Journal articles: 'Sierra Leone Society'

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Lambourne, Wendy. "Towards Sustainable Peace and Development in Sierra Leone: Civil Society and the Peacebuilding Commission." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 4, no. 2 (September 2008): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2008.630221763481.

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The Sierra Leone civil war that ended in January 2002 was particularly brutal and left the country economically devastated. Four-and-a-half years later, Sierra Leone was selected as one of two countries to receive focussed attention from the newly created United Nations Peacebuilding Commission (PBC). The PBC is mandated to support post-conflict recovery and sustainable development with the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including civil society. Drawing on field research and theories of sustainable peacebuilding and the role of civil society, this paper assesses the PBC's performance in Sierra Leone in its first year of operation. The article concludes that the PBC needs to clarify its priorities in relation to civil society participation in order to fulfil its potential to assist governments in promoting sustainable peace and development.

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Keefer, Katrina H. B. "Poro on Trial: The 1913 Special Commission Court case of Rex v. Fino, Bofio and Kalfalla." African Studies Review 61, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 56–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2018.6.

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Abstract:In 1913, a Special Commission Court in Sierra Leone saw a series of trials concerning members of the Human Leopard Society, and conflated this society with the regional Poro Society. This article examines one of those trials and unearths motivations for murder and questions of bias. With the reinvention of identity in the shadow of slavery, a nuanced and complicated picture emerges of the situation. Though more questions than answers are offered by the details of the case, this article problematizes Sierra Leone under British authority, and shows a nuanced snapshot of power struggles playing out in a murder trial.

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Mouser, Bruce. "Origins of Church Missionary Society Accommodation to Imperial Policy: The Sierra Leone Quagmire and the Closing of the Susu Mission, 1804-17." Journal of Religion in Africa 39, no. 4 (2009): 375–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/002242009x12537559494278.

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AbstractA series of events in 1807 changed the mission of the early Church Missionary Society in Sierra Leone from one that was designed initially and solely to spread the Christian message in the interior of West Africa to one that included service to the Colony of Sierra Leone. Before 1807, the Society had identified the Susu language as the appointed language to be used in its conversion effort, and it intended to establish an exclusively Susu Mission—in Susu Country and independent of government attachment—that would prepare a vanguard of African catechists and missionaries to carry that message in the Susu language. In 1807, however, the Society's London-based board and the missionaries then present at Sierra Leone made a strategic shift of emphasis to accept government protection and support in return for a bargain of government service, while at the same time continuing with earlier and independent goals of carrying the message of Christianity to native Africans. That choice prepared the Society and its missionaries within a decade to significantly increase the Society's role in Britain's attempt to bring civilization, commerce and Christianity to the continent, and to do it within the confines of imperial policy.

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4

Douglas, G. "Nigerian Natural History Archives, Linnean Society of London." African Research & Documentation 55 (1991): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00015855.

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The Society's manuscript holdings date back to those of Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) and among those of his pupils, Thunberg, Sparrman, Solander, and Osbeck all travelled down the West Coast of Africa en route to India, the Far East and Australia. Afzelius was the only one to explore the natural history of West Africa, landing in Sierra Leone, but there is no known material recorded from Guinea. The only specific reference in the Linnaean archives is an undated hand-written note with a description of a monkey “…ex Costa Guinea”.The Society was founded in 1788 and holds the papers of its precursor: the Society for the promotion of Natural History. These include an account of the Harmattan by Henry Smeathmam. His account of the Tarantula is among the Linnean Society papers, but both probably refer to Sierra Leone where Smeathmam collected.

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Douglas, G. "Nigerian Natural History Archives, Linnean Society of London." African Research & Documentation 55 (1991): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00015855.

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The Society's manuscript holdings date back to those of Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) and among those of his pupils, Thunberg, Sparrman, Solander, and Osbeck all travelled down the West Coast of Africa en route to India, the Far East and Australia. Afzelius was the only one to explore the natural history of West Africa, landing in Sierra Leone, but there is no known material recorded from Guinea. The only specific reference in the Linnaean archives is an undated hand-written note with a description of a monkey “…ex Costa Guinea”.The Society was founded in 1788 and holds the papers of its precursor: the Society for the promotion of Natural History. These include an account of the Harmattan by Henry Smeathmam. His account of the Tarantula is among the Linnean Society papers, but both probably refer to Sierra Leone where Smeathmam collected.

