Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Siences sociales et Etat'
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Aya, Alphonse. "Proto-Etat et société civile congolaise." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR1007.
Full textOuld, Sidya Mohamed. "Tribu et etat en mauritanie de 1946 a 1978. Essai descriptif." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10025.
Full textThe national mauritanian state was born in 1960 in such context that it only could assut itself by treating the traditional chieftraineries with consideration. From 1965, the verling authorities carried out internal reversal alliances by undertaking through the institutionalization of a single political party. By this instrument, it not only wanted to do without the tribe, bu it intented to combat it. At the end of their political run, have the first mauritanian gouvernement mastered the tribe ? the subsequent abus and regressions of 1978 nether seem to confirm a real revival of tribalism where maraboutic interests play a leading part
Croisic, Rodrigue. "La société contre la politique : structures sociales, Etat et politique en Guadeloupe." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100196.
Full textHow can democratic politics {working; through competitive institutions) accommodate highly non egalitarian social classes? With this question, our thesis probes the problem of applying the institution of universal suffrage in 1848 to an undemocratic pro-slavery society, only a few months alter its adoption in France, already far advanced in the democratic process even in comparison with other European countries. Starting from the premise that democracy would not simply blossom at the orders of new legislation, our thesis supports the idea that the history of universal suffrage from 1848 to the present day shows, in the particular case of Guadeloupe, a discrepancy between the promises and actual practises of democracy, between its principles and the reality of the way it has been organised. In Guadeloupe, it was, in reality, dealing with the contradiction of trying to impose the rule of the people on an aristocratic and above all pro-slavery society. Indeed, the history of Guadeloupe has shown that democratic elections have long been beset with numerous problems
Péclard, Didier. "Etat colonial, missions chrétiennes et nationalisme en Angola, 1920-1975 : aux racines sociales de l'UNITA." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005IEPP0037.
Full textThe thesis aims at understanding the complex interactions that took place between the colonial State, Christian Missions and nationalism in Angola, between c. 1920 and the country's independence in 1975. It runs counter to many deterministic approaches which have given much weight to ethnic, cultural and religious factors in most of Angola's historiography. It focuses of the central planalto region, and looks in particular at the social and political role of Christian missions. In the context of Portuguese colonialism they represented one of the very few alleys of upward social mobility for the vast majority of Angolans who were left at the political, social and economic margins of the colonial system. In that sense, they were key actors in the manner in which Angolan societies negociated their articulation to the colonial State, as well as in the development of nationalism. It is on this role that the thesis concentrates. It shows that nationalism, far from being the "natural" outcome of such interactions, was only one possible response between others to the challenge posed by the late colonialism
Del, Re Alisa. "Les politiques sociales en France dans les années trente : Etat et rapports sociaux de sexe." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080745.
Full textSome laws brought into force in france in the thirties were designed to establish guarantees regarding reproduction (social insurances, family allowances, 1936 laws, code de la famille). The state penetrated the daily life of the urban working class to ensure that reproduction followed a certain pattern. This system of control called for investment in women, a social subject wich became a political subject because of its historically determined link with reproduction
Lefranc, Jérôme. "Stratégies de développement économique et politiques sociales : le cas de la Russie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010018.
Full textThe thesis presents the articulation between economic development policies and social policies of Russia since the beginning of the post-socialist transformation. Whereas welfare system can be a springboard to win collective well-being, the study examines the capacity of the Russian welfare state to serve the country's economic growth. lt relies on economic theories dealing with institutional evolution and the varieties of capitalism to analyze the initial conditions and major changes in the welfare state and explain the path of transformation sin ce 1990. At first the reforms generated a sensitive deterioration of the living conditions of thE population, which led to a sharp increase in incarne inequality and in poverty. After 2000, the return to growth has helped strengthen the social protection system. The study of incarne dispersion data from polarization indicators shows that the polarization does not decrease before 2005, allowing clarify the frequent debate on the concept of middle class in Russia. The analysis of the new welfare state since the beginning of 2000 highlights the structural continuity of the Russian social state. The rise of state social intervention expenditure reflects a closer link with Western countries, but this expansion was possible only thanks to export earnings o hydrocarbons. Furthermore, the current social policy remains tao oriented towards family and pensioners to the detriment of the workforce or the school-aqe population
Lasserre, René. "Contributions a l'etude des relations sociales en allemagne et des dimensions socio-economiques de la cooperation franco-allemande." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030180.
