Relevant bibliographies by topics / Siemens Reference Process House

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Siemens Reference Process House'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Siemens Reference Process House"

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Paštyková, Veronika, Josef Novotný, Tomáš Veselský, Dušan Urgošík, Roman Liščák, and Josef Vymazal. "Assessment of MR stereotactic imaging and image co-registration accuracy for 3 different MR scanners by 3 different methods/phantoms: phantom and patient study." Journal of Neurosurgery 129, Suppl1 (December 2018): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.7.gks181527.

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OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to compare 3 different methods to assess the geometrical distortion of two 1.5-T and one 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) scanners and to evaluate co-registration accuracy. The overall uncertainty of each particular method was also evaluated.METHODSThree different MR phantoms were used: 2 commercial CIRS skull phantoms and PTGR known target phantom and 1 custom cylindrical Perspex phantom made in-house. All phantoms were fixed in the Leksell stereotactic frame and examined by a Siemens Somatom CT unit, two 1.5-T Siemens (Avanto and Symphony) MRI systems, and one 3-T Siemens (Skyra) MRI system. The images were evaluated using Leksell GammaPlan software, and geometrical deviation of the selected points from the reference values were determined. The deviations were further investigated for both definitions including fiducial-based and co-registration–based in the case of the CIRS phantom images. The same co-registration accuracy assessment was also performed for a clinical case. Patient stereotactic imaging was done on 3-T Skyra, 1.5-T Avanto, and CT scanners.RESULTSThe accuracy of the CT scanner was determined as 0.10, 0.30, and 0.30 mm for X, Y, and Z coordinates, respectively. The total estimated uncertainty in distortion measurement in one coordinate was determined to be 0.32 mm and 0.14 mm, respectively, for methods using and not using CT as reference imaging. Slightly more significant distortions were observed when using the 3-T than either 1.5-T MR units. However, all scanners were comparable within the estimated measurement error. Observed deviation/distortion for individual X, Y, and Z stereotactic coordinates was typically within 0.50 mm for all 3 scanners and all 3 measurement methods employed. The total radial deviation/distortion was typically within 1.00 mm. Maximum total radial distortion was observed when the CIRS phantom was used; 1.08 ± 0.49 mm, 1.15 ± 0.48 mm, and 1.35 ± 0.49 mm for Symphony, Avanto, and Skyra, respectively. The co-registration process improved image stereotactic definition in a clinical case in which fiducial-based stereotactic definition was not accurate; this was demonstrated for 3-T stereotactic imaging in this study. The best results were shown for 3-T MR image co-registration with CT images improving image stereotactic definition by about 0.50 mm. The results obtained with patient data provided a similar trend of improvement in stereotactic definition by co-registration.CONCLUSIONSAll 3 methods/phantoms used were evaluated as satisfactory for the image distortion measurement. The method using the PTGR phantom had the lowest uncertainty as no reference CT imaging was needed. Image co-registration can improve stereotactic image definition when fiducial-based definition is not accurate.
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Mzolo, Thembile, Goele Goris, Erik Talens, Alessandro Di Bucchianico, and Edwin Van Den Heuvel. "Statistical Process Control Methods for Monitoring In-House Reference Standards." Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research 7, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19466315.2015.1004271.

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Wang, Cheng. "Family House-Purchase Decision Model Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 2973–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.2973.

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Housing is the basic livelihood of the residents, and the residents need to consider many factors include the price, the quality, and the surrounding environment in the house-purchase decision. Aiming at the actual problem of family house-purchase decision, this paper established a family house-purchase decision model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Concretely, a hierarchical chart of family house-purchase is constructed based on four factors, i.e., housing price, housing quality, supporting facilities and traffic convenience degree, and then the decision method based on AHP is given to rank the order for the alternative commercial housings. It will provide the decision reference for feasible and effective decision-making of family house-purchase.
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Benton, Sally C., Godwin K. Tetteh, Sarah-Jayne Needham, Jakob Mücke, Leanne Sheppard, Steven Alderson, Corinne Ruppen, Maurus Curti, Maurice Redondo, and Anna M. Milan. "Evaluation of the 25-hydroxy vitamin D assay on a fully automated liquid chromatography mass spectrometry system, the Thermo Scientific Cascadion SM Clinical Analyzer with the Cascadion 25-hydroxy vitamin D assay in a routine clinical laboratory." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 58, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 1010–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2019-0834.