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Richards, Paul. "Ebola and COVID-19 in Sierra Leone: comparative lessons of epidemics for society." Journal of Global History 15, no. 3 (November 2020): 493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022820000303.

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AbstractThis case study focuses on two epidemic diseases in Sierra Leone. Ebola in 2014–15 drew international response, but was contained within the Upper West African region. COVID-19 reached Sierra Leone in April 2020 as part of a global pandemic. Local social knowledge has been an important factor in shaping responses to both diseases. In the case of Ebola, infection was concentrated in families, and responders needed a good knowledge of family interactional dynamics. COVID-19 is a more public disease. Responders have to assess risk factors in workplaces, markets, and places of worship. Comparing and contrasting the two cases also draws attention to different aspects of the historical context. Ebola response indexes Sierra Leone’s history as a humanitarian project associated with the abolition of the slave trade. The pandemic challenge of COVID-19 draws attention to Sierra Leone’s nodal position within a global diaspora rooted in Atlantic slavery and emancipation. Responders are forced to consider the ways in which the two infections articulate different aspects of calls for global social justice.

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Galli, Stefania, and Klas Rönnbäck. "Colonialism and rural inequality in Sierra Leone: an egalitarian experiment." European Review of Economic History 24, no. 3 (November 27, 2019): 468–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ereh/hez011.

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Abstract We analyze the level of inequality in rural Sierra Leone in the early colonial period. Previous research has suggested that the colony was established under highly egalitarian ideals. We examine whether these ideals also are reflected in the real distribution of wealth in the colony. We employ a newly assembled dataset extracted from census data in the colony in 1831. The results show that rural Sierra Leone exhibited one of the most equal distributions of wealth so far estimated for any preindustrial rural society.

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Fyle, C. Magbaily. "Oral Tradition and Sierra Leone History." History in Africa 12 (1985): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171712.

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This paper attempts to examine specific problems encountered with the collection and interpretation of oral traditions in Sierra Leone and ways in which these were approached. I will suggest with examples that problems facing oral traditions are not always peculiar to them, as the researcher with written sources faces some similar problems.Much has been said about methodology in collecting oral tradition for it to warrant much discussion here. One point that has been, brought out, however, is that methods which work well for one situation might prove disastrous or unproductive in another. It is thus necessary to bring out specific examples of situations encountered so as to improve our knowledge of the possible variety of approaches that could be used, while emphasizing that the researcher, as a detective, should have enough room for initiative.For the past eight years, I have been collecting oral histories from among the Yalunka (Dialonke) and Koranko of Upper Guinea, both southern Mande peoples, and the Limba and Temne, grouped under the ‘West Atlantic.’ Extensive exploration into written sources has indicated that similar problems arise in both cases. In both situations, the human problem was evident. For the oral traditionist this problem is more alive as he is dealing first hand with human beings. A number of factors therefore, like his appearance, approach to his informants, his ability to ‘identify’ with the society in question, may affect the information he receives. These could provide reasons for distortion which are not necessarily present with written sources.

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Dumbuya, Peter Alpha. "The Challenge of Constructing Citizenship in a Multiracial Society in Postcolonial Sierra Leone." Journal of West African History 8, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/jwestafrihist.8.2.0077.

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Abstract Sixty-one years after Sierra Leone regained its independence from Britain in April 1961, the issue of citizenship remains divisive and fraught with negative political implications for persons seeking elective and appointive political offices. John Joseph Akar, born in the then Protectorate of a Lebanese father who was himself born in Senegal and a Sierra Leonean mother, challenged the constitutionality of amendments to the Independence Constitution that altered the criterion for citizenship from one based on birth (jus soli) to one based on “Negro African descent” (jus sanguinis). Enacted less than a year after independence, the new constitutional provisions appealed to a kind of xenophobic nationalism that undercut the country's multicultural character. In this article I argue that the economic success, in particular that of the Lebanese in the colonial period, put them at odds with Sierra Leone's emerging political elites. Prior to independence these elites used restrictive immigration laws to limit the entry and participation of the Lebanese and other non-indigenes in the country's political and economic affairs. After independence there was no better place to institutionalize such limitations and discrimination than in the postcolonial constitution, which the British helped construct to unify the Colony and Protectorate of Sierra Leone.

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Davies, Glyn, and Bastian Birkenhäger. "Jentink's duiker in Sierra Leone: evidence from the Freetown Peninsula." Oryx 24, no. 3 (July 1990): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060530003386x.

