture with diameter (0.3m) at a given wavelength. Linear and polar array radiation patterns were analyzed

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Chung, Youchung, and Teklebrhan H. Berhe. "Long-Range UHF RFID Tag for Automotive License Plate." Sensors 21, no. 7 (2021): 2521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072521.

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In this paper, various locations of an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag on automotive license plates have been considered based on the radiation pattern of the tag antenna. A small, 130 × 50 mm, passive loop antenna type UHF RFID tag for an automotive license plate was simulated with an EM simulation CST program. It was designed to have a larger back-lobe radiation pattern since the front side of the tag faces the back side of the plate holder to protect the tag antenna from bugs and dust when the automobile runs. The tag was attached to the side of a licens

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Rusov, Yu S., and A. A. Propastin. "Odd Mathieu Functions Application to Synthesize a Multi-element Radiator Flat-topped Radiation Pattern." Radio Engineering, no. 3 (November 9, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36027/rdeng.0321.0000194.

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The paper studies synthesizing capabilities of a flat-topped radiation pattern when using the expansion of the target radiation pattern into a series in terms of odd Mathieu functions. As parameters for comparing the target and synthesized radiation patterns, we used a main-lobe width at a level of -1 dB and an irregularity of the top of the main-lobe of the radiation pattern. The sector-shaped radiation pattern has been synthesized for linear radiators of various lengths. The convergence of the coefficients of the Mathieu series in the synthesis of the sector-shaped radiation pattern has been

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Sokolov, V. S., M. A. Stepanov, V. V. Artyushenko, and A. O. Podkopaev. "Application of Genetic Algorithm for Synthesizing Onedimensional Thinned Antenna Arrays to form Twodimensional Thinned MIMO Antenna Arrays." Ural Radio Engineering Journal 7, no. 4 (2024): 423–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/urej.2023.7.4.004.

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The possibility of using thinned classical linear antenna arrays to synthesize two-dimensional thinned MIMO antenna arrays on their basis is considered. The MIMO antenna array which receiving and transmitting elements are located on two mutually orthogonal lines is regarded. On the example of this array it is shown that the directivity diagram of its virtual aperture has the property of separability of spatial variables. It allows using the arrangement of elements of a thinned classical linear antenna array for the receiving and transmitting elements lines. It is demonstrated that a thinned MI

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29

Otero-Gómez, Ibai, María Elena López-Martín, Juan Antonio Rodríguez-González, and Francisco José Ares-Pena. "Synthesising a Fixed-Length Equispaced Linear Array to Produce Dolph–Chebyshev Patterns with Deep Nulls, a Desired Side Lobe Level and Different Beamwidths." Sensors 25, no. 6 (2025): 1685. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25061685.

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A method for the synthesis of equally spaced antenna arrays based on the extension of the Orchard–Elliott–Stern technique to radiation patterns with three roots on the negative real axis of the Shelkunoff unit circle is presented. One of these roots is placed on the unit circle and the other two are off the unit circle with coordinates r and 1/r. For a desired side lobe level (SLL), the synthesis of patterns with these roots allows for a multiplicity of solutions with different amplitude ratios, obtained by varying the value of r, each of which presents radiation patterns with different beamwi

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Mishra, Suchana, Rabindra Kishore Mishra, and Srikanta Patnaik. "Radiation Pattern of a Microstrip Antenna on a Trapezoidal Substrate." International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 16 (January 14, 2022): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9106.2022.16.67.

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This paper deals with a rectangular microstrip antenna on a trapezoidal substrate. It finds radiation pattern of the antenna using the concept of fractional cross product. Results show that as the fraction goes from 1 to 0.1, the direction of null in the H-plane moves from end fire towards broad side. Also, a back-lobe starts to appear in the H-plane.

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Wang, Xiao, Liang Zhang, and Xiangdong Meng. "Planar array sparse distribution based on T-2GWO algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2807, no. 1 (2024): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2807/1/012021.

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Abstract This paper introduces an approach termed T-2GWO (Tent chaos-dual channel Grey Wolf Optimization) algorithm designed for achieving sparse distribution within constrained position ranges for planar arrays. The initial population is generated by using the Tent Chaos algorithm, modeling individual coordinate positions within the population as a two-channel matrix. Subsequently, the Grey Wolf Algorithm is employed for optimization purposes. The algorithm has verified its effectiveness under the assumption of uniform excitation and can obtain the minimum peak side lobe level, reaching peak

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Guo, Jiaying, Zheng Li, Junhong Wang, Meie Chen, and Zhan Zhang. "Analysis and Design of Leaky-Wave Antenna with Low SLL Based on Half-Mode SIW Structure." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/570693.