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AbstractBackgroundLiquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) offers advantages over immunoassay due to its increased specificity and ability to multiplex metabolites within a single run. Wide scale adoption of LC-MS/MS in routine clinical laboratories is restricted in part due to the high level of technical expertise required. The Thermo Scientific™ Cascadion™ SM Clinical Analyzer is the first fully automated, random access clinical analyser that utilises LC-MS/MS technology. We report an analytical validation of the 25-hydroxy vitamin D2 and D3 assays on the Cascadion Analyzer and an assessment of its performance within a routine clinical laboratory.MethodsAnalyser usability was assessed by staff with no previous experience of LC-MS/MS. An analytical validation included analysis of 154 patient samples on two different Cascadion Analyzers and a four-way method comparison of 146 patient samples on Roche and Siemens immunoassays and an in-house LC-MS/MS method. Accuracy was assessed using external quality assurance and reference materials. Seven third party IQC materials were tested on Cascadion.ResultsCascadion proved easy to use by scientific and non-scientific staff. The assay passed all validation criteria. Excellent agreement was demonstrated between two different Cascadions (y = 0.97x + 3.9 nmol/L, r2 > 0.99). A method comparison demonstrated no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the Cascadion and the Roche immunoassay. A significant difference (p < 0.0001) was observed between the Cascadion and an LC-MS/MS and Siemens methods. Results obtained from EQA and reference material showed a mean bias of +3.09% and all samples were within ±10% of assigned concentrations. All third party IQC samples tested were compatible for use with Cascadion.ConclusionsThe Cascadion Analyzer is a fully automated LC-MS/MS system that requires no prior LC-MS/MS expertise. The vitamin D assays demonstrated excellent performance with high levels of accuracy.
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Widyassari, Adhika Pramita, and Teguh Yuwono. "Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Rumah di Kawasan Cepu Menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process." INTENSIF: Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Penerapan Teknologi Sistem Informasi 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29407/intensif.v3i1.12442.

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Strategies to buy a house, consumers often experience problems in determining the house to be purchased, because each house has different characteristics. These characteristics will be used as reference considerations in determining which house to buy. In this study, the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method was used to weight the criteria and test the level of consistency with the pairwise comparison matrix. If the matrix has been consistent, then it can be continued to rank to determine the chosen alternative by using input weighting criteria obtained from the AHP method. To overcome the above problems, it is necessary to build a decision support system by implementing a ranking that can make it easier to determine House Selection using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method. Of the 9 sample houses in the Cepu area, the highest was the Housing of Zam Zam Cepu Type 38/78 with a total value of 2,84564719.
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Post, Robert L. "A Primer on the Federal Budget Process." MRS Bulletin 15, no. 11 (November 1990): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400058322.

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The federal budget process is often regarded as an arcane affair, the province of a select group of Washington insiders. This includes the mysteries behind the determination of budgets for R&D on materials. The purpose of this discussion is to demysrify the subject a little. It will focus largely on the role of Congress.A common misconception is that the White House sets the budget for the federal government. What the White House does do is send detailed recommendations to Congress each year in January on what it believes the budget should be. This covers spending, tax policy, and economie predictions (the latter reflected in the anticipated tax revenues). In January 1990, for example, the administration submitted budget recommendations for fiscal year 1991, which began on October 1 and runs until September 30, 1991. These recommendations (with subsequent negociations with the Hill) can be quite influential, but serve primarily as a point of reference, which Congress can gladly accept, or completely ignore, as circumstances and preferences dictate.
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Hoq, Monsurul, Susan Matthews, Vicky Karlaftis, Janet Burgess, Susan Donath, John Carlin, Vera Ignjatovic, and Paul Monagle. "Validation of the HAPPI Kids Continuous Age-Specific Pediatric Reference Intervals." Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine 5, no. 6 (April 19, 2020): 1337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfaa045.