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Jentink's duiker, Africa's rarest duiker, was reported to be common in Sierra Leone at the turn of the century, but subsequent investigations failed to find evidence of the animal's presence. In 1988, as part of a faunal survey organized by the Conservation Society of Sierra Leone, the authors discovered that the duiker definitely occurred there and that some had been recently killed. Although this finding extends the known range of the species, the duiker is rare and remains poorly known. There were recommendations to protect the forests of the Freetown Peninsula even before the presence of the duiker was confirmed and these are now reinforced.

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Luke, David Fashole, and Stephen P. Riley. "The Politics of Economic Decline in Sierra Leone." Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 1 (March 1989): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00015676.

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The fact that Sierra Leone is one of Africa's little-known states is an acknowledgement of its marginalisation and reversal of fortunes since independence from Britain in 1961. But this observation is also a reminder that under colonial rule, Sierra Leone had received considerable notoriety for several reasons: an important naval base, commercial centre, and seaport; a hot-bed of political agitation and perennial challenge to British authority; and a centre of education – the so-called ‘Athens of West Africa’.1 In more recent times, however, Sierra Leone jas not caught the attention of international commentators and the world press. It has not achieved the strategic or international political significance of such major African states as Algeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Nigeria, Zambia, or Zimbabwe. And looking back to the 1950s and 1960s, it was not led to independence by the charismatic persona of a Kwame Nkrumah, who hoped to achieve the rapid transformation of Ghana to a modern industrial economy and society, ot by a romantic like Julius Nyerere, who hoped to turn Tanzanian peasants into citizens of modern communes.

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Ahmadu, Fuambai Sia. "Empowering Girls in Sierra Leone: Initiation into the Bondo Society." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 31, no. 2 (February 2010): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dbp.0b013e3181d55a5d.

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13

Kande, Sylvie. "Women and the Amistad Connection--Sierra Leone Krio Society (review)." Research in African Literatures 35, no. 4 (2004): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ral.2004.0091.

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14

Brunel, Sylvie. "Sierra Leone : les difficultés du développement dans une société en armes (Sierra Leone : problems for development in an armed society)." Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français 79, no. 2 (2002): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bagf.2002.2273.

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15

Bangura, Mohamed. "Socio-Legal Inquiry of Intellectual Property Law and the Neocolonised Legal Profession in Freetown, Sierra Leone." International Journal of Law and Politics Studies 4, no. 2 (December 12, 2022): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijlps.2022.4.2.14.

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The social task facing the Freetown, Sierra Leone legal profession requires that such a professional field should be made to metamorphose and expand in line with its growing demands and expectation. This makes Intellectual Property Law an essential relation of the Neocolonised Legal Profession in Freetown, Sierra Leone. An exploration of the socio-legal approach to the relationship between intellectual property law and the Neocolonised legal professional law in Freetown is, in plain terms, highly complex. This complexity is occasioned by the very absence, very weak theoretical construct, limited attention to creativity and novelty of Intellectual Property law as a discipline and Intellectual Property Lawyers as legal practitioners. This paper is based on the main objective of examining the sociological nature of Intellectual Property Law and the operation of the Neocolonised legal profession within the framework of society. In the methodology of this paper, respondents (163) were judgementally selected, examined the socio-legal inquiry strategically on the linkage between Intellectual Property Law and the Neocolonised legal professional law and assessed its relevance and contributions to Freetown municipal income and social growth. The data analysis draws into focus the sociological inquiry on the linkage between Intellectual Property Law and the Neocolonised legal professional law in Freetown, Sierra Leone and how both of them reinforce each other in the singular sociological mission of serving society and humanity. The findings distinguish Intellectual Property Law as both a distinct and independent field of socio-legal scholarship, filling the socio-legal lacuna in Freetown, Sierra Leone, and augment national economic growth. The paper concludes that there is a very weak linkage between Intellectual Property Law and the Neocolonised legal professional law in Freetown, Sierra Leone; The lack of a deeper understanding of Intellectual Property Law and the fact that very little attention is accorded to it by the national government and other key socio-legal actors. The researcher, therefore, recommends that there is a need for an effort to employ a comprehensive conception of law that will foster a pluralistic framework; legal pluralism should incorporate all shades of law, including Intellectual Property Law.

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Hindowa Batilo Momoh and Alhaji Mustapha Javombo. "Rebuilding war-ravaged institutions: UNDP capacity strengthening of the Sierra Leone house of parliament (2007-2018)." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 070–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.12.3.0218.

