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Journal articles on the topic 'Side lobe reduction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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1

Adithya valli, N., and Dr D. Elizabath Rani. "Modified PWNLFM Signal for Side-Lobe Reduction." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.20 (2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.20.22110.

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Many applications in radar systems require low range side-lobe performance which is achieved by pulse compression processing. Most used chirp signal for this processing is linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal but with a presence of first high side-lobe level. Suppression of this side-lobe requires weighting function causing the reduction in signal to noise ratio at the receiver owing to mismatch loss. Non-linear chirp signals are introduced as a solution and became most practiced signals aimed at reducing side-lobes. In this paper, an overall piece wise non-linear frequency modulation chir

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2

Gardner, Mick, and Michael L. Oelze. "The tradeoffs between grating lobes and larger array pitch using null subtraction imaging." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (2023): A352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0019127.

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Null Subtraction Imaging (NSI) is a new beamforming technique for producing B-mode images that results in high spatial resolution and low computational cost compared to other high-spatial resolution imaging techniques. Previous work has demonstrated that in addition to a narrow main lobe and low side lobes, NSI can also reduce or mitigate grating lobes. Grating lobes can appear when the wavelength of ultrasound is larger than the pitch of the array and these grating lobes can result in imaging artifacts. Lower grating lobes on a larger pitch array could allow larger linear arrays for abdominal

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Askeland, Bjørn, Halvor Hobæk, and Rolf Mjelde. "Semiperiodic chirp sequences reduce autocorrelation side lobes of pulsed signals." GEOPHYSICS 73, no. 3 (2008): Q19—Q27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2903820.

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A time-coded sequence of source pulses has been designed to allow for increased range to the target and reduced side-lobe energy with correlation. The method was designed for a new type of marine-combustion seismic source that can be fired repeatedly, but the method also can be applied to other acoustic-pulsed sources. The basic concept is that one can reduce autocorrelation side lobes by using semiperiodic sequences to concentrate much of the side-lobe noise into time intervals corresponding to the semiperiod. Signals can then be detected with better sensitivity in the time interval after the

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Chukka, Anoosha, and B. T. Krishna. "Peak Side Lobe Reduction analysis of NLFM and Improved NLFM Radar signal." AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE) 21, no. 2 (2022): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53799/ajse.v21i2.440.

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Signal design is an important component for good performance of radar systems. Here, the problem of determining a good radar signal with the objective of minimizing autocorrelation sidelobes is addressed. Linear Frequency Modulated signal (LFM) is frequently used pulse compression waveform. But using LFM makes it necessary to use weighting techniques in order to reduce the side lobes which considerably decrease the SNR. At the radar receiver, the LFM signal results in first side lobe of -13dB corresponding to the main lobe. This may reduce the resultant SNR usually by 1 or 2dB. In this paper,

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Kavitha, Chandu. "Optimization of two-stage NLFM signal using Heuristic approach." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 44 (2020): 4465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v13i44.1841.

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Background/Objectives: The design of appropriate Non-Linear Frequency Modulation (NLFM) signals continues to be the focus of research in radar pulse compression theory for sidelobe reduction. This study focuses on a heuristic design and optimization algorithm to optimize the side lobe values of the NLFM signal designed using two-piece wise linear frequency modulation (LFM) functions. Methods: 1) Heuristic search identifies the optimum B1, T1, and B2, T2, which yield the lowest sidelobe value of the designed function.2) Compute all the side lobe values of the designed NLFM signal using an algor

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Chandu, Kavitha, Adithya Valli Nettem, and Dasari Madhavaprasad. "Optimization of two-stage NLFM signal using Heuristic approach." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 44 (2020): 4465–73. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v13i44.1841.

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Abstract <strong>Background/Objectives:</strong> The design of appropriate Non-Linear Frequency Modulation (NLFM) signals continues to be the focus of research in radar pulse compression theory for sidelobe reduction. This study focuses on a heuristic design and optimization algorithm to optimize the side lobe values of the NLFM signal designed using two-piece wise linear frequency modulation (LFM) functions. <strong>Methods:</strong> 1) Heuristic search identifies the optimum B1, T1, and B2, T2, which yield the lowest sidelobe value of the designed function.2) Compute all the s

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7

Cheney, Margaret, and Ivars Kirsteins. "Reducing ambiguities in single-hydrophone matched-field processing by exploiting source motion." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (2023): A298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018922.