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Abstract Introduction To facilitate best possible patient care, reference intervals (RIs) adopted by a laboratory must be appropriate for the population demographics and, where applicable, the analytical principle and/or the analytical instrument used. While guidelines from the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) recommend a validation process for discrete RIs, there are no current recommendations for the validation process for continuous RIs. This study aimed to validate recently published, HAPPI Kids continuous RIs, in a routine laboratory. Methods Initially, the difference in test results between the primary study laboratory that contributed to previous RIs development and a routine laboratory was assessed using specimens from 77 children tested in both laboratories using the Siemens ADVIA 1800 or Centaur/XP/XPT. Later, validation of the HAPPI Kids RIs was undertaken using 279 pediatric samples tested on the same analyzer type in the routine laboratory. The previously published RIs were validated if more than 90% of results in the routine laboratory were within the RIs. Results There was minimal evidence of clinically significant differences in test results between the primary and routine laboratories. The continuous RIs were validated after initial analysis for 16 of the 18 biochemistry analytes tested, and after secondary analysis for the remaining 2 analytes. Conclusion This study validates the HAPPI Kids RIs in a routine laboratory, satisfying the laboratory accreditation requirements for evaluation, implementation, and sourcing of RIs. In addition, this study presents a modification of the current CLSI method for validation of continuous RIs that will benefit routine laboratories in general.
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Kulle, Alexandra E., Thomas Reinehr, Gunter Simic-Schleicher, Nadine C. Hornig, and Paul-Martin Holterhus. "Determination of 17OHPreg and DHEAS by LC-MS/MS: Impact of Age, Sex, Pubertal Stage, and BMI on the Δ5 Steroid Pathway." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 102, no. 1 (November 3, 2016): 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2849.

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Abstract Background: Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and 17-hydroxypregnenolone (17OHPreg) are important for understanding the Δ5 pathway (e.g., in adrenarche and obesity). Although mass spectrometry has become the state-of-the-art method for quantifying steroids, there are few comprehensive age-, sex-, and pubertal stage–specific reference ranges for children. Aims: To develop a sensitive and reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantification of DHEAS and 17OHPreg and to establish entire age-, sex- and pubertal stage–specific reference ranges in children. Methods: A total of 684 children, 453 (243 female, 210 male) with normal body mass index (BMI; &lt;90th) and 231 (132 female, 99 male) obese subjects (&gt;97th), were categorized into 11 age groups, and age- and Tanner stage (PH)–specific reference ranges were determined. Results: The limit of detection was 0.05 nmol/L for 17OHPreg and 0.5 nmol/L for DHEAS. Levels of both steroids declined after the neonatal period. Comparisons with RIA assays (Siemens, Munich, Germany) (DHEAS) and an in-house kit (17OHPreg) revealed 0.95 and 0.93, respectively, as coefficients of determination. Although DHEAS—generally higher in boys—increased continuously starting at 3 to 6 years, 17OHPreg remained largely constant. In obese patients, both were significantly elevated, also in part after alignment to Tanner stages (PH). Conclusions: UPLC-MS/MS is sensitive and reliable for quantifying DHEAS and 17OHPreg. Our data support differential maturation of CYP17 during adrenarche with successively increasing 17,20-lyase activity but largely constant 17α−hydroxylation activity. Endocrine interpretation of 17OHPreg and DHEAS must consider differential patterns for age, sex, pubertal stage, and BMI.
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Muhammad, Nor Azura, Zunaide Kayun, Hasyma Abu Hassan, Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong, Kwan Hoong Ng, and Muhammad Khalis Abdul Karim. "Evaluation of Organ Dose and Image Quality Metrics of Pediatric CT Chest-Abdomen-Pelvis (CAP) Examination: An Anthropomorphic Phantom Study." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 2047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052047.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of CT acquisition parameter setting on organ dose and its influence on image quality metrics in pediatric phantom during CT examination. The study was performed on 64-slice multidetector CT scanner (MDCT) Siemens Definition AS (Siemens Sector Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany) using various CT CAP protocols (P1–P9). Tube potential for P1, P2, and P3 protocols were fixed at 100 kVp while P4, P5, and P6 were fixed at 80 kVp with used of various reference noise values. P7, P8, and P9 were the modification of P1 with changes on slice collimation, pitch factor, and tube current modulation (TCM), respectively. TLD-100 chips were inserted into the phantom slab number 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, and 14 to represent thyroid, lung, liver, stomach, gonads, and skin, respectively. The image quality metrics, signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) values were obtained from the CT console. As a result, this study indicates a potential reduction in the absorbed dose up to 20% to 50% along with reducing tube voltage, tube current, and increasing the slice collimation. There is no significant difference (p > 0.05) observed between the protocols and image metrics.
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Janíček, František, Martin Mucha, Karol Česnek, and Jozef Kováčik. "Controlled Switching of the T402 Transformer in the Križovany 400kV Substation." Journal of Electrical Engineering 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10187-010-0002-y.

