To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Sidewalks.
Journal articles on the topic 'Sidewalks'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Sidewalks.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Han, Haoying, Thuy Van T. Nguyen, and Noman Sahito. "Sidewalk Zoom-In: A Spatial–Temporal Negotiation and Self-Organization within a Sociable Space." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 7, 2019): 6241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226241.
Full textAbstract:
In Asia, sidewalks in big cities always raise controversial issues in society. Increasingly, sidewalks are rethought on their features and functions as the scholars gradually focus on the interrelationships between physical characteristics of streets and behavioral practice of users. In Vietnam, the sidewalk is often occupied by the encroachment of personalized street fronts and street vendors, so that the authorities can only resort to dividing the sidewalk width with no vital regard for pedestrians. Although there are periodic sidewalk clearance campaigns carried out by local authorities, they lack the desired efficiency since the sidewalks are repeatedly in a state of disorder. By direct observation, this paper examines the mixed-use type of sidewalk in the context of Vietnam to justify appropriacy. A segment of Nguyen Tri Phuong Street, a large and bustling street in Ho Chi Minh City, is investigated as an empirical evidence. As a result, this research suggests the existing sidewalks are not appropriate and desirable. As sidewalks have their own self-negotiation, an inclusive space approach to enhance sociable sidewalks should be considered by city planners and authorities.
2
Luo, Ji, Guoyuan Wu, Zhensong Wei, Kanok Boriboonsomsin, and Matthew Barth. "Developing an Aerial-Image-Based Approach for Creating Digital Sidewalk Inventories." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 8 (April 28, 2019): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119842820.
Full textAbstract:
To support active mobility, extensive work has been focused on planning, maintaining, and enhancing infrastructure, such as sidewalks. A significant amount of these efforts has to go on the setup and maintenance of sidewalk inventory on a certain geographic scale (e.g., citywide, statewide). To address the stated problem, this paper proposes the development of an aerial-image-based approach that can 1) extract the features of sidewalks based on digital vehicle road network; 2) overlay the initial sidewalk features with aerial imagery and extract aerial images around the sidewalk area; 3) apply a machine learning algorithm to classify sidewalk images into two major categories, that is, concrete surface present or sidewalks missing; and 4) construct a connected sidewalk network in a time-efficient and cost-effective manner. A deep convolutional neural network is applied to classify the extracted sidewalk images. The learning algorithm gives 97.22% total predication rate for the test set and 92.6% total predication rate in the blind test. The proposed method takes full advantage of available data sources and builds on top of the existing roadway network to digitize sidewalks.
3
Aultman-Hall, Lisa, and Michael F. Adams. "Sidewalk Bicycling Safety Issues." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1636, no. 1 (January 1998): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1636-11.
Full textAbstract:
Bicycle route and safety data sets for 2,963 commuter cyclists in Ottawa and Toronto, Canada, containing cyclist characteristics, collision and fall history, and regular commute route, are used for this analysis. Previous analyses found sidewalk collisions and fall and injury rates significantly higher on sidewalks than on roads or paths. Of the 52 events reported on sidewalks, none were reported to police and would, therefore, not be found in a police accident database. These events did result in injuries, and in two cases major injuries. This analysis has found that commuter cyclists in Ottawa use sidewalks primarily on major roads (not necessarily high-speed roads) and often to cross bridges or to take shortcuts where no road exists. Toronto commuter cyclists use sidewalks primarily on high-volume multilane roads. Some Toronto cyclists still use sidewalks when bicycle lanes are provided. A slightly higher proportion of women are sidewalk cyclists in Ottawa; however, no age relationship was found. Sidewalk cyclists reported proportionally more near misses with bicycles in the previous month. A relatively large number of sidewalk collisions are with other bicycles. The most significant result of the analysis is that sidewalk cyclists have higher event rates on roads than nonsidewalk cyclists.
4
Sydnor, T. Davis, David Gamstetter, Joan Nichols, Bert Bishop, Jammie Favorite, Cherelle Blazer, and Leslie Turpin. "Trees are not the Root of Sidewalk Problems." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2000.003.
Full textAbstract:
Locations of defective sidewalk blocks in Cincinnati, Ohio, were compared to various soil complexes in the city. Soils with a percentage of repair record greater than the percentage of soil coverage were identified. The Urban-Stonelick soil complex had a low frequency of repair history. The Switzerland-Urban soil complex had a moderate record, while the Rossmoyne-Urban soil complex and the Urban-Martinsville soil complex had high frequencies of repair when compared to the records of other soil series and complexes in the city. Soil surveys categorized the Switzerland-Urban soil complex with moderate limitations for road construction and the remaining soil complexes with severe limitations. The 4 soil series were selected, and associated sidewalks were randomly surveyed to determine sidewalk failure rates. Sidewalks did not fail at higher rates where trees were present. Sidewalks greater than 20 years old failed at a higher overall percentage rate. Sidewalks less than 20 years old on the Switzerland-Urban soil complex and the Urban-Martinsville soil complex appeared more stable and less prone to failure than the Rossmoyne-Urban and Urban-Stonelick soil complexes. Sidewalks less than 5 years old were not affected by trees in any soil. A variety of problems were identified as being involved in the failure of sidewalks. It appears that trees play a minor role in sidewalk service life. Extending service life of sidewalks will require the cooperation of urban foresters, landscape architects, and engineers.
5
Coppola, Nicholas A., and Wesley E. Marshall. "Sidewalk Static Obstructions and Their Impact on Clear Width." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2675, no. 6 (February 9, 2021): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198121991833.
Full textAbstract:
Data on sidewalks have long been deficient. But advances in remote sensing are beginning to increase data prevalence and accuracy. These sidewalk datasets rarely, if ever, account for static obstructions in the sidewalk such as signs, street furniture, or trees. This paper seeks to determine how much of a difference accounting for static obstructions will make when measuring the clear width of sidewalks. We extracted the minimum width of sidewalk surfaces—both with and without accounting for static obstructions—for the entirety of Cambridge, MA, using new GIS methods described in this paper. We then compared these results against Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards for clear width as well as national and federal sidewalk guidelines. The results suggest a significant decrease in the average clear width of sidewalks when accounting for static obstructions. More specifically, the clear width of the average sidewalk drops from 4.5 ft (1.4 m) to 3.5 ft (1.1 m). The percentage of sidewalk segments meeting the 3-ft ADA standard drops from 78% to 51% when accounting for static obstructions. For the proposed 4-ft (1.2-m) ADA standard, it plunges from 59% of sidewalk segments meeting the width threshold to 31%. These results demonstrate that not accounting for static obstructions could lead to a gross overestimation of seemingly adequate sidewalks and an unrealistic assessment of sidewalk infrastructure and pedestrian accessibility.
6
Bivina, Geetha Rajendran, and Manoranjan Parida. "MODELLING PERCEIVED PEDESTRIAN LEVEL OF SERVICE OF SIDEWALKS: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION APPROACH." Transport 34, no. 3 (May 10, 2019): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.9819.
Full textAbstract:
A disparity between developed and developing countries is not only in the terms of economy and geography, but also on the pedestrians’ perceptions and expectations about the level of service of sidewalks. Therefore, it is paramount to find the effect of various built environment measures, that impact perceived Pedestrian Level Of Service (PLOS) in the context of developing nations. This study investigates the most influential factors of the built environment that affect perceived PLOS of sidewalks in the Indian context. This is one of the first studies in India that utilize Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique to assess pedestrian satisfaction and thereby qualitative PLOS of sidewalks. A total of 502 personal interviews was conducted to extract the pedestrian perception about the quality of sidewalks of Thiruvananthapuram city, a typical Indian city. The results identified four latent exogenous constructs named “Safety”, “Security”, “Mobility and infrastructure” and “Comfort and convenience” that represent the main aspects of the PLOS of sidewalks among which factors of security has exhibited highest loading (λ = 0.60). The study identified that parameters like police patrolling, street lighting, cleaner sidewalks, sidewalk obstructions, sidewalk surface have an evident impact on the level of service of sidewalks. The results of the study provide a significant information for interpreting the aspects of the walking environment that mainly influences the PLOS. This information can help city planners to prepare new strategies, policy interventions that enhance the quality of sidewalks and thus making the city more walkable
7
Waite, Sabrina, Ian Nelson, and Jamie Spinney. "Walking After Dark: A Sidewalk Illumination Case Study in Cedar City, UT." American Journal of Undergraduate Research 20, no. 3 (December 31, 2023): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2023.092.