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This paper presents a novel leaky-wave antenna based on the Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (HMSIW) structure with low side lobe level. The effect of the structural parameters of the LWAs on the radiation performances is studied. Using beam-forming technique, the leakage loss factorαalong the radiation aperture is designed in a tapered way by controlling the aperture depth along the structure. This controls the radiated power along the antenna aperture and finally achieves the radiation pattern with low SLL. Furthermore, the antenna structure is optimized to get an even lower SLL.

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Pavlov, I. D., Ya V. Karaev, and M. A. Kot. "Ultra Wide Band Dielectric Rod Antenna." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 23, no. 2 (2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2020-23-2-38-45.

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Introduction. Often, the space allocated for placement of an antenna has an inconvenient shape for this. The inconvenience is that its overall dimensions, namely the length and height, relate to each other approximately as 5:1. The task of placing the antenna in the space, in the absence of ready-made solutions, involves the development of an antenna with a similar ratio (5:1) of overall dimensions and with the possibility of convenient mounting on a flat conductive surface. Also, in the 9:1 frequency band, the antenna should have the following radio technical characteristics: voltage standing

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N., N. Ahmad Nazri, N. Nik Abd Malik N., Idoumghar L., M. Abdul Latiff N., and Ali S. "Backtracking Search Optimization for Collaborative Beamforming in Wireless Sensor Networks." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 16, no. 4 (2018): 1801–8. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v16i4.9058.

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Due to energy limitation and constraint in communication capabilities, the undesirable high battery power consumption has become one of the major issues in wireless sensor network (WSN). Therefore, a collaborative beamforming (CB) method was introduced with the aim to improve the radiation beampattern in order to compensate the power consumption. A CB is a technique which can increase the sensor node gain and performance by aiming at the desired objectives through intelligent capabilities. The sensor nodes were located randomly in WSN environment. The nodes were designed to cooperate among eac

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Nasir, Muhammad, Yulong Xia, Abu Bakar Sharif, et al. "A High Gain Embedded Helix and Dielectric Rod Antenna with Low Side Lobe Levels for IoT Applications." Sensors 22, no. 20 (2022): 7760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207760.

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In this paper, a novel embedded helix dielectric rod antenna is presented for high gain radiation with circular polarization (CP) and low side lobe levels for IoT Applications. Different from the conventional dielectric rod antennas, this proposed antenna is an integrated structure that combines the advantages of the helix and dielectric rod antennas. The presented antenna mainly consists of three parts: a tapered helix as primary feeding for CP, a dielectric rod with printed loops embedded for higher directivity, and a dielectric rod end for improving the gain further. After studying and anal

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Legkiy, N. M., and N. V. Mikheev. "Selection of location of radiators in a non-equivident antenna array." Russian Technological Journal 8, no. 6 (2020): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2020-8-6-54-62.

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Antennas are one of the main elements of radio engineering systems. Phased antenna arrays (PAR), which make it possible to regulate the direction of radiation due to the ability to control the phases or phase differences of the emitted signal, are the most effective types of antennas. The size, design and shape of the PAR depend on the tasks to be solved, the type of emitters and the nature of their location. The article discusses the transformation of an equidistant PAR into a non-equidistant antenna array in order to reduce the level of side lobes and suppress diffraction maxima with a given

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Abimbola, Raji A. "Effects of Spacing and Number of Elements on the Fields Radiated by Linear Arrays of Equally Spaced Elements." Circulation in Computer Science 2, no. 9 (2017): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22632/ccs-2017-252-55.

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This paper examines the effects of spacings and number of elements on the radiation features of linear antenna of uniformly spaced elements, oriented in end fire directions. Use is made of pattern multiplication concept to evaluate the electric field radiated by the antenna when excited with sinusoidal current distribution. It is found that, when the spacings between the elements of the array are , and , respectively, the radiated field patterns of models of the array depict radiations in broadside and end fire directions while at lower spacings of and , radiations exist only along the end fir

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Крюков, Д. Ю., А. В. Останков, А. Ю. Чернышев, and С. Ю. Дашян. "IMPROVEMENT OF DIRECTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFRACTION RADIATION ANTENNA BY VARYING PROFILE OF RADIATING OPENING." ВЕСТНИК ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА, no. 1 (March 14, 2022): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2022.18.1.009.

