Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sierra Leone – Et l'État'
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Jalloh, Mohamed. "Effondrement et reconstruction de l'Etat : les continuités de la formation de l'Etat sierra léonais." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00878694.
Full textSesay, Mohamed. "La gouvernance sans État : une étude de cas sur les territoires contrôlés par le Front Révolutionnaire Uni en Sierra Leone." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958107.
Full textSesay, Mohamed Kanja. "La gouvernance sans Etat : une étude de cas sur les territoires contrôlés par le front révolutionnaire uni en Sierra Leone." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40043/document.
Full textThe war in Sierra Leone began in 1991 and ended in 2002. Analysts remaindivided on the question of its cause, particularly on the issue of the motivations ofthe rebel Revolutionary United Front (RUF), the armed group which started thehostilities. From its entry into Sierra Leone to date; the RUF has been the subjectof much debate and criticism, both on its organization and its methods of wagingwar. By asking questions relating to the organizational capacity of the RUF, thisstudy aims to contextualize the central arguments often associated with civil warsof the Sierra Leonean kind: they insist on the absence of meaning; these conflictsillustrate a situation of chaos and/or are devoid of political reflections. They arealso the consequence of the absence or failure of a State.This present study continues these discussions in relation to the RUF, bydemonstrating that this guerilla force was not as disorganized as often portrayed,despite increased media coverage on its use of violence. The RUF was not a groupof murderous diamond thieves but also quite structured with a clear hierarchicallogic or ideology. Through this internal organisation, it set up structures toestablish governor/governed relations with urban populations under its control.The rebel force thus established a system to manage these local communities. Suchconsiderations changed the nature of the armed group in the areas under itscontrol, where it established a civil "administrative unit", far from being efficientbut identifiable as such.By juxtaposing the complex interactions of daily governance, the thesishighlights the governance practices of the RUF and the aspects that characterise"normal" life in these « war torn » towns. It analyzes the variables of therelationship between members of the rebel movement occupying these towns andthe local population. Once a town is conquered, the rebels are forced to dosomething there, an "administrative system" establishing an order of coexistence inthe whole area is imposed.The study therefore analyzes the tools of civil governance, mobilized intime of war. During this study, several field research trips to Sierra Leone, wereconducted. These trips have allowed the realization of several interviews,individual and collective. They support the general ideas presented in this thesis
Tawa, Netton Prince. "Les stratégies des anciennes puissances coloniales dans la résolution des conflits armés internes en Afrique après 1994 : Sierra Leone et Côte d’Ivoire." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020048.
Full textHe failure of the United Nations Restore Hope operation in Somalia under the leadership of the United States of America and the 1994 Rwandan genocide altered the Western world's relationship to internal armed conflict in Africa. From an initial desire to strengthen the capacity of African actors to manage conflicts within African states, the Western world adopted a position of disengagement from internal conflict in Africa. The United States’ Presidential Decision Directive 25 of May 3, 1994 and the recommendation of the Belgian Senate of January 28, 1998 are particularly significant in terms of changing the Western world’s attitude in favor of Africa in conflict. However, and "going against the current," the United Kingdom on the one hand and France on the other hand have decided to shoulder their share of historical responsibility in the fate of their former colonies in Africa. For these two former colonial powers, the internal difficulties facing the post-Cold War African states were real challenges which these states needed assistance in dealing with. This commitment on both sides of the Channel helped to stabilize and restore peace in two African states in the Rwandan post-genocide era, namely Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast. How did the United Kingdom and France manage to stabilize Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast and extricate them from seemingly intractable conflicts, given the depth of the differences between the actors? What strategic adjustments did the United Kingdom and France make in their interventionist policies in the context of the resolution of internal armed conflicts in Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast, and what actions did they take to achieve success in both these countries? Through a review of the literature as well as through interviews of diplomats, politicians, military leaders and other actors, this thesis demonstrates how, through a synergy of well-coordinated actions, the United Kingdom and France brought peace and tranquility to Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast. Having done so, these two middle-ranking powers, permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, gave Africa and the world reason to believe in international interventions
Leboeuf, Aline. "La réforme du secteur de sécurité en Sierra Leone." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA01A253.
Full textKandé, Sylvie. "Urbanisme et architecture "créoles" en Sierra Leone (18e-19e siècles)." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070119.
Full textSow, Moustapha Baidy. "Le Tribunal spécial pour la Sierra Leone : entre droit et politique." Reims, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REIMD002.
