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Blatt, Rachel E. (Rachel Elizabeth). "Obstructing the path? : designing sidewalks through object placement." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73810.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-127).
Vibrant multi-use sidewalks are designed in two phases. First there is the design of the physical infrastructure which determines sidewalk widths, materials, and the adjacent building fagades and roadway. Then there is the design problem of organizing objects on the sidewalk: where should the trees be planted, where do the lampposts, benches, trashcans, and signs get placed. Object placement is what identifies the sidewalk as a multi-use environment - making it both a space to move through and a place to gather in. Objects are furthermore an expression of property rights and the presence and absence of objects on a sidewalk are used to stake claims to the space for different purposes. The placement of objects is an ongoing process involving many public and private stakeholders, and thus policy is needed to manage object placements. This project utilizes a case study methodology and looks at the recorded sidewalk object policies in three of the most forward thinking cities in the US when it comes to utilizing sidewalks: New York, NY, Boston, MA, and Cambridge, MA. The municipal codes and written design guidelines are analyzed through the lenses of three claims to the sidewalk: the right to movement, the right to appropriation, and the right to commodification. With additional input from interviews with municipal staff members and consulting groups, this analysis reveals that municipalities are increasingly thinking about sidewalks as a space for more than just walking. Objects on the sidewalk have been assumed to be obstructions, disruptions to the official purpose of the sidewalk - walking. But the policies that are currently developing in New York, Boston, and Cambridge designate places for objects to be, allowing them to be evaluated from a neutral starting point. This shift in thinking about objects is still largely unconscious but necessary for planners, designers, and engineers to make, so that objects can be recognized for their design potential. Reframing objects as design elements in municipal laws and guidelines will open up new possibilities for creating lively sidewalks.
by Rachel E. Blatt.
M.C.P.
2
Jamerson, William Trevor. "Tourist Harlem: Sidewalks, Cyberspace, and the In/Visibility of Race." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101703.
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This research articulates a relationship between the physical community of Harlem, New York and the digital community comprising TripAdvisor, the world's largest travel related social media website. The purpose of this research is to identify forces of racial commodification in the tourism industry and analyze the role of digital technologies in this process. This research is important because tourism and digital technologies are active sites of racial formation and inequality, and TripAdvisor helps mediate the way they interact. This research employs a mixed-method qualitative approach to articulating the Harlem-TripAdvisor relationship: discourse analysis of online reviews of a prominent cultural tourism company in Harlem, ethnography of that company's tour experiences, and techniques designed to bridge methodological gaps between these two. I find that the Harlem-TripAdvisor relationship produces a three-layered discursive structure, with each successive layer less visible relative to each other. The first—and most visible layer—contains a discourse based in newly emerging conventions of online travel writing. The second layer contains a discourse reflecting touristic valuations of racial difference in capitalistic markets. The third—and least visible layer—contains a discourse reflecting histories and current patterns of racial oppression and inequality. Each of these layers are necessary to create a definition of race emphasizing its supposed benefits to economic growth at the same time it remains a hierarchical and exploitative social construction.Doctor of Philosophy
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Harmak, Craig W. "Danger Afoot: Sidewalks, Environmental Justice, and Pedestrian Safety in Pinellas County, Florida." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002013.
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Liu, Zhongyu. "FINE SCALE REGISTRATION OF SIDEWALKS AND OTHER RIBBON-LIKE FEATURES FROM AERIAL IMAGERY." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1542622094595794.
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Serafim, Marcos Antonio [UNESP]. "Estudo e proposição de formas de pavers intertravados para áreas e passeios públicos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89725.
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A pesquisa propõe uma investigação de formas para o desenvolvimento de pisos intertravados para pavimentação de áreas e passeios públicos. Levando em conta a importância dos passeios públicos nas cidades e a pouca variedade de materiais utilizados nos pavimentos das calçadas, a presente pesquisa apresenta apontamentos históricos que demonstram a relevância cultural, social e estética dos calçamentos na paisagem urbana. Essa compreensão histórica pontual leva ao estudo do estado atual das calçadas, onde os fatores sociais demonstram grande relevância nesse contexto e as condições físicas e materiais do sistema dos passeios urbanos, demandam iniciativas públicas de participação popular, que empenham a padronização e normalização das calçadas no intuito de colaborar na preservação e acessibilidade dos calçamentos. Dentre os programas investigados é detectado o uso do piso intertravado cimentício como sendo um dos materiais mais recomendados na pavimentação das calçadas, por isso, a pesquisa elabora um estudo formal do intertravamento e dos produtos cimentícios existentes. Essas bases conceituais serviram como contextualização do objeto de estudo - o piso intertravado - o que leva a pesquisa a investigar as possibilidades estéticas, propondo o estudo de formas, através de proposições geométricas e modulações que evidenciem e ressaltam o caráter do intertravamento. Tal estudo foi elaborado em sala de aula por alunos do curso de Design dos 7º e 8º semestres da Faculdade de Artes e Admnistração de Limeira na disciplina de Modelos Cerâmicos
The research proposes an investigation of ways to develop interlocking paving floors in public areas and rides. Talking into account the importance of public tours in the cities and little variety of materials used in paving the sidewalks, this research provides insights that demonstrate the historical relevance, social and cultural aesthetics of sidewalks in the urban landscape. This understanding leads to occasional historical study of the current state of the sidewalks, where social factors have important relevance in this context and the physical and material conditions of the system of urban rides, public demand for popular participation initiatives, which engage the standardization and normalization of sidewalks in intention to collaborate in the preservation and accessibility of sidewalks. Among the programs investigated is detected using the interlocked floor as a cementitious material most recoomended for paving the sidewalks, so the search prepares a forma study of the interlocking and existing cementitious products. These served as the conceptual basis of the context object of study - the interlocked floor - which leads the search to investigate the aesthetic possibilities, proposing the study of ways, by propositions and geometrical modulations that evidence and underscore the character of the interlock. This study was prepared in the classroom for students of Design of 7 and 8 semesters of the Faculty of Arts and Administration of Limerick in the discipline of Ceramic Models
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Frackelton, Alexandra. "Pedestrian transportation project prioritization incorporating app-collected sidewalk data." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50334.
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Planners and decision-makers recognize that non-motorized transportation provides environmental, economic, and public health benefits. Recent technology advances, such as the widespread use of mobile devices and geographic information systems, enable the collection of disaggregate built environment and travel behavior data. To integrate pedestrian planning into transport operations at local and regional scales, it is necessary to develop systems to rank and prioritize zones and corridors for pedestrian infrastructure investment. Best practices for pedestrian planning suggest that jurisdictions prioritize pedestrian projects based on a variety of concerns, such as high pedestrian activity, pedestrian safety, accessibility to transit and mobility for persons with disabilities, children and older adults. Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology developed and piloted an automated system to assess the quality of sidewalks, utilizing an Android™ App that collects GPS-enabled video, accelerometer, and gyroscope data. Researchers collected pilot sidewalk data within the City of Atlanta to evaluate the accessibility and walkability of pedestrian facilities.
This research proposes a weighted ranking system to prioritize pedestrian projects using App-collected pedestrian facility data collected in the field using a mobile Android application, pedestrian safety indicators, pedestrian activity data and demographic data. The ranking system uses a set of block-level pedestrian potential and deficiency indicators to prioritize planning investments within a subarea of Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia, combining available data sources with app-collected sidewalk width data. The results of these rank-order prioritization analyses indicate that blocks near rail stations and Georgia Institute of Technology/Technology Square should be prioritized for pedestrian investments. However, further refinements are needed to extend the application of this methodology to larger geographic scales. Additionally, this research did not consider the cost constraints of pedestrian project alternatives within the study area. Future availability of comprehensive pedestrian activity and pedestrian network data will enable planners and engineers to prioritize corridors and intersections for pedestrian project implementation.
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Serafim, Marcos Antonio. "Estudo e proposição de formas de pavers intertravados para áreas e passeios públicos /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89725.
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Orientador: Aniceh Farah NevesBanca: Roberto Alcarria do Nascimento
Banca: Eduardo Quinteiro
Resumo: A pesquisa propõe uma investigação de formas para o desenvolvimento de pisos intertravados para pavimentação de áreas e passeios públicos. Levando em conta a importância dos passeios públicos nas cidades e a pouca variedade de materiais utilizados nos pavimentos das calçadas, a presente pesquisa apresenta apontamentos históricos que demonstram a relevância cultural, social e estética dos calçamentos na paisagem urbana. Essa compreensão histórica pontual leva ao estudo do estado atual das calçadas, onde os fatores sociais demonstram grande relevância nesse contexto e as condições físicas e materiais do sistema dos passeios urbanos, demandam iniciativas públicas de participação popular, que empenham a padronização e normalização das calçadas no intuito de colaborar na preservação e acessibilidade dos calçamentos. Dentre os programas investigados é detectado o uso do piso intertravado cimentício como sendo um dos materiais mais recomendados na pavimentação das calçadas, por isso, a pesquisa elabora um estudo formal do intertravamento e dos produtos cimentícios existentes. Essas bases conceituais serviram como contextualização do objeto de estudo - o piso intertravado - o que leva a pesquisa a investigar as possibilidades estéticas, propondo o estudo de formas, através de proposições geométricas e modulações que evidenciem e ressaltam o caráter do intertravamento. Tal estudo foi elaborado em sala de aula por alunos do curso de Design dos 7º e 8º semestres da Faculdade de Artes e Admnistração de Limeira na disciplina de Modelos Cerâmicos
Abstract: The research proposes an investigation of ways to develop interlocking paving floors in public areas and rides. Talking into account the importance of public tours in the cities and little variety of materials used in paving the sidewalks, this research provides insights that demonstrate the historical relevance, social and cultural aesthetics of sidewalks in the urban landscape. This understanding leads to occasional historical study of the current state of the sidewalks, where social factors have important relevance in this context and the physical and material conditions of the system of urban rides, public demand for popular participation initiatives, which engage the standardization and normalization of sidewalks in intention to collaborate in the preservation and accessibility of sidewalks. Among the programs investigated is detected using the interlocked floor as a cementitious material most recoomended for paving the sidewalks, so the search prepares a forma study of the interlocking and existing cementitious products. These served as the conceptual basis of the context object of study - the interlocked floor - which leads the search to investigate the aesthetic possibilities, proposing the study of ways, by propositions and geometrical modulations that evidence and underscore the character of the interlock. This study was prepared in the classroom for students of Design of 7 and 8 semesters of the Faculty of Arts and Administration of Limerick in the discipline of Ceramic Models
Mestre
8
Hong, Xin State. "A Convolutional Neural Network for Detecting and Mapping Built Environment at Neighborhood Scale." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1626962900618429.