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Обеспечение эффективной работы большинства современных радиотехнических систем в диапазонах СВЧ и КВЧ невозможно без использования антенн, обладающих высоким коэффициентом полезного действия (КПД), способных формировать в пространстве остронаправленные лучи диаграммы направленности (ДН). Задача обеспечения требуемой ширины главного лепестка ДН при малом уровне бокового излучения может быть решена за счет реализации оптимального амплитудного распределения поля в раскрыве. Рассматривается антенна вытекающей волны дифракционного типа, представляющая собой открытую излучающую линию передачи и соде

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Zaman, Mohammad Asif, and MD Abdul Matin. "Far-field formulation of a Cassegrain reflector using a novel illumination function and aperture field integration." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 4, no. 6 (2012): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078712000633.

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In this paper, the far-field pattern of a Cassegrain reflector is formulated. A novel illumination function is used to approximate the field distribution at the aperture of the reflector. The defined illumination function takes into account the central aperture blockage created by the subreflector. Using the illumination function, a closed-form expression describing the far-field radiation pattern of the Cassegrain reflector is formulated. The radiation pattern obtained from the derived equation is compared with the results obtained from physical optics and physical theory of diffraction. The

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Segun, Adewumi Adebayo, Eleyele Dolapo Emmanuel, Alagbe Atilade George, and Azeez Ibraheem Abiodun. "DESIGN, SIMULATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF HELICAL ANTENNA FOR 4G AND 5G MOBILE NETWORKS COMPLIANCE." Acta Electronica Malaysia 8, no. 2 (2024): 39–44. https://doi.org/10.26480/aem.02.2024.39.44.

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The 5G cellular network aims to address bandwidth needs due to the large number of subscribers worldwide. However, higher-bandwidth antennas are needed to integrate into the design. Helical antennas offer design simplicity, gain, and wider bandwidth, but their radiation pattern narrows bandwidth as diameter and turn increase. This paper aims to develop and evaluate the performance of helical antennas at different dimensions and turns for 4G and 5G network frequency applications. The study used MATLAB 2021a to design and simulate helical antennas with various turns. Parameters like width, spaci

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Mandal, Durbadal, Aniruddha Chandra, Prasad Sakti, and Kumar Bhattacharjee. "Side lobe reduction of a concentric circular antenna array using genetic algorithm." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 7, no. 2 (2010): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1002141m.

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A concentric circular antenna array (CCAA) consists of elements positioned on the periphery of imaginary circles on a plane having a common centre and different radii. The simplest way to feed the elements of such an array is to use uniform excitation. However, with a non-uniform excitation profile, considerable reduction of the side lobe level (SLL) may be achieved at the cost of the added complexity. The difference of SLLs (with respect to the uniform excitation case) becomes even more prominent when the beamwidth of the antenna needs to be kept fixed. In this paper, we formulate the task of

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Abdelrahman, S. I., A. H. Hussein, and A. E. A. Shaalan. "A Hybrid GA/GE Beamforming Technique for Side Lobe Cancellation of Linear Antenna Arrays." Advanced Electromagnetics 10, no. 2 (2021): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i2.1440.

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Side lobe level reduction is one of the most critical research topics in antenna arrays beamforming as it mitigates the interfering and jamming signals. In this paper, a hybrid combination between the Genetic algorithm (GA) optimization technique and the gauss elimination (GE) equation solving technique is utilized for the introduction of the proposed GA/GE beamforming technique for linear antenna arrays. The proposed technique estimates the optimum excitation coefficients and the non-uniform inter-elements spacing for a specific side lobe (SL) cancellation without disturbing the half power be

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Ndimubandi, Samuel de Jésus, Xiao Ding, and Yu Zeng. "A Wide-Angle Scanning Planar Array Based on Four-Mode Pattern-Reconfigurable Elements." International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 2023 (February 8, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7871837.