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Controlled Switching of the T402 Transformer in the Križovany 400kV Substation The paper deals with simulating the circumstances of switching surge and trigger current at switching-in of the T402 autotransformer recently installed in Križovany, with the tests conducted by means of ATP (Alternative Transient Program) simulation software for simulating transient electromagnetic phenomena. The target has been to determine temporal curves for the most critical surge instances against earth and between the phases and the curves for trigger current with and without surge limiters connected, and to determine by means of simulations the size and statistical frequency of switching surges and based on a controlled switching simulation, to describe the elimination of transient phenomena during the process and in reference to the simulations and to operating manual for the PSD02 Siemens control unit, suggest the required configuration settings for the unit.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Siemens Reference Process House"

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Magnusson, David, and Johan Marengård. "Intraorganizational Harmonization of Logistical IT-tools A Case Study at Siemens Medical Solutions to Attain Synergies in Supply Chain Processes." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2611.

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Through a harmonization of IT-tools among intraorganizational units synergies can be attained through economies of scale and homogenous interfaces towards supply chain partners. In this thesis the possibilities for such synergies at Siemens Medical Solutions in Germany are investigated. By evaluating performance of IT-tools and the cost impact of different scenarios recommendations for harmonization at Siemens Medical Solutions are given.

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Duursema, Lukas. "Analysis of the strategic planning process with specific reference to the operational implementation of strategic plans in Siemens-IC." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51587.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Strategic planning and the successful implementation of strategic plans moulds organisations and make them successful in the long term. Siemens-Information and Communications (IC) has realised the need for strategic planning to remain competitive and successful. The implementation of the strategic planning process at Siemens-IC has created the opportunity to do that, but as many have realised, this can only be achieved when the strategic plans have been successfully implemented. The strategic planning process at Siemens-IC is not dysfunctional, in many instances it has achieved a great deal. The problem is therefore not how to fix the strategic planning process, but rather how to improve the implementation of the strategic plans. The successful implementation of strategic plans is summarised by outlining the process used to derive the strategy, the governing principles for defining the strategy, communication of the strategy and organisational accountabilities. These components are supported by a strategy review process that is embedded in the organisational process and improves the implementation of strategic plans. If all of this occurs in the absence of a culture which promotes innovation, creativity and strategic planning as part of all managers' functions, it is doomed to failure. The strategic plans in Siemens-IC could be implemented better if the formulation of strategy is seen as part of the line managers' functions. This would provide the opportunity to improve communication, understanding and implementation of the strategy throughout the organisation right down to the lowest levels. It is also proposed that the implementation of strategic plans should be improved by linking the formulation with the implementation of the strategy. This would ensure that what has been envisioned will also be implemented. The last overall consideration for Siemens-IC is to create an organisational culture of learning. Managers at all levels should realise that formulating and implementing strategy is an ongoing journey that should be managed, and where failures and successes should be seen as opportunities to learn and improve. Achieving a culture of learning would improve the organisation's overall success with the implementation of strategic plans.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Strategiese beplanning en die suksesvolle implementering van strategiese planne vorm organisasies en maak hulle suksesvol oor die lang termyn. Die behoefte vir strategiese beplanning in Siemens-Informasie en Kommunikasie (IK) is erken om die maatskappy meer kompeterend en suksesvol te maak. Die implementering van strategiese beplanning by Siemens-IK het die geleentheid geskep om dié doelwit te bereik. Maar dit het ook die besef laat ontstaan dat dit slegs bereik kan word indien die strategiese planne suksesvol geimplementeer word. Die strategiese beplanningsprosesse by Siemens-IK is nie foutief nie, daar is inteendeel vele gevalle waar dit suksesvol was. Die probleem is dus nie die regstelling van die strategiese beplanningsproses nie, maar eerder hoe om die implementering van die strategiese planne te verbeter. Die suksesvolle implementering van die strategiese planne word saamgevat deur die prosesse wat die strategie bepaal, die beginsels wat die bepaling van die strategie reguleer, kommunikasie van die strategie en die organisatoriese verantwoordelikhede te omskryf. Hierdie elemente word gerugsteun deur 'n strategie hersieningsproses wat deel is van die organisatoriese prosesse, en verbeter die implementering van die strategiese planne. Indien daar nie 'n kultuur wat innovasie, kreatiwiteit en waar strategiese beplanning gesien word as deel van alle bestuurders se funksies bestaan nie, sal implementering gedoem word om te faal. Die implementering van strategiese planne in Siemens-IK kan verbeter word deur strategie formulering deel van die lynbestuurders se funksies te maak. Dit sal die geleentheid skep vir verbeterede kommunikasie, begrip en implementering van strategie en dit na alle vlakke van die organisasie deur te voer tot op die laagste vlakke. Daar word ook aanbeveel dat die formulering en die implementering van strategie gekoppel moet word. Dit sal verseker dat dit wat beoog word, ook geimplementeer sal word. Die laaste oorkoepelende oorweging is om 'n leerkultuur in die organisasie te skep. Bestuurders op alle vlakke moet besef dat strategie formulering 'n voorgesette proses is wat bestuur moet word, en waarin mislukkings en suksesse as geleenthede vir leer en verbetering beskou moet word. Die verwesenliking van 'n leerkultuur sal die implementering van strategiese planne, oor die algemeen, meer suksesvol maak.
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Books on the topic "Siemens Reference Process House"