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Goodwin, Justin M. "Where the Sidewalk Begins: Pedestrian Accessibility Analysis in Suburban Cincinnati." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1129924039.
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Cacioppo, Marina. "'If the sidewalks of these streets could talk.' : Reinventing Italian American ethnicity: representation and construction of ethnic identity in Italian American literature." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392852.
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Yabiku, Luiza. "Pedestre: modalidade de transporte na cidade, uma visão ergonômica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-18112010-114629/.
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Esta tese tem por objetivo verificar a aplicabilidade da metodologia proposta pelo HCM-2000 (Highway Capacity Manual/ano 2000) para a determinação dos Níveis de Serviço nas Instalações para Pedestres. A tese apresenta a avaliação da qualidade de serviço das instalações para pedestres como instrumento que possibilite a inserção da escala do pedestre dentro da escala dos projetos viários e urbanos. A visão ergonômica (o ajuste das instalações para o ser humano) é fundamental para a caracterização da escala do pedestre. A metodologia tem a sua aplicabilidade comprovada, com o estudo de caso na cidade de São Paulo. O campo experimental da pesquisa foi a Zona Leste de São Paulo, devido as suas peculiaridades de espaço com potencial de ocupação e adensamento, com conseqüente exposição de pedestres aos acidentes. Com base nesta tese foram levantadas oito proposições para a cidade de São Paulo, que fazem parte deste trabalho.This thesis purpose to verify the HCM 2000 (Highway Capacity Manual 2000) purposed methodology which evaluates the pedestrians facilities Level-of-Service in São Paulo city pedestrian s facilities. This thesis also introduces an evaluation from Level-of-Service determinations as a mean to insert the pedestrian scale into the urban projects scales. The ergonomics view (the human beings facilities adjustment) is essential to characterize the pedestrian scale. A study of case in São Paulo City confirmed this methodology appliance. This research took place in São Paulos East Side due to its potential peculiarities and high density occupation, which expose the pedestrians to several hazardous of accidents. Based in this research, there were elaborate eight proposals for São Paulo city.
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Makoundou, Ngongo Christina Jessie <1994>. "Vulnerable users' protection with advanced recycling paving materials. Design and characterisation of rubber-based impact-absorbing pavement materials for bike lanes and sidewalks." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10411/1/FINAL_THESIS_MAKOUNDOU_MAY_2022.pdf.
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Our cities are constantly evolving, and the necessity to improve the condition and safety of the urban infrastructures is fundamental. However, on the roads, the specific needs of cyclists and pedestrians are often neglected.
The Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs), among whom cyclists and pedestrians are, rarely benefit from the most innovative safety measures. Inspired by playgrounds and aiming to reduce VRUs injuries, the Impact-Absorbing Pavements (IAP) developed as novel sidewalks, and bike lanes surface layers may help decrease injuries, fatalities, and the related societal costs. To achieve this goal, the End-of-Life Tyres (ELTs) crumb rubber (CR) is used as a primary resource, bringing its elastic properties into the surface layer.
The thesis is divided into five main chapters. The first concerns the formulation and the definition of a feasible mix. The second explores the mechanical and environmental properties in detail, and the ageing effect is also assessed. The third describes the modelling of the material to simulate accidents and measure the injury reduction, especially on the head. The fourth chapter is reserved for the field trial. The last gives some perspectives on the research and proposes a way to optimize and improve the data and results collected during the doctoral research.
It was observed that the specimens made with cold protocol have noticeable performances and reduce the overall carbon footprint impact of this material. The material modelling and the accident simulation proved the performance of the IAP against head injuries, and the field trial confirmed the good results obtained in the laboratory for the cold-made material.
Finally, the outcomes of this thesis opened many prospective to the IAP development, such as the use of a plant-based binder or recycled aggregates and gave a positive prospect of an innovative material to the urban road infrastructures.
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Lunaro, Adriana. "Avaliação dos espaços urbanos segundo a percepção das pessoas idosas." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4202.
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Previous issue date: 2004-10-20This work is the result of a research accomplished in the city of Barretos-SP, with the purpose of to identify and to evaluate the variables of physical and environmental characterization of the sidewalks and public walks, destined to the pedestrians' circulation, under the comfort aspects, safety and environmental conditions. For identification of the variables, a research was accomplished with technicians of the engineering areas, architecture, physiotherapy, medicine, nursing, physical education, transports and psychology using the Method of Delphi. For evaluation of the chosen variables for the technicians, a new research was accomplished with seniors, with age starting from 60 years, where the Technique of the Declared Preference was used. It was verified that the technicians prioritize the variables that are related the a level of acceptable service for the walk and that for the seniors the favorite atmosphere for the walks should present, in first place, comfortable conditions for the movement, without any obstacles and to offer safety mainly during the crossing of the streets. The result of this work can contribute to the definition of plans and projects to facilitate the people's accessibility with some deficiency type or with reduced mobility and to identify the places where are necessary improvements and modifications.
Este trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada na cidade de Barretos-SP, com a finalidade de identificar e avaliar as variáveis de caracterização física e ambiental das calçadas e passeios públicos, destinados à circulação de pedestres, sob os aspectos de conforto, segurança e condições ambientais. Para identificação das variáveis, foi realizada uma pesquisa com técnicos das áreas de engenharia, arquitetura, fisioterapia, medicina, enfermagem, educação física, transportes e psicologia utilizando o Método de Delphi. Para avaliação das variáveis escolhidas pelos técnicos, uma nova pesquisa foi realizada com idosos, com idade a partir de 60 anos, onde foi utilizado a Técnica da Preferência Declarada. Constatou-se que os técnicos priorizam as variáveis que estão relacionadas a um nível de serviço aceitável para a caminhada e que para os idosos o ambiente preferido para as caminhadas deve apresentar, em primeiro lugar, condições confortáveis para a movimentação, sem quaisquer obstáculos e oferecer segurança principalmente durante a travessia das ruas. O resultado deste trabalho poderá contribuir para a definição de planos e projetos para facilitar a acessibilidade das pessoas com algum tipo de deficiência ou com mobilidade reduzida e identificar os locais onde são necessárias melhorias e modificações.
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Lisboa, Christiane Terra de. "Mosaico Português = 100 anos na paisagem urbana de Campinas." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258138.
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Orientador: Evandro Ziggiatti MonteiroDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: As calçadas de mosaicos são testemunho de uma época em que a cidade era desenhada também para o pedestre e havia uma preocupação formal e estética no tratamento do passeio público, incluindo desde calçadas de áreas residenciais a praças e instituições importantes da cidade, que tiveram seus passeios especialmente criados e adornados com os mosaicos. Em Campinas esse tipo de calçamento alcançou grande popularidade, e por muitos anos seu uso foi exigido pelo poder público municipal, propiciando o aparecimento de diversas empresas, profissionais e artesãos que se dedicaram à atividade, conferindo aos espaços e à paisagem urbana uma qualidade visual ímpar. Esse período coincidiu com as décadas em que a cidade voltou a crescer e se desenvolver, após o surto de febre amarela. O estudo de caso das calçadas de mosaico português em Campinas relaciona a sua ocorrência com a urbanização, crescimento e história dos bairros mais antigos de Campinas, aqueles surgidos desde fins do século XIX até a década de 70 do século XX, por meio de levantamento de ocorrência e mapeamento de sua abrangência espacial; pesquisa da história da técnica do calçamento em Campinas; documentação fotográfica da situação atual; leitura visual e o conseqüente estudo das relações entre espaço público e privado; registro e catalogação dos signos visuais e pesquisa sobre sua relação com a identidade e a memória local do espaço das calçadas nos bairros e na cidade
Abstract: The present work is focused on the study of the Portuguese pavement mosaic sidewalks which were very popular in Campinas city from the end of the 19th century through de decade of 1970. This period corresponds to seven decades during which the city resumed its expansion and development after recovering from two severe yellow fever epidemics. This case study aims to relate the Portuguese mosaic pavements to the city's urban development, expansion and history of the oldest neighborhoods - those emerging around 1890 up to 1970 when this kind of pavement was, for many years, required by the municipal laws. This gave rise to the emergence of several paving businesses, employing stone layer professionals and skilled craftsmen dedicated to the activity. Consequently, a unique and diverse urban landscape emerged. The task is accomplished by the assessment of the occurrence of the mosaic paved paths throughout the years and the mapping of sites where they were present - sidewalks, plazas and public sites. Moreover, the study is supported by a research on the history of the paving technique used in Campinas, photos documenting the present situation, visual assessment of the remains of the past, and the resulting study of the relationship between public and private space, and the registration and indexation of visual signs. Altogether, these data from neighborhoods and the city in general, help to retrieve the memory, identity and local history of the sites
Mestrado
Arquitetura e Construção
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Meotti, Aline Freitas. "A qualificação de calçadas a partir da experiência do design ativo : o caso de Santo Ângelo, RS." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7347.
