Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sidewalks

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Sidewalks'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Sidewalks"

1

Han, Haoying, Thuy Van T. Nguyen, and Noman Sahito. "Sidewalk Zoom-In: A Spatial–Temporal Negotiation and Self-Organization within a Sociable Space." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 7, 2019): 6241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226241.

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In Asia, sidewalks in big cities always raise controversial issues in society. Increasingly, sidewalks are rethought on their features and functions as the scholars gradually focus on the interrelationships between physical characteristics of streets and behavioral practice of users. In Vietnam, the sidewalk is often occupied by the encroachment of personalized street fronts and street vendors, so that the authorities can only resort to dividing the sidewalk width with no vital regard for pedestrians. Although there are periodic sidewalk clearance campaigns carried out by local authorities, they lack the desired efficiency since the sidewalks are repeatedly in a state of disorder. By direct observation, this paper examines the mixed-use type of sidewalk in the context of Vietnam to justify appropriacy. A segment of Nguyen Tri Phuong Street, a large and bustling street in Ho Chi Minh City, is investigated as an empirical evidence. As a result, this research suggests the existing sidewalks are not appropriate and desirable. As sidewalks have their own self-negotiation, an inclusive space approach to enhance sociable sidewalks should be considered by city planners and authorities.
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Luo, Ji, Guoyuan Wu, Zhensong Wei, Kanok Boriboonsomsin, and Matthew Barth. "Developing an Aerial-Image-Based Approach for Creating Digital Sidewalk Inventories." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 8 (April 28, 2019): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119842820.

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To support active mobility, extensive work has been focused on planning, maintaining, and enhancing infrastructure, such as sidewalks. A significant amount of these efforts has to go on the setup and maintenance of sidewalk inventory on a certain geographic scale (e.g., citywide, statewide). To address the stated problem, this paper proposes the development of an aerial-image-based approach that can 1) extract the features of sidewalks based on digital vehicle road network; 2) overlay the initial sidewalk features with aerial imagery and extract aerial images around the sidewalk area; 3) apply a machine learning algorithm to classify sidewalk images into two major categories, that is, concrete surface present or sidewalks missing; and 4) construct a connected sidewalk network in a time-efficient and cost-effective manner. A deep convolutional neural network is applied to classify the extracted sidewalk images. The learning algorithm gives 97.22% total predication rate for the test set and 92.6% total predication rate in the blind test. The proposed method takes full advantage of available data sources and builds on top of the existing roadway network to digitize sidewalks.
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Aultman-Hall, Lisa, and Michael F. Adams. "Sidewalk Bicycling Safety Issues." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1636, no. 1 (January 1998): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1636-11.

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Bicycle route and safety data sets for 2,963 commuter cyclists in Ottawa and Toronto, Canada, containing cyclist characteristics, collision and fall history, and regular commute route, are used for this analysis. Previous analyses found sidewalk collisions and fall and injury rates significantly higher on sidewalks than on roads or paths. Of the 52 events reported on sidewalks, none were reported to police and would, therefore, not be found in a police accident database. These events did result in injuries, and in two cases major injuries. This analysis has found that commuter cyclists in Ottawa use sidewalks primarily on major roads (not necessarily high-speed roads) and often to cross bridges or to take shortcuts where no road exists. Toronto commuter cyclists use sidewalks primarily on high-volume multilane roads. Some Toronto cyclists still use sidewalks when bicycle lanes are provided. A slightly higher proportion of women are sidewalk cyclists in Ottawa; however, no age relationship was found. Sidewalk cyclists reported proportionally more near misses with bicycles in the previous month. A relatively large number of sidewalk collisions are with other bicycles. The most significant result of the analysis is that sidewalk cyclists have higher event rates on roads than nonsidewalk cyclists.
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Sydnor, T. Davis, David Gamstetter, Joan Nichols, Bert Bishop, Jammie Favorite, Cherelle Blazer, and Leslie Turpin. "Trees are not the Root of Sidewalk Problems." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2000.003.

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Locations of defective sidewalk blocks in Cincinnati, Ohio, were compared to various soil complexes in the city. Soils with a percentage of repair record greater than the percentage of soil coverage were identified. The Urban-Stonelick soil complex had a low frequency of repair history. The Switzerland-Urban soil complex had a moderate record, while the Rossmoyne-Urban soil complex and the Urban-Martinsville soil complex had high frequencies of repair when compared to the records of other soil series and complexes in the city. Soil surveys categorized the Switzerland-Urban soil complex with moderate limitations for road construction and the remaining soil complexes with severe limitations. The 4 soil series were selected, and associated sidewalks were randomly surveyed to determine sidewalk failure rates. Sidewalks did not fail at higher rates where trees were present. Sidewalks greater than 20 years old failed at a higher overall percentage rate. Sidewalks less than 20 years old on the Switzerland-Urban soil complex and the Urban-Martinsville soil complex appeared more stable and less prone to failure than the Rossmoyne-Urban and Urban-Stonelick soil complexes. Sidewalks less than 5 years old were not affected by trees in any soil. A variety of problems were identified as being involved in the failure of sidewalks. It appears that trees play a minor role in sidewalk service life. Extending service life of sidewalks will require the cooperation of urban foresters, landscape architects, and engineers.
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Coppola, Nicholas A., and Wesley E. Marshall. "Sidewalk Static Obstructions and Their Impact on Clear Width." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2675, no. 6 (February 9, 2021): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198121991833.