Full textAbstract:
Sidewalks are an important part of public space, but they are becoming increasingly dangerous, especially at night. Therefore, it is important that sidewalks are adequately illuminated to meet the safety, comfort, and accessibility needs (i.e., provide high levels of pedestrian reassurance) to sidewalk users. The objective of this case study was to quantitatively measure and subsequently explore the spatial and statistical distributions of light intensities along the sidewalks that surround Southern Utah University in Cedar City, Utah. A secondary objective was to develop a set of “adequate lighting” guidelines (i.e., 5 to 10 lux) to help identify areas that could benefit from sidewalks lighting enhancements. A digital light meter was used to measure horizontal light intensity, in lux, at a systematic sample of 208 points along the sidewalks within the study area. Geographic coordinates were also collected for each sample observation to enable mapping and spatial analysis of the light intensity data. Results indicate 61% of the observations have lux values equal to zero (complete darkness), 13.4% met or exceeded the minimum guidelines, while 4.3% fell within the “adequate lighting” guidelines adopted by this case study. These results suggest that sidewalks are too dark in too many places to provide reassurance to sidewalk users in the study area. The mapping and spatial analysis results from this case study also provide information to support targeted visibility enhancements of sidewalks within the study area. KEY WORDS: Lighting; Optimum Illuminance; Luminometer; Sidewalks; Pedestrians; Safety; Security; Reassurance
8
Rajani, B., and C. Zhan. "Indirect estimates of flexural strain in concrete sidewalks induced by vertical movement." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-072.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines different numerical methods to estimate flexural strain from surface elevation measurements on concrete sidewalks. Surface elevations, along a typical concrete sidewalk cross section, were monitored on a monthly basis as part of a study to determine the cracking mechanism of concrete sidewalks. These measurements were carried out in Calgary, Edmonton, and Camrose, Alberta, between 1993 and mid-1995. Finite difference, cubic spline, polynomial fit, and Fourier series methods of analyses are described for an indirect estimation of flexural strains in sidewalks. The sensitivity of these methods to measurement error is discussed. The Fourier series method is found to be the best procedure to analyse sidewalk surface elevation data for flexural strains estimates. The numerical methods to indirectly determine strain are best suited for those circumstances where installation of strain gauges is difficult, expensive, or impossible.Key words: concrete sidewalks, indirect estimates of flexural strain.
9
Pollack, Michael. "Sidewalk Government." Michigan Law Review, no. 122.4 (2024): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.122.4.sidewalk.
Full textAbstract:
This Article is about one of the most used, least studied spaces in the country: the sidewalk. It is easy to think of sidewalks simply as spaces for pedestrians, and that is exactly how most scholars, policymakers, and laws treat them. But this view is fundamentally mistaken. In big cities and small towns, sidewalks are also where we gather, demonstrate, dine, exercise, rest, and shop. They are host to commerce and infrastructure. They are spaces of public access and sources of private obligation. And in all of these things, sidewalks are sites of underappreciated conflict. The centrality of sidewalks in our day-to-day lives is rooted in the fact that they are open to everyone and to all of these varied uses, every hour of every day, but it is that very vibrancy that risks being their undoing. As competing claims on sidewalks increase in both number and intensity due to cultural shifts, technological advances, climate change, and more, the sidewalks we take for granted may crumble—both literally and figuratively—under the weight of contradictory and self-defeating governing principles and uncoordinated governmental oversight. This Article is the first to systematically examine the incoherence of the property law of sidewalks and of the fragmented regulatory architecture that municipalities have built to manage them. Drawing on insights from both property and local government law, as well as first-person interviews with current and former municipal officials, it demonstrates how both legal regimes have in fact deepened sidewalk conflict and have confused and undermined accountability for the quality and accessibility of sidewalks. With these shortcomings in mind, this Article charts a new course and constructs from the ground up a new municipal agency to administer the sidewalks—one that would be better positioned to protect and foster the utility and vitality of these critical social, economic, and political spaces.
10
D'Amato, Nicholas, T. Davis Sydnor, Michael Knee, Robin Hunt, and Bert Bishop. "Which Comes First, The Root or The Crack?" Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 28, no. 6 (November 1, 2002): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2002.041.
Full textAbstract:
The Ohio State University and the City of Cincinnati Park Board conducted a study of street trees in Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S., during the summers of 1999 and 2000. Four genera of trees were examined from four different plant families. Approximately 600 trees planted within the past 20 years were observed. The condition of the nearest sidewalk joint and the incidence of a root for Quercus (oak), Koelreuteria (goldenraintree), Zelkova (zelkova), and Gleditsia (honeylocust) were observed. All genera responded similarly in that roots were more likely to be found under a crack in the sidewalk than under an intact sidewalk. During the first 20 years after planting, tree roots are more likely to be found underneath a sidewalk crack than an intact sidewalk. Of 351 joints observed with no roots, 39% were intact and 61% were cracked. Of the 260 joints where roots were observed, only 16.2% were intact while 83.9% were cracked. Oxygen measurements were made underneath selected sidewalks. Oxygen concentrations were compared for soil underneath cracked and intact sidewalk blocks. The soil underneath cracked sidewalks showed a higher concentration of oxygen. This higher oxygen concentration may contribute to root growth underneath cracked sidewalks.
11
Knell, Gregory, Casey P. Durand, Kerem Shuval, Harold W. Kohl, Deborah Salvo, Abiodun Olyuomi, and Kelley Pettee Gabriel. "If You Build It, Will They Come? A Quasi-experiment of Sidewalk Improvements and Physical Activity." Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine 3, no. 9 (May 1, 2018): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/tjx.0000000000000060.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Improving sidewalks could lead to more physical activity through improved access, while providing a safe and defined space to walk. However, findings on the association between sidewalks and physical activity are inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in self-reported and accelerometer-derived physical activity associated with living near recently improved sidewalks in a diverse, community-based sample from the Houston Travel Related Activity in Neighborhoods Study. Data are from 430 adults and include baseline and first annual follow-up (2014–2017). Fully adjusted, two-step regression models were built to test the hypothesis that living near (within 250 m) an improved sidewalk was associated with greater levels of physical activity compared with not living near an improved sidewalk. Most participants were female, were non-Hispanic black, had low income, and had low education, and nearly half lived near at least one improved sidewalk. After adjustment, among participants reporting some physical activity, living near two sidewalk improvements was associated with 1.6 times more minutes per week of walking and leisure-time physical activity compared with those not living near a sidewalk improvement (P < 0.05). On the basis of accelerometry, which does not specifically quantify domain-specific physical activity, there were no significant associations. In conclusion, although these mixed findings warrant further research, results suggest that improving sidewalks may have an effect on participants' physical activity. Nonspecific definitions of sidewalk improvements could be contributing to type 1 error. Future work should also examine behavioral interventions alongside changes to the built environment to determine the effects on physical activity.
12
Hiris, Eric, Laura Zinnel, Henry Rickman, and Joshua Phillips. "The Misperception of Orientation in Depth When Processing Multiple Pictures With Linear Perspective Cues." Perception 50, no. 5 (May 2021): 438–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03010066211007309.