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Deslocar-se a pé é uma atividade intrínseca ao ser humano, o homem quando caminha estabelece relações com o espaço, conhecendo ou reconhecendo o território onde circula. Nas cidades, os locais destinados ao deslocamento de pedestres são os passeios públicos e, ao caminhar, as calçadas são percebidas como um recinto urbano, no qual é possível compreender o espaço por meio dos quatro planos que envolvem o ambiente pelo qual se está circulando, ou seja, plano do piso, plano da via, plano da cobertura e plano da edificação. Por meio desse entendimento, esta pesquisa tem o viés qualitativo com objetivo de investigar as calçadas da cidade de Santo Ângelo por meio de seis aspectos fundamentais do design ativo para impulsionar o movimento de pedestres. O método consiste em análise técnica do espaço para identificar o índice de qualidade das calçadas e relacionar à percepção do pedestre em planos determinados pela pesquisa. Após o conhecimento desse índice, e, também, por meio da percepção dos pedestres e das fichas de análise técnica, foi possível comparar estudos, identificar oportunidades e desafios para elencar ações prioritárias para intervir nesse espaço urbano, o que resultou em possíveis formas de utilizar esses dados para o planejamento urbano em aspectos pontuais que optam por dar preferência ao pedestre, melhorando questões relacionadas ao bem-estar e à saúde das pessoas.
Walking is an intrinsic activity for the human being, when people walk around they establish relations with the space, knowing or recognizing the territory that circulates. In the cities the place that is destined for the pedestrians to move are the sidewalks, which are perceived by the pedestrians as an urban room, walking through it is possible to understand the space by four planes that surrounds the environment – ground plan, roadside, canopy and building walls. Through this understanding this research has qualitative bias with the objective to investigate the sidewalks of Santo Angelo city by six fundamental aspects of the active design to promote pedestrians movement. The method consists on technical analysis of the space to identify the quality of the sidewalks and relate it to the perception of the pedestrians in plans determined by the research. After perceiving this data through the pedestrian perception and technical files analysis, it was possible to compare studies, identify opportunities and challenges to list priority actions to intervene in this urban space, resulting in possible ways of using this data for urban planning in specific aspects that choose to give preference to the pedestrian, improving issues related to the well-being and people’s health.
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LOPES, Jaciara Da Conceição Andrade. "O espaço das calçadas em cidades não-metropolitanas: O caso de Carpina – Pernambuco." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17491.
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A pesquisa objetivou analisar as inter-relações e os conflitos existentes entre os usos e a gestão do espaço das calçadas, em cidades não-metropolitanas médias e pequenas, a partir das intervenções cotidianas dos indivíduos, adotando como estudo de caso, a área urbana do município de Carpina/Pernambuco, especificamente a Avenida Estácio Coimbra, localizada no Bairro São José e a Avenida Doutor Joaquim Nabuco, localizada no Bairro Centro. O interesse em investigar essa temática surgiu a partir da observação empírica da dinâmica do espaço das calçadas em cidades não-metropolitanas, nas peculiaridades, semelhanças e diferenças do espaço das calçadas das metrópoles, principalmente quanto aos usos, gestão, conflitos e inter-relações existentes nesse espaço. Sendo assim, questiona-se: Em que dimensões, os indivíduos influenciam nos usos, na gestão, nos conflitos e nas inter-relações no espaço das calçadas em cidades não-metropolitanas médias e pequenas? Há territórios no espaço das calçadas? E se há, como eles se dividem? Os procedimentos metodológicos elegidos para a execução deste trabalho consistiram: na pesquisa bibliográfica, onde foram considerados conteúdos referentes à formação e reestruturação do espaço urbano, dos espaços livres públicos e do espaço das calçadas; além da análise de leis, planos e normativas referentes ao uso e ocupação do solo no município; na observação empírica da dinâmica do espaço das calçadas na cidade; nas conversas informais com indivíduos citadinos, e; na aplicação de uma entrevista semiestruturada, realizada também, com os indivíduos citadinos, identificando inter-relações e possíveis elementos conflitantes nesse espaço. Através das informações recolhidas, almejou-se realizar um diagnóstico acerca dos usos e das funcionalidades encontradas no espaço das calçadas, analisando, por meio de um recorte físico/temporal, situações e/ou elementos conflitantes, bem como, a atuação dos usuários nesse espaço, apontando Carpina como um exemplo de cidade não-metropolitana, que pode apresentar características particulares em sua dinâmica urbana. Consolidando-se como uma temática pertinente, uma vez que busca compreender de que maneira as inter-relações e os conflitos, produzidos pelos agentes sociais, interferem nos usos e na gestão do espaço das calçadas nas cidades não-metropolitanas, a pesquisa busca contribuir para uma nova experiência urbana, reconhecendo que, embora existam leis contratuais fundamentando o desenvolvimento de um município, ao que Gomes (2002) define de nomoespaço, é possível encontrar uma realidade diferente, onde, as práticas socioespaciais, a força da amizade e os acordos de interesses, promovidos pelos citadinos, é quem define esse espaço, ao que o mesmo autor nomeia de genoespaço. Entretanto, ainda que alguns agentes sociais elejam diversos espaços nas calçadas, e, nesses espaços, firmem novos territórios, impondo sobre eles, novas regras de usos, de ocupação e de gestão, diferente dos códigos de conduta que regem o município, o espaço das calçadas necessita ser observado e apropriado, nas cidades não-metropolitanas médias e pequenas, como um espaço livre público, altamente democrático e sustentado por uma rica dinâmica urbana.
The research aimed to analyze the interrelations and conflicts among uses and space management of sidewalks, small and medium cities in non-metropolitan, through daily interventions of individuals, urban area of the municipality of Carpina/Pernambuco, specifically the Estacio Coimbra Avenue, located in Bairro São José and the Doutor Joaquim Nabuco Avenue, located in the Central District. The interest in investigating that topic it has emerged from the empirical observation of the space sidewalks in non-metropolitan cities, the peculiarities, commonalities and differences of space the sidewalks of cities, particularly as to the uses, management, conflicts and existing interrelations that space. Thus, the question is: In that dimension, the individuals influence in the use, management, conflict and on the interrelations space the sidewalks in cities small and medium non-metropolitan? Are there any territories within the sidewalks? And if there is, how did they divide? Methodological elected to perform this work consists of: in literature, in which they were considered contents related to the formation and restructuring of urban space, of public open spaces and space of the sidewalks; Apart from analysis of laws, plans and regulations concerning the use and occupation of land in the municipality; the empirical observation of dynamics of space sidewalks in the city; in informal conversations with townspeople individuals and; the application of a semi-structured interview, carried out also with the townspeople individuals, identifying inter-relationships and possible conflicting elements in that space. Through the collected information, aspired to make a diagnosis about the uses and functionality found within the sidewalks, analyzing, by means of a physical trimming / temporal positions and / or conflicting information, as well as the actions of users in that space, Carpina pointing as an example of non-metropolitan city, which may have particular characteristics in its urban dynamics. Consolidating its position as a relevant theme as it seeks to understand how the interrelations and conflicts, produced by social agents interfere in the use and management of space sidewalks in non-metropolitan cities, that research seeks to contribute to a new urban experience, recognizing that although there are contract law basing the development of a municipality, what Gomes (2002) defines nomoespaço, you can find a different reality, where the socio-spatial practices, the strength of friendship and the interests agreements, promoted by townspeople, is one who defines this space by the same author names of genoespaço. However even if some social workers may elect several spaces on the sidewalks, and in these spaces, get new territories, enforcing on them new rules of use, occupancy and management, different codes of conduct that govern the municipality, the space of sidewalks need to be observed and appropriate, in cities small and medium non-metropolitan, as a public space, highly democratic and supported by a rich urban dynamics.
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Veselý, Libor. "Průtah silnice II/428 v Dětkovicích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-391884.
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The diploma thesis deals with the design of the repair of the road II/428 in the village Dětkovice and with the construction of new sidewalks and parking spaces along this road. The aim of the thesis is to optimize the tracking of the road II/428 with a regard to the safety of using it, to ensure quality drainage of the road and to enable the construction of a new sidewalk. The designed sidewalk is going to increase comfort and safety of pedestrians in the village. The new parking spaces are going to improve situation with parking in the village.
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Coulibaly, Ieda Guedes Simões. "Calçadas manauaras e idosos: desafios urbanísticos na capital do Amazonas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12362.