Full textThe Special Court for Sierra Leone had been set up in Freetown on January 16 th, 2002, thanks to a common initiative of the Sierra Leonan Government and the United Nations. The international agreement signed by both authorities settled a "speciai" international court, constituted by an international and local staff entitled to implement local and international humanitarian law. The Security Council mandated this new International Court to bring to justice the perpetrators of crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious violations of international humanitarian law cormnitted in Sierra Leone since 1996. The establishment (institution) of the Special Court for Sierra Leone has been decided on the basis of remarks notified by the United Nations and made on the functioning of the international Criminal Courts for (former) Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The conclusion of the observations led the UN political authorities to envisage the creation of an International Court, clearly submitted to financial, legal and political constraints. The final outline of this repressive jurisdiction will obey to a new charter specific to ad hoc International Courts, summed up (within) in the following trilogy: "expeditiousness, cost efficiency and effectiveness". This conception of an international penal justice connected with UN political and financial issues, will induce inescapably major legal, judicial and social consequences, which are largely criticised. It is then legitimate to question the prospect of the model of this new international jurisdiction stuck between political constraints and its initial mandate which is to dispense unconditional justice to the victims
Anthony, Edward. "Etude geomorphologique du littoral de la sierra leone." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR10012.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the coastal geomorphology of sierra leone in west africa. Its primary aim is a comprehensive analysis of the morphodynamic framework within which holocene coastal geomorphic units operate. It provides a data base for the protection and rational management of coastal resources. The main geomorphic units are a low coastal terrace of early holocene age emplaced by sheetwash processes on a poorly vegetated surface, prograded beach ridges and mangrove-colonized wetlands that are partly chenier plains. The thesis examines the morphodynamics of coastal progradation and proposes models of quaternary sedimentation and shoreface translation during the holocene
Senno, Antonio. ""Matebeh", quête d'harmonie cosmique et évangélisation chez les Birrwas : le témoignage de la culture Birrwa de la Sierra Leone - Afrique de l'Ouest - et problématique de l'inculturation." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040068.
Full textAny people's culture is a faithful expression of its way of thinking, organizing itself and living. Hence, evangelization loses its force if it does not take into consideration the culture of the people concerned. As regards the birrwas of sierra leone (west africa) the oral culture (profane and sacred) is designed to guide the "meti" (=man) in his search for "matebeh" or tribal, cosmic and religious harmony. Unfortunately, the birrwas' "search for matebeh" is turned towards the ancestral, ritual and mythical past. Consequently, their "search for matebeh" runs the risk of becoming "a hazy myth" which forces the birrwas to live "under outside economic, and religious protection". That does not mean that the birrwa religious culture is bad, or that the evangelizers sent to birrwa territory have to make a "tabula rasa" of it. On the contrary, it constitutes a "praeparatio evangelica" for christ's gospel "in quo omnia constant"
Samgba, Aiah Erastus. "L'enseignant, l'apprenant et la société : Analyse de problèmes relationnels en milieu scolaire dans le cadre de l'enseignement du français en Sierra Leone." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30018.
Full textSesay, Musa Bahazid. "Les biotechniques et les pays en developpement : a propos de la sierra leone." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25192.
Full textKoroma, Regine. "Die morphosyntax des Gola /." Köln : Institut für Afrikanistik. Universität zu Köln, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399385692.
Full textDavidson, Fatmata Z. "Acquisition du sens étranger en milieu plurilingue : Le cas de la Sierra Leone et du Libéria." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA03A098.
Full textTURAY, DAVIDSON TURAY FATMATA. "Acquisition du sens etranger en milieu plurilingue : le cas de la sierra leone et du liberia." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030098.
Full textThe teaching learning of french as a foreign language (ffl), as experienced in liberia and sierra leone, presents a multiplicity of problems, the most complex being the semantico-communicative. Our research is mainly focussed on free expression in the absence of close supervision on the part of the teacher (in conversations, essays, etc. . . ), in situations where several collaterally connected linguistic and psycho-social parameters are considered. Conducted from an observer-participant's viewpoint, and in an everyday situation, this research has enabled us to isolate the factors affecting langage contact in this environment: most of the plurilingual learners acquire three indigenous languages, their official languages (american and british english) as well as their target language (ffl), and are inclined to use complicated processes inorder to negociate meaning. These processes underline the importance of the linguistico-cultural substratum in their verbal interaction. However, educational institutions regard these data as being parenthetic, in their choice of method (approach and textbook). Conclusion : contrary to preconceived ideas, language contact generating cultural plurality is neither inhibitory to non-mother tongue communication, nor to the acquisition of meaning in ffl. The problems to surmount are a function of the degree of efficiency in coping with the constraints and potentials of the environment. Suggestion: there is need to review methodology and professional training, inorder to meet the specific needs in this area
Palliere, Augustin. "" Un sac de riz vide ne tient pas debout ". Dynamiques agraires régionales et marginalisation de la paysannerie sierra-léonaise." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01055562.