Full textAbstract:
The leaning tower illusion suggests that combining perspective cues across multiple images can affect the perceived orientation of objects in space. We measured the accuracy of orientation perception when viewing multiple pictures. Across several experiments, 11–16 participants viewed two pictures: a sidewalk and either another sidewalk, a nature scene, or no picture. Participants adjusted an on-screen line to match the remembered orientation of one of the sidewalks. Participants also made a judgment about the parallelism of the sidewalks. Sidewalks perceived as parallel were perceived to have orientations more similar to each other than when they were paired with a nature scene or no picture. The degree of misperception can be approximately twice as large as in the leaning tower illusion, and this effect survived inversion and partially survived alternating presentation of the images. The misperception was eliminated when the participants were cued on which sidewalk they would be judging; however, when forced to process both sidewalks, the misperception reappeared. We conclude that the orientation of objects with perspective cues is misperceived when viewing multiple pictures with perspective cues and this misperception appears to be related at least in part to how parallel those objects are perceived to be.
13
Smiley, E. Thomas. "Comparison of Methods to Reduce Sidewalk Damage from Tree Roots." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2008.024.
Full textAbstract:
Tree roots growing under sidewalks are known to crack or lift pavement often creating a tripping hazard for pedestrians. This experiment was conducted to determine the long-term effects of below- and alongside-pavement treatments on tree root development and sidewalk damage. London, U.K. plane trees (Platanus × acerifolia) were planted next to sidewalks at the Bartlett Tree Research Laboratory in Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S., in 1996. Treatments installed at the time of planting were: DeepRoot Universal Tree Root Barrier (UB18-2), vertical polyethylene sheet, gravel, Foamular® 150 extruded polystyrene, and a structural soil. The sidewalks and soil beneath them were removed in 2006. Minimal sidewalk lifting or cracking was associated with the DeepRoot barrier, gravel, and foam treatments. Vertical root barriers and foam resulted in fewer and deeper roots under the pavement. Treatments had no impact on tree diameter growth.
14
Yesinta, Yesinta, and Irwansyah Irwansyah. "Hak Pejalan Kaki yang Diambil Pengendara Sepeda Motor di Trotoar." Dakwatussifa: Journal of Da'wah and Communication 2, no. 2 (March 7, 2023): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.56146/dakwatussifa.v2i2.96.
Full textAbstract:
Pedestrian is a term of transportation used to describe someone who walks on pedestrian paths, such as on sidewalks, on the side of the road or on special paths for pedestrians. One of the lanes that are often used by pedestrians is the sidewalk, where the sidewalk is a lane for pedestrians that is located in the area of road use, is given a surface layer, is given a height higher than the surface of the sidewalk, and parallel to it is a lane for vehicles to provide pedestrian services. feet to increase safety, smoothness, and also comfort on the road. Most of the sidewalks have changed functions that are not in line with their main function as roads for pedestrians. One that we often see is street vendors or what is often called foot vendors selling on the sidewalks and motorbike riders sunning the sidewalks, thus endangering pedestrians and causing accidents. In this study aims to understand whether the sidewalk that should be used by pedestrians functions according to its actual function. In this study using interview methods and questionnaires. In this study the method used was the interview method or also called the interview where the interview is an event or process of interaction between the interviewer and also the person being asked where the results of the answers become a source of information. Questionnaire is one method of data collection that is used by asking a series of questions addressed to respondents to be answered. The research location is Jln William Iskandar, the sidewalk is right in front of the State Islamic University of North Sumatra. The results of a road pavement survey conducted by the State Islamic University of North Sumatra revealed that there were many violations of the function of road pavements committed by motorcyclists.
Keywords: Motorcyclist, Pedestrian, Sidewalk
15
de Moraes Vestena, Kauê, Silvana Philippi Camboim, and Daniel Rodrigues dos Santos. "OSM Sidewalkreator: A QGIS plugin for an automated drawing of sidewalk networks for OpenStreetMap." European Journal of Geography 14, no. 4 (December 12, 2023): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.48088/ejg.k.ves.14.4.066.084.
Full textAbstract:
Sidewalks are a relevant part of the living space in urban environments but are still rarely mapped. In recent years, the mapping of sidewalks has grown in importance among the OSM and academic communities as a matter of concern for many UN SDGs. To cover this gap, we propose a GitHub-hosted, fully open-source QGIS Plugin entitled "OSM SidewalKreator" to automatically draw the geometries of sidewalks for OSM crossings and curb crossing interfaces. The plugin workflow encompasses the steps of input area selection; data fetching, data cleaning, sidewalk geometries generation; crossings and kerbs generation; optional sidewalk splitting; and data exporting. Furthermore, the tool gives the user the capacity to have control over the process. Our tests revealed that the proposed method embodied by the plugin surpasses the manual process in many contexts, highlighting completeness, topological and thematic accuracies. We conclude that deepening, improving, and increasing the amount of open sidewalk mapping, mainly in the widely available OSM, can be a valuable asset to improve the development of accessibility and mobility worldwide.
16
Châm, Nguyễn Thị Phương. "Hà Nội Sidewalks." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 17, no. 4 (2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2022.17.4.1.
Full textAbstract:
Hà Nội sidewalks are one of the public spaces that various social groups appropriate and utilize for their own social, political, and economic purposes. Concentrating on the insiders’ point of view, this study offers a close look at how people’s practices create a unique sidewalk culture that affirms the importance of sidewalks in creating a more dynamic city. The article focuses on discussing the pavement as a particular cultural space, a space maintained by the arrangements and negotiations of cultural agency. The pavement is not messy, sleazy, or out-of-date but orderly, flexible, humane, and rich in identity.
17
Simanjuntak, Nurvita Insani Magdalena, Johan Oberlyn Simanjuntak, Tiurma Elita Saragi, and Titusman Berkat Laoli. "PERSEPSI PEJALAN KAKI TERHADAP TROTOAR DI LAPANGAN MERDEKA KOTA MEDAN." Jurnal Visi Eksakta 2, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51622/eksakta.v2i2.336.
Full textAbstract:
Merdeka Square is one of the icons of Medan City which is continously visited by communities of Medan City or immigrant communities because Medan City is the capital of North Sumatera Province with a high complexity of activities in it. Improvements to the road transportation system facilities, especially sidewalk facilites, are important because the purpose of implementing sidewalks is as a special pedestrian lane with security and safety guarantees against traffic accidents.
This study aims to look at people’s perceptions as the main users of sidewalk facilities so that they can encourage people to carry out walking activities as a basic moda of transportation.
This research was conducted with a quantitative approach with accidental sampling method, namely primary data is the result of direct interviews in the field to the public using sidewalk facilities at Merdeka Square, Medan City.
Based on the result of the analysis conducted on the results of the interview, it was found that the community as users of the sidewalks were not satisfied with the existing sidewalks facilities. So this study aims to provide input in order to improve sidewalk facilities that provide comfort and safety values for pedestrians in order to encourage and increase the number of pedestrians, especially at Merdeka Square, Medan City.
18
Vallejo-Borda, Jose Agustin, Hernan Alberto Ortiz-Ramirez, Alvaro Rodriguez-Valencia, Ricardo Hurtubia, and J. de D. Ortúzar. "Forecasting the Quality of Service of Bogota’s Sidewalks from Pedestrian Perceptions: An Ordered Probit MIMIC Approach." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 1 (January 2020): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119896782.
Full textAbstract:
A variety of different pedestrian performance or service indicators (PPSI), such as the pedestrian level of service (PLOS), or quality of service (QoS), have been developed to evaluate pedestrian infrastructure. Although modeling approaches vary (e.g., ordinal least squares, scoring system), the great majority use on-site measurable attributes, such as sidewalk width or adjacent traffic, to estimate the PPSI. However, most of these models have been developed without jointly considering objective and subjective variables and their interactions. This study had two objectives: (i) to develop a model that simultaneously uses objective and subjective variables to estimate the pedestrian perception of sidewalks’ QoS in Bogota, Colombia, and (ii) to identify the interactions between objective variables and pedestrian perceptions of sidewalk attributes. To do so, data was gathered from 1056 users of 30 sidewalks in the city and an Ordered Probit Multiple Indicator and Multiple Cause model was estimated and validated using match score, error distribution, and chi squared test. Using the model, it was possible to correctly forecast the perceived QoS in 26 of the 30 sidewalks, considering the interaction between users’ characteristics and on-site sidewalk measured attributes with four latent variables ( sidewalk characteristics, surrounding, discomfort, and externalities) based on pedestrian perceptions. We also proposed guidelines that provide decision makers with the tools to identify which sidewalk attributes actually influence pedestrian perception of QoS.