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Matched-field processing for localizing an underwater acoustic source in range and depth from power-spectrum measurements obtained at a single hydrophone receiver often suffers from high side-lobes and ambiguities when the signal is narrowband or signal bandwidth is small. In this paper we review how source motion can be utilized to reduce side-lobes in depth and range via an incoherent synthetic-aperture-like approach and explain the mechanisms responsible for side-lobe reduction relative to the height of the main-lobe by using a normal-mode expansion for the pressure field. We also derive an

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8

Ifeoma, B. Asianuba. "Side Lobe Reduction in Linear Array Antenna using Numerical Computation Approach." European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 6, no. 4 (2019): 29–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10687581.

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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Large amount of energy is saved when a transmitting antenna propagates its field radiations painstakingly in the required direction of propagation. For this reason, reduction in side lobe radiation is essential to avoid degrading the total power and efficiency of the radiating structure. In this paper, a numerical approach is adopted other than the well known stochastic approach to reduce side lobe radiations in linear array antennas. This choice is as a result of the short design cycle of the numerical solution for antenna field problems, full exploration of design s

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9

Mohammed, Rasha Bashar, and Jafar R. Mohammed. "Side Lobe Reduction Using Non-Uniform Linear Phased Arrays." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1152, no. 1 (2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1152/1/012014.

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10

Mohammed, Jafar Ramadhan. "An optimum side-lobe reduction method with weight perturbation." Journal of Computational Electronics 18, no. 2 (2019): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10825-019-01323-5.

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11

Satrusallya, Sarmistha, and Shaktijeet Mahapatra. "Invasive weed optimization for side lobe reduction in antenna array." Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences 43, no. 5 (2022): 1121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02522667.2022.2094549.

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12

Mandal, D., V. P. Roy, A. Chattrejee, and A. K. Bhattacharjee. "Side Lobe Reduction of Concentric Thinned Antenna Array Using Evolutionary Algorithms." IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 9, no. 3 (2014): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1676-09334349.

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13

Pita, Julián L., Ivan Aldaya, Octávio J. S. Santana, Luís E. E. de araujo, Paulo Dainese, and Lucas H. Gabrielli. "Side-lobe level reduction in bio-inspired optical phased-array antennas." Optics Express 25, no. 24 (2017): 30105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.030105.

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14

Pacheco-Pena, V., M. Navarro-Cia, B. Orazbayev, I. V. Minin, O. V. Minin, and M. Beruete. "Zoned Fishnet Lens Antenna With Reference Phase for Side-Lobe Reduction." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63, no. 8 (2015): 3710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2015.2432855.

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15

Thakur, Ankur, Salman Raju Talluri, and Rajib Kumar Panigrahi. "Side-lobe reduction in pulse compression having a better range resolution." Computers & Electrical Engineering 74 (March 2019): 520–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2018.03.004.

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16

Yu, Cheng-Cheh. "Side-lobe reduction of a symmetric broadside array by spacing perturbation." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 13, no. 3 (1996): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2760(19961020)13:3<147::aid-mop9>3.0.co;2-n.

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17

Dib, Nihad I. "Synthesis of thinned planar antenna arrays using teaching–learning-based optimization." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 7, no. 5 (2014): 557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714000798.

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In this paper, the design of thinned planar antenna arrays of isotropic radiators with optimum side lobe level reduction is studied. The teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) method, a newly proposed global evolutionary optimization method, is used to determine an optimum set of turned-ON elements of thinned planar antenna arrays that provides a radiation pattern with optimum side lobe level reduction. The TLBO represents a new algorithm for optimization problems in antenna arrays design. It is shown that the TLBO provides results that are better than (or the same as) those obtained usin

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18

P, Chaitanya, Deepa N P, and Punyashree R. "BEAMFORMING WITH MASSIVE MIMO SYSTEMS IN 5G - REDUCTION OF BEAMWIDTH AND SIDELOBES." ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology 11, no. 3 (2020): 2222–27. https://doi.org/10.21917/ijct.2020.0328.

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Beamforming is the process of directing the beam towards the desired direction while suppressing the signals from other directions. Multiple Input Multiple Output systems along with beamforming has a major influence on the next-generation wireless communication system. Techniques like beamforming is increasing its use in cellular telecommunication and particularly in 5G. The work carried out is to reduce the beam width of the main lobe of the beam pattern. Reducing the beam-width ensures that more signals can be radiated in the serving area. By increasing the separation between array elements,

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19

Mandal, Durbadal, Aniruddha Chandra, Prasad Sakti, and Kumar Bhattacharjee. "Side lobe reduction of a concentric circular antenna array using genetic algorithm." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 7, no. 2 (2010): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1002141m.