Full textGoerg, Odile. "Pouvoir colonial, municipalités et espaces urbains : Etude comparée Conakry-Freetown, des années 1880 à 1914." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070022.
Full textThis dissertation considers three main themes. First the genesis and evolution of municipal institutions in conakry freetown, then a comparative analysis of municipal policies and finally a study of urbanism and public health in these two colonial cities. The idea is to analyse the relationship between the institutions and the policies during colonial times and to measure the respective range of manoeuvre. Beyond differences resulting from history, populations or national features of the two colonizers, the study shows that the policies converge at the end of the xixth c. This can be explained by changes in imperialistic pratices (restriction of self-government) and by the new domination of sanitary concerns (adaptation of segregation schemes)
Goerg, Odile. "Pouvoir colonial, municipalités et espaces urbains : Conakry-Freetown des années 1880 à 1914 /." Paris ; Montréal (Québec) : l'Harmattan, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37065997g.
Full textBonvalot, Sylvain. "Mesures gravimetriques en guinee et en sierra-leone. Modelisation structurale et etude du comportement mecanique de la lithosphere. Etude d'une chaine pericratonique, d'un bombement intraplaque et de marges transformantes." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066047.
Full textGaspar, Abraham Fernando. "Stratégies en dislocation : idées et discours des intellectuels et de l'État sur l'éducation et la culture au début du XXe siècle au Mexique." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0109.
Full textThis study examines the ideas, discourses and practices of educational and cultural policy in Mexico at the beginnning of the twentieth century, within a context of important political transformations and ideological repositionnings among the elites. The study is divided in three parts : the first analyses the policies undertakent by Justo Sierra, Minister of Public Education at the end of Porfirio Diaz's regime. Based in a reading of the main texts produced between 1908 and 1919, the second part gives an account of the debates and the ideological changes that took place in such period. The third part reviews the programme implemented by Jose Vasconselos, Minister of Education during Alvaro Obregon's presidency. In this way, the study poses that the creation of educational institutions and the State's attempt to legitimise its control of knowledge within society set the basis of the educational and cultural policy in the twentieth century
Guematcha, Emmanuel. "Les commissions vérité et les violations droits de l’homme et du droit international humanitaire." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100202.
Full textIn time of transition or in post conflict situations, many truth Commissions have been increasingly created within many States to deal with a past caracterised by many human rights and international humanitarian law violations. Because they are dedicated to investigate violations of established rules of international law, the question emerge on their relationships with international law. Their formal characteristics and their flexibility, their use of international law and the focus and attention they give to the victims of these violations, make them appear to be an innovative mean allowing specific review of violations of human rights and international humanitarian law. However, because there are non-judicial bodies and taking into consideration the developments of international law, they raise questions about responsibility for these violations and international obligations of the State in this regard, and lead to the requirement of prosecution and the implementation of criminal liability for the serious violations they reported
Balma, Lacina. "Essais sur les Investissements Publiques, Mécanismes de Financement et Croissance dans les Pays en Développement : Interactions et Rôle des Facteurs Structurels." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0113/document.
Full textThis dissertation seeks to study the public investment-financing-growth linkages whileeliciting the role of structural economic conditions. First, through an alternative scenario ofimproved structural economic conditions (efficiency and absorptive capacity) and comparing witha baseline scenario, we find that the growth potential is higher than the baseline. Consequently,stabilizing debt does not require painful fiscal consolidation. Second, through an aggressiveinvestment scaling-up scenario that builds on commercial borrowing in anticipation of future oilrevenue, we find that the economy is subject to absorptive capacity constraints and ultimately toDutch disease effects that affect negatively the non-oil GDP growth in the short run. Moreover,we find that structural reforms that address absorptive capacity constraints and inefficienciestranslate into sizable and sustainable increase in public capital. This in turn has a positive spillovereffect in terms of additional growth in the non-resource GDP. Third, we find that implementationdelays can offset the standard negative wealth effect from an increase in government investmentspending in the long run. Also, high-yielding public investment can substantially create positivewealth effect in the long run, raise output and enable private consumption and investment to fallless. Finally, we simulate a 40-percent across-the-board increase in public spending for primaryeducation, financed by an increase in taxes on household income and indirect taxes. We find thatthe two financing mechanisms, not only leads to an increase in the welfare but also to a decline inthe incidence of poverty for all household types. However, the indirect tax-based financing leadsto smaller outcomes compared to the income tax-based financing
Ndiaye, Papa Samba. "Entre contraintes et bonnes intentions: Les difficultés des organisations internationales africaines dans le domaine du maintien de la paix. L’exemple de la communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO) en Côte d’Ivoire et ailleurs (Libéria, Sierra Leone, Guinée Bissau) de 1990 à 2003." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20190.