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Willis, Bil. How to make your realtor get you the best deal.: A guide through the real estate purchasing process, from choosing a realtor to negotiating the best deal for you! Sherman Oaks, Calif: Gabriel Publications, 2004.

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Office, General Accounting. Telecommunications: GSA needs to improve process for awarding task orders for local service : report to the Chairman, Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2003.

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Deshaies, Ken, and Bil Willis. How to Make Your Realtor Get You the Best Deal Oregon: A Guide Through the Real Estate Purchasing Process, from Choosing a Realtor to Negotiating the Best ... to Make Your Realtor Get You the Best Deal). Gabriel Publications (CA), 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Siemens Reference Process House"

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Fernandes, João M., and Ricardo J. Machado. "Business Modeling in Process-Oriented Organizations for RUP-Based Software Development." In Software Applications, 2510–27. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-060-8.ch147.

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Several organizations nowadays are not particularly comfortable with their internal structuring based on a hierarchical arrangement (sub-divided in departments), where collaborators with a limited view of the overall organization perform theiractivities. Those organizations recognize the need to move to a model where multi-skilled teams run horizontal business processes that cross the organization and impact suppliers and clients. To develop software systems for any organization, the development process must always be appropriate and controlled. Additionally, for organizations that want to migrate to a horizontal business processes view, it is required to model the organizational platform where the organizational processes will run. This necessity is also true when the organization under consideration is a software house. In this chapter, a proposal of a generic framework for process-oriented software houses is presented. The way of managing the process model and the instantiation of their processes with the rational unified process (RUP) disciplines, whenever they are available or with other kind of processes, is recommended as a way to control and define the software development process. To illustrate the usefulness of the proposal, the chapter presents how the generic reference framework was executed in a real project called “Premium Wage” and shows, in some detail, the created artifacts (which include several UML models) during the development phases following the RUP disciplines, especially the artifacts produced for business modeling.
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Van Schaack, Beth. "A Short History of a Long Conflict." In Imagining Justice for Syria, edited by Michael N. Schmitt, Shane R. Reeves, Winston S. Williams, and Sasha Radin, 17–52. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190055967.003.0002.

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This introductory chapter offers a short history of the eight-year conflict in Syria, covering the arrival of the Arab Spring, the transformation of a long-overdue revolution into a full-scale armed conflict, and the evolution of the situation on the ground to date. This chapter prefaces the contemporary violence with a few historical events, surfacing atrocities committed in the 1980s that have never been the subject of any genuine accountability process as well as the entrenchment of authoritarianism under the House of Assad. It describes how the arrival of the Arab Spring reawakened long-dormant revolutionary impulses, which amplified the government’s repression. This, in turn, provoked an armed resistance and a full-scale conflict, which opened space for the arrival of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). The chapter recounts this history with reference to several key events and factors: the response of the international community, the opposition’s perpetual rearrangements, the appearance of ISIL, the commission of war crimes and crimes against humanity (including the infringement of the taboo against chemical weapons), the humanitarian catastrophe that ensued, forms of foreign intervention (aid, arms, and air strikes), and failed peace processes. In addition to recounting the involvement of major Western powers in the Syrian battlespace, it also touches upon the impact of spillover conflicts in the subregion. Others will write the definitive history of this tragedy; the goal here is to touch upon key milestones as this conflict unfolded and to set the scene for the efforts to promote justice and accountability for the atrocities underway.
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"Having defined ethnic origin, the next task was to apply that definition to Sikhs to consider whether they could be said to be ‘people defined…by reference to… ethnic origins’. Lord Denning launched into a potted and largely inaccurate history of the word ‘Sikh’ and the people who follow the teaching of Guru Nanak. Again, in a subjective and arbitrary manner, Lord Denning decided that: (a) Sikhs can only be distinguished by religion, and therefore (b) they are not defined by ‘ethnic origins’, and therefore (c) they are not a racial group, and therefore (d) it is not illegal to discriminate against Sikhs. Lord Denning’s entire reasoning process rests on dictionary definitions and homespun inaccurate conclusions. He went on to criticise the CRE for bringing the case, stating that schools should not be interfered with when they properly manage their affairs. Oliver LJ in the same court said that the dictionary shows ‘ethnic’ to be a vague word and he doubts whether only the most general assistance can be obtained from dictionaries. Can one discern a community in a loose sense among Sikhs, he asked rhetorically? Without providing evidence, he says no, customs among Sikhs are so disparate they cannot be said to be members of an ethnic group. However, the essence of the discrimination legislation is that the ‘man in the street’ is the one to discriminate. The court concluded that Sikhs were not an ethnic group. The CRE appealed to the House of Lords. The House of Lords reversed the decision of the Court of Appeal, allowing the appeal. The House of Lords found that, to be an ethnic group, a group must be regarded by itself and others as a distinct community with, for instance, a shared culture, history, language, common descent or geography, customs, religion. Not all of these factors need be present. The main judgment given was by Lord Fraser. He discussed the views of Lord Denning and Oliver LJ in the Court of Appeal. He dispensed with the dictionary arguments and the suggestion that ethnic denotes race by saying, in favour of a teleological approach:." In Legal Method and Reasoning, 121. Routledge-Cavendish, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843145103-94.