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Previous issue date: 2010-09-01This paper is concerned with the issue of accessibility and mobility of elderly people in urban spaces. The study was conducted in the capital city of Manaus, Amazon State, Brazil, focusing specifically on its sidewalks. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, images of Manaus sidewalks were captured and interviews with 14 elderly people were recorded in May 2010. The main goal of the study is to analyze the impact of obstacles hindering circulation of the elderly population in the urban environment. The study also sought to outline a demographic and social profile of elderly individuals who circulate along public sidewalks; find out the architectural framework for these spaces; identify imminent hazards for the elderly population; make the sidewalk infrastructure public; and contribute to the implementation of public policies focused on basic criteria to promote accessibility and mobility for Manaus residents. Results from interviews were grouped into six analytical categories as defined from recommendations of the Sidewalk for All Program, a pedestrian-safety education campaign developed by the Manaus City Government. The subjects of this research are elderly people of both sexes, among whom 6 (43%) are male and 8 (57%) are female, aged between 60-79 years old and average age of 70 years old; all respondents have basic education, whereas most of them (7 or 49%) are high school graduates. The research found that 6 respondents (42%) were born in the city of Manaus; 9 (63%) are retired; 4 (28%) walk to work; and all 14 respondents said there were obstacles on public sidewalks, while 11 found it difficult to walk along them. As a final consideration, the study highlighted potential hazards for the biopsychosocial integrity of pedestrians, especially elderly people who walk along public sidewalks and streets often at risk of tripping and falling or getting run over, which may lead to serious accidents or even death. The research has also contributed to replicable methodological procedures. As a stimulant to action and reflection, we suggest that this study should be further deepened involving a larger number of respondents from other Brazilian capital cities so as to mobilize citizens and implement public spaces in local communities to enhance community life
O tema em pauta preocupa-se com a questão da acessibilidade e da mobilidade das pessoas idosas no espaço urbano. A pesquisa foi realizada na Capital do Amazonas, Manaus, especificamente, em suas calçadas. O estudo define-se por ser qualitativo e quantitativo, sendo registradas imagens das calçadas manauaras e realizadas entrevistas, gravadas, com 14 idosos. Teve por objetivo geral conhecer o impacto dos obstáculos para a circulação urbana, enfrentados pela população idosa, em maio de 2010 e, por objetivos específicos: traçar o perfil demográfico e social dos sujeitos que circulam pelas calçadas; detectar as condições arquitetônicas deste espaço; identificar situações de riscos para a população idosa; tornar público as questões de infraestrutura das calçadas e, contribuir para a implementação de políticas públicas focadas nos critérios básicos de promoção da acessibilidade e mobilidade dos moradores de Manaus. Os resultados obtidos foram classificados em seis categorias analíticas, definidas a partir das recomendações do Programa Calçadas para Todos , campanha educacional desenvolvida pela prefeitura, baseada no Plano Diretor de Manaus e do Programa Cidade Amiga do Idoso da OMS. Detectou que os sujeitos deste estudo são pessoas idosas de ambos os sexos, 6 (43%) homens e 8 (57%), mulheres; idade mínima 60 anos, máxima 79, com média de 70 anos; todos relataram ser alfabetizados, a maioria 7, (49%) tem ensino fundamental; evidenciou-se que 6 (42%) são manauaras; 9 (63%) aposentados; 4 (28%) utilizam a via pública, para ir ao trabalho e; todos os 14 sujeitos identificaram obstáculos nas calçadas e; destes, 11 disseram ter dificuldades para circular por elas. Como considerações finais, o estudo destacou a evidência de situações de riscos a integridade biopsicosocial das pessoas, principalmente para a pessoa idosa que transita por calçadas e ruas, correndo riscos de quedas e atropelamento, podendo causar-lhes seqüelas mais graves ou mesmo levá-las à morte. E contribuiu com procedimentos metodológicos, replicáveis. Sugerido que a pesquisa seja aprofundada em inquéritos com universo maior, e até mesmo em outras cidades, por ser um estimulo a ação e a reflexão num sentido de mobilizar e implantar nas comunidades espaços públicos que incentivem a vida comunitária
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Silva, Newton Rogério Rutz da. "Avaliação do nível de serviço de calçadas em cidade de porte médio, considerando a percepção de usuários e técnicos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/67054.
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Ao se discutir a calçada como o “cenário”, onde acontecem as cenas urbanas de uma cidade, e seus “atores” – a população usuária – é possível entender os conflitos gerados pela escolha de um determinado piso, localização de um mobiliário, possibilidade de uma aglomeração, existência de uma vegetação, delimitação diferenciada de seus usuários. Ao se avaliarem as calçadas em conjunto com seu paisagismo, seu mobiliário, sua distribuição de uso e seus fatores históricos, é possível identificar conceitos anteriores de pensamento (e necessidade) urbano que não atendem aos desejos de hoje. As situações acima descritas aparecerão com a falta de controle no planejamento dos espaços urbanos e na permissividade desenfreada de ações particulares sobre o uso coletivo. São conflitos que gerarão problemas relativos à segurança dos usuários, ao impedimento de uso dos espaços públicos, à simples circulação das pessoas. O estudo e interpretação de determinados conjuntos de dados envolve muitas vezes a análise de um grande número de variáveis, constituindo-se em um trabalho difícil e demorado. O emprego de métodos multivariados, como a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP), destaca-se como uma ferramenta bastante útil quando o número de variáveis é grande. A ACP destina-se à análise de dados quantitativos e este trabalho se propôs a descrever e avaliar o uso de uma análise quantitativa em conjunto com dados qualitativos. As técnicas são aplicadas a um estudo de caso dirigido na área central da cidade de Foz do Iguaçu com o objetivo de avaliar o nível de serviço das calçadas existentes através de uma análise conjunta de fatores qualitativos e quantitativos, visando a melhoria da acessibilidade dos pedestres em geral.In discussing the sidewalk as the “scenario”, where the scenes take place in an urban city, and its “players” – the user population – it is possible to understand the conflicts generated by choosing a particular floor, a location of furniture, possibility of conurbation, the existence of vegetation, differentiated demarcation of its users. When evaluating the sidewalks in conjunction with your landscaping, your furniture, your use and distribution of their historical factors can be identified earlier concepts of thought (and need) that do not meet city desires today. The situations described above appear with the lack of control in the planning of urban spaces and unbridled permissiveness of particular actions on collective use. These are conflicts that generate safety issues for users, unable to use public spaces, the simple movement of persons. The interpretation and study of certain sets of data often involves the analysis of a large number of variables, being in a difficult and time consuming. The use of multivariate methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), stands out as very useful tool when the number of variables is large. The PCA is intended for the analysis of quantitative data and this work was to describe and evaluate the use of a quantitative analysis in conjunction with qualitative data. The techniques are applied to a case study aimed at the central area of the city of Foz do Iguaçu in order to assess the level of service of existing sidewalks through a joint analysis of qualitative and quantitative factors in order to improve the accessibility of pedestrian general.
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Ferreira, Maria Gracinda Salvador 1955. "Andar a pé em Campinas : o pedestre no limiar entre o público e o privado. Uma análise discursiva." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270490.
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Orientador: Carolina María Rodríguez ZuccolilloDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Nossa pesquisa se inscreve na perspectiva teórico-metodológica da Análise do Discurso materialista, na área Saber Urbano e Linguagem, e tem como objetivo compreender o movimento nas calçadas da cidade de Campinas, vistas como objetos de discursos e afetados pelas fronteiras entre o público e o privado. Para tanto, tomamos a cidade como objeto de análise, considerando-a como um lugar simbólico que produz sentidos, a partir de sua materialidade peculiar, conceito que afeta tanto o campo dos estudos da cidade quanto o do discurso. Nossa questão, aqui, é a de que há uma linha tênue de fronteira entre público e privado nas (novas) práticas das calçadas, diante dos obstáculos que aparecem nesses espaços, destinados ao pedestre, à sua mobilidade e movimento, redefinindo, hoje, seus modos de ocupação e de circulação. Procuramos refletir e discutir de que maneira as contradições e transformações sócio-históricas, relacionadas a esse par público/privado, podem ser fatores relevantes no estudo das produções de um determinado espaço urbano, tanto do ponto de vista de sua composição arquitetural quanto da mobilidade e da experiência cotidiana dos cidadãos. Para tanto, foi necessário determinar a natureza da relação entre linguagem/sujeito/mundo, entendendo este último como espaço de vida numa forma histórica, a cidade, entre outras possíveis para ele. Assim, estudar a cidade como espaço simbólico, constituído pela linguagem, nos levou a atribuir à materialidade da língua um estatuto central na decorrência de que sujeito, sentidos e espaço resultam do mesmo processo simbólico e que existe entre eles uma relação constitutiva. Trabalhar nessa dimensão nos permitiu analisar a produção do espaço como um processo articulado entre os que o concebem e administram, bem como os que percebem esse mesmo espaço, suas ambiências, nas relações cotidianas, nas suas experiências de locomoção, no nosso caso, as calçadas, todos inscritos numa memória comum que relaciona, na contradição, todos os gestos que participam de sua produção. Considerando todas as contradições que envolvem esse recorte urbano, que já é um recorte da rua, percebemos que a alguns lhes é permitido utilizar e usufruir deles, até mesmo com a permissão dos aparelhos do Estado, a outros, lhes é interditado, não restando senão um canto qualquer debaixo de uma marquise ou a inevitável opção de se projetar para a rua, para a avenida, concorrendo com os automóveis, para poder caminhar e seguir ao seu destino, pois as calçadas surgem interditadas àquele que, de direito, deveria usufruir delas
Abstract: Our research is in the field of theoretical and methodological perspective of materialistic discourse analysis, of Urban Knowledge and Languages, and aims to understand the movement on the sidewalks of the city of Campinas, seen as objects of discourse and affected by the boundaries between public and private. Therefore, we take the city as an object of analysis, considering it as a symbolic place that makes sense, from its quirky materiality, concept that affects both the field of city studies as of discourse. Our point here is that there is a fine line boundary between public and private in the (new) practices of the sidewalk, towards the obstacles that appear in these spaces intended for pedestrian to their mobility and movement, redefining, today, their ways of occupation and circulation. We seek to reflect and discuss how the contradictions and sociohistorical transformations, related to that public / private pair, may be relevant factors in the study of the production of a particular urban space, both from the point of view of its architectural composition as of its mobility and everyday citizen experience. Therefore, it was necessary to determine the nature of the relationship between language / subject / world, understanding this latter as a living space in a historical form, the city, among others possible for it. Therefore, studying the city as a symbolic space, constituted by language, led us set to the language materiality a central statute in the result that subject, senses and space derive from the same symbolic process and that there is a constitutive relationship between them. Working at this scale allowed us to analyze the production of space as an articulated process between those who conceive and administer it, as well as those who notice that same space, its ambiences, in everyday relations, in their locomotion experience, the sidewalks in our case, all inscribed in a common memory that connects, in contradiction, all the gestures that participate in its production. Considering all the contradictions surrounding this urban cut, which already is a cutout from the street, we noticed that for some are allowed to use and enjoy them, even with the permission of the State apparatus, for others it is forbidden, nothing left but a corner under a marquee or the inevitable option of protrude into the street, the avenue, competing with cars to be able to walk and follow to his destination, because the sidewalks arise interdicted to him that, in law, should enjoy them
Mestrado
Linguistica
Mestra em Linguística
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Volpe-Filik, Andrea. "Trincas nas calçadas e espécies muito utilizadas na arborização: comparação entre Sibipiruna ( Caesalpinia pluviosa Dc.) e Falsa-murta (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jacq.), no município de Piracicaba/SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-18052009-145230/.