19
Widyaningsih, Nunung, and Aisha Adawiya. "Analysis Level of Comfort, Safety and Safety Level on Pathways in The Kebayoran Baru Area, South Jakarta." ASTONJADRO 12, no. 2 (April 22, 2023): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/astonjadro.v12i2.8379.
Full textAbstract:
As the population increases, resulting in high human mobility. However, high mobility is not matched by services for transportation facilities and infrastructure, especially sidewalks. One of the areas with existing sidewalk problems is the Kebayoran Baru area of South Jakarta. The problem that occurs is that the sidewalk is used as a place to street vendors, and is used as an illegal parking lot. The methodology of this research was carried out by conducting a geometric survey, measuring the volume and travel time of pedestrians to determine the level of service and distributing questionnaires as 80 respondents to pedestrians in search of the level of performance and importance of sidewalk facilities. This data processing uses Microsoft Excel and Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). The results of the analysis carried out that the sidewalks do not meet the minimum standards according to regulations. From the measurement of the results of the volume and travel time of pedestrians, the level of service with category A is obtained, as well as the results of the questionnaire related to the level of comfort, security, and safety of pedestrians influenced by the presence of street vendors and illegal parking on sidewalks.
20
Vendruscolo, Elisiane, Magda Lea Bolzan Zanon, and Rogério Bobrowski. "COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN FOREST SPECIES, SOIL AREA, AND ACCESSIBILITY ON SIDEWALKS." FLORESTA 53, no. 2 (March 31, 2023): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v53i2.84028.
Full textAbstract:
The compatibility between the built environment and trees is also a challenge for urban planning. However, there are few guidelines related to the space for tree growth on sidewalks. This research aimed to analyze the space occupied by trees on sidewalks in the city of Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brazil. We used data from 400 trees of 10 species (dendrometric and qualitative variables) and from the urban structure (width of sidewalks and tree bed area) to analyze the relationship between the species according to the soil capacity and pedestrian’s accessibility. It was found that 90.25% of the trees are in places where the sidewalks promote accessibility to pedestrians and that 60.25% of them tree bed areas with adequate capacity, being possible to increase their size to improve the development of the trees in 39.75% of the cases. Regarding the amount of soil required for each tree, it was found that most species (72.25%) would not have an adequate amount of soil, (Situation 1 – sidewalk width x 4). For Situation 2 (tree bed width x 1), 100% of the individuals would not have an adequate amount of soil. We concluded that the method to evaluate the compatibility between soil area and sidewalk accessibility is easy to replicate and helpful for studies on urban trees and urban planning.
21
Reed, Julian A., Dawn K. Wilson, Barbara E. Ainsworth, Heather Bowles, and Gary Mixon. "Perceptions of Neighborhood Sidewalks on Walking and Physical Activity Patterns in a Southeastern Community in the US." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 3, no. 2 (April 2006): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.3.2.243.
Full textAbstract:
Background:The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between perceptions of neighborhood sidewalks and race, and walking and physical activity (PA) patterns in a southeastern US community.Methods:A telephone survey was administered to a stratified sample of adults (N = 1148). Physical activity was categorized according to the CDC/ACSM recommendations. Respondents were also asked if they walked for at least 10 min at a time for recreation, exercise, transportation, or while at work.Results:A greater proportion (44%) of respondents who reported having neighborhood sidewalks were irregular walkers (OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.13, 3.11). For whites, (but not for non-whites) the perceived presence of sidewalks increased the odds for meeting recommended PA levels (P < 0.05; OR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.05, 12.24).Conclusions:Presence of neighborhood sidewalks was related to irregular walking levels of respondents. Sidewalk presence was related to PA in whites, but was not related to activity patterns of non-whites.
22
Sherouse, Perry Maxfield Waldman. "Where the Sidewalk Ends: Automobility and Shame in Tbilisi, Georgia." Cultural Anthropology 33, no. 3 (August 21, 2018): 444–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca33.3.07.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, cars have steadily colonized the sidewalks in downtown Tbilisi. By driving and parking on sidewalks, vehicles have reshaped public space and placed pedestrian life at risk. A variety of social actors coordinate sidewalk affairs in the city, including the local government, a private company called CT Park, and a fleet of self-appointed st’aianshik’ebi (parking attendants) who direct drivers into parking spots for spare change. Pedestrian activists have challenged the automotive conquest of footpaths in innovative ways, including art installations, social media protests, and the fashioning of ad hoc physical barriers. By safeguarding sidewalks against cars, activists assert ideals for public space that are predicated on sharp boundaries between sidewalk and street, pedestrian and machine, citizen and commodity. Politicians and activists alike connect the sharpness of such boundaries to an imagined Europe. Georgia’s parking culture thus reflects not only local configurations of power among the many interests clamoring for the space of the sidewalk, but also global hierarchies of value that form meaningful distinctions and aspirational horizons in debates over urban public space. Against the dismal frictions of an expanding car system, social actors mobilize the idioms of freedom and shame to reinterpret and repartition the public/private distinction.
23
Maco, Scott, and E. Gregory McPherson. "Assessing Canopy Cover Over Streets and Sideswalks in Street Tree Populations." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 28, no. 6 (November 1, 2002): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2002.040.
Full textAbstract:
Total canopy cover and canopy cover over street and sidewalk surfaces were estimated for street trees in Davis, California, U.S. Calculations were made using simple trigonometric equations based on the results of a sample inventory. Canopy cover from public trees over streets and sidewalks varied between 4% and 46% by city zone, averaging 14% citywide. Consideration of land use, planting locations, and age distribution suggests that 25% coverage of streets and sidewalks is an attainable goal for typical city zones.
24
Shafabakhsh, Gholamali, Raheb Mirzanamadi, and Mehdi Mohammadi. "Micro Simulation of the Elderly Population's Effect on Iran's Pedestrian's Walking Flow." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 25, no. 4 (July 19, 2013): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v25i4.330.
Full textAbstract:
Since 1996 to 2006, Iran‟s population structure experienced considerable changes. During the mentioned period, the share of the population under 15 decreased from 39.6% to 28%. Considering this decrease, Iran‟s population was quickly guided to oldness which will have irreversible social and economical repercussions on the country‟s future progress. The main objective of this study is to estimate the effects of the elderly on the moving stream of the other pedestrians in Iran‟s sidewalks, which is done for the first time in Iran using the Micro-Simulation method. The Micro-Simulation model of pedestrians is a computerized simulation procedure in which the moving behavior of each pedestrian such as speed, path, and the direction is considered separately. According to the obtained results from this study, an increase in the percentage of the elderly population can lower the sidewalk's level of service. Also, the decrease of the average motion speed and the free walking space for wider paths is not necessarily less than that of narrow paths; in a way that by increasing the width of a sidewalk, pedestrians‟ total average speed and the average walking space decrease up to a specific width and then, start to increase. This decrease in wider sidewalks is more than that in more narrow ones.
25
Putri. "ANALISIS TINGKAT KENYAMANAN, KESELAMATAN, DAN KEAMANAN PEJALAN KAKI TERHADAP PEMANFAATAN TROTOAR." Jurnal Qua Teknika 9, no. 2 (November 6, 2019): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/quateknika.v9i2.823.
Full textAbstract:
Article entitled "Analysis of Levels of Assessment, Safety and Security of Pedestrians Against Utilization of Sidewalks on Ahmad Yani Street, Blitar City". Sidewalks are a means of transportation for pedestrians to indulge. However, in Blitar City such as Jl. Ahmad Yani is still improving the two terms in terms of physical as well as in terms of utilization. There are still many groups that approve the sidewalk, there is also damage to the sidewalk that makes pedestrians feel uncomfortable for activities. Method of collecting data. Questionnaires and documentation are needed. Analysis of the data used is quantitative data. Data processing using SPSS version 20. The results obtained, the level of comfort (43.95%), safety (52.3%), and security (51.4%) can be categorized quite well.