Full textThge thesis is composed of a body historical and sociological research into the development of the trade union movement, industrial relations and the social organization of german companies, as well as a series of studies of the german economy and of franco-german economic relations since the mid 1980s. These studies are completed by a synthesis which, in its opening section, offers a comparative analysis of the development of the french and german systems of industrial relations since 1945, from which two types of contrasting regulation emerge: while the german system of negociation between unions and employers is characterized by the predominance of mechanisms of autonomous contractual regulation, operated by the af0re-mentioned, the french system remains marked by their weak capacity to concert and revolves around the codifying and regulatory intervention of the state. In a second part that deals with a consideration of the socio-economic dimensions of franco-german cooperation in the construction of europe at the beginning of the 1990s, the synthesus reveals, beyond the sporadically emerging crises and tensions, a growing interdependence and voncergence of interests and policies pursued by the two countries within the framework of the community
Pagnac, Romain. "Droits sociaux et dynamiques d’activation des politiques sociales en Europe." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40061/document.
Full textThe influence of the theme of activating "passive" social expenditure has been evidenced over the last few years and especially in Europe. This political discourse has filtered into the national systems and has spread to legislation, leading to new links between the logic of classic social protection (compensatory technique or social assistance claimants) and employment (employment law). These active policies are based on traditional socio-democratic nordic models and the anglo-american model. The European Union has adopted the activation concept and given it central place in its employment strategy and through the Open Method of Coordination for social protection. This strategy has had an impact on the national systems. This impact may be measured in Beveridgian systems as well as in Bismarckian systems, that shows the different aspects of activation depending on the Member States but with a more distinct difference depending on a more liberal or universalist approach. The recent transformations in the French system (unemployment insurance benefits or social assistance schemes) based on the conditionality of social protection, have led to significant changes to social protection which raises the issue of the underlying legal logic of these changes and a critical analysis of the extent of such a renewal of the social contract
Vezzani, Ilaria. "Langue et discours de la contestation. Enjeux et représentations des luttes sociales et politiques en Italie (1967 - 1980)." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015847.
Full textColleter, Rozenn. "Pratiques funéraires, squelettes et inégalités sociales : étude d'un échantillon des élites bretonnes à l'époque moderne." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30226/document.
Full textObjectives: Among the past populations, the search for health-related inequalities (food, stress, etc.) is customarily debated. Nonetheless, it is often limited by methodological and preservation issues. The present dissertation tackles this matter thanks to the study of a Modern population by comparing biological and historical data. The goal being to estimate likeness or divergence in the sample and to suggest a methodology. Material and methods: A Modern series from the Jacobins' convent in Rennes (Brittany) was used here, for which numerous contextual data were recorded. According to the location of their tomb in the convent, the subjects can be linked to various communities (aristocrats, clergymen, commoners). After spreading the subjects in different chronological phases following a heuristic archaeological approach, groups were reconstituted on the basis of socio-economical postulates. Cultural (funerary practices) as well as biological variations between the samples were sought for. A large anthropological and paleoepidemiological study was thus undergone, for which isotopic markers were also taken into account (some of them being innovative). Results and discussion: According to the settings that were used, significant disparities among the different groups and periods can be noticed and related to historical events or social inequalities. Nevertheless, for many markers, it is more a gradient than an absolute difference that can be observed. On the one hand, it tackles the issue of the use of those markers without any historical data which could orient the discussion. On the other hand, it questions sometimes not so visible inequalities between certain groups of subjects during the Ancien Régime in Brittany. Conclusion: For populations for which historical data would be lacking, the only solution to test specific markers would be to formulate strong hypotheses which would enable researchers to exploit them in terms of inequalities -if not social ones at least related to health disparities generally speaking
Sow, Mamadou Mouctar. "Politiques de soutien au revenu, Pauvreté et Inégalités de santé à la naissance: Une comparaison Bruxelles-Montréal." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/332018/3/Manuscrit.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Santé Publique
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Delmotte, Florence. "La question de l'Etat dans la sociologie historique de Norbert Elias: enjeux épistémologiques et politiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210763.