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A arborização urbana oferece diversos benefícios para a população, e sua necessidade vem aumentando com o crescimento das cidades. Mas como qualquer outro equipamento urbano, existe custo de implantação, manutenção e, também, prejuízos. Dentre os potenciais prejuízos da arborização urbana, estão os danos em calçamentos e estruturas de construção civil. Este trabalho objetivou identificar quais os parâmetros que influenciam esses danos e, auxiliar na definição de políticas públicas para a arborização urbana. O estudo baseou-se no Inventário da Arborização Urbana do Município de Piracicaba, em 15 bairros. Para todo o inventário, foram identificadas as unidades e profundidades do solo baseado no Levantamento Pedológico Semidetalhado do Município de Piracicaba. Optou-se por utilizar, para análise das trincas na calçada, uma espécie arbórea, a sibipiruna (Caesalpinia pluviosa Dc.) e, uma arbustiva, a falsa-murta (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jacq.), pois existe um conceito amplamente difundido, de que, as espécies arbustivas, não causam danos ao calçamento; já, as arbóreas, são conhecidas por danificar as calçadas. Na coleta de campo, avaliou-se os seguintes itens: endereço, espécie, árvore suprimida ou substituída, CAP, tamanho do canteiro, colo pavimentado, poda da parte aérea, estrutura urbana danificada, condições da calçada e material do piso. O índice de supressão da falsa-murta foi igual ao da sibipiruna (1,7%), sendo que 89,2% das falsamurtas e 92,6% das sibipirunas não foram substituídas por outra espécie. Para a falsamurta, a concentração de indivíduos, se deu na faixa de CAP de 21 a 80 cm (82,9%); 70,2% apresentaram trincas na calçada e 29,8% ausência de trincas; 44,6% dos indivíduos tinham canteiro de até 0,20 m2; 92,3% dos indivíduos sofreram poda considerada ruim e 75,1% dos indivíduos estavam em calçada de cimento. Para a sibipiruna, a concentração de indivíduos se deu na faixa de CAP de 101 a 160 cm (57,0%); 99,4% apresentaram trincas na calçada e 0,6% ausência de trincas; 44,6% dos indivíduos estavam plantados em locais classificados como canteiros indefinidos; 94,6% dos indivíduos sofreram poda considerada ruim e a calçada mais comum foi a de cimento com 63,1% de indivíduos. A profundidade do solo não teve influência em causar ou não trincas nas duas espécies. Com a análise estatística (teste Quiquadrado) pôde-se contrapor alguns conceitos difundidos na arborização urbana, concluindo-se que os arbustos também causam danos e as podas influenciam nos danos em calçadas, entre outras. Não existe solução simples para eliminação do conflito entre as árvores viárias e os equipamentos e estruturas urbanas. A população precisa e deve ser informada sobre todos os parâmetros, opções, benefícios e prejuízos de cada ação que estimule ou iniba o plantio de uma árvore em calçada.The urban forestry offers several benefits for the population and their need is increasing with the growth of cities. But like other urban equipment, there is cost of implementation, maintenance, and also losses. Among the potential damage of urban forestry, are paving the damage to structures and construction. This study aimed to identify the parameters that influence the damage and assist in the definition of public policies for urban forestry. The study was based on an inventory of urban forestry of the city of Piracicaba, in 15 districts. For the entire inventory, the units were identified and depths based on soil survey Pedológica semidetailed the city of Piracicaba. Was used for analysis of cracks in the sidewalk, a tree species, the sibipiruna (Caesalpinia rainy Dc.), And a bush, the falsa-murta (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jacq.), There is a concept widely widespread, that the shrub species, do not cause damage to the paving, while the trees are known to damage the sidewalks. In collecting field and focuses on the following: address, sort, tree removed or replaced, CAP, bed size, lap paved, pruning of shoots, damaged urban structure, and material conditions of the pavement of the floor. The rate of elimination of falsa-murta was equal to the sibipiruna (1.7%), whereas 89.2% of falsa-murta and 92.6% of sibipiruna were not replaced by other species. For the falsemyrtle, the concentration of individuals, was in the range of CAP 21 to 80 cm (82.9%), 70.2% had cracks in the sidewalk and 29.8% no broken; 44.6% of individuals had bed tree to 0.20 m2, 92.3% of individuals have suffered as bad pruning and 75.1% of individuals were in sidewalk cement. For sibipiruna, the concentration of individuals was in the range of 101 to 160 CAP cm (57.0%), 99.4% had cracks in the sidewalk and 0.6% absence of cracks, 44.6% of individuals were planted in locations classified as uncertain beds trees, 94.6% of individuals have suffered as bad pruning and sidewalk was the most common cement with 63.1% of individuals. The depth of soil had no influence on whether or not cause cracks in the two species. With the statistical analysis (Chi-square) could be countered some concepts available in urban forestry, concluding that the damage also shrubs and pruning influence the damage to sidewalks, among others. There is no simple solution to eliminate the conflict between the trees and road equipment and urban structures. The people need and should be informed about all parameters, options, benefits and harm of each action that stimulate or inhibit the planting of a tree in the sidewalk.
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Campelo, Ana Elisa Pinheiro. "ProposiÃÃo de modelo para escolha de rotas urbanas acessÃveis considerando-se os critÃrios de microacessibilidade para as pessoas com deficiÃncia fÃsica motora." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7050.
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O presente trabalho à voltado à acessibilidade do transporte nÃo-motorizado a pÃ, considerando critÃrios estabelecidos a partir do conceito de Desenho Universal. O mÃtodo desenvolvido foi capaz de permitir a proposiÃÃo de rotas mÃnimas acessÃveis em uma Ãrea especÃfica do centro de Fortaleza. Para tanto, foram definidos indicadores de acessibilidade e seus respectivos pesos, possibilitando, assim, o desenvolvimento de uma funÃÃo representativa do fenÃmeno microacessibilidade nas calÃadas e consequente anÃlise qualitativa da Ãrea escolhida. Tal funÃÃo foi
denominada como Ãndice de acessibilidade, a qual foi inserida na arquitetura de um SIG-T (Sistema de InformaÃÃes GeogrÃficas aplicado aos Transportes). Assumindo-se que a importÃncia relativa de cada indicador de acessibilidade deve ser determinada por aqueles que utilizam as vias de circulaÃÃo do modo a pÃ, ou seja, as calÃadas, foi
entrevistado um grupo de pedestres que apresentam maior limitaÃÃo fÃsica (pessoas com deficiÃncia motora). Em paralelo, um levantamento fÃsico da Ãrea de estudo foi
realizado para verificar a ocorrÃncia dos indicadores de acessibilidade nos trechos de calÃadas, levando em consideraÃÃo os parÃmetros modelados pela NBR9050:2004 da
ABNT (AssociaÃÃo Brasileira de Normas TÃcnicas) em relaÃÃo Ãs necessidades de circulaÃÃo de uma pessoa usuÃria de cadeira de rodas. Os dados coletados tambÃm
foram inseridos no SIG-T para que, por fim, fosse possÃvel classificar tais trechos de acordo com seus respectivos nÃveis de serviÃo. Espera-se, aqui, contribuir com a
identificaÃÃo de trajetos urbanos mais acessÃveis ao pedestre, sobretudo aos que possuem deficiÃncia motora ou mobilidade reduzida, permitindo, assim, uma orientaÃÃo dos percursos mais acessÃveis sob a Ãtica da infraestrutura viÃria.The present study is about the accessibility of the transport not-motorized, as walk, having considered criteria established from the concept of Universal Design. In the literature revision, a new referencial theoretical was found and used later as a starting point for the formulation of a method. This was capable to allow the proposal of accessible minimum routes in a specific area of FortalezaÂs city center. For in such a way, it was defined accessibilityÂs indicators and its respective weights making possible, thus, the development of a representative function of the phenomenon microaccessibility in the sidewalk and a qualitative analysis of the chosen area. Such function was called as accessibility index, which was inserted in the architecture of a SIG-T (System of Geographic Information applied to the Transports). Believing that the relative importance, that each accessibilityÂs indicator represents on others, must be determined by that uses the ways of circulation to walk, that is, the sidewalk, the group of pedestrians that presents the most physical limitation was interviewed, the people with motor deficiency. In parallel, a physical survey of the area chosen in FortalezaÂs city center was carried through to verify the occurrence of the accessibilityÂs indicators in the stretches of sidewalk leading in consideration the parameters preset for ABNT 9050 in relation to the circulation necessities of wheels chairÂs users. The data also collected had been inserted in the SIG-T so that it was possible, at last, to classify such stretches in service levels. One expects here to contribute with the identification of accessible urban pedestrian passages, over all to that one who presents motor deficiency or reduced mobility, allowing, thus, an orientation of the accessible passages under the optics of the road infrastructure.
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Brito, Francisco Lacerda. "Direito à calçada: o espaço e o pedestre na cidade de Salvador - Ba." Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/123456730/252.
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O presente trabalho objetiva estudar a relação dos soteropolitanos com as calçadas da cidade de Salvador, na atualidade, com ênfase no direito a esse espaço público. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida pesquisa, por amostragem, em locais representativos da cidade: no centro antigo e no centro moderno, um bairro com alto poder aquisitivo e um bairro de baixo padrão aquisitivo, e, ainda, um bairro com presença de turistas, verificando-se, nesses espaços, as calçadas da via principal e de uma via em seu entorno. Inicialmente, serão abordadas algumas noções teóricas sobre espaço público urbano, sob o enfoque da rua e das calçadas, e aspectos legais da questão territorial urbana, destacando-se o plano diretor e o direito constitucional de livre locomoção. Em seguida, será examinada como se deu a implantação das primeiras calçadas de Salvador e o histórico da legislação sobre essas calçadas. Por fim, será analisado como se dá a ocupação desse espaço nas áreas pesquisadas, inclusive, com impressão dos usuários obtida por meio de entrevistas e aplicação de questionário. Pretende-se, assim, identificar e melhor compreender como se dá a relação entre os soteropolitanos e suas calçadas, e, ao mesmo tempo, demonstrar que o usuário da calçada tem o direito de livremente utilizar esse espaço público sem obstruções indevidas, propiciando-lhe conforto, segurança e prazer no ir e vir pelas ruas da cidade.