26
Gilman, Edward. "Deflecting Roots Near Sidewalks." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2006.003.
Full textAbstract:
Concrete sidewalks 10 cm (4 in) thick measuring 1.2 m (4.5 ft) wide by 5 m (16.5 ft) long were installed in spring 1996 with and without barriers designed to deflect roots. Forty-eight Platanus occidentalis from #15 containers were planted 0.75 m (30 in) from sidewalks and irrigated regularly to encourage rapid growth. Identical studies were installed on one well-drained and one poorly drained site located about 18 km (11.2 miles) apart. Barriers included 30 cm (12 in) deep DeepRoot, Biobarrier®, polyethylene (6 mil), a clean gravel layer (15 cm [6 in] deep; 2 to 3 cm [0.8 to 1.2 in] diameter) under the walk, and a control without a barrier. Roots were excavated 8 years after planting. No roots grew in the gravel in the well-drained site, resulting in a significantly deeper root system (19 cm [7.6 in]) under the walks than all other treatments (11 cm [4.4 in]). Vertical root barriers did not increase root depth compared to the control on the well-drained soil. Gravel under the walk and Biobarrier were most effective on poorly drained soil. DeepRoot was the least effective vertical barrier on the poorly drained site; Biobarrier was the most effective. Treatments had no effect on diameter of roots growing under the sidewalks. Roots deflected by the vertical barriers were forced deeper into the soil, but many returned to the surface by the time they reached the opposite side of the walk. Gravel under the sidewalk appears to hold promise for reducing sidewalk damage, especially on well-drained sites.
27
Treccani, D., L. Díaz-Vilariño, and A. Adami. "SIDEWALK DETECTION AND PAVEMENT CHARACTERISATION IN HISTORIC URBAN ENVIRONMENTS FROM POINT CLOUDS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2021 (June 30, 2021): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2021-243-2021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The definition of physical accessibility in urban environments is a topic of recognized importance by policy makers and by international organizations. A first step to address the accessibility topic is the definition and characterisation of urban elements, like sidewalks, roads, and ramps. Sidewalk inventory plays a crucial role in this phase. In literature there are several ways to extract sidewalks from a point cloud, but they are all tailored on modern and standardized situations. For example the presence of a curb is assumed as the normality and the roads are supposed to have the same width along the path. When dealing with an Urban Heritage, some difficulties arise. In fact, in an historic urban environment ground irregularities should be taken in consideration: the paving is composed by different materials, curbs are not always present, and a Z difference between road and sidewalks is not so sure. In such cases existing methodologies cannot be applied. This paper present a method to semantically segment a point cloud, labelling sidewalks and roads. Sidewalks are also characterized by detecting their pavings. The method is tested on an Urban Heritage: the Unesco site of Sabbioneta, in northern Italy. The results are promising, sidewalks are detected with a precision of 80%, main errors are in corner areas. Paving characterisation is based on thresholds derived from some samples, and the method shows an high precision (more than 90%) in all the pavings considered.
28
Johnson, Daniel A. "Forensic Human Factors Results in Increased Pedestrian Safety." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 53, no. 9 (October 2009): 554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120905300903.
Full textAbstract:
Falls, a major cause of serious injuries, often result from uneven sidewalks caused by tree roots. The jurisdiction (city or county) may say the fall was the outcome of the victim's “inattention” and do nothing to eliminate the hazard. But accurate measurements of an irregular rise of sidewalk demonstrated to the city that a recognized hazard did exist and its defective maintenance contributed to the fall. The outcome was a financial award to the victim. Remedial actions were taken to reduce the chance of future falls on this and other city sidewalks.
29
Limano, Ferric. "Synthesizing Jakarta City’s Local Wisdom: Reimagining Sidewalks with an Emotional Design and Sustainability Approach." Humaniora 15, no. 1 (June 24, 2024): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v15i1.11583.
Full textAbstract:
The research objective was to design sidewalks as walking facilities and public spaces, considering comfort, safety, cleanliness, and functionality for Jakarta’s residents. The city of Jakarta, as a megapolitan center, hosted various societal activities. The high mobility of Jakarta’s population led to busy sidewalk activities, especially walking, regulated by the Director General of Highways’ guidelines. Walking could help reduce pollution, with Jakarta having the worst pollution in 2023. The research problem, based on 360-degree Google Maps images of sidewalks, was that sidewalks serve not only as footpaths but also as public gathering spaces. The qualitative research method examined digital data on sidewalk use in Jakarta (west, central, south, east, and north). The design process incorporated emotional design (visceral, behavioral, reflective) and three dimensions of sustainability (The Overlapping Spheres Model of Triple Bottom Line/TBL). The result is a 3D sidewalk model using emotional and sustainability design approaches. Synthesis of emotional design interprets visceral (sensory), behavioral (habits), and reflective (values) levels. Synthesis of sustainability includes environmental, social, and economic dimensions, focusing on air quality, water management, and energy efficiency. Social and economic aspects aim to meet Jakarta residents’ basic needs. Ultimately, these recommendations aim to make cities and neighborhoods inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. However, the research is limited to design recommendations without direct implementation. Further research or implementation is needed to address these challenges and ensure Jakarta residents’ future well-being.
30
Hewawasam, Chamali, and Gayani Ranasinghe. "Extracting Enviable Features of Sidewalk Space through the Rough Sets Approach." Bhumi, The Planning Research Journal 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/bhumi.v2i1.117.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to establish a relationship between people's perception and physical elements of sidewalks using the rough sets approach. In previous studies, the techniques used have been the conventional statistical methods and only a handful of studies used mo'dem artificial intelligence methods in analyzing the relationship between the physical elements and people's perception. In this study ten built enviromnent related students and ten non built enviromnent related students took part in an image preference survey of twenty sidewalk enviromnents. Their expressions were then analyzed using four-step rough sets analytical procedure. Finally the decisions arrived, that are the outputs of rough sets approach, were used to extract the enviable features of sidewalk enviromnents. We anticipate that these results will be useful for planners, urban designers and other professionals to make effective decisions in designing sidewalks.
31
Capron, Guénola, Jérôme Monnet, and Ruth Pérez López. "The sidewalk: between traffic and other uses, the challenges of a hybrid urban order." Revista culturales 11, Vol. 11. 2023 (November 17, 2023): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22234/recu.20231101.e763.
Full textAbstract:
Through a case study of the sidewalk in the Mexico City metropolitan area, we use the notion of hybrid order to understand the variable place that mobility and public space occupy in the ongoing logics of the material, social and cultural production of different sidewalks. This proposal contributes to a critique of European-centric conceptions of public spaces and underlying dichotomies. The production and governance of sidewalks are inscribed within a culture of informality common in Latin American, but the concept of hybrid order can be extended to other objects and other contexts. We conclude that the interest in walking and the sidewalk can lead to a disruption of the conventional hierarchy that places at the bottom end of governance the management of uses, by integrating it upstream in the decision-making, planning and design processes.
32
Son, Jinkwan, and Taegeun Kwon. "Evaluation and Improvement Measures of the Runoff Coefficient of Urban Parks for Sustainable Water Balance." Land 11, no. 7 (July 18, 2022): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11071098.
Full textAbstract:
As the impermeable sidewalk area increases in urban areas, diverse problems related to water occur. The purposes of this research were to increase the rainwater infiltration rate through water balance analysis and estimate the runoff coefficient according to land cover types in urban parks. The regression equations and runoff coefficients relative to the rainwater infiltration rate were estimated according to the land cover types and applied to eight urban parks. In the results of the experiment, the runoff coefficient was 0.245 for vegetation areas, 0.583 for permeable sidewalks, 0.963 for sidewalk blocks, and 1.000 for impervious sidewalks, which had 100% outflow. The results show that the vegetation area in urban parks is significantly related to rainfall–runoff, infiltration, and evapotranspiration. The average of eight urban parks was 126.52 mm, indicating that 11.80% of the rainfall was recharged into groundwater. Additionally, the average runoff rate was 498.56 mm, indicating that 46.52% was leaked externally. Therefore, it is suggested to decrease the impermeable sidewalk areas in urban parks. Additionally, extending the waterway, swamp, and gravel sidewalk areas is suggested. Urban parks should be developed in order to contribute to hydrological control through the water balance in urban land use.