Full textGillet, Olivier. "L'Eglise orthodoxe et l'Etat communiste roumain, 1948-1989: étude de l'idéologie de l'Eglise orthodoxe :entre traditions byzantines et national-communisme." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212518.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Zinini, M'Hammed. "Politique sociale et crise." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF10104.
Full textMorel, Nathalie. "L'ETAT FACE AU SOCIAL: LA (RE)DEFINITION DES FRONTIERES DE L'ETAT-PROVIDENCE EN SUEDE. Une analyse des politiques de prise en charge des personnes âgées dépendantes et des jeunes enfants de 1930 à 2005." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839973.
Full textDuc, Séverin. "Un champ de forces et de luttes à la Renaissance : L’État de Milan (1515-1530)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040185.
Full textEager to conquer and dominate the State of Milan, Francis I (1515-1521) Francesco II Sforza (1522-1525) and Charles V (1526-1530) all three face a political ground with high centrifugal potential, what we call a "field of forces and struggles". Our comparative survey of their successive exercise of domination highlights three original strategies of direct exercise, delegation of power and integration/mediation by the elites or the Popolo. In their own way, each of the princes and their servants conceive their own power, its legal, geographic and symbolic limits, and the quality of dominated subjects. Each has its own mapping power relations in its origins land whether in Milan, France and Spain. Very importantly, each model is not static but in production, as a result of continuous dialectic between its heritage and a reality each day renewed, between its internal forces and external influences, between what he believes, and said to be, and that it expresses every day. In this context, the policy of adaptability, its terms and limits of the unknown and the unexpected becomes crucial to uphold its expectations and defend its political gains
Arji, Mohamed. "La question berbère, le cas du Maroc." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030063.
Full textThe Berber question in Morocco is the problem of connections between the Moroccan national State and its Berber constituent in its linguistic and cultural dimensions this question and more particularly the Berber demands is impossible to clarify so much that it is the object of misunderstandings and passions … Connections between the two main actors of the Berber question: the Moroccan State and the Berber cultural movement evolved in the time. The attitude of the Moroccan State towards the Berber cultural movement has moved from denial through repression and recently we can talk about concessions and the beginning of the institutionalization … This process corresponds to the evolution of the political existence of the social movements including the three steps: the anti-institutional break then the political confrontation and finally the institutional influence. We wonder about a Berber question? Its contents? Its specificity? connections between the Moroccan State and the cultural Berber movement. How the authoritarian monarchic State manages the question of the Berber demand? How the Berber movement answers the domination of the State? How these connections evolved of the negation till the beginning of its institutionalization at present? To encircle well the Berber question we placed it in the regional context and we analyzed its dynamic transnational
Montay, Benoît. "Doctrine des fonctions de l’“Executif”." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020083.
Full textThe analysis of the legal functions of State, as it was developed from the seventeenth century, notably by Locke, has remained generally rather poor and has been subjected to tensions not likely to promote elucidation of the difficulties it raised, particularly in the early days of the French Revolution. The result was a veritable philosophico-juridical vulgate establishing three functions - legislative, jurisdictional, administrative - that do not fit very well with the diversity of the activities of the State, particularly the administrative or "executive" function conceived from an organic point of view as a residual category embracing all the legal acts and material acts of what can only be called "Executive" with the prudence of the quotation marks. The purpose of the thesis is therefore to offer a methodology that could be called "realistic" in order to construct a complete typology of the functions of the Executive by distinguishing the infinite ways of enacting a legal act or committing a material act. At the end of this typology, whose summa divisio opposes the internal functions to the international functions, it appears that this organ exercises or participates more or less in the whole of the activities of the State. From actions to functions and functions to essence, this thesis proposes finally to qualify the nature of an "Executive" which can not be reduced to a mere "power", in the sense in which one usually hears this term, but which is still and above all an "authority", which is now challenged
Morel, Nathalie. "L'Etat face au social: la (re)définition des frontières de l'Etat-providence en Suède.Une analyse des politiques de prise en charge des personnes âgées dépendanteset des jeunes enfants de 1930 à 2005." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00180497.