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Data on sidewalks have long been deficient. But advances in remote sensing are beginning to increase data prevalence and accuracy. These sidewalk datasets rarely, if ever, account for static obstructions in the sidewalk such as signs, street furniture, or trees. This paper seeks to determine how much of a difference accounting for static obstructions will make when measuring the clear width of sidewalks. We extracted the minimum width of sidewalk surfaces—both with and without accounting for static obstructions—for the entirety of Cambridge, MA, using new GIS methods described in this paper. We then compared these results against Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards for clear width as well as national and federal sidewalk guidelines. The results suggest a significant decrease in the average clear width of sidewalks when accounting for static obstructions. More specifically, the clear width of the average sidewalk drops from 4.5 ft (1.4 m) to 3.5 ft (1.1 m). The percentage of sidewalk segments meeting the 3-ft ADA standard drops from 78% to 51% when accounting for static obstructions. For the proposed 4-ft (1.2-m) ADA standard, it plunges from 59% of sidewalk segments meeting the width threshold to 31%. These results demonstrate that not accounting for static obstructions could lead to a gross overestimation of seemingly adequate sidewalks and an unrealistic assessment of sidewalk infrastructure and pedestrian accessibility.
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Bivina, Geetha Rajendran, and Manoranjan Parida. "MODELLING PERCEIVED PEDESTRIAN LEVEL OF SERVICE OF SIDEWALKS: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION APPROACH." Transport 34, no. 3 (May 10, 2019): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.9819.

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A disparity between developed and developing countries is not only in the terms of economy and geography, but also on the pedestrians’ perceptions and expectations about the level of service of sidewalks. Therefore, it is paramount to find the effect of various built environment measures, that impact perceived Pedestrian Level Of Service (PLOS) in the context of developing nations. This study investigates the most influential factors of the built environment that affect perceived PLOS of sidewalks in the Indian context. This is one of the first studies in India that utilize Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique to assess pedestrian satisfaction and thereby qualitative PLOS of sidewalks. A total of 502 personal interviews was conducted to extract the pedestrian perception about the quality of sidewalks of Thiruvananthapuram city, a typical Indian city. The results identified four latent exogenous constructs named “Safety”, “Security”, “Mobility and infrastructure” and “Comfort and convenience” that represent the main aspects of the PLOS of sidewalks among which factors of security has exhibited highest loading (λ = 0.60). The study identified that parameters like police patrolling, street lighting, cleaner sidewalks, sidewalk obstructions, sidewalk surface have an evident impact on the level of service of sidewalks. The results of the study provide a significant information for interpreting the aspects of the walking environment that mainly influences the PLOS. This information can help city planners to prepare new strategies, policy interventions that enhance the quality of sidewalks and thus making the city more walkable
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Waite, Sabrina, Ian Nelson, and Jamie Spinney. "Walking After Dark: A Sidewalk Illumination Case Study in Cedar City, UT." American Journal of Undergraduate Research 20, no. 3 (December 31, 2023): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2023.092.

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Sidewalks are an important part of public space, but they are becoming increasingly dangerous, especially at night. Therefore, it is important that sidewalks are adequately illuminated to meet the safety, comfort, and accessibility needs (i.e., provide high levels of pedestrian reassurance) to sidewalk users. The objective of this case study was to quantitatively measure and subsequently explore the spatial and statistical distributions of light intensities along the sidewalks that surround Southern Utah University in Cedar City, Utah. A secondary objective was to develop a set of “adequate lighting” guidelines (i.e., 5 to 10 lux) to help identify areas that could benefit from sidewalks lighting enhancements. A digital light meter was used to measure horizontal light intensity, in lux, at a systematic sample of 208 points along the sidewalks within the study area. Geographic coordinates were also collected for each sample observation to enable mapping and spatial analysis of the light intensity data. Results indicate 61% of the observations have lux values equal to zero (complete darkness), 13.4% met or exceeded the minimum guidelines, while 4.3% fell within the “adequate lighting” guidelines adopted by this case study. These results suggest that sidewalks are too dark in too many places to provide reassurance to sidewalk users in the study area. The mapping and spatial analysis results from this case study also provide information to support targeted visibility enhancements of sidewalks within the study area. KEY WORDS: Lighting; Optimum Illuminance; Luminometer; Sidewalks; Pedestrians; Safety; Security; Reassurance
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Rajani, B., and C. Zhan. "Indirect estimates of flexural strain in concrete sidewalks induced by vertical movement." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-072.

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This paper examines different numerical methods to estimate flexural strain from surface elevation measurements on concrete sidewalks. Surface elevations, along a typical concrete sidewalk cross section, were monitored on a monthly basis as part of a study to determine the cracking mechanism of concrete sidewalks. These measurements were carried out in Calgary, Edmonton, and Camrose, Alberta, between 1993 and mid-1995. Finite difference, cubic spline, polynomial fit, and Fourier series methods of analyses are described for an indirect estimation of flexural strains in sidewalks. The sensitivity of these methods to measurement error is discussed. The Fourier series method is found to be the best procedure to analyse sidewalk surface elevation data for flexural strains estimates. The numerical methods to indirectly determine strain are best suited for those circumstances where installation of strain gauges is difficult, expensive, or impossible.Key words: concrete sidewalks, indirect estimates of flexural strain.
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Pollack, Michael. "Sidewalk Government." Michigan Law Review, no. 122.4 (2024): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.122.4.sidewalk.