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A concentric circular antenna array (CCAA) consists of elements positioned on the periphery of imaginary circles on a plane having a common centre and different radii. The simplest way to feed the elements of such an array is to use uniform excitation. However, with a non-uniform excitation profile, considerable reduction of the side lobe level (SLL) may be achieved at the cost of the added complexity. The difference of SLLs (with respect to the uniform excitation case) becomes even more prominent when the beamwidth of the antenna needs to be kept fixed. In this paper, we formulate the task of

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20

A.Babale, S., D. D. Dajab, and K. Ahmad. "Synthesis of a Linear Antenna Array for Maximum Side-lobe Level Reduction." International Journal of Computer Applications 85, no. 16 (2014): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/14925-3445.

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21

Veisee, S., and Sh Asadi. "A Modified Unequally Spaced Array Antenna Synthesis Method for Side Lobe Reduction." Radioengineering 26, no. 1 (2017): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.13164/re.2017.0114.

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22

Abdulhameed, Muhannad Kaml, M. S. Mohamad Isa, I. M. Ibrahim, et al. "Side lobe reduction in array antenna by using novel design of EBG." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (2020): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp308-315.

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<p>A novel design of EBG is used to replace the mushroom like EBG for surrounding the array patch antenna. In order to improve its radiation performances, Electromagnetic band stop for reducing the surface waves effects is presented. The novel design of Triple Side Slotted EBG (TSSEBG) showed an improvement in the antenna efficiency, directivity and gain as compared to the reference antenna without using EBG, due to reduce the surface waves effects which leads to decrease the side lobes. TSSEBG has been introduced by some modifications in conventional mushroom-like EBG structure. Reducin

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23

Asianuba, Ifeoma, and Dike Precious. "Cockroach Swarm Optimization for Side Lobe Level Reduction in Linear Array Antenna." International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering 10, no. 3 (2023): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23488549/ijece-v10i3p104.

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24

Bae, Ji-Hoon, Kyung-Tae Kim, Joon-Ho Lee, Hyo-Tae Kim, and Jae-Ick Choi. "Design of steerable non-uniform linear array geometry for side-lobe reduction." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 36, no. 5 (2003): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.10765.

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25

M., K. Abdulhameed, S. Mohamad Isa M., M. Ibrahim I., et al. "Side lobe reduction in array antenna by using novel design of EBG." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (2020): 308–15. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp308-315.

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A novel design of EBG is used to replace the mushroom like EBG for surrounding the array patch antenna. In order to improve its radiation performances, Electromagnetic band stop for reducing the surface waves effects is presented. The novel design of Triple Side Slotted EBG (TSSEBG) showed an improvement in the antenna efficiency, directivity and gain as compared to the reference antenna without using EBG, due to reduce the surface waves effects which leads to decrease the side lobes. TSSEBG has been introduced by some modifications in conventional mushroom-like EBG structure. Reducing the com

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26

D, Ravi Tej, Sri Kavya Ch K, and Sarat K. Kotamraju. "An improved peak side lobe reduction method for linear array antenna for military applications." International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 14, no. 2 (2021): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijicc-09-2020-0127.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to improve energy efficiency and further reduction of side lobe level the algorithm proposed is firework algorithm. In this paper, roused by the eminent swarm conduct of firecrackers, a novel multitude insight calculation called fireworks algorithm (FA) is proposed for work enhancement. The FA is introduced and actualized by mimicking the blast procedure of firecrackers. In the FA, two blast (search) forms are utilized and systems for keeping decent variety of sparkles are likewise all around planned. To approve the presentation of the proposed FA, correlati

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Bae, Ji-Hoon, Kyung-Tae Kim, Cheol-Sig Pyo, and Jong-Suk Chae. "Design of Scannable Non-uniform Planar Array Structure for Maximum Side-Lobe Reduction." ETRI Journal 26, no. 1 (2004): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4218/etrij.04.0203.0007.

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28

Kumar, Sushant, Naif Alshamrani, Andrew Grieco, and Yeshaiahu Fainman. "Side-lobe reduction by cascading Bragg grating filters on a Si-photonic chip." Optics Express 30, no. 6 (2022): 9983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.446588.

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29

Li, Yue-Li, Xiang-Yang Li, and Zhi-Min Zhou. "Side-Lobe Reduction for Radio Frequency Interference Suppression via Clipping of Strong Scatterers." IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 13, no. 8 (2016): 1178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2016.2574908.