Full textIndeka, Nkoso Joseph. "Les chefferies ndengese en conflit: dans les interstices de la tradition et de l'Etat, R.D.Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209364.
Full textC’est essentiellement un mode de lecture du fait politique, les chefferies à travers les âges: conditions d’émergence et d’institutionnalisation, sources de légitimité, supports territoriaux et symboliques, fonctionnement réel, enjeux et conflits. L’analyse de tels processus a nécessité la prise en compte de la dispersion des idées politiques dans les institutions sociales et familiales, la religion, la littérature, l’art et l’économie. On n’a pas négligé pourtant, leurs liens à l’ordre social et les rapports avec les structures politico-administratives étatiques dans lesquelles les chefferies sont enchâssées. Cette dissertation a combiné deux grandes perspectives du pouvoir politique :symbolique et sociologique. Dans la perspective symbolique renouvelée, une des entrées principales a été celle de la « mise en scène » du pouvoir, dans des contextes variés, pour assurer sa légitimité. A été ainsi mis en exergue le concept de « traditions », renvoyant aux analyses de Hobsbawm et Ranger (1983). Cette perspective de l’ethnologie classique du pouvoir politique a été complétée par celle de la sociologie politique davantage tournée vers la « domination » au sens wébérien, les enjeux et relation de pouvoir, ainsi que l’étude des comportements des acteurs :stratégies et tactiques individuelles et collectives. On s’est intéressé aux dynamiques politiques locales produites à travers l’interaction entre les facteurs internes et externes, et aux modalités de réception, d’interprétation et d’appropriation afin d’y lire un peu de « sens ». En cela, cette thèse est « une anthropologie des mondes contemporains » (Augé 1994) avec un arrière-fond historique important. Elle a privilégié l’analyse des interactions aussi bien rituelles qu’administratives. Ces regards croisés du pouvoir politique local ont ainsi permis d’articuler ce qu’Olivier de Sardan (2005) appelle « ethnographie classique et socio-anthropologie des espaces publics en Afrique ».
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Dermine, Elise. "Le droit au travail et les politiques d'activation des personnes sans emploi: Une étude critique de l'action du droit international des droits humains dans la recomposition des politiques sociales nationales." Doctoral thesis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/239228.
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Doyon, Jérôme. "Rejuvenating communism : the Communist Youth League as a political promotion channel in post-Mao China." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0029/document.
Full textHow does the Chinese Party-State renew its political elite and maintain its cohesion in the post-Mao era? This is a key question in order to understand the evolution of China’s political system and still the explanations one can find in the literature are far from satisfactory. I approach these questions through a unique account of the role played by the Chinese Communist Youth League (CYL) in terms of cadres’ recruitment and promotion since the 1980s. I show that due to post-Cultural Revolution politics and the need for leaders at the time to recruit loyal young cadres, a “sponsored mobility” system was developed to renew the Party-State’s elite. College students are recruited and trained through the Party’s youth organizations. They are put then on a unique promotion path, which includes specific opportunities and trainings, and which leads them to leadership position in the Party-State. In addition, through the various steps of the sponsored mobility process, the young recruits develop a specific social role as future officials and transform their social circles. As a result, they cultivate a political commitment to their career in the Party-State and to the survival of the regime. Finally, the decentralized nature of the Party-State and its youth organizations make it difficult for the young recruits to establish cohesive groups which could organize against the Party-State itself
Métais, Julie. "Maestros de Oaxaca : ethnographie post-exotique des pratiques et espaces politiques locaux au Mexique." Thèse, Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13594.
Full textBosumbe, Imbata. "Relations entre l'Etat zaïrois et l'Eglise du Christ au Zaïre (1970-1986)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213408.
Full textAundu, Matsanza Guy. "Participation politique et légitimité de l'Etat: de l'instrumentalisation de l'ethnicité par les partis sous la transition politique congolaise." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210206.
Full textMais, le processus d'indépendance a enclenché une ère où il est observé un consentement à son existence et une nouvelle légitimité est accordée à ses structures.
L'étude analyse l'un de ces instruments par lesquels cet Etat, incarné et conservé par le "sommet" sans lien direct avec la base (notamment les communautés ethniques), parvient à nouer des relations avec celle-ci de manière à s'octroyer une nouvelle légitimité.