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This Article is about one of the most used, least studied spaces in the country: the sidewalk. It is easy to think of sidewalks simply as spaces for pedestrians, and that is exactly how most scholars, policymakers, and laws treat them. But this view is fundamentally mistaken. In big cities and small towns, sidewalks are also where we gather, demonstrate, dine, exercise, rest, and shop. They are host to commerce and infrastructure. They are spaces of public access and sources of private obligation. And in all of these things, sidewalks are sites of underappreciated conflict. The centrality of sidewalks in our day-to-day lives is rooted in the fact that they are open to everyone and to all of these varied uses, every hour of every day, but it is that very vibrancy that risks being their undoing. As competing claims on sidewalks increase in both number and intensity due to cultural shifts, technological advances, climate change, and more, the sidewalks we take for granted may crumble—both literally and figuratively—under the weight of contradictory and self-defeating governing principles and uncoordinated governmental oversight. This Article is the first to systematically examine the incoherence of the property law of sidewalks and of the fragmented regulatory architecture that municipalities have built to manage them. Drawing on insights from both property and local government law, as well as first-person interviews with current and former municipal officials, it demonstrates how both legal regimes have in fact deepened sidewalk conflict and have confused and undermined accountability for the quality and accessibility of sidewalks. With these shortcomings in mind, this Article charts a new course and constructs from the ground up a new municipal agency to administer the sidewalks—one that would be better positioned to protect and foster the utility and vitality of these critical social, economic, and political spaces.
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D'Amato, Nicholas, T. Davis Sydnor, Michael Knee, Robin Hunt, and Bert Bishop. "Which Comes First, The Root or The Crack?" Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 28, no. 6 (November 1, 2002): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2002.041.

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The Ohio State University and the City of Cincinnati Park Board conducted a study of street trees in Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S., during the summers of 1999 and 2000. Four genera of trees were examined from four different plant families. Approximately 600 trees planted within the past 20 years were observed. The condition of the nearest sidewalk joint and the incidence of a root for Quercus (oak), Koelreuteria (goldenraintree), Zelkova (zelkova), and Gleditsia (honeylocust) were observed. All genera responded similarly in that roots were more likely to be found under a crack in the sidewalk than under an intact sidewalk. During the first 20 years after planting, tree roots are more likely to be found underneath a sidewalk crack than an intact sidewalk. Of 351 joints observed with no roots, 39% were intact and 61% were cracked. Of the 260 joints where roots were observed, only 16.2% were intact while 83.9% were cracked. Oxygen measurements were made underneath selected sidewalks. Oxygen concentrations were compared for soil underneath cracked and intact sidewalk blocks. The soil underneath cracked sidewalks showed a higher concentration of oxygen. This higher oxygen concentration may contribute to root growth underneath cracked sidewalks.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sidewalks"

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Blatt, Rachel E. (Rachel Elizabeth). "Obstructing the path? : designing sidewalks through object placement." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73810.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-127).
Vibrant multi-use sidewalks are designed in two phases. First there is the design of the physical infrastructure which determines sidewalk widths, materials, and the adjacent building fagades and roadway. Then there is the design problem of organizing objects on the sidewalk: where should the trees be planted, where do the lampposts, benches, trashcans, and signs get placed. Object placement is what identifies the sidewalk as a multi-use environment - making it both a space to move through and a place to gather in. Objects are furthermore an expression of property rights and the presence and absence of objects on a sidewalk are used to stake claims to the space for different purposes. The placement of objects is an ongoing process involving many public and private stakeholders, and thus policy is needed to manage object placements. This project utilizes a case study methodology and looks at the recorded sidewalk object policies in three of the most forward thinking cities in the US when it comes to utilizing sidewalks: New York, NY, Boston, MA, and Cambridge, MA. The municipal codes and written design guidelines are analyzed through the lenses of three claims to the sidewalk: the right to movement, the right to appropriation, and the right to commodification. With additional input from interviews with municipal staff members and consulting groups, this analysis reveals that municipalities are increasingly thinking about sidewalks as a space for more than just walking. Objects on the sidewalk have been assumed to be obstructions, disruptions to the official purpose of the sidewalk - walking. But the policies that are currently developing in New York, Boston, and Cambridge designate places for objects to be, allowing them to be evaluated from a neutral starting point. This shift in thinking about objects is still largely unconscious but necessary for planners, designers, and engineers to make, so that objects can be recognized for their design potential. Reframing objects as design elements in municipal laws and guidelines will open up new possibilities for creating lively sidewalks.
by Rachel E. Blatt.
M.C.P.
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Jamerson, William Trevor. "Tourist Harlem: Sidewalks, Cyberspace, and the In/Visibility of Race." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101703.