33
Yani, Dewi Fitri, and Hana Farida. "Penyalahgunaan Fungsi Trotoar oleh Pedagang Kaki Lima di Pasar Bojong Kecamatan Kedungwaringin Kabupaten Bekasi Dihubungkan dengan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Bekasi Nomor 4 Tahun 2012 Tentang Ketertiban Umum." Wajah Hukum 5, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v5i1.418.
Full textAbstract:
Sidewalks are pedestrian paths that are generally parallel to and / or higher than the surface of the pavement to ensure pedestrian safety. However, the increasing number of street vendors competing to get land for trading causes street vendors to use sidewalks to enter their trading areas. This of course is not in accordance with the use and function of the sidewalk. So that the authors are interested in studying the causes of the rise of street vendors who misuse the function of the sidewalk. The research method used in this paper is to use normative juridical, where data collection techniques are researched through literature studies, law books, and other literature. the sidewalk bridge in Bojong Village which causes traffic jams for motorcyclists and pedestrians who pass by every morning. This of course can create a severe traffic jam and increasingly slum because at this location in addition to the market and the large number of street vendors, the large number of public transportation stops to attract passengers and heavy vehicles that also pass through this area.
34
Li, Hanyan, Jack Cebe, Sara Khoeini, Yanzhi “Ann” Xu, Chelsea Dyess, and Randall Guensler. "A Semi-Automated Method to Generate GIS-Based Sidewalk Networks for Asset Management and Pedestrian Accessibility Assessment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 44 (April 6, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118757981.
Full textAbstract:
Pedestrian infrastructure that is comfortable, connected to destinations of interest, and accessible to those with disabilities is vital to a safe, accessible, equitable, and sustainable transportation system. Planners recognize the benefits of providing well-maintained sidewalks and curb ramps, but often lack the asset management systems necessary to inventory sidewalk maintenance problems, prioritize sidewalk maintenance needs, and track the implementation of sidewalk improvement projects. Communities that are managing sidewalk presence and condition data typically link the data to their roadway network, which makes tracking specific sidewalk assets difficult. This paper introduces an affordable, semi-automated, and easy-to-implement process to generate a GIS-based sidewalk network with associated links and nodes representing crosswalks and intersections. Quantitative sidewalk condition data can be loaded onto the network, which allows it to be used to manage sidewalks as transportation assets, assessing pedestrian accessibility, prioritizing repairs or improvements, and to automatically identify accessible routes between origins and destinations. System inputs include parcel-level land-use and roadway centerline data, both of which are publicly available and free in most cases. The network is generated within the ArcGIS environment, using Python scripts to implement embedded ArcGIS functions. The method requires few computational resources, and tremendously reduces the manual labor required to develop a fully interconnected sidewalk network. Examples from multiple communities are presented to show how quantitative sidewalk condition data are loaded onto the network, and illustrate the network’s potential for pedestrian navigation and routing applications.
35
Treccani, D., L. Díaz-Vilariño, and A. Adami. "ACCESSIBLE PATH FINDING FOR HISTORIC URBAN ENVIRONMENTS: FEATURE EXTRACTION AND VECTORIZATION FROM POINT CLOUDS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-2/W1-2022 (February 25, 2022): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-2-w1-2022-497-2022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Sidewalk inventory is a topic whose importance is increasing together with the widespread use of smart city management. In order to manage the city properly and to make informed decisions, it is necessary to know the real conditions of the city. Furthermore, when planning and calculating cultural routes within the city, these routes must take into account the specific needs of all users. Therefore, it is important to know the conditions of the city’s sidewalk network and also their physical and geometrical characteristics. Typically, sidewalk network are generated basing on existing cartographic data, and sidewalk attributes are gathered through crowdsourcing. In this paper, the sidewalk network of an historic city was produced starting from point cloud data. The point cloud was semantically segmented in ”roads” and ”sidewalks”, and then the cluster of points of sidewalks surfaces were used to compute sidewalk attributes and to generate a vector layer composed of nodes and edges. The vector layer was then used to compute accessible paths between Points of Interest, using QGIS. The tests made on a real case study, the historic city and UNESCO site of Sabbioneta (Italy), shows a vectorization accuracy of 98.7%. In future, the vector layers and the computed paths could be used to generate maps for city planners, and to develop web or mobile phones routing apps.
36
Karimi, Hassan A., Ming Jiang, and Rui Zhu. "Pedestrian Navigation Services: Challenges and Current Trends." GEOMATICA 67, no. 4 (December 2013): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2013-052.
Full textAbstract:
With the success and popularity of vehicle navigation services, the demand for Pedestrian Navigation Services (PNS) has increased in recent years. PNS, while overlap in functionality with vehicle navigation services, must be designed specifically for the wayfinding and navigational needs and preferences of pedestrians. One major shortcoming of most existing PNS in outdoors is that they utilize and provide services based on road networks, resulting in PNS that do not effectively and properly track pedestrians as they usually walk on sidewalks, which have more segments and are narrower than roads. Challenges in building PNS include constructing appropriate sidewalk networks, continually tracking users in real time on sidewalks without interruption, and providing personalized routes as well as directions. In this paper, these challenges are highlighted and current trends in PNS, for both outdoors and indoors, are discussed and analyzed. A prototype PNS designed for the University of Pittsburg’s main campus sidewalk network (PNS-Pitt) is also discussed.
37
SALIM, Frensten, and Leksmono Suryo PUTRANTO. "PEDESTRIAN REACTIONS WHEN PASSING BY IN THE SIDEWALKS." International Journal of Application on Sciences, Technology and Engineering 1, no. 3 (August 31, 2023): 1253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/ijaste.v1.i3.1253-1259.
Full textAbstract:
Walking is a daily activity made by a human being. It is a part of transportation system which facilitates people movement from one place to another, especially when the trip is impossible to be conducted by vehicles. Therefore, sidewalks should be integrated with overall transportation system, including with parking lots and public transport stops. The aim of this research is to understand pedestrian reactions when passing by in the sidewalks. Data collection was conducted using online questionnaires. Analysis was done by both one sample t-test and independent samples t-test. The main result was that the current standard of sidewalk width, needs to be widen from 1.5 m to 2 m in urban setting.
38
Takebayashi, Hideki, Hiroyuki Mori, and Ushio Tozawa. "Study on An Effective Roadway Watering Scheme for Mitigating Pedestrian Thermal Comfort According to the Street Configuration." Atmosphere 14, no. 6 (June 12, 2023): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14061014.
Full textAbstract:
Continuous measurement of road surface temperature using an infrared camera throughout the summer season was conducted to clarify the duration of surface temperature decrease due to roadway watering according to weather conditions and watering time. Watering during sunny daytime conditions resulted in a maximum reduction in surface temperature of about 10 °C and an average reduction of about 6 °C. The duration of the surface temperature decrease was short (less than 30 min) for sunny days and long (more than 30 min) for cloudy days. On sunny days, if the evaporation rate was faster and the surface temperature decrease was larger, then the duration of the evaporation was shorter. Effective roadway watering plans were investigated according to the street configurations by simulating the thermal environment considering the solar radiation shielding condition of pedestrians on sidewalks. Simulation results in the downtown area of Kobe city indicated that watering the nearby roadways resulted in only 20% and 39% comfort for the northern sidewalks on the east–west road at 10:00 and 16:00, but about 70% comfort for the southern sidewalks and 60–90% comfort for the eastern and western sidewalks. Guiding pedestrians to a shaded sidewalk and then watering the nearby roadway to lower the surface temperature in the sun improves the thermal environment for pedestrians.