Cette étude porte donc sur les facteurs utilisés dans le système politique, le régime, le mode ou la procédure d'exercice du pouvoir afin d'améliorer la relation de l'Etat avec sa société. Elle s'intéresse au role de l'ethnicité dans la participation politique qu'animent les partis pour comprendre la légitimité de l'Etat issu de la colonisation auprès des citoyens (autochtones) qui le rejetaient autrefois./
The state in Africa draws its origins from outside. It turned a long time its concerns towards the foreign interests defenses and under colonization, the local ethnic communities on which it exerted its authority never were truly represented in its structures founded on the constraint. This State appears artificial because of its source of legitimacy and its model of authority.
But, the independence process engaged one era where it is observed an assent with its existence and a new legitimacy is granted to its structures.
The study analyzes one of these instruments by which this State, incarnated and preserved by the "top" without direct link with the base (in particular ethnic communities), manages to tie relations with this one so as to grant a new legitimacy.
This study ralates to the factors used in the political system, the mode or the procedure of power exercise in order to improve the relation of the State with its society. It is interested in the ethnicity role in the political participation which the parties animate in order to understand the (African)State legitimacy near the citizens (autochtones) who rejected it formely (colonization period).
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Attindéhou, Olivier-Charles Bernardin. "Penser l'instabilité socio-politique en Afrique subsaharienne. Examen des causes et revendication heuristique : la stabilité par le chaos. Les cas illustratifs de la Côte d'Ivoire et du Rwanda." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3053.
Full textSubsaharan Africa presents itself, involuntarily, like an area in the grip of a succession of crises, conflicts, civil wars. These negative externalities of sociopolitical instability are apprehended, often, by the means of the causal ritual. That's why, the terms "ethnic group", "identity" - when it isn't question of underdevelopment, or the injection of democratic deficit - near the commentators, in a cursory mention, are convened to explain the perceived disorder. Thus, the events of 1994 in Rwanda are brought back to a "ethnic" conflict Hutu/Tutsi; negleging consequently the acuity of the complexity of reality or failing this, that of the convergence of variables. And yet, while going down in this cognitive depth, any observer would note that sociopolitical instability in subsaharan Africa remains a construction in time and space, optimized by the unrepentant desire of power of the political actors. The historical structures, far from being true determinants, take part in the social construction of reality carrying ideas, rules, and practices representational which set up the necessary grammar of the social upheaval. Our present work, not only comes to examine the usually advanced causes, but is also opposed to the culturalist arguments mobilized for the explanation or the comprehension of sociopolitical instability in subsaharan Africa. This is why, we retain that the scientific accuracy related with the comprehension of sociopolitical mechanisitc movement in subsaharan Africa is function of the mode of knowledge of perceived reality. Consequently, we estimate that sociopolitical instability in subsaharan Africa, is an evolutionary dynamic process which, notwhithstanding, the strutural disorder, strives for a relative stationnarity, then absolute before the advent of stability
Millard, Eric. "Famille et droit publicRecherches sur la construction d'un objet juridique." Phd thesis, Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012086.
Full textDelespierre, Adrien. "L'internationalisation des grandes écoles d'ingénieurs françaises : une recomposition de la noblesse d'Etat." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E038/document.
Full textSince the 1980’s, French grandes écoles are undergoing critics announcing the end of a declining educational model, which is condemned to disappear or to adapt itself to requirements of “globalization”. In order to integrate new criteria of excellence, French engineering schools reform their pattern of selection and education, which is traditionally founded on academic values. Through the special characteristics of the French system of grandes écoles, reformers are challenging the traditionally close relationship that binds these institutions to the State. This work is aiming to analyze how engineering schools have changed their structure, their recruitment and educational programs to integrate these injunctions to "internationalize". The study about new forms of competition among engineering schools brings to light that changes in the French model of elite’s reproduction do not upset the national principles of organization and hierarchy. The analysis of international flow of engineering students also leads to nuance the hypothesis of a "global education market" gradually replacing the States. This research finally examines the metamorphoses of what Bourdieu designated as “State Nobility”, and it questions the actual range of its internationalization
Torrekens, Corinne. "La visibilité de l'islam au sein de l'espace public bruxellois: transaction, reconnaissance et identité." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210562.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Robert, Sarah. "Santé et recours aux soins des jeunes en insertion socio-professionnelle : une recherche interventionnelle multicentrique Santé et recours aux soins des jeunes en insertion âgés de 18 à 25 ans suivis en mission locale Effects of systematically offered social and preventive medicine consultation on training and health attitudes of young people not in employment, education or training (NEETs) : an interventional study in France." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS038.