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This research articulates a relationship between the physical community of Harlem, New York and the digital community comprising TripAdvisor, the world's largest travel related social media website. The purpose of this research is to identify forces of racial commodification in the tourism industry and analyze the role of digital technologies in this process. This research is important because tourism and digital technologies are active sites of racial formation and inequality, and TripAdvisor helps mediate the way they interact. This research employs a mixed-method qualitative approach to articulating the Harlem-TripAdvisor relationship: discourse analysis of online reviews of a prominent cultural tourism company in Harlem, ethnography of that company's tour experiences, and techniques designed to bridge methodological gaps between these two. I find that the Harlem-TripAdvisor relationship produces a three-layered discursive structure, with each successive layer less visible relative to each other. The first—and most visible layer—contains a discourse based in newly emerging conventions of online travel writing. The second layer contains a discourse reflecting touristic valuations of racial difference in capitalistic markets. The third—and least visible layer—contains a discourse reflecting histories and current patterns of racial oppression and inequality. Each of these layers are necessary to create a definition of race emphasizing its supposed benefits to economic growth at the same time it remains a hierarchical and exploitative social construction.
Doctor of Philosophy
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Harmak, Craig W. "Danger Afoot: Sidewalks, Environmental Justice, and Pedestrian Safety in Pinellas County, Florida." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002013.

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Liu, Zhongyu. "FINE SCALE REGISTRATION OF SIDEWALKS AND OTHER RIBBON-LIKE FEATURES FROM AERIAL IMAGERY." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1542622094595794.

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Serafim, Marcos Antonio [UNESP]. "Estudo e proposição de formas de pavers intertravados para áreas e passeios públicos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89725.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:20:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 serafim_ma_me_bauru.pdf: 4622405 bytes, checksum: 2493a5197b2c7150c03d5e2ca99637b9 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A pesquisa propõe uma investigação de formas para o desenvolvimento de pisos intertravados para pavimentação de áreas e passeios públicos. Levando em conta a importância dos passeios públicos nas cidades e a pouca variedade de materiais utilizados nos pavimentos das calçadas, a presente pesquisa apresenta apontamentos históricos que demonstram a relevância cultural, social e estética dos calçamentos na paisagem urbana. Essa compreensão histórica pontual leva ao estudo do estado atual das calçadas, onde os fatores sociais demonstram grande relevância nesse contexto e as condições físicas e materiais do sistema dos passeios urbanos, demandam iniciativas públicas de participação popular, que empenham a padronização e normalização das calçadas no intuito de colaborar na preservação e acessibilidade dos calçamentos. Dentre os programas investigados é detectado o uso do piso intertravado cimentício como sendo um dos materiais mais recomendados na pavimentação das calçadas, por isso, a pesquisa elabora um estudo formal do intertravamento e dos produtos cimentícios existentes. Essas bases conceituais serviram como contextualização do objeto de estudo - o piso intertravado - o que leva a pesquisa a investigar as possibilidades estéticas, propondo o estudo de formas, através de proposições geométricas e modulações que evidenciem e ressaltam o caráter do intertravamento. Tal estudo foi elaborado em sala de aula por alunos do curso de Design dos 7º e 8º semestres da Faculdade de Artes e Admnistração de Limeira na disciplina de Modelos Cerâmicos
The research proposes an investigation of ways to develop interlocking paving floors in public areas and rides. Talking into account the importance of public tours in the cities and little variety of materials used in paving the sidewalks, this research provides insights that demonstrate the historical relevance, social and cultural aesthetics of sidewalks in the urban landscape. This understanding leads to occasional historical study of the current state of the sidewalks, where social factors have important relevance in this context and the physical and material conditions of the system of urban rides, public demand for popular participation initiatives, which engage the standardization and normalization of sidewalks in intention to collaborate in the preservation and accessibility of sidewalks. Among the programs investigated is detected using the interlocked floor as a cementitious material most recoomended for paving the sidewalks, so the search prepares a forma study of the interlocking and existing cementitious products. These served as the conceptual basis of the context object of study - the interlocked floor - which leads the search to investigate the aesthetic possibilities, proposing the study of ways, by propositions and geometrical modulations that evidence and underscore the character of the interlock. This study was prepared in the classroom for students of Design of 7 and 8 semesters of the Faculty of Arts and Administration of Limerick in the discipline of Ceramic Models
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Frackelton, Alexandra. "Pedestrian transportation project prioritization incorporating app-collected sidewalk data." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50334.

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Planners and decision-makers recognize that non-motorized transportation provides environmental, economic, and public health benefits. Recent technology advances, such as the widespread use of mobile devices and geographic information systems, enable the collection of disaggregate built environment and travel behavior data. To integrate pedestrian planning into transport operations at local and regional scales, it is necessary to develop systems to rank and prioritize zones and corridors for pedestrian infrastructure investment. Best practices for pedestrian planning suggest that jurisdictions prioritize pedestrian projects based on a variety of concerns, such as high pedestrian activity, pedestrian safety, accessibility to transit and mobility for persons with disabilities, children and older adults. Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology developed and piloted an automated system to assess the quality of sidewalks, utilizing an Android™ App that collects GPS-enabled video, accelerometer, and gyroscope data. Researchers collected pilot sidewalk data within the City of Atlanta to evaluate the accessibility and walkability of pedestrian facilities. This research proposes a weighted ranking system to prioritize pedestrian projects using App-collected pedestrian facility data collected in the field using a mobile Android application, pedestrian safety indicators, pedestrian activity data and demographic data. The ranking system uses a set of block-level pedestrian potential and deficiency indicators to prioritize planning investments within a subarea of Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia, combining available data sources with app-collected sidewalk width data. The results of these rank-order prioritization analyses indicate that blocks near rail stations and Georgia Institute of Technology/Technology Square should be prioritized for pedestrian investments. However, further refinements are needed to extend the application of this methodology to larger geographic scales. Additionally, this research did not consider the cost constraints of pedestrian project alternatives within the study area. Future availability of comprehensive pedestrian activity and pedestrian network data will enable planners and engineers to prioritize corridors and intersections for pedestrian project implementation.
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Serafim, Marcos Antonio. "Estudo e proposição de formas de pavers intertravados para áreas e passeios públicos /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89725.