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Conference papers on the topic "Siemens Reference Process House"

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Wiyantoko, Bayu, Tri Esti Purbaningtias, and Puji Kurniawati. "Determination of ash content in coal using in-house reference materials." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMISTRY, CHEMICAL PROCESS AND ENGINEERING (IC3PE). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5065026.

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Rohyami, Yuli, Ade Irma Yuliani, and Hezna Intan Firdiyanti. "Recrystallization of sodium chloride as the candidate of in-house reference material." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMISTRY, CHEMICAL PROCESS AND ENGINEERING (IC3PE). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5065012.

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Fakhari, Keramat, Thomas Hofbauer, and Anton Weber. "Numerical Investigation of Unsteady Blade Row Interactions With Leakage Flow in Steam Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59613.

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This paper focuses on the interaction of labyrinth seal leakage flows within two stages of a HP and an IP steam turbine. Numerical studies have been carried out with the DLR in-house code TRACE [1] to show the impact of the labyrinth seal leakage flow on the total loss generation in both steady and time accurate simulations. CFD results are verified by the in-house 2D through-flow method of Siemens Energy. The investigations are divided into five steps: 1. Real gas effects, 2. Steady simulations of the core flow alone and its interaction with the cavity flow to provide insights about loss production contributed by the mixing process of the re-entering leakage flow into the main flow, 3. Understanding and modeling of unsteady phenomena within such interacting flows, 4. Effects of reduction of the axial distance between the two stages on the mixing process in time accurate simulations. 5. Comparison of blade loads calculated by Siemens’ CAE tools and predicted by TRACE.
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Schuerhoff, Joerg, Andrei Ghicov, and Karsten Sattler. "Advanced Water Droplet Erosion Protection for Modern Low Pressure Steam Turbine Steel Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43140.

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Blades for low pressure steam turbines operate in flows of saturated steam containing water droplets. The water droplets can impact rotating last stage blades mainly on the leading edge suction sides with relative velocities up to several hundred meters per second. Especially on large blades the high impact energy of the droplets can lead to a material loss particularly at the inlet edges close to the blade tips. This effect is well known as “water droplet erosion”. The steam turbine manufacturer use several techniques, like welding or brazing of inlays made of erosion resistant materials to reduce the material loss. Selective, local hardening of the blade leading edges is the preferred solution for new apparatus Siemens steam turbines. A high protection effect combined with high process stability can be ensured with this Siemens hardening technique. Furthermore the heat input and therewith the geometrical change potential is relatively low. The process is flexible and can be adapted to different blade sizes and the required size of the hardened zones. Siemens collected many years of positive operational experience with this protection measure. State of the art turbine blades often have to be developed with precipitation hardening steels and/or a shroud design to fulfill the high operational requirements. A controlled hardening of the inlet edges of such steam turbine blades is difficult if not impossible with conventional methods like flame hardening. The Siemens steam turbine factory in Muelheim, Germany installed a fully automated laser treatment facility equipped with two co-operating robots and two 6 kW high power diode laser to enable the in-house hardening of such blades. Several blade designs from power generation and industrial turbines were successfully laser treated within the first year in operation. This paper describes generally the setup of the laser treatment facility and the application for low pressure steam turbine blades made of precipitation hardening steels and blades with shroud design, including the post laser heat treatments.
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Winkler, Wolfgang. "Fuel Cell Hybrids, Their Thermodynamics and Sustainable Development." In ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74157.