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30

S. AZIZ, Jabir. "Design of a Novel Patch Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Side Lobe Reduction." Engineering and Technology Journal 30, no. 16 (2012): 2884–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.30.16.11.

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31

Abdelrahman, S. I., A. H. Hussein, and A. E. A. Shaalan. "A Hybrid GA/GE Beamforming Technique for Side Lobe Cancellation of Linear Antenna Arrays." Advanced Electromagnetics 10, no. 2 (2021): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i2.1440.

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Side lobe level reduction is one of the most critical research topics in antenna arrays beamforming as it mitigates the interfering and jamming signals. In this paper, a hybrid combination between the Genetic algorithm (GA) optimization technique and the gauss elimination (GE) equation solving technique is utilized for the introduction of the proposed GA/GE beamforming technique for linear antenna arrays. The proposed technique estimates the optimum excitation coefficients and the non-uniform inter-elements spacing for a specific side lobe (SL) cancellation without disturbing the half power be

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32

Cheung, Eva Yi Wah, Kevin Ho Yuen Lee, Wilson Tin Long Lau, Amy Pik Yan Lau, and Pak Ying Wat. "Non-coplanar VMAT plans for postoperative primary brain tumour to reduce dose to hippocampus, temporal lobe and cochlea: a planning study." BJR|Open 3, no. 1 (2021): 20210009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjro.20210009.

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Objectives: This study aimed to compare radiotherapy plan quality of coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy (CO-VMAT) and non-coplanar VMAT (NC-VMAT) for post-operative primary brain tumour. Methods: A total of 16 patients who were treated for primary brain tumours were retrospectively selected for this study. For each patient, identical CT sets with structures were used for both CO-VMAT and NC-VMAT planning. For CO-VMAT, one full arc and two coplanar half arcs were used. For NC-VMAT, one full coplanar and two non-coplanar half arcs with couch rotation of 315° or 45° were used. Dose constra

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33

Dessouky, Moawad Ibrahim, Hamdy A. Sharshar, and Yasser Attia Albagory. "OPTIMUM NORMALIZED-GAUSSIAN TAPERING WINDOW FOR SIDE LOBE REDUCTION IN UNIFORM CONCENTRIC CIRCULAR ARRAYS." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 69 (2007): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier06111301.

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34

A, Chatterjee, and Mahanti G.K. "SIDE LOBE REDUCTION OF A UNIFORMLY EXCITED CONCENTRIC RING ARRAY ANTENNA USING EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS." ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology 01, no. 04 (2010): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21917/ijct.2010.0033.

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35

Tomaz, Antônio, Joaquim J. Barroso, and Ugur Cem Hasar. "Side Lobe Reduction in an X-Band Horn Antenna Loaded by a Wire Medium." Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management 7, no. 3 (2015): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5028/jatm.v7i3.468.

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36

Mandal, Durbadal, Md Asif Iqbal Ansari, Rajib Kar, and S. P. Ghoshal. "Non-uniform Concentric Circular Antenna Array Design using IPSO Technique for Side Lobe Reduction." Procedia Technology 6 (2012): 856–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2012.10.104.

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37

Das, Avishek, D. Mandal, S. P. Ghoshal, and R. Kar. "A Heuristic Approach to Design Linear and Circular Antenna Array for Side Lobe Reduction." Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Electrical Engineering 43, S1 (2018): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40998-018-0147-4.

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38

Nandi, Pampa, and Jibendu Sekhar Roy. "Side Lobe Level Reduction of Phased Array Using Tchebyscheff Distribution and Particle Swarm Optimization." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 9, no. 4 (2017): 3274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21817/ijet/2017/v9i4/170904123.

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39

Thakur, Ankur, and Davinder Singh Saini. "Bandwidth optimization and side-lobe levels reduction in PC radar using Legendre orthogonal polynomials." Digital Signal Processing 101 (June 2020): 102705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2020.102705.

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40

Wang, Xiao, Liang Zhang, and Xiangdong Meng. "Planar array sparse distribution based on T-2GWO algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2807, no. 1 (2024): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2807/1/012021.

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Abstract This paper introduces an approach termed T-2GWO (Tent chaos-dual channel Grey Wolf Optimization) algorithm designed for achieving sparse distribution within constrained position ranges for planar arrays. The initial population is generated by using the Tent Chaos algorithm, modeling individual coordinate positions within the population as a two-channel matrix. Subsequently, the Grey Wolf Algorithm is employed for optimization purposes. The algorithm has verified its effectiveness under the assumption of uniform excitation and can obtain the minimum peak side lobe level, reaching peak

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41

Marks, William J. "Brain Stimulation for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy." Epilepsy Currents 3, no. 2 (2003): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-7597.2003.03204.x.