Full textIn France, ‘‘Missions locales’’ are public assistance sites for young people aged 16–25 years who are not in employment, in education or training (NEET). More than 1.4 million NEETs – i.e. ten to fifteen percent of the youth – participate in these sites each year. The main goal of ‘‘Missions locales’’ is to enhance both professional and social insertion – since education, employment, housing and health issues are inseperable. Several international studies have shown that NEETs have poor health status. In France, there were very few quantitative studies on this topic until the PRESAJE survey in 2011, which took place in five ‘’Missions locales’’. Based on data from this survey, we showed that the overall social profile of the NEET population was diverse, with more difficult living conditions than in the general population. Health-related vulnerability factors identified were: low education level; social isolation; insufficient health insurance; low self-esteem; and, low level of trust in institutions. Some of their health indicators were remarkably poor compared to other youth of the same age: more often, they had chronic disease, were overweight or obese, and their mental health status was poor. Despite their poor health, NEETs had less access to health care than the youth of the same age in the general population. This work also has highlighted the importance of having health sites inside ‘‘Missions locales’’. Social and preventive medicine consultations that are fully integrated into the social services for NEETs have an impact on their access to training (and we hope subsequently on their employment), and contribute to changing some of their health-related behaviours
Dubreuil, Benoît. "Des hiérarchies de dominance au gourvernement des hommes: considérations naturalistes sur l'origine de l'Etat." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210708.
Full text1) pourquoi des hommes, capables de culture, ont vécu pendant des centaines de milliers d'années dans des petits groupes de chasseurs-cueilleurs nomades et égalitaires
2) pourquoi l'apparition de sociétés de grande taille au cours du Néolithique s'est systématiquement accompagnée d'une différenciation sociale accrue, de l'apparition de hiérarchies de statuts et, éventuellement, de la centralisation du pouvoir politique.
La réponse proposée est que la taille des sociétés humaines est sensible à un effet de plafonnement. Ceci s'explique par le caractère conditionnel de la coopération humaine et par la mémoire limitée des humains en contexte social. Ce plafonnement de la taille des groupes ne peut être surmonté que si les humains créent des institutions qui permettent une division sociale du travail de sanction, ce qui à son tour dépend de l'émergence chez l'homme d'un langage et d'une théorie de l'esprit complexes. L'argument proposé est de type fonctionnaliste et vise à appuyer les théories en sciences sociales qui s'intéressent à l'évolution de la culture et des formes politiques.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation philosophie
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Milongo, Moukongo Paterne Gervilen. "Comparaison du rôle de la société civile dans le processus de démocratisation en Namibie et au Congo Brazzaville au cours de la période 1989-1994»." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30005.
Full textOne can acknowledge that the democratisation process in Namibia started in 1989 and in Congo Brazzaville in 1990: for the first one it meant freeing itself from the South African rule as the country conquered its independence and established a democratic regime, for the second one, it meant the fall of a one-party rule and installing a multiparty system in a move to democracy. This upheaval phase was made possible through social forces mobilisation, especially trade unions. Our research consists in looking into the role played by these social forces in the process and in questioning their nature, particularly in order to determine whether they form some civil society. In both countries, churches are instrumental in the process. When democracy is introduced, associations flourish. As the first institutions are set, a struggle for power is engaged that soon proves to be critical for civil society, as even their position is challenged ; organisations are under deep stress. Some leaders of these social movements join or head political parties, in a high-risk context. Ethnic or tribal rivalries, as well as regionalism roots in the people's consciousness. If Namibia continues its path to democracy, despite the weakness of civil society and the wounds from the past, the Congo will first fall into civil war before searching for a way towards peace. Civil society, which has collapsed during the conflict, comes back to front stage through the Ecumenical Council of Churches but fails to consolidate democracy