Full textKaboré, Daouda. "Organisations internationales, démilitarisation de la vie politique et construction de la démocratie en Afrique de l’ouest (Côte d’Ivoire, Libéria, Sierra Léone) : 1990-2011." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100001/document.
Full textSince 1990, the West African states face insecurity and the struggle for armed conflict resolution. They are mostly destabilized by military coup. International community support Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia and Sierra Leone in the research of conflict solutions and the building of democratic institutions in the African states. Instead of the interference of the international organization in the African’s internal affairs and the strategies adopted, the insecurity continues to be a real problem for the stability of the sub-region. The states continue to be fragile. According to the assistance of UNO specialized agencies, an international Non-Government Organization (INGO) network is built around the assistance activities, to support the consequences of the armed conflicts. The INGO make the most of the opportunities to reinforce their position in the state and to create others activities to improve their business. Despite all positions of ECOWAS, African unity organization, and African Union to prevent conflicts and to find mechanisms of the management and peaceful solution, the states are not able to build a long term peace. The member states make the most opportunity of the insecurity of the sub region. Theirs strategies are to protect their own interests instead of finding solutions for peace. This behavior and the incoherence in theirs peace-actions continue to be subjects of discussion. This makes think another approach of conflict resolution in Africa. My research is to analyze the strategies of the international organizations, their strength and their weakness in peacekeeping and the capacity-building of African democratic institutions
La, Rosa Aurélie. "Le concept d'enfant soldat et la Cour Pénale Internationale." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL20006.
Full textSince the end of the 20th century, the eyes of the international community have been focused on the utilization of child soldier in armed conflicts. The proliferation of small arms and light weapons, of poverty, and especially of non international armed conflicts, are crucial factors underlying the phenomenon. Numerous rights of the child protection instruments plan the ban on recruiting and using children as soldiers in hostilities. Despite the normative gaps that emerge, regarding in particular the hiring age of the child soldier, important efforts have been provided by the whole international community. These efforts are going to be completed by the International Criminal Court, in particular with the Thomas Lubanga case, first person brought before the Court, under the unique charge of war crime, namely enlisting or conscripting children under the age of fifteen years, and using them to participate actively in hostilities. This first historical verdict sets up a novel and founding case law regarding war crimes of enlistment and use of child soldiers, which legacy may make other proceedings easier on a national level. If the child soldier appears as a victim, he is also a player in hostilities. When dealing with the child soldier phenomenon, a confusion is quite often made between two antonyms : victim and executioner. How does the international law treat the criminal liability of the child soldier ? Are we witnessing the generalization of a status or, at least, a common denominator ?
De, Montigny Chentale. "Victimes et bourreaux : quelle protection pour les enfants combattants?" Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1783/1/M9290.pdf.
Full textDarius, Émile. "Réflexion de politique pénale sur la responsabilité et le traitement des enfants soldats, auteurs de crimes internationaux à la lumière de l'expérience de la Sierra Leone." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1306/1/M10103.pdf.
Full textDutton, Laura A. "Evaluating the criteria for successful elections in post-conflict countries : a case study including Iraq, Sierra Leone, and Bosnia and Herzegovina." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5281.
Full textPrevious research on post-conflict elections has found several criteria important in determining if an area is ready to hold elections and whether or not it is likely to succeed. Although rarely ranked in any determination of importance, several concepts are present in most post-conflict election research. Additionally, there is not an agreed set of standard criteria upon which success can be assumed. When researching the post-conflict election literature two questions arise: (1) is there a set of criteria established to determine if an area is ready to conduct post-conflict elections, and (2) do all criteria need to be present in order to ensure successful post-conflict elections? Most research agrees on common criteria but highlights or researches one dominant criterion, to which is then often attributed to the success of an election. This is found in Krishna Kumar’s focus on international assistance (Kumar, 1998), Staffan Lindberg’s attribution of success to repetition of the election process (Lindberg, 2006), Paul Collier’s focus on per capita income (Collier, 2009), and Marie-Soleil Frere’s research on post-conflict elections and the media (Frere, 2011). When reviewing multiple research sources, it is likely several factors at various times and in various elections will be credited with being the single source criterion for success. This kind of past research is well supported and conclusively argued, but still fails to provide a scope of understanding outside of a single event. In other words, it is case specific and not comparatively applicable across cases. Although this thesis does not intend to “McDonaldize” (Ritzer, 2009) the process of democratization, it does propose to define a common set of criteria necessary, even if in varying degrees, to conduct successful elections in post-conflict environments.
Carette, Alexandre. "Mercenaires et sociétés militaires privées depuis la fin de la guerre froide : analyse de la recrudescence de l'industrie militaire privée." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17472.
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