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Post-war reconstruction and institutional rebuilding can be arduous and grueling. This is the case in countries where brutal civil conflicts completely destroyed the infrastructure of the state and its institutions, massified society, ransacked and pillaged properties, looted and plundered the economy, and created social insecurity and uncertainties. This was the state of affairs in Sierra Leone in 2002 when the civil war officially came to an end. The state institutional framework was broken, and central government had to rely on the donor community to rebuild and reconstruct the war-ravaged country. The overarching objective of this paper is to examine UNDP’s financial and technical support especially to one of the three arms of government-the House of Parliament in Sierra Leone. UNDP’s contribution to reform the Sierra Leone parliament and bring it up to speed has been overwhelming and strikingly noteworthy. The article demonstrates the fundamental role Parliaments play in the consolidation of both nascent and established democracies and how the institution empowers ordinary citizens to participate in the policies that shape their lives. This article concludes that the structural and institutional reforms put in place in the Sierra Leone’s House of Parliament by the UN Agency has the potential to strengthen and consolidate the budding democracy in the country.

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Bosco Bangura, Joseph. "Charismatic Movements, State Relations and Public Governance in Sierra Leone." Studies in World Christianity 23, no. 3 (December 2017): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2017.0194.

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Sierra Leone has seen the rise of Charismatic movements that are bringing about greater levels of co-operation with the state. This new church development aims at renewing the Christian faith and projecting a more proactive role towards public governance. This ecclesial development shows that African Pentecostal/Charismatic theology appears to be moving away from the perceived isolationist theology that once separated the church from involvement with the rest of society. By reapplying the movement's eschatological beliefs, Charismatics are presenting themselves as moral crusaders who regard it as their responsibility to transform public governance. The article probes this relationship so that the Charismatic understanding of poverty, prosperity, good governance and socio-economic development in Sierra Leone can be more clearly established.

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Williams, David, and Tom Young. "Civil Society and the Liberal Project in Ghana and Sierra Leone." Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 6, no. 1 (March 2012): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2012.655565.

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Amman, John, and James O'Donnell. "THE SIERRA LEONE TEACHERS UNION: LABOR IN A POST-CONFLICT SOCIETY." WorkingUSA 14, no. 1 (March 2011): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-4580.2011.00320.x.

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Aljets, Diana, Betsie Chacko, and Maria Jessop. "The Ripe Moment for Civil Society." International Negotiation 13, no. 1 (2008): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138234008x297977.

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AbstractThis article explores whether and how civil society engagement in a peace process can 'ripen' the conditions and facilitate the success of a peace process. The activities and methods of the Inter-religious Council of Sierra Leone are examined for their impact on each stage of the peace process with a view to shedding light on how civil society can help create the ripe conditions for formal peace negotiations, be an effective participant in negotiations, as well as improve the sustainability of a peace agreement.

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Batty, Fodei, and Fredline M’Cormack-Hale. "“Do not Disturb the Peace!” Identities, Livelihoods and the Politics of Post-War Discontent in Sierra Leone." Journal of Asian and African Studies 54, no. 4 (February 10, 2019): 533–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909618825355.

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Although the collective memory of war is frequently invoked in post-war societies, who chooses to invoke it and to what effect has been less studied relative to other aspects of such societies. In this article we employ a case study of Sierra Leone to address this deficit in the post-conflict scholarship by illustrating how the collective memory of that country’s civil war is appropriated by diverse actors in the post-war society. Drawing from field interviews, we present evidence showing how, and why, several societal groups constituted as distinct post-war identities such as victims-rights groups, former defenders of the state, or perpetrators of the violence during the Sierra Leone civil war articulate dissatisfactions with their livelihoods and the reactions of state officials to their demands. The article explains why, and how, successive governments have selectively suppressed the discontent of some groups over livelihood insecurities that are construed as threats to public order while ignoring violent protests from other groups over similar issues, in spite of a 1965 public order act restricting protests. Thus, the article argues that state officials in Sierra Leone have not demonstrated superior commitment to peacebuilding than societal groups that make demands on the state.

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van Gaalen, Melissa D., Merel van der Stelt, Jonathan H. Vas Nunes, and Lars Brouwers. "People with amputations in rural Sierra Leone: the impact of 3D-printed prostheses." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 6 (June 2021): e236213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-236213.