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Orientador: Aniceh Farah Neves
Banca: Roberto Alcarria do Nascimento
Banca: Eduardo Quinteiro
Resumo: A pesquisa propõe uma investigação de formas para o desenvolvimento de pisos intertravados para pavimentação de áreas e passeios públicos. Levando em conta a importância dos passeios públicos nas cidades e a pouca variedade de materiais utilizados nos pavimentos das calçadas, a presente pesquisa apresenta apontamentos históricos que demonstram a relevância cultural, social e estética dos calçamentos na paisagem urbana. Essa compreensão histórica pontual leva ao estudo do estado atual das calçadas, onde os fatores sociais demonstram grande relevância nesse contexto e as condições físicas e materiais do sistema dos passeios urbanos, demandam iniciativas públicas de participação popular, que empenham a padronização e normalização das calçadas no intuito de colaborar na preservação e acessibilidade dos calçamentos. Dentre os programas investigados é detectado o uso do piso intertravado cimentício como sendo um dos materiais mais recomendados na pavimentação das calçadas, por isso, a pesquisa elabora um estudo formal do intertravamento e dos produtos cimentícios existentes. Essas bases conceituais serviram como contextualização do objeto de estudo - o piso intertravado - o que leva a pesquisa a investigar as possibilidades estéticas, propondo o estudo de formas, através de proposições geométricas e modulações que evidenciem e ressaltam o caráter do intertravamento. Tal estudo foi elaborado em sala de aula por alunos do curso de Design dos 7º e 8º semestres da Faculdade de Artes e Admnistração de Limeira na disciplina de Modelos Cerâmicos
Abstract: The research proposes an investigation of ways to develop interlocking paving floors in public areas and rides. Talking into account the importance of public tours in the cities and little variety of materials used in paving the sidewalks, this research provides insights that demonstrate the historical relevance, social and cultural aesthetics of sidewalks in the urban landscape. This understanding leads to occasional historical study of the current state of the sidewalks, where social factors have important relevance in this context and the physical and material conditions of the system of urban rides, public demand for popular participation initiatives, which engage the standardization and normalization of sidewalks in intention to collaborate in the preservation and accessibility of sidewalks. Among the programs investigated is detected using the interlocked floor as a cementitious material most recoomended for paving the sidewalks, so the search prepares a forma study of the interlocking and existing cementitious products. These served as the conceptual basis of the context object of study - the interlocked floor - which leads the search to investigate the aesthetic possibilities, proposing the study of ways, by propositions and geometrical modulations that evidence and underscore the character of the interlock. This study was prepared in the classroom for students of Design of 7 and 8 semesters of the Faculty of Arts and Administration of Limerick in the discipline of Ceramic Models
Mestre
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8

Hong, Xin State. "A Convolutional Neural Network for Detecting and Mapping Built Environment at Neighborhood Scale." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1626962900618429.

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Goodwin, Justin M. "Where the Sidewalk Begins: Pedestrian Accessibility Analysis in Suburban Cincinnati." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1129924039.

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Cacioppo, Marina. "'If the sidewalks of these streets could talk.' : Reinventing Italian American ethnicity: representation and construction of ethnic identity in Italian American literature." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392852.

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Books on the topic "Sidewalks"

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Harris, Alisa M. Sidewalks. [Flushing, NY]: The artist, 2012.

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Luiselli, Valeria. Sidewalks. London: Granta, 2013.

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Riedel, Juanita M. (Smith). Sidewalks. [Michigan?]: J.M.Riedel, 1996.

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Gunn, Thom. Sidewalks. New York: Albondocani Press, 1985.

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Gamble, James Douglas. The sidewalks of Alameda. 2nd ed. Oakland, Calif: Tanro Co., 2006.

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Wagener, Richard. Cracked sidewalks. Sherman Oaks [Calif.]: Mixolydian Editions, 2006.

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Deacon, Leslie A. Planning Sidewalks: Implications of Regulating Sidewalk Space in the East Village. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2013.

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Robinson, Marilyn. The sidewalks of Elburn. Elburn, Ill: Village of Elburn, Illinois, 2005.

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Gaida, Ed. Sidewalks of San Antonio. San Antonio, TX: E. Gaida, 1999.

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Mauro, Nicole. Intersection: Sidewalks and public space. Oakland [Calif.]: ChainLinks, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sidewalks"

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Speck, Jeff. "Design Sidewalks Properly." In Walkable City Rules, 190–91. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-899-2_80.

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Jacobs, Jane. "The Uses of Sidewalks." In Metropolis, 111–29. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23708-1_9.

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Jacobs, Jane. "“The Uses of Sidewalks: Safety”." In The City Reader, 189–94. Seventh edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge urban reader series: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429261732-25.