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The increasing demand on primary energy and the increasing concern on climatic change demand immediately a sustainable development, but still there remain open questions regarding its technical realisation. The second law of thermodynamics is a very simple but efficient way to define the principle design rules of sustainable technologies in minimising the irreversible entropy production. The ideal, but real process chain is defined by a still reversible structure or logic of the process chain—the reversible reference process chain—but consisting of real components with an irreversible entropy production on a certain level. It can easily be shown for energy conversion and for transportation that hybridisation in general can be indeed a measure to meet the reversible process chain and to minimise the entropy flow to the environment. Fuel cells are principal reversible converters of chemical energy and thus a key element within hybridisation. Depending on application, CHP may be a hybridisation step or only a slight improvement. There is a fundamental difference in heating a house or in supplying an endothermic chemical reaction with reaction entropy. The use of heat recovery and isolation is a necessary measure to minimise the entropy flow to the environment and can be described by a reversible reference process as well. The application of reversible reference process chains shows that hybrid systems with fuel cells are a technical feasibility to approach very closely the thermodynamic potential. This development differs from the past where the technical possibilities of materials and manufacturing limited the technology to meet reversibility and thus sustainability.
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Üşenmez, Serdar, Sinan Ekinci, Oğuz Uzol, and İlkay Yavrucuk. "Application of a Fuzzy Logic Controller for Speed Control on a Small-Scale Turbojet Engine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-27158.

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Having a small-scale turbojet engine operate at a desired speed with minimum steady state error, while maintaining good transient response is crucial in many applications, such as UAVs, and requires precise control of the fuel flow. In this paper, first the mathematical model of a Small-Scale Turbojet Engine (SSTE) is obtained using system identification tests, and then based on this model, a classical PI controller is designed. Afterwards, to improve on the transient response and steady state performance of this classical controller, a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is designed. The design process for the FLC employs logical deduction based on knowledge of the engine behavior and iterative tuning in the light of software- and hardware-in-the-loop simulations. The classical and fuzzy logic controllers are both implemented on an in-house, embedded Electronic Control Unit (ECU) running in real time. This ECU is an integrated device carrying a microcontroller based board, a fuel pump, fuel line valves, speed sensor and exhaust gas temperature sensor inputs, and starter motor and glow plug driver outputs. It mainly functions by receiving a speed reference value via its serial communication interface. Based on this reference, a voltage is calculated and applied to the fuel pump in order to regulate the fuel flow into the engine, thereby bringing the engine speed to the desired value. Pre-defined procedures for starting and stopping the engine are also automatically performed by the ECU. Further, it connects to a computer running an in-house comprehensive Graphical User Interface (GUI) software for operating, monitoring, configuration and diagnostics purposes. The designed controllers are used to drive a generic SSTE. Reference inputs consisting of step, ramp and chirp profiles are applied to the controllers. The engine response using both controllers are recorded and inspected. The results show that the FLC exhibits a comparable performance to the classical controller, with possible opportunities to improve this performance.
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Petrov, Miroslav P., Jens Fridh, Ake Göransson, and Torsten H. Fransson. "High-Speed Steam Turbine Systems for Small-Scale Power Generation Applications." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54556.