This work aims to study the behavior of the soteropolitans when facing the side walks of the city of Salvador nowadays, from the perspective of the right of using this public space. To reach this objective, it was developed a research for sampling on representative locations of the city: the old downtown and the modern downtown, a neighborhood with high purchasing power and a neighborhood of low purchasing one, and, yet, a neighborhood with presence of tourists, observing in these spaces, the main road sidewalks and one track in their surroundings. Initially, will be shown some theoretical notions about urban public space, under the focus of the street and sidewalks and legal aspects of urban territorial issue, stressing the city guidelines and the constitutional right of freedom of locomotion. Then, it will be examined how the implementation of the first sidewalks of Salvador happened and the history of legislation on those sidewalks. Finally, it will be considered how the occupation of that space is being done in the areas surveyed, including the user impressions obtained through interviews and the application of a questionnaire. The main objective, is to identify and better understand how it happens the relationship between soteropolitans and their sidewalks, and at the same time, demonstrate that the user of the sidewalk has the right to freely use this public space without undue obstructions, providing them comfort, safety and pleasure in coming and going through the streets of the city.
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Moreira, Ligia Martelli. "As operações urbanas Faria Lima em São Paulo e a mobilidade do pedestre nas calçadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-21022017-100045/.
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Esta tese se propõe a investigar qual o real potencial que o instrumento de planejamento urbano, denominado \'Operações Urbanas\', pode ter na produção e qualificação dos espaços públicos como as calçadas, para o maior conforto e segurança dos pedestres, cuja mobilidade constitui um terço de todas as viagens realizadas na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, diariamente (cerca de 13 milhões de viagens sobre um total de 40 milhões). Focalizando o caso específico das calçadas da Avenida Faria Lima e seus arredores mais próximos, a pesquisa que sustenta essa tese, confirma ter havido melhorias neste local, por meio da alocação dos recursos financeiros e técnicos gerados pelas OUFLs - Operações Urbanas Faria Lima, além de boa receptividade pelos seus usuários pedestres, mas não ao ponto de tornar o ambiente completamente seguro para o transeunte e gerando diferenças qualitativas entre a avenida, principal eixo urbano da mesma, e as ruas vizinhas, dentro do perímetro dessa operação urbana. Neste sentido, a tese sugere mais pesquisa na sua direção investigativa, para que este instrumento urbanístico seja redesenhado para fazer jus às suas prerrogativas normativas, em real benefício da população municipal de São Paulo, como um todo.This thesis aims at investigating the true potential that the urban planning instrument, the so-called \'Urban Operations\', may have in the production and qualification of public spaces such as sidewalks, for the greater comfort and safety of pedestrians, whose mobility constitutes one third of all travels carried out in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region (approximately 13 million out of a total of 40 million). Focusing the specific case study of the Faria Lima avenue and its immediate surroundings, the research supporting this thesis confirms that improvements were obtained in this location, by the allocation of the financial and technical resources generated by the OUFLs - Faria Lima Urban Operations, besides the fine receptivity by its pedestrian users, yet not to the point of turning the environment completely safe for the streetwalker and generating qualitative differences between the avenue, its main urban axis, and the avenue\'s neighbouring streets, within its urban operation perimeter. In this sense, the thesis suggests additional research in its main investigative direction, so that this urban planning instrument be redesigned to do justice to its normative prerrogatives, in the real benefit of the municipal population of Sao Paulo, as a whole.
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BERN, ALAN SETH. "SIDEWAYS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1145547580.
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WAINTRAUB, TATIANA. "MODELING THE COPACABANA SIDEWALK PAVEMENT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20709@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRONesta dissertação, propomos um método não supervisionado para modelar o pavimento da calçada da praia de Copacabana, e pavimentos de pedras portuguesas em geral. Dada uma imagem de referência em preto e branco, a saída do algoritmo proposto são as geometrias individuais de todas as pedras que compõem o pavimento. Diferentemente das técnicas anteriores para criação de mosaicos, focamos em capturar as particularidades desses pavimentos: as pedras (ladrilhos) devem seguir completamente as arestas da imagem, sendo em sua maioria representadas por quadriláteros irregulares sem orientação específica. Um conjunto de experimentos demonstra a eficácia e estabilidade da nossa proposta.
In this dissertation, we propose an unsupervised method to model the Copacabana beach sidewalk pavement, and Portuguese pavements in general. Given a black and white source image, the proposed method outputs the geometry of all individual stones that compose the pavement. Different from previous mosaic techniques, we focus on capturing the particularities of such pavements: stones (tiles) follow the edges, being mostly represented by irregular quadrilaterals with no particular orientation. A set of experiments demonstrates the effectiveness and stability of our proposal.
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Comins, Duane Thomas. "Quotidian architecture : occupying the sidewalk." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31579.
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It is estimated that nearly two in three people will live in urban areas by 2045. The city is increasingly seen as a place of opportunity. It has become a receptacle for new social, cultural and economic strata. The urban environment is converted and mutated by everyday public performances. This condition becomes evident when the street is inhabited as a space that connects the workplace, the home and institutions. The built wall often attracts and establishes these new activities.It is here that conventional architectural typologies are challenged. This dissertation explores the notion of the wall in an attempt to reconfigure the sidewalk. A conceptual network of interfaces that contain infrastructure, public services and urban armatures is proposed. Within this context, it is argued that architecture should support these everyday performances as well as define a new spatial identity, within the urban environment.Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Architecture
MArch(Prof)
Unrestricted
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Shoot, Erin Janel. "Spinning the Plan Sideways." UKnowledge, 2016. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/32.
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Spinning the Plan Sideways is the story of Clara Gantz, a thirty-eight year old architect who spent her twenties getting her plans—and sections and elevations—just right. She built buildings in lieu of a family and has considered these buildings her children, but lately she’s been finding a void in wood, marble, and steel. Encouraged, with methods bordering on coercion, by Greta, her “sister” from the Gantz Home for Girls, Clara agrees to mentor Julien, a troubled twelve-year-old. Years ago, when Julien was five, his mother split their house apart, lifting it to make three-stories from one, and moved into the top level with her new husband and daughter, leaving Julien and his father, Michel on the levels below. The separation drove Michel to attempt suicide on Julien’s ninth birthday leaving him with violent aversions to homes over one-story tall. As Clara works with Julien, she discovers her life had been focused on developing the wrong types of plans and she invests in creating new plans for herself, Julien, and Michel. The story unfolds through the parallel viewpoints of Clara and Michel, with Julien’s Grim Fairytale tucked in the middle.
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Liu, Dixi. "NEMS by sidewall transfer lithography." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/31868.
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A batch fabrication process for nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) based on sidewall transfer lithography (STL) is developed and demonstrated. The STL is used to form nanoscale flexible silicon suspensions entirely by conventional lithography. A two-step process is designed for single-layer STL to fabricate simple electrothermal actuators, while a three-step process is designed to allow nanoscale features intersecting with each other for more complicated device lay-outs. Fabricated nanoscale features has a minimum in-plane width of approx. 100nm and a high aspect ratio of 50 : 1. Combined structures with microscale and nanoscale parts are transferred together into silicon by deep reactive etching (DRIE). Suspensions are achieved either by plasma undercut or HF vapour etch based on BSOI. The STL processes are used to form nanoscale suspensions while conventional lithography is used to form localised microscale features such as anchors. A wide variety of demonstrator devices have been fabricated with high feature quality. Analytic models have been developed to compare with experimental characterization and finite element analysis (FEA) predictions. Lattice structures fabricated by multi-layer STL have also be investigated as a novel type of mechanical metamaterial. Thus, the process could allow low-cost and mass parallel fabrication of future NEMS with a wider range of potential applications.
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Rejzek, Jan. "Studie náměstí v České Skalici." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392163.
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The aim of the diploma thesis is to design a suitable layout of the square in České Skalice. The work deals with the design of parking places, bus bays, barrier-free sidewalks and the design of pedestrian crossings and places for crossing. The other part is the layout of greenery and the improvement of the center of the square. In the framework of the work, three variants of the arrangement were elaborated. The most preferred option was further elaborated.
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Kendrick, Maureen Elizabeth. "Play, a sideways glance at literacy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60310.pdf.
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Yamashita, Daichi. "The mechanics of human sideways locomotion." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188791.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第18353号
人博第666号
新制||人||160(附属図書館)
25||人博||666(吉田南総合図書館)
31211
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻
(主査)准教授 神﨑 素樹, 教授 森谷 敏夫, 准教授 久代 恵介, 教授 小田 伸午
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Brannon, Garvice M. "This Fistful of Quiet." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1245293241.
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SILVA, LÍVIA BEATRIZ BRIGAGÃO DA. "SUSTAINABLE SOCIAL SIDEWALK: A PROPOSAL FOR THE CITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27864@1.