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Friedman, Avi. "Streets and Sidewalks for Living." In Sustainable Lessons from People-Friendly Places, 138–48. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003384687-14.

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Comery, William R. "Tree Roots versus Sidewalks and Sewers." In Handbook of Urban and Community Forestry in the Northeast, 227–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4191-2_16.

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Comery, William R. "Tree Roots versus Sidewalks and Sewers." In Urban and Community Forestry in the Northeast, 261–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4289-8_16.

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Otero-Durán, Laura Patricia. "Urban Forestry in Sidewalks of Bogota, Colombia." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Futures, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51812-7_194-1.

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Otero-Durán, Laura Patricia. "Urban Forestry in Sidewalks of Bogota, Colombia." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Futures, 2003–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87745-3_194.

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Naghdizadegan Jahromi, Maryam, Najmeh Neysani Samany, Mir Abolfazl Mostafavi, and Meysam Argany. "A New Approach for Accessibility Assessment of Sidewalks for Wheelchair Users Considering the Sidewalk Traffic." In Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, 76–92. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34612-5_5.

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Ahsan, H. M., and M. R. Siddique. "Effective Width of Sidewalks in Dhaka Metropolitan Area." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 397–405. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5547-0_37.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sidewalks"

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Su, Jian, Yu Cao, Anqi Tang, Siyuan Wang, and Janet Dong. "Design of Litter Collection Robot for Urban Environment." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69732.

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Abstract Keeping sidewalks clean and tidy is a continuously tough task in modern urban environment, traditional solution of cleaning sidewalk is sanitation workers’ manual sweeping. However, manual work is inefficient, laboring intensive and dirty. Main pollutants on the urban sidewalks are simple litter, they consist of recyclable waste such as paper, cardboard and metal cans, and non-recyclable waste like foam and food residue. Thus, the litter on sidewalks can be cleaned, collected and sorted by robots. This paper will discuss the entire design process of a novel litter collection mobile robot for urban sidewalks, including robot structure, drive system, litter collection mechanisms, and stress analysis and motion simulation. This robot can patrol on the sidewalks in urban environment while collecting and sorting litter along the way. Currently, for cleaning the road on urban street, motor sweeper vehicles are used. There are no motorized vehicles used to clean the sidewalks. Therefore, this robotic approach will fill the gap, avoiding inefficient and overwhelmed manual work. The robot is designed to adapt various terrains of sidewalks such as brick pavements, cement sidewalks, and asphalt sidewalks. The size of the robot is designed to fit most of sidewalks according to research of sidewalk standards. The litter collection robot consists of a robust chassis, a driving system, a litter collection system, a sensor system for obstacles avoiding, a navigation system for autonomous control and a vision system for litter sorting. For chassis, based on research on sidewalk size standard, its width is designed less than 80 cm to fit inside the sidewalk and at the same time leave enough space for pedestrians passing robot and conducting normal activities. Its height is designed more than 80cm (including robot arm) to make sure it can be noticed by pedestrians, which will avoid potential safety hazard to pedestrians. The weight of the robot is designed to be light weighted to make the robot easy to carry. Moreover, handles are designed in its structure for the convenience of worker’s carrying. For driving system, a two-wheel driving system is designed to adapt various sidewalks. For litter collection system, a robotic arm with four-finger grippers is designed to pick up litter on the sidewalk, and two standard bins are used to contain recyclable and non-recyclable litter separately. Vision system is designed to detect presence and type of litter, so litter will be placed to different bins accordingly. Navigation system is included to enable the robot patrol along the pre-designed path. By applying abovementioned design, this litter collection robot provides a new autonomous approach for urban sanitation work in collecting and sorting litter on sidewalk.
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Bolten, Nicholas, Amirhossein Amini, Yun Hao, Vaishnavi Ravichandran, Andre Stephens, and Anat Caspi. "Urban sidewalks." In SIGSPATIAL'15: 23rd SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2835022.2835042.

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Tosomeen, Craig. "Porous Concrete Sidewalks — How to Build Sidewalks, Not Stormwater Ponds." In International Low Impact Development Conference 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41009(333)24.

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"OBSTACLE DETECTION AND AVOIDANCE ON SIDEWALKS." In International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002816002350240.

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Marchiori, Massimo. "Mind Your Step: Monitoring Pedestrian Sidewalks." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cybermatics_2018.2018.00128.

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Costa, Miguel, Paulo Cambra, Filipe Moura, and Manuel Marques. "WalkBot: A Portable System to Scan Sidewalks." In 2019 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isc246665.2019.9071727.

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Smith, Virginia, Jitendra Malik, and David Culler. "Classification of sidewalks in street view images." In 2013 International Green Computing Conference (IGCC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igcc.2013.6604476.

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Domiciano Fidalgo, Clara, Isabela Machado Santos, Caroline de A. Nogueira, Maria Clara Souza Portugal, and Lídia Maria T. Martins. "Urban sidewalks, dysfunction and chaos on the projected floor. The search for accessible pavements and sustainable mobility." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online: Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212366.