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Energy utilization from low-grade fuels of either fossil or renewable origin, or from medium-temperature heat sources such as solar, industrial waste heat, or small nuclear reactors, for small-scale power generation via steam cycles, can be reasonably enhanced by a simple technology shift. This study evaluates the technical feasibility of a compact power generation package comprising a steam turbine directly coupled to a high-speed alternator delivering around 8–12 MW of electrical power. Commercial or research-phase high-speed electrical generators at MW-scale are reviewed, and a basic thermodynamic design and flow-path analysis of a steam turbine able to drive such a generator is attempted. High-speed direct drives are winning new grounds due to their abilities to be speed-controlled and to avoid the gearbox otherwise typical for small system drivetrains. These two features may offer a reasonable advantage to conventional drives in terms of higher reliability and better economy. High-speed alternators with related power electronics are nowadays becoming increasingly available for the MW-size market. A generic 8 to 12 MW synchronous alternator running respectively at 15,000 to 10,000 rpm, have been used as a reference for evaluating the fundamental design of a directly coupled steam turbine prime mover. The moderate steam parameter concept suits well for converting mid-temperature thermal energy into electrical power with the help of low-tech steam cycles, allowing for distributed electricity production at reasonable costs and efficiency. Steam superheat temperatures below 350°C (660°F) at pressures of maximum 20 bar would keep the steam volumetric flow sufficiently high in order to restrain the turbine losses typical for small-scale turbines, while helping also with simpler certification and safety procedures and using primarily established technology and standard components. The proposed steam turbines designs and their characteristics thereof have been evaluated by computer simulations using the in-house code ProSteam and its sub-procedures AXIAL and VaxCalc, by courtesy of Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery and its steam turbine division located in Finspong, Sweden. The first results from this study show that high-speed steam turbines of the proposed size and type are possible to design and manufacture based on conventional components, and can be expected to deliver a very satisfactory performance at variable power output.
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Monje, B., D. Sánchez, M. Savill, P. Pilidis, and T. Sánchez. "A Design Strategy for Supercritical CO2 Compressors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25151.

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The international scientific community researching the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle has already developed the first turbomachinery designs, which are currently operating in reference laboratories worldwide. Nevertheless, the performance of this equipment is still quite far from the target values yielding fairly disappointing system efficiencies (65% vs. 80% total to total efficiency for radial compressors). In the light of these past results, the thermal Power Group (GMTS) at the University of Seville, Spain, has been researching the SCO2 cycle during the last few years. Hence, after researching elementary diffusion processes and some basic features of the system, the authors are now in the process of developing guidelines for compressor design based on one-dimensional codes developed in-house and CFD analysis. The results stemming from both approaches are presented in this paper showing that the rather simple 1D model is able to produce a fairly good model which can then be tuned with a more complex and computationally expensive 3D CFD code. The entire approach is presented in this paper, from the initial reference value for the key design parameters through the 1D code and to the multi-dimensional tool. The results of the two latter approaches are compared in detail in this paper.
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Ganatra, Yash, and Amy Marconnet. "Passive Thermal Management Using Phase Change Materials: Experimental Evaluation of Thermal Resistances." In ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2015-48499.

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Limited heat dissipation and increasing power consumption in processors has led to a utilization wall. Specifically due to high transistor density, not all processors can be used continuously without exceeding safe operating temperatures. This is more significant in mobile electronic devices which, despite relatively large chip area, are limited by poor heat dissipation — primarily natural convection from the exposed surfaces. In the past, solid-to-liquid phase change materials (PCMs) have been employed for passive thermal control — absorbing energy during the phase change process while maintaining a relatively fixed temperature. However, the lower thermal conductivity of the liquid phase after melting often limits the heat dissipation from the PCM, and in the liquid state, the material can flow away from the desired location. Here we focus on characterization of thermal performance of PCMs with the goal of evaluating dry (gel-to-solid/amorphous-to-crystalline) phase change materials which are intended to mitigate the pumpout issue. Critical thermophysical properties include the thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and latent heat of the phase/state change. The thermal resistance throughout the phase change process is measured by in-house rig which miniaturizes the reference bar method for use with infrared temperature sensing.
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Hessler, Christian, and Tobias Scharf. "Innovative Design for Control Rooms." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75512.

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Screen-based human-machine interfaces, having been standard for many years in most process industries, are now also well acknowledged in the main control room of nuclear power plants. Being a standard feature of digital I&C systems, they offer significant benefits and interesting options for control room design, but also constitute challenges for the designer. Attractive opportunities for the designer and operator are for example the minimization of equipment, compared to design of hardwired panels, the reduction of cabling and cable separation issues, the flexibility and increased possibility for customization to specific utilities and operator needs. However, this flexibility brings also new challenges to the design, for new builds as well as for plant modernization projects, such as ensuring overall situation awareness of the operator, in spite the intrinsically serial character of information presentation, and the need to integrate different, even diverse digital human-machine interfaces of the safety and non-safety I&C systems. The reference concept of AREVA NP for all projects involving control room design relies on an overall I&C architecture, based on the TELEPERM XS for safety I&C systems, and Siemens SPPA T2000. SPPA T2000’s OM690 screen-based monitoring and control system is used as the integrated main operator interface, supporting plant operation in all plant states. Additionally control boards are used to implement a separate safety panel satisfying nuclear safety qualification requirements. These components are used to tailor the design of main control room, remote shut-down stations and local control stations, in accordance with licensing requirements, utility expectations and operating staff needs.
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