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A concentração da população urbana e a dinâmica das cidades apresentam desafios às administrações públicas municipais em suas tarefas de ampliar e conservar caminhos pavimentados destinados a pedestres, especialmente em metrópoles como o Rio de Janeiro onde a integração entre dois ou mais modais de transporte público é realizada quase totalmente sobre a superfície e por meio de linhas de ônibus, demandando a utilização de calçadas com mais frequência. Embora a Constituição Federal trate dos temas acessibilidade em prédios, portadores de deficiência, segurança viária e mobilidade urbana, as ações públicas voltadas para soluções de tráfego ainda privilegiam modais motorizados. Sem conservação, calçadas com buracos e desníveis estão por toda a cidade. Faltam rampas de acesso para pessoas com mobilidade reduzida e sobram obstáculos que diminuem a capacidade de fluxo para os pedestres, como bancas de jornal mal posicionadas. Inegável é que o planejamento e as respectivas ações administrativas para a gestão de calçadas urbanas necessitam de técnicas que deem conta da dinâmica em lugar de soluções empíricas. Esta pesquisa propõe um modelo de calçada sustentável que priorize as dimensões social e institucional da complexa realidade urbana representada. Um índice de qualidade é proposto para que o gestor público possa diagnosticar e monitorar a conservação dos pavimentos destinados a pedestres.Pavements for pedestrians were object of attention of rulers since the 17th century, when cities still had no motor vehicles. In the city of Rio de Janeiro, capital of the empire, in 1870, a new urban structure was in process, in total harmony with transportation; the city expanded due to the capacity of the transport network to ensure transportation of the population (Silva, 2008). Figure 1 exhibits the granite sidewalks of Ajuda street, in the proximities of the municipal theater of Rio de Janeiro, in the early 20th century. They offered good comfort and safety conditions even for current demand levels. This example represents a significant advancement in pedestrian infrastructure in comparison to pavings that still prevailed at the time, as the pé-de-moleque (boy s-foot, a Brazilian candy made with crunched peanuts) pavement that emerged in colonial Brazil, still present in neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro and other historical cities of Brazil. Figure 1 also shows an segment in pé de moleque on current Rio Branco avenue, discovered in 2015 upon construction of the light rail vehicle (VLT). Currently, sidewalks may be considered an indicator of human development, within the sustainable human mobility sphere, defined as the displacement manner that prioritizes the individual, respecting same as to what regards proper needs, producing minimal energetic cost, with significant reduction of pollutants emissions and noise levels, restricting use of cars and decreasing their speeds. In this scenario wherein sustainability is considered a guideline for urban development policies, which have among their purposes equity and social justice in the appropriation of land, resources and the use of road space, city walking gains more importance (Gondim, 2001). In Brazil, where more than 80 percent of the population lives in cities, how does the municipal public administration act on the current sidewalks infrastructure? Could a sidewalk quality index serve as a tool to the manager and the proper population, through residents associations to diagnose and monitor the quality of sidewalks? An attempt to answer these important questions is the aim of this work.
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Harris, Houston. "Connecting Communities: Comparison of sidewalk characteristics and connectivity in existing Tucson neighborhoods." The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608639.
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Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone ProjectSidewalk fragmentation in Tucson is the result of City Code Ordinance 25-12 that places the responsibility of sidewalk installation and maintenance on property owner. However, with an average household income 27% below the national average and 25% of Tucson residents living below poverty level sidewalk fragmentation has become a pedestrian safety concern. By using Google Earth to measure the percentage of paved, unpaved and not present sidewalks in four historic communities in central Tucson; this study found a directly proportional relationship between the length of time the neighborhood has been listed as a historic community and the percentage of paved sidewalks within the neighborhood.
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Razzanti, Valérie. "Sidewalk doctor : naissance de l'industrie de la musique en Jamaïque : une histoire." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0030.
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Le processus d'industrialisation de la musique en Jamaïque s'articule autour du contexte historique et anthropologique d'un phénomène socio-musical où est mis en œuvre un véritable « esprit d'entreprise ». Suivant un plan narratif qui éclaire les fondements de cette industrie, l'analyse s'inscrit dans deux durées différentes : l'une longue, autour de la naissance et du développement de l'industrie de la musique (du XVIIIème siècle jusqu'à la décennie 1970) et l'autre plus ramassée, centrée sur le parcours du groupe de Bob Marley et les Wailers (1945 à 1980). Ce n'est alors pas le cheminement vers la gloire qui intéresse l'étude mais davantage l'éclairage de la « lutte » du groupe pour exister dans la société jamaïcaineThe industrialization of music in Jamaica is articulated around the historical and anthropological context of a socio-musical phenomenon which has implemented a real "entrepreneurship". In a narrative level that illuminates the foundations of this industry, the analysis register in two different periods: one long, around the birth and development of the music industry (eighteenth century to the 1970s) and the other more compact, centered on the route of the group of Bob Marley and the Wailers (1945-1980). Then it is not the path to fame that interests our study but more the lightening of the group's « struggle »to exist in the Jamaican society
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Braunsfurth, Manfred G. "A study of sidewall convection in liquid gallium." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240531.
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Berglind, Robin. "Impact of Sidewall Pressure on High Voltage Cables." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16795.
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When a high voltage cable is transported throughout factory it is affected by sidewall pressure in cable bends between the roller supports and the cable. The problem is when the sidewall pressure is too high it will deform the cable which can have a negative impact on the conductivity of the cable. The roller supports can also get damaged because of fatigue. These negative consequences are the subject to exploration by implementing known analytical solution of contact mechanics developed by Hertz together with finite element analysis and experimental testing. Two possible methods of measuring the radial force is studied to be able adjust the roller supports positions to reduce the sidewall pressure on the cable. The first one is to use the pressure film to determine the radial force. The second one is to by measuring the compression in cable to thereafter translate it to radial force by having the relation between compression and radial force for the specific cable. Two different types of high voltage cables, a direct current (DC) cable and an alternating current (AC) cable is studied by using finite element method and experimental tests to see the relation between the compression and radial force in the cable. Also in these experimental tests the pressure films are used and evaluated to see if this measuring technique combined with Hertzian’s theory make it possible determining the radial force. For the method of using the pressure films to determine the radial force the result shows it is difficult to translate the pressure from the films to radial force for a high voltage because of the cable’s armouring wires. The conclusion about these the pressure films is that they are good to use to describe the compression and can be used as relative measurement between the rollers but not for determine the radial force. The result shows it is a possible to describe relation between compression and radial force for a high voltage cable and use this information to determine the radial force by measuring the compression. But the conclusion is that it is ineffective and less accurate way of measuring the radial force. These results from this thesis are important for further research within the area and they help creating a greater understanding of sidewall pressure related problems in cables.
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Rolston, Stephen Carson. "An application of passive control for supersonic sidewall intakes." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359123.
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Parsadous, Ali. "Vertical sidewall boundary layers in combined waves and currents." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339101.
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Choi, Dongsung. "Analysis of Mo sidewall ohmic contacts to InGaAs fins." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108987.
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Thesis: S.M. in Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 79-80).
As transistor size is scaled down, the performance is degraded and many problems, so called shortchannel effects, arise. To address this problem, a vertical transistor structure such as vertical nanowire is suggested. In a vertical nanowire field-effect-transistor, the Ohmic contact at the top of the nanowire not only covers the top surface, but also wraps around the sidewall. Because the sidewall is considered to be different from the top surface, it is necessary to study the sidewall Ohmic contact properties such as the contact resistivity. In this thesis, to explore sidewall contact resistivity, a theoretical model for sidewall contacts is developed. For the suggested test structure, the fin sidewall contact (FSWC) structure, the sidewall contact is modeled with a transmission line model (TLM), and by using TLM, the sidewall contact resistance is derived. Also, an extraction method of the sidewall contact resistivity from the total resistance measured in FSWC structure is developed. Next, process steps to fabricate FSWC structure are developed. FSWC structure is made for Mo/n+-InGaAs contacts. The key step is that the fin etch mask on top of InGaAs is not removed and the metal (Mo) is sputtered so that InGaAs is contacted by the Mo only through the sidewall. Therefore, only a sidewall contact is made without a top contact. Also, to investigate the way to improve the sidewall contact resistivity, the effect of digital etch and annealing on the sidewall contact resistivity is explored. With the measured total resistance in FSWC structure and the extraction method for sidewall contact resistivity, sidewall contact resistivity for each split of digital etch and annealing are extracted. As a summary of the effect of digital etch and annealing, two cycles of digital etch or sequential annealing up to 400 °C improves the sidewall contact resistivity with little sacrifice in semiconductor resistivity. The best result of sidewall contact resistivity is 3.7±0.01[Omega] x [mu]m2 at 400 °C annealing, which is about 1.9 times improvement over the non-annealed value, 6.9±0.05 [Omega] x [mu]m2 but still about 5.4 times larger than the reported top contact resistivity of 0.69±0.3 [Omega] x [mu]m2.
by Dongsung Choi
S.M. in Electrical Engineering
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Houghten, Jonathan Lester 1964. "Etching in silicon-dioxide with a controllable sidewall angle." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276768.
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A selective sloped silicon dioxide etching method has been studied using a temperature controlled diode-type reactive ion etch system with CHCl₃, C₂F₆, H₂ and N₂ gases. The SiO₂ was covered by a polyimide mask with vertical sidewalls and window openings from 1.25-4 microns. Control of the sidewall slope in SiO₂ is possible through varying the ratios of CHCl₃ and C₂F₆. High percentages (95-100%) of CHCl₃ resulted in low etch rates of 420 angstroms/min. Large slopes of up to 65 degrees are possible. With C₂F₆ above 5%, larger etch rates close to 2000 angstroms/min. occur and etching becomes vertical with purely anisotropic profiles at 10% C₂F₆. In a simulation study, SiO₂ sidewall slope was found to be controlled by the isotropic deposition rate as well as the anisotropic etch rate. Optical Multichannel Analysis of the discharge showed an increase in silicon dioxide removal when the percentage of C₂F₆ was increased. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
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Shankar, Sneha. "Protective Responses during a Sideways Fall: Effects of Secondary Tasks." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2794.