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The pavements of the sidewalks are not simple roofs for the floor of cities. The correct specification and application of the materials not only guarantees the accessibility of this space, but also favors and enhances the urban mobility of pedestrians, the walkability, much defended by several professionals of urbanism. Have you stopped to observe the city we live in? The streets, the sidewalks and all of your public areas? Note the immense "invasion" of public space, making life on sidewalkssomething stimulating and interesting, by the enormous confusion implanted: kiosks, street vendors / street vendors, cars parked in a forbidden place and sometimes on the sidewalks, barbecues, holes, steps, obstacles, furniture and urban equipment very poorly located,results of the complete dysfunction ofthis space. The problem observed reflects the current dismay of people and public authorities in relation to accessibility, mobility and safety of people, especially those with reduced mobility,disabled or not. That said, this work objectives tofind a floor of easy installation and low cost that meets the principles of universalaccessibility, urban aesthetics and enhances the mobility of people in the city with autonomy and security. Based on an observational and photographic study of the sidewalks of the Pelinca neighborhood, together with a technical survey of existing sidewalks,the information obtained will be compared with the guidelines contained in the accessibility and urban mobility legislation in force, whether at the municipal, state and federal levels. The data extracted in the evaluation of existing floors, will provide subsidies, for the identification of a new type of pavement, contributing to the Public Power in the elaborationof booklets for the implementation and or adoption of guiding measures for the construction and reformulation of sidewalks, in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes
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Li, Chu, Katrina Oi Yau Ma, Michael Saugstad, Kie Fujii, Molly Delaney, Yochai Eisenberg, Delphine Labbé, et al. "“I never realized sidewalks were a big deal”: A Case Study of a Community-Driven Sidewalk Accessibility Assessment using Project Sidewalk." In CHI '24: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642003.

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Senlet, Turgay, and Ahmed Elgammal. "Satellite image based precise robot localization on sidewalks." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra.2012.6225352.

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Reports on the topic "Sidewalks"

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DeRobertis, Michelle, Christopher E. Ferrell, Richard W. Lee, and David Moore. City Best Practices to Improve Transit Operations and Safety. Mineta Transportation Institute, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1951.

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Public, fixed-route transit services most commonly operate on public streets. In addition, transit passengers must use sidewalks to access transit stops and stations. However, streets and sidewalks are under the jurisdiction of municipalities, not transit agencies. Various municipal policies, practices, and decisions affect transit operations, rider convenience, and passenger safety. Thus, these government entities have an important influence over the quality, safety, and convenience of transit services in their jurisdictions. This research identified municipal policies and practices that affect public transport providers’ ability to deliver transit services. They were found from a comprehensive literature review, interviews and discussions with five local transit agencies in the U.S., five public transportation experts and staff from five California cities. The city policies and practices identified fall into the following five categories: Infrastructure for buses, including bus lanes, signal treatments, curbside access; Infrastructure for pedestrians walking and bicycling to, and waiting at, transit stops and stations; Internal transportation planning policies and practices; Land development review policies; Regional and metropolitan planning organization (MPO) issues. The understanding, acknowledgment, and implementation of policies and practices identified in this report can help municipalities proactively work with local transit providers to more efficiently and effectively operate transit service and improve passenger comfort and safety on city streets.
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Ravazdezh, Faezeh, Julio A. Ramirez, and Ghadir Haikal. Improved Live Load Distribution Factors for Use in Load Rating of Older Slab and T-Beam Reinforced Concrete Bridges. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317303.

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This report describes a methodology for demand estimate through the improvement of load distribution factors in reinforced concrete flat-slab and T-beam bridges. The proposed distribution factors are supported on three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element (FE) analysis tools. The Conventional Load Rating (CLR) method currently in use by INDOT relies on a two-dimensional (2D) analysis based on beam theory. This approach may overestimate bridge demand as the result of neglecting the presence of parapets and sidewalks present in these bridges. The 3D behavior of a bridge and its response could be better modeled through a 3D computational model by including the participation of all elements. This research aims to investigate the potential effect of railings, parapets, sidewalks, and end-diaphragms on demand evaluation for purposes of rating reinforced concrete flat-slab and T-beam bridges using 3D finite element analysis. The project goal is to improve the current lateral load distribution factor by addressing the limitations resulting from the 2D analysis and ignoring the contribution of non-structural components. Through a parametric study of the slab and T-beam bridges in Indiana, the impact of selected parameters on demand estimates was estimated, and modifications to the current load distribution factors in AASHTO were proposed.
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Coyner, Kelley, and Jason Bittner. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Logistics and Delivery. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2023021.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Like the shift from horse drawn carriages to cars, the emergence of delivery robots marks a shift from driverless vehicles to automated logistics vehicles where form follows function. On paper, the business cases are compelling and the use cases seemingly unbounded. Vehicles may be conventional in the form of trucks and industrial equipment of all types, or as purpose-built vehicles on with widely varying cargo capacities. Proof of concepts and pilots are moving forward on roadways, sidewalks, and doorsteps, as well as in low altitude airways, ports, and even inside of buildings.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Logistics and Delivery</b> addresses the current state of the industry, benefits of ADVs, challenges, and expanding use. It also touches on opportunities to design, modify, and expand infrastructure—both digital and physical—to supports safe and equitable usage. The report draws on experience and research on these topics in North America, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Australia, and the United Arab Emirates, among others.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>
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Ahn, Yushin, and Richard Poythress. Impervious Surfaces from High Resolution Aerial Imagery: Cities in Fresno County. Mineta Transportation Institute, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2257.