39
Tomia, Niati, Renny Heronia Nendissa, and Yohanes Pattinasarany. "Kelayakan Konstruksi Bangunan Trotoar di Kota Ambon." TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 3, no. 11 (January 31, 2024): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i11.2105.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Sidewalks are road support facilities as stipulated in Law no. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. The availability of sidewalks must provide safety and comfort for pedestrians passing through.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of writing this thesis is to find out and analyze (1) Does the sidewalk building in Ambon City meet the construction feasibility requirements in the provisions of laws and regulations.? and (2) What are the legal consequences if the sidewalk building does not meet the construction feasibility standards in the ptovisions of the legislations.? Methods of the Research: The type of research used in this study is normative juridical legal research, namely legal research conducted by examining library materials or secondary materials which consist of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. These materials are arranged systematically, studied, then a conclusion is drawn in relation to the problem under study.Results of the Research: The results and discussion show that the construction of sidewalks in the city of Ambon does not meet the feasibility standards for the construction of sidewalks as stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number 03/PRT/M/2014 concerning Guidelines for Planning, Provision and Utilization of Infrastructure and Facilities for Pedestrian Networks and Urban Areas, and Decree of the Director General of Highways No. 74/KPTS/Db/1999, Date, 7 December 1999 Concerning Ratification of One Technical Guideline of the Directorate General of Highways. Of course, this condition has legal consequences as stipulated in Article 44UU No. 28 of 2002 concerning Buildings in which there are administrative sanctions in the form of a) Written warning; b) Restrictions on development activities; c) Temporary or permanent suspension of construction implementation work; d) Temporary or permanent suspension of building use; e) Freezing of building construction permits; f) Revocation of building construction permit; g) Freezing of the certificate of proper function of the building h) revocation of the certificate of proper function of the building; or i) an order for the demolition of a building.
40
Romer, Richard T., and Shashi K. Sathisan. "Integrated Systems Methodology for Pedestrian Traffic Flow Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1578, no. 1 (January 1997): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1578-05.
Full textAbstract:
A typical urban pedestrian transportation system involves three basic elements: sidewalks or walkways; midblock or intersection corner, holding, or queuing areas; and pedestrian crossings of roads, railway lines, or other physical features of the transportation network. The pedestrians on sidewalks or walkways have operating characteristics analogous to motorized vehicles on roadways. The level of service and capacity analyses of sidewalks have been documented in the literature. In a similar manner, the concept of capacity and level of service have been individually applied to the street corner area and the crosswalk. Each critical pedestrian element has been considered individually, but not as a balanced system, especially at the most critical link—the signalized urban intersection. A methodology and guidelines are presented to analyze existing pedestrian elements at a signalized intersection, that is, the sidewalk, intersection corner, and crosswalk, with a systems approach that identifies key interrelationships of the individual elements. This systems approach can guide the design of a balanced at-grade pedestrian transportation system. It can be used to evaluate existing signalized at-grade intersection pedestrian elements, and to develop decision support tools to evaluate the potential need for a grade-separated pedestrian facility.
41
Jeong, Na-Ra, Seung-Won Han, and Jeong-Hee Kim. "Evaluation of Vegetation Configuration Models for Managing Particulate Matter along the Urban Street Environment." Forests 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13010046.
Full textAbstract:
As a green infrastructure component, urban street vegetation is increasingly being utilized to mitigate air pollution, control microclimates, and provide aesthetic and ecological benefits. This study investigated the effect of vegetation configurations on particulate matter (PM) flows for pedestrians in road traffic environments via a computation fluid dynamics analysis based on the road width (four and eight-lane) and vegetation configuration (single-, multi-layer planting, and vegetation barrier). Airflow changes due to vegetation influenced PM inflow into the sidewalk. Vegetation between roadways and sidewalks were effective at reducing PM concentrations. Compared to single-layer planting (trees only), planting structures capable of separating sidewalk and roadway airflows, such as a multi-layer planting vegetation barrier (trees and shrubs), were more effective at minimizing PM on the sidewalk; for wider roads, a multi-layer structure was the most effective. Furthermore, along a four-lane road, the appropriate vegetation volume and width for reducing PM based on the breathing height (1.5 m) were 0.6 m3 and 0.4 m, respectively. The appropriate vegetation volume and width around eight-lane roads, were 1.2–1.4 m3 and 0.8–0.93 m, respectively. The results of this study can provide appropriate standards for street vegetation design to reduce PM concentrations along sidewalks.
42
Isradi, Muhamad, Dinda Anastasia Aulia Fauziah, Widodo Budi Dermawan, Amar Mufhidin, Amar Mufhidin, and Joewono Prasetijo. "Analysis of Sidewalk User Satisfaction in Alun-Alun Bekasi." ADRI International Journal of Engineering and Natural Science 6, no. 01 (May 31, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/aijens.v6i01.24.
Full textAbstract:
Alun-Alun Bekasi is an area that is crowded with visitors because it is located in the city center and there are many public service places around it. The area should have good pedestrian or sidewalk facilities and in accordance with visitor satisfaction. This study aims to determine the physical condition of the sidewalks, the level of pedestrian satisfaction with the sidewalks and the level of service on the sidewalks in Alun-Alun Bekasi. In this study, using the Importance Performance Analysis method to determine the level of pedestrian satisfaction and Level of Service method by processing data using HCM 2000 to determine the level of service sidewalks. Online and offline questionnaires were distributed to 94 respondents and field surveys were carried out. The overall physical condition on the sidewalks in Alun-Alun Bekasi is quite good. The results of data analysis on the IPA method show that the level of suitability based on the level of satisfaction and the level of importance is in the good category, this is indicated by the suitability value of 73.20%. And based on the Cartesian diagram, the main priority is visual condition (not perforated / damaged) and has a disability path. For the analysis of the service level, it is divided into 4 segments, namely segment 1 is in front of the Al-Barkah Mosque, segment 2 is in front of the field, segment 3 is in front of dr. Chasabullah Abdulmajid Bekasi City, and segment 4 is in front of the Bekasi City Police METRO. The results of the service level analysis using the Level of Service method which refers to the Minister of Public Works Regulation no. 3 of 2014 is for Segment 1 analysis based on current, pedestrian space, and ratios including thecategory LOS B, only the analysis based on speed is included in thecategory LOS E. Segment 2 analysis based on flow, pedestrian spaces, and the ratio is categorized LOS A,only the analysis based on the speed that included LOS E.Segment 3 based on the current analysis, space, and the ratio is categorized LOS A,only the analysis based on the speed that included LOS B. Segment 4 as a whole includes LOS A. So that for the whole on the sidewalk of Alun-Alun Bekasi, including LOS A
43
Rany, Azhar Hasna, R. Siti Rukayah, and Suzzana Ratih Sari. "The Impact of Market Relocation to Roadway and Sidewalk Functions at Patiunus Street Pekalongan." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan 23, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jtsp.v23i1.28096.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: The more advance establishment of the country leads to the more developed economic progress. The economic activities require better supporting facilities and infrastructure. Market is one of infrastructure that can support economic activities. In addition, it requires a market location, it also requires a road to distribute the commodities in or out of the city. Roadway and sidewalk are supporting infrastructures that improve the economy in a country. One of market in Pekalongan city, Banjarsari Market’s was in fire. Then Banjarsari market was relocated in Patiunus Street. This research was conducted in Patiunus street, the sidewalk that was used for Banjarsari market relocation. The market relocation in the roadway and sidewalks can affect road functions and road users’ activities. Especially in the balancing interaction factor between the pedestrians and the vehicles, the safety factor of adequate space for pedestrians, the facilities offered a pleasurable experience on the sidewalk, the availability of public facilities unites, becomes supporting elements of the sidewalk. This research used the qualitative method and used three data collection techniques: direct observation, questionnaire, and documentation. The conclusion of this study is the existence of the Banjarsari market relocation on Jalan Patiunus affected the function of roads and sidewalks. By analyzing the result of the field survey and questionnaire to the road user and sidewalk users from Patiunus street, it can be concluded that the four standards for sidewalk (the balancing interaction between the pedestrians and the vehicles, safety factor, the facilities offered a pleasurable experience on the sidewalk and the availability of public facilities unites and becomes supporting elements of the sidewalk). Therefore, Patiunus street can have good functions for road user and sidewalk users.