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Long-term Amygdalohippocampal Stimulation for Refractory Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Vonck K, Boon P, Achten E, De Reuck J, Caemaert J Ann Neurol 2002;52(5):556–565 Short-term deep brain stimulation (DBS) recently has been shown to be efficacious in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. We (a) evaluated long-term DBS in medial temporal lobe structures in patients with normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and (b) investigated the use of long-term DBS electrodes for the localization of the ictal onset zone before DBS. In three patients with complex partial seizures (CPSs), DBS electrodes wer

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Khalilpour, Jafar, Javad Ranjbar, and Poorya Karami. "A novel algorithm in a linear phased array system for side lobe and grating lobe level reduction with large element spacing." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 104, no. 3 (2020): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-020-01612-1.

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Reyna, Alberto, Jesús C. Garza, Luz I. Balderas, et al. "Virtual Antenna Arrays with Frequency Diversity for Radar Systems in Fifth-Generation Flying Ad Hoc Networks." Applied Sciences 14, no. 10 (2024): 4219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14104219.

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This paper proposes the design of virtual antenna arrays with frequency diversity for radar systems in fifth-generation flying ad hoc networks. These virtual arrays permit us to detect targets from the sky with flying drones. Each array element is composed of a microstrip antenna mounted on quadcopter drones and is virtually connected with the other elements. The antennas are tuned to work at the lower fifth-generation frequency band of 3.5 GHz. The design process considers the optimization of frequency offsets and positions for each element to obtain a side lobe level reduction. This methodol

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Kamrath, Luke, Michael Baginski, and Scott Martin. "Reduction of Doppler and Range Ambiguity Using AES-192 Encryption-Based Pulse Coding." Sensors 23, no. 5 (2023): 2568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052568.

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This research investigates the use of a Binary Phase Shift Key (BPSK) sequence derived from the 192-bit key Advanced Encryption Standard (AES-192) algorithm for radar signal modulation to mitigate Doppler and range ambiguities. The AES-192 BPSK sequence has a non-periodic nature resulting in a single large and narrow main lobe in the matched filter response but also produces undesired periodic side lobes that can be mitigated through the use of a CLEAN algorithm. The performance of the AES-192 BPSK sequence is compared to an Ipatov–Barker Hybrid BPSK code, which effectively extends the maximum

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45

Liu, Chao, and Huaning Wu. "SYNTHESIS OF THINNED ARRAY WITH SIDE LOBE LEVELS REDUCTION USING IMPROVED BINARY INVASIVE WEED OPTIMIZATION." Progress In Electromagnetics Research M 37 (2014): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierm14042401.

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46

Goswami, Sivaranjan, Kandarpa Kumar Sarma, and Kumaresh Sarmah. "Synthesis of a Sparse 2D-Scanning Array using Particle Swarm Optimization for Side-Lobe Reduction." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 20 (August 10, 2021): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23204.2021.20.14.

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Synthesis of sparse arrays is a promising area of research for a wide range of applications including radar and millimeter-wave wireless communication. The design goal of array thinning problems is to reduce the number of elements of an array without significantly affecting its performance. This work presents a technique for synthesizing a sparse phased-array antenna from a 16×16 uniform rectangular array (URA). The proposed approach reduces the number of elements by 50% without any significant increase in the peak sidelobe level (PSLL) for all possible scan angles in the azimuthal and elevati

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47

Sharaqa, Ashraf, and Nihad Dib. "Position‐only side lobe reduction of a uniformly excited elliptical antenna array using evolutionary algorithms." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 7, no. 6 (2013): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2012.0541.

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Tej, Ravi, K. Ch Sri Kavya, and Sarat K. Kotamraju. "Synthesis of phased array antenna for side lobe level reduction using the differential evolution algorithm." International Journal of Speech Technology 23, no. 2 (2020): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10772-020-09701-2.

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Karthik, V., T. Asha Rani, V. Praveen Kumar, V. Bhaskar Reddy, and R. Divya Kanti. "Optimization of Reduction in Side Lobe Level for Antenna Arrays using Iterative Fourier Transform Technique." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 21, no. 5 (2015): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v21p248.

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Zaid, Mohammed, Md Rafiqul Islam, Mohamed H. Habaebi, AHM Zahirul Alam, and Khaizuran Abdullah. "Optimum concentric circular array antenna with high gain and side lobe reduction at 5.8 GHz." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 260 (November 2017): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/260/1/012038.

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