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This study investigates impervious surfaces — areas covered by materials with restricted water permeability, such as pavement, sidewalks, and parking lots—due to their crucial role in influencing water dynamics within urban landscapes. The impermeability of these surfaces disrupts natural water absorption processes, resulting in adverse environmental consequences such as increased flooding, erosion, and water pollution. The research employs impervious surface analysis, a method involving the mapping and analysis of these surfaces within specified study areas, including cities, counties, and census tracts. Remote sensing techniques, specifically satellites and aerial imagery, are commonly utilized for the identification and classification of impervious surfaces. In the context of Fresno County, diverse classification methods, encompassing pixel-based, object-based, and deep learning approaches, are employed to classify and evaluate impervious surfaces. Significantly, the deep learning classification method exhibits exceptional performance, achieving an impressive overall accuracy ranging between 85-92%. The study reveals that the estimated percentage of impervious surfaces in Fresno County cities approximates 45%, comparable to the characteristics of medium density residential areas. Noteworthy is the observation in the Fresno/Clovis city area, where the percentage of impervious surfaces escalated from 53% in 2010 (per EnviroAtlas) to 63% in 2020. This 10% increase over a decade closely aligns with concurrent population growth trends in the region. In conclusion, this research underscores the critical significance of comprehending and monitoring impervious surfaces due to their pivotal role in shaping the environmental quality and resilience of urban areas. The insights gleaned from this study provide valuable guidance for the development of effective land use planning and management strategies, specifically tailored to mitigate the adverse impacts of impervious surfaces on the environment and human well-being.
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Reynolds, Matthew. Sidewaze: Crowdsourced sidewalk condition data for your neighbourhood. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-1287.

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Dvorjak, Daniel. Enhancing Sidewalk Connectivity within the DART Public Transportation System. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-624.

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Choi, James, David Laibson, and Brigitte Madrian. $100 Bills on the Sidewalk: Suboptimal Investment in 401(k) Plans. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11554.

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Kodupuganti, Swapneel R., Sonu Mathew, and Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. Modeling Operational Performance of Urban Roads with Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1802.

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The rapid growth in population and related demand for travel during the past few decades has had a catalytic effect on traffic congestion, air quality, and safety in many urban areas. Transportation managers and planners have planned for new facilities to cater to the needs of users of alternative modes of transportation (e.g., public transportation, walking, and bicycling) over the next decade. However, there are no widely accepted methods, nor there is enough evidence to justify whether such plans are instrumental in improving mobility of the transportation system. Therefore, this project researches the operational performance of urban roads with heterogeneous traffic conditions to improve the mobility and reliability of people and goods. A 4-mile stretch of the Blue Line light rail transit (LRT) extension, which connects Old Concord Rd and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte’s main campus on N Tryon St in Charlotte, North Carolina, was considered for travel time reliability analysis. The influence of crosswalks, sidewalks, trails, greenways, on-street bicycle lanes, bus/LRT routes and stops/stations, and street network characteristics on travel time reliability were comprehensively considered from a multimodal perspective. Likewise, a 2.5-mile-long section of the Blue Line LRT extension, which connects University City Blvd and Mallard Creek Church Rd on N Tryon St in Charlotte, North Carolina, was considered for simulation-based operational analysis. Vissim traffic simulation software was used to compute and compare delay, queue length, and maximum queue length at nine intersections to evaluate the influence of vehicles, LRT, pedestrians, and bicyclists, individually and/or combined. The statistical significance of variations in travel time reliability were particularly less in the case of links on N Tryon St with the Blue Line LRT extension. However, a decrease in travel time reliability on some links was observed on the parallel route (I-85) and cross-streets. While a decrease in vehicle delay on northbound and southbound approaches of N Tryon St was observed in most cases after the LRT is in operation, the cross-streets of N Tryon St incurred a relatively higher increase in delay after the LRT is in operation. The current pedestrian and bicycling activity levels seemed insignificant to have an influence on vehicle delay at intersections. The methodological approaches from this research can be used to assess the performance of a transportation facility and identify remedial solutions from a multimodal perspective.
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Mahlberg, Justin, Jijo Matthew, Deborah Horton, Brian McGavic, Tim Wells, and Darcy Bullock. Intelligent Sidewalk De-icing and Pre-treatment with Connected Campus Maintenance Vehicles. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317572.

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Carrillo, Paul E., Edgar Castro, and Carlos Scartascini. Do Rewards Work?: Evidence from the Randomization of Public Works. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011793.

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This paper evaluates the effect of positive inducements on tax behavior by exploiting a natural experiment in which a municipality of Argentina randomly selected 400 individuals among more than 72,000 taxpayers who had complied with payment of their property tax. These individuals were publicly recognized and awarded the construction of a sidewalk. Results indicate that: i) being selected in the lottery and publicly recognized by the government has a positive but not persistent effect on future compliance; ii) receiving the sidewalk has a large positive and persistent effect; iii) high and persistent spillover effects exist: some neighbors of those who receive the reward comply more too, and these effects can be even larger than the direct effects; and iv) there is no financial motive effect; i.e., people do not pay their taxes just to participate in the lottery. Recognition serves only as a short-term incentive, but the provision of a durable and visible good has more persistent and broader effects. These findings provide evidence on features that make a positive inducement more successful, whether for tax compliance or other policy purposes.
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