44
Todd, Litman. "Cool walkability planning: Providing pedestrian thermal comfort in hot climate cities." Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences 9, no. 2 (November 16, 2023): 079–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-488x.000073.
Full textAbstract:
Global warming and urbanization are increasing the number of people living in cities that experience extreme heat. This makes walking uncomfortable, unattractive, and unhealthy and causes travelers to drive for trips that could be made on foot. To address these problems hot-climate cities can create networks of shadeways (shaded sidewalks) and pedways (enclosed, climate-controlled walkways). This article introduces the Cool Walkshed Index (CWI) which rates pedestrian thermal protection from A (best) to F (worst). Currently, most urban neighborhoods have CWI E (incomplete sidewalk networks) or D (complete sidewalk networks). Moderate-heat cities should aspire to CWI C (shaded sidewalks on busy routes); high-heat cities, with temperatures that frequently exceed 38 °C (100 °F) should aspire to CWI B (most buildings located within 300 m of enclosed, climate-controlled pedways); and extreme-heat cities, with temperatures that frequently exceed 43 °C (110° F) should aspire to CWI A (most buildings are located less than 100 m of enclosed, climate-controlled pedways). Analysis in this study indicates that the additional costs of these facilities can be repaid many times over through road, parking, and vehicle savings, and increased local property values.
45
Hidayat, N., I. Haryanto, and R. P. Isheka. "Evaluation of Pedestrian Facilities Performance." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1065, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1065/1/012061.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Most of sidewalks, especially in developing countries, are roled as public area with many social activities besides as the main function for serving pedestrian movement. Therefore, sidewalks may need some facilities to support user activities, namely benches, planting, including stalls for street vendors. The aims of this research is to evaluate pedestrian facilities in two different characteristic zone y.i. residential and business area in Yogyakarta city using Pedestrian Index (P-Index) method. The data are collected in KHA Dahlan-H Agus Salim-Kauman coridors, and Sudirman-Suroto coridors, that both coridors are considered residential and business area in downtown of Yogyakarta. Some variables are taken in to account, namely mobility, safety, facility, and accessibility. The results reveal that the pedestrian facilities are supportive towards pedestrians. The sidewalk in Sudirman-Suroto corridors are better in safety aspect, but must be improved.
46
Blumenberg, Evelyn, and Renia Ehrenfeucht. "Civil Liberties and the Regulation of Public Space: The Case of Sidewalks in Las Vegas." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 40, no. 2 (February 2008): 303–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37429.
Full textAbstract:
Conflicts over the nature of and rights associated with public space have a long history and have prompted numerous regulatory responses. Perhaps nowhere in the USA has the regulation of public space been as far-reaching as in Las Vegas, Nevada, where the financial stakes associated with sidewalks are enormous. This study examines how local officials mediate among varied and competing uses of the sidewalk. In defining the function of the sidewalks narrowly and passively deferring questions of civil liberties, local officials have effectively controlled almost all aspects of public behavior. In recent years, cities have invested in major commercial realization projects. Evidence from this case study suggests that, if successful, these developments will engender more extensive regulation of public life and the further curtailment of the freedoms traditionally guaranteed to citizen activity in public places.
47
Doustmohammadi, Mehrnaz, Niloufar Shirani Bidabadi, Sumalatha Kesaveraddy, and Michael Anderson. "The Impact of Sidewalks on Vehicle-Pedestrian Crash Severity." International Journal of Statistics and Probability 7, no. 4 (June 19, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v7n4p69.
Full textAbstract:
Walking is a sustainable mode of transportation that has several benefits related to improved health and reducing traffic congestion. The drawback to walking as a mode of transportation is the increased potential to be involved in a severe crash, which is greater than when two automobiles are involved in a crash. This paper provides a statistical analysis of pedestrian crashes that occurred in two Alabama cities where the crashes are divided into those where a sidewalk was present and those where a sidewalk was not present. The goal of the paper is to determine the difference in crash experiences and variables that contribute to vehicle-pedestrian crashes associated with the presence of the sidewalk. The paper uses binary logistic regression to develop models of pedestrian crashes and evaluates the models to determine factors that contribute the pedestrian crashes. The paper concludes that pedestrian crashes often happen in the evenings, with low lighting and visibility levels, independent of the presence of sidewalks.
48
Oh, Jihun, and Jeongseob Kim. "Where to Ride? An Explorative Study to Investigate Potential Risk Factors of Personal Mobility Accidents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030965.
Full textAbstract:
As a mobility of future, the popularity of personal mobility vehicles (PMs) is rapidly increasing worldwide. However, this boom in the use of PMs has resulted in a substantial number of accidents involving not only PM users but also other road users including pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicle drivers. This study aims to explore the potential risk factors for the occurrence of PM-related accidents and the resulting injury severity using the Traffic Accident Analysis System (TAAS) of South Korea between 2017 and 2019. We found that PM–pedestrian accidents tend to occur on roads with wider sidewalks and bike lanes, possibly because the pedestrian–PM conflict increases in this road condition. There is still ongoing debate on whether it is appropriate for PMs to share the sidewalk with pedestrians. Some countries, including Korea, prohibit the use of PMs on sidewalks; however, in reality, this regulation is not well-observed because using PMs on roadways involves higher crash risk with motor vehicles. This study suggests one potential solution to ensure safety of PM users: expansion of bike lane infrastructure having physically separated bike lanes and sidewalks/motorways in addition to the formation and strict enforcement of appropriate safety rules for PM users.
49
Sakharova, I. D. "THE MODERN DECISIONS ABOUT CONSTRUCTIONS OF BRIDGE FLOOR." Science and Transport Progress, no. 33 (August 25, 2010): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2010/13322.
Full textAbstract:
The paper is dealt with the changes introduced into the code of regulations «Bridges and pipes» developed as alternative to SNiP 2.05.03-84* related to the bridge floor of bridge structures: the possibility of refusing sidewalks, the change in road and sidewalk cross falls, the building of road pavement structures with the placement of asphalt concrete coating over waterproofing, and the drainage system construction.
50
Bouzoubaâ, N., A. Bilodeau, B. Fournier, R. D. Hooton, R. Gagné, and M. Jolin. "Deicing salt scaling resistance of concrete incorporating fly ash and (or) silica fume: laboratory and field sidewalk test data." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 38, no. 4 (April 2011): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l11-008.
Full textAbstract:
Sidewalk sections were cast in fall 2002 with three concrete mixtures that consisted of a control concrete, a concrete mixture incorporating 25% fly ash, and a concrete mixture made with a ternary blended cement (fly ash and silica fume). The curing practices consisted of using curing compound and wet burlap. For each of the sidewalk sections, laboratory specimens were cast on site using the concrete from the same batch. Large slabs (1.2 m × 0.9 m) were also cast from which specimens could be cored and tested in the laboratory for compressive strength and deicing salt scaling resistance following the ASTM and the BNQ test procedures. The results were compared to the performance of the sidewalk sections after six winters of outdoor exposure. A similar study was completed on sidewalk sections cast in spring 2002; the objective of the present study being to confirm the results of the previous investigation, and to determine the effect of the time of casting on the scaling resistance of the concrete i.e., performance of sidewalks cast in spring versus that of sidewalks cast in fall. The field evaluation showed that all the concretes cast in fall scaled relatively more than those placed in spring. Both laboratory results and field evaluations have shown that the use of a curing compound increases the scaling resistance of all the concretes investigated. The results also confirmed the adequateness of the BNQ procedure to better evaluate the deicing salt scaling resistance of concrete made with supplementary cementing materials; however, monitoring the sidewalk sections for a longer period of time is still required to confirm the above observations.