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Falls and hip fractures are a major public health problem among the elderly. In addition to bone strength, sideways falls and direct hip impact are important determinants for hip fracture. However, few falls actually cause serious injury in both young and older adults. Therefore, understanding how individuals facilitate a safe landing during a fall will help guide appropriate exercise-based training programs. The primary purpose of this thesis was to investigate the effects of secondary tasks on movement strategies during a sideways fall. To address this aim, I used a tether and electromagnet to suddenly release subjects from a sideways leaning position, causing them to fall onto a gymnasium mat. I instructed subjects to "fall and protect yourself, as if you were landing on a hard surface". I acquired trials in four conditions, presented in a pseudo-random order: falling while holding a box, falling while holding an empty mug, falling while reciting spoken text, and falling with no secondary task. In most trials, regardless of condition, impact occurred to the lateral aspect of the pelvis (no secondary task = 87%, box = 82%, cognitive = 90%, mug = 79%). While the frequency of impact to both hands decreased when carrying an object (box=67%, mug=50% compared to cognitive=90% and no secondary task=85%), 40% of trials in the mug condition involved one hand contacting the ground, indicating hand impact was still common. It appears when protective movements such as impact to the knees and hands did occur, they were not used to avoid direct hip impact. Instead, they were used to help break the fall, and to avoid head impact, which was not seen in this experiment. The results from this study indicate that secondary tasks have minimal effects on fall responses and that the rare occurrence of hip fractures in the young is due to some combination of bone strength and effective use of body segments to break the fall.
In a second study, I examined how a cognitive task affected the ability of young women to rotate forward (FR) or backward (BR) during a sideways fall. Subjects were released from a sideways leaning position and were provided with a visual cue upon tether release instructing them on the desired direction of rotation. The site of impact on the pelvis (as reflected by the hip proximity angle) was closer to the lateral aspect of the hip in cognitive trials than in control trials (43 ± 18º versus 51 ± 19º in FR and 59 ± 18º versus 68 ± 18º in BR) (p=0. 0006). This was due to a longer delay in the initiation of rotation in cognitive trials (293 ± 60 ms versus 232 ± 71 ms in FR and 278 ± 87 ms versus 239 ± 60 ms), as opposed to a change in mean angular velocity. Pelvis impact velocity was similar in the two conditions (2. 6 ± 0. 3 m/s compared to 2. 7 ± 0. 3 m/s in FR trials and 2. 8 ± 0. 2 m/s compared to 2. 9 ± 0. 2 m/s in BR trials) (p=0. 0514). The results from this study indicate that involvement in a secondary task can impair safe landing responses. Secondary attentional tasks cause a delay in the initiation of fall protective responses, which alters landing configuration. However, the motor programme that governs falling, remaining consistent across condition is robust to changes in task execution at the onset of the fall.
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Chen, Tzengyuan. "Driving of axial acoustic fields by sidewall stabilized diffusion flames." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12969.
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Kumar, Gandem Anil. "Padestrian Flow Behaviour along Sidewalks." Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6803/1/PADESTRIAN_Kumar_2015.pdf.
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Pedestrian walking is a major mode of transportation in Indian cities and also effective mode of transportation for short trips. In this study pedestrian sidewalk data was collected from three locations in Rourkela city in India. The obtaining three locations data was bi-directional flow unsteady data and also collect uni-directional flow data from L.A.Hall with in the NIT Rourkela campus. These data was analyzed for finding pedestrian characteristics like speed, flow and density as well as to draw the fundamental diagrams. Pedestrian fundamental diagrams and pedestrian characteristics are depends on gender of the pedestrian, age of pedestrian and type of facilities (sidewalks, wide sidewalks and prescient’s). “ pedestrian characteristics, fundamental diagrams for uni-directional flow as well as bi-directional flow, comparison of pedestrian fundamental diagrams between uni-directional and bi-directional flow, capacity and level of service (LOS) for above three sections” was done in this study. Hypothesis testing was conducted for compare the pedestrian speed between different sections and different combinations was done in this study.
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warn, lie-ell, and 汪令堯. "The Analyses of Seepage and Stability for Embankment Sidewalks." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41810468359039945297.
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碩士逢甲大學
土木及水利工程研究所
89
Abstract This thesis is focusing on the earth sidewalks that were constructed after the nearby bridges were destroyed during the 921 Chi-Chi Earthquake. After reviewing their behaviors during operation, the analysis of seepage, the simulation of the embankment construction, the stress analysis for the application of seepage forces corresponding to each embankment condition and its related stream velocity, and the stability analysis under the action of uplift force on the bottom of the embankment were performed. Thus, the distributions of shear stresses, stress levels, and factors of safety could be investigated. Thereafter, the possibilities of both the shear failure in the embankment and the sliding failure at the bottom of the embankment could be realized. While performing analyses, the FASTSEEP program was used for seepage analyses, and the FEADAM84 program was used for embankment construction simulations. After obtaining the distribution of pore water pressures at the bottom of the embankment, the factor of safety under the action of the calculated uplift forces could be evaluated. Results from this research indicate that (1) When the difference between the water table of the upstream and the downstream is existing, but no PC pavement for both sides of the embankment and no stream velocity is available, shear failures can be found on the slope and near the toe of the upstream side, and such failure phenomenon will be enlarged with the increase in the stream velocity; (2) When the difference between the water table of the upstream and the downstream and PC pavements for both sides of the embankment is existing, but no stream velocity is available, shear failures cannot occur in the embankment; however, for the stream velocity is equal to 5 m/sec or 10 m/sec, shear failures do occur on the slope and near the toe of the upstream side, and such failure phenomenon is enlarged with the increase in the stream velocity; (3) When the difference between the water table of the upstream and the downstream is existing and the strength of materials is reduced after soil fines were flushed, sliding failures along the bottom of the embankment cannot occur under most circumstances; such failures can only be found under the conditions for the slopes without PC pavements or for the openings found on the slope of upstream side; (4) It is helpful for the stability of the embankment sidewalk when PC carpets or grouting curtains are utilized on the top surface or in the foundation soils near the toe of the upstream side. During the operation stage after constructions, the embankment sidewalk shall function as an ordinary bridge due to the long period for the bridge reconstruction. It is clearly vivid from the conclusions of this research that the design for embankment sidewalks in the future should follow the procedures adopted in this thesis. As such, the safety of embankment sidewalks can only be secured.
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Huang, Chao-Ching, and 黃朝慶. "A Study on Design Variables of Sidewalks with Disabled Facilities." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42070460811131589302.
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碩士逢甲大學
交通工程與管理所
98
Walk is the most popular style for resident to outdoor; therefore how to improve the disabled equipments in sidewalk is very important for government. The studies are focused on the best feasible design in sidewalk with disabled equipment, and making a modified specification of design in sidewalk with disabled equipment. This study own four major parts include reference review, field observation, material test, expert survey, data analysis and making the modified specification of design in sidewalk with disabled equipment. The historic National rating data of sidewalk with disabled equipment was also used to analysis. After collection of field test and expert survey, correlation analysis and analysis of variance would be conducted. The items field tests were measurement of net height, net width, slope, surface texture and friction in sidewalk. In addition, the experts involve government officer, scholar, engineers, and disabled party. According to results, the maximum slop of ramp should be 5.6% and it is lower than specification of Construction and Planning Agency Ministry of the Interior (CPAMI). Some material is nice to view, but is not suitable to be sidewalk material. Marble is the typical material which is very dangerous in wet situation. The surface of sidewalk should not adopt above material. The best material of sidewalk pavement is concrete with transverse broom and permeable brick which offer the higher friction. Finally the modified design of sidewalk with disabled equipment was making and validation, it is feasible for engineers to design. Based on above, the result of this study is worthy to further study and application. Build a sidewalk based on all kinds of human motion is common duty of officer, scholar and contractor. It should need more Efforts in the future to successful.
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LIN, WEN-XIONG, and 林文雄. "An evaluation of the service level for the Taipei sidewalks." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32618054241772380072.
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Joshi, Deepak. "Winter 'n' Wheels study: Understanding experiences of key stakeholder groups regarding sidewalks accessibility in winter for wheeled mobility device users." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/24165.
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Community participation during the cold winter months is difficult for wheeled mobility device (WMD) users. However, limited attention has been given to understanding this problem, and collaboratively identifying solutions with stakeholders. This qualitative study explored the issues faced by key stakeholders (WMD users and Public Works Department employees) regarding use and provision of accessible sidewalks in winter and identified solutions. Eleven participants informed the study through a combination of go-along interviews, key informant interviews, photographs, and meteorological data. Four themes were identified: the context of winter season, winter and wheels interact, winter versus the city, and a framework for winter access and success. Solutions included creating awareness, taking action, and assuming accountability through collaborative efforts and increased information sharing. Based on the perspectives of informed stakeholders this study contributes to the development of focused interventions for overcoming winter sidewalk barriers and thus, enabling winter community participation of WMD users.
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LIN, SYUN-HE, and 林勳赫. "The Research of Relationship between the Variable of Sidewalks and the Illegal Uses." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9ajta9.
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碩士中國文化大學
景觀學系
106
There are many indistinct areas of using arcades and pedestrian spaces in Taiwan. These unclear cognitions are reflected in the behavior of most users. We will investigate the conflict between law and behavior of users in the arcades and sidewalks. The main reason of conflict is that users consider the territoriality of arcades and sidewalks is a private space. Based on the theory of Behavior Setting, explains the behavior of users in the sidewalks and arcades. We also used T-test, Anova and Pearson Correlation to explain the situation of unsuitable uses. There are 11 sample areas in our research area in Taipei, the sample areas are decided by intersection of the metro stations. The centers of station are used the centers of gravity. We recorded the style of buildings, doors, functions, business hours and unsuitable uses. In our sample areas, there are 1376 data from this research. The result of this study found the most likely to make stronger unsuitable behaviors are the variables of type of space and unsuitable behavior in pedestrian. The space models are about door, pedestrian of type and function of building. Then we found that makes strongly unsuitable behaviors is the function of building strongly extend. Variable of door also shows the same thing. The completely open is stronger than the other two type. In the T-test of style of space, the unsuitable behaviors of single styles are stronger than multiple style, that reason is maybe there are no another side to share the unsuitable behaviors. There is medium relationship between unsuitable behavior of three time. It’s shows continuous of time about unsuitable behavior.