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This paper presents a design of a wide-angle scanning planar array based on a reconfigurable antenna with four radiation patterns for 5G applications. The pattern-reconfigurable antennas (PRAs), capable of switching into four radiation patterns with the help of PIN diodes, constitute the basic elements of the planar array. By exciting each port individually and combining the scans of the PRAs operating at four symmetrical modes in four quadrant subspaces, the main beam of the proposed scanning planar array can scan subspaces I, II, III, and IV by directing the main lobe from -65° to 65° with s

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Lazarev, Andrey V., Andrey Yu Kiselev, Anatoly M. Bobreshov, and Grigory K. Uskov. "Synthesis of a Luneburg lens with a flat surface using quasi-conformal transformation optics." Physics of Wave Processes and Radio Systems 23, no. 4 (2021): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18469/1810-3189.2020.23.4.68-73.

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Annotation In modern systems of radiolocation, navigation and communication, the requirements for antennas are becoming higher requirements every year, namely: operation in a wide frequency range, the ability to change of direction of the main lobe of the radiation pattern. Antenna systems with similar characteristics can be built using dielectric antenna beamforming structures. One of these structures is the Luneberg lens, the peculiarity of which is its spherical symmetry. However, the curved surface of this lens significantly complicates the placement of transmitting and receiving elements

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Khirotdin, Rd Khairilhijra, Muhammad Adzeem Mahadzir, Muhammad Musawwir M Nor Nazli, et al. "Printing of Wearable Antenna on Textile." MATEC Web of Conferences 150 (2018): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815004001.

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A wearable antenna which is meant to be a part of the clothing used for communication purposes includes tracking, navigation and mobile computing has been seen in demand due to the recent miniaturization of wireless devices. Printing of conductive ink provides flexibility properties on electronics thus allowing it to be used on conformal surfaces. However, the current printing techniques mostly suffer from ink incompatibility and limited of substrates to be printed with. Hence, this paper intend to discloses the printing of wearable antenna using alternative technique via syringe-based deposit

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Abdulhameed, Muhannad Kaml, M. S. Mohamad Isa, I. M. Ibrahim, et al. "Side lobe reduction in array antenna by using novel design of EBG." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (2020): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp308-315.

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<p>A novel design of EBG is used to replace the mushroom like EBG for surrounding the array patch antenna. In order to improve its radiation performances, Electromagnetic band stop for reducing the surface waves effects is presented. The novel design of Triple Side Slotted EBG (TSSEBG) showed an improvement in the antenna efficiency, directivity and gain as compared to the reference antenna without using EBG, due to reduce the surface waves effects which leads to decrease the side lobes. TSSEBG has been introduced by some modifications in conventional mushroom-like EBG structure. Reducin

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M., K. Abdulhameed, S. Mohamad Isa M., M. Ibrahim I., et al. "Side lobe reduction in array antenna by using novel design of EBG." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (2020): 308–15. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp308-315.

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A novel design of EBG is used to replace the mushroom like EBG for surrounding the array patch antenna. In order to improve its radiation performances, Electromagnetic band stop for reducing the surface waves effects is presented. The novel design of Triple Side Slotted EBG (TSSEBG) showed an improvement in the antenna efficiency, directivity and gain as compared to the reference antenna without using EBG, due to reduce the surface waves effects which leads to decrease the side lobes. TSSEBG has been introduced by some modifications in conventional mushroom-like EBG structure. Reducing the com

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Kim, Y. U. "Peak Directivity Optimization Under Side Lobe Level Constraints in Antenna Arrays." Electromagnetics 8, no. 1 (1988): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726348808908205.

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Acharya, Om Prakash, Amalendu Patnaik, and Sachendra N. Sinha. "Null Steering in Failed Antenna Arrays." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/692197.

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Antenna array pattern nulling is desirable in order to suppress the interfering signals. But in large antenna arrays, there is always a possibility of failure of some elements, which may degrade the radiation pattern with an increase in side lobe level (SLL) and removal of the nulls from desired position. In this paper a correction procedure is introduced based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) which maintains the nulling performance of the failed antenna array. Considering the faulty elements as nonradiating elements, PSO reoptimizes the weights of the remaining radiating elements to resha

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OKUBO, Shigeru, and Fumikazu MINAMIYAMA. "Controlling Asymmetric Equal Side Lobe Level in Radiation Patterns of Array Antenna using Genetic Algorithm." Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics 22, no. 1 (2010): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3156/jsoft.22.135.

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