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We report the case of a man with a transhumeral amputation in a rural area of Sierra Leone. The patient had fractured his humerus during a football match. Due to lack of transportation and medical centres nearby, the patient was seen by a traditional healer. Although the traditional healer expected the fractured bone to heal within 3 days, the open fracture became infected. This finally resulted in a transhumeral amputation. The patient began to have a lack of self-confidence and felt excluded from society. He could not afford a conventionally fabricated prosthesis. Fourteen years later, the patient received a lightweight three-dimensional-printed arm prosthesis developed at the Masanga Hospital. The patient was very satisfied because the prosthesis met his criteria of aesthetics and functionality. His story highlights the socioeconomic hardship of being a person with an amputation in Sierra Leone and the need for affordable technological solutions.

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Acemoglu, Daron, Tristan Reed, and James A. Robinson. "Chiefs: Economic Development and Elite Control of Civil Society in Sierra Leone." Journal of Political Economy 122, no. 2 (April 2014): 319–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/674988.

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Datzberger, Simone. "Peace building and the depoliticisation of civil society: Sierra Leone 2002–13." Third World Quarterly 36, no. 8 (August 3, 2015): 1592–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1043990.

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Balley, Mohamed. "Determinants of fertility in a rural society: Some evidence from Sierra Leone." Social Science & Medicine 28, no. 3 (January 1989): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(89)90272-4.

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Mbah, Ndubueze L. "The Black Englishmen of Old Calabar." Radical History Review 2022, no. 144 (October 1, 2022): 45–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-9847802.

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Abstract This article recovers the Afropolitan histories of Liberated Africans by examining their mobility and freedom politics. Liberated Africans enacted Afropolitanism when they returned from Sierra Leone to Old Calabar and fashioned themselves into Black Englishmen. Their Afropolitanism incorporated a dissident mode of Anglo-cosmopolitanism, thereby undermining orthodox British visions of imperial subjecthood. In using petitions to British authorities to assert their identity as British subjects, they secured their precarious freedom but challenged British monopoly of the Bight of Biafra’s transatlantic palm oil trade. Rather than being mere recipients of abolition, Liberated Africans refashioned abolition. They used forged “freedom papers” to emancipate, repossess, and traffic slaves from Old Calabar society while defending their behavior as “redemption” of slaves. Contrary to imperial fixity of African subjects, Liberated Africans evinced an Afropolitan vision of belonging. They simultaneously claimed to be natives of Sierra Leone and Old Calabar. Their contradictory ideologies and practices mitigated their marginality and confounded African elites and British imperial agents.

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Dixon-Fyle, Mac. "The Saro in the political life of early Port Harcourt, 1913–49." Journal of African History 30, no. 1 (March 1989): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700030917.

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The western-educated Krio population of Sierra Leone participated in British imperial activity along the West African coast in the nineteenth century. Facing a far more complex ethnic configuration than their counterparts in Yorubaland, the Sierra Leoneans (Saro) in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, acquired much influence through the manipulation of class and ethnic relations. Though most Saro here had a modest education and were working-class, a few came to form the cream of the petty-bourgeoisie and were active in economic life and city administration. Potts-Johnson, arguably their most famous member, developed a flair for operating in his middle-class world, and also in the cultural orbit of the local and immigrant working-class. I. B. Johnson, another prominent Saro, lacked this quality. Though presenting a homogenous ethnic front, celebrated in the Sierra Leone Union and in church activity, Saro society was sharply polarized on class lines, a weakness not to be lost on the numerically superior and ambitious indigenous population. Faced with a choice, the indigenes opted for the avuncular Potts-Johnson, for whom they felt a greater social affinity than for the more distant I. B. Johnson. After Potts-Johnson, however, no Saro was to be allowed scope to develop a similar appeal.

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Stovel, Laura. "‘There's no bad bush to throw away a bad child’: ‘tradition’-inspired reintegration in post-war Sierra Leone." Journal of Modern African Studies 46, no. 2 (May 14, 2008): 305–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x08003248.

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ABSTRACTGovernment and civil society leaders in African transitional states often use rituals and expressions inspired by tradition to facilitate the integration of ex-combatants and displaced people. In Sierra Leone, the expression ‘There's no bad bush to throw away a bad child’, conveys a vision of African society as inherently forgiving and inclusive, and of Africans as needing to be amongst their own people. This ideal was perfectly suited for the needs of an impoverished state seeking to ease the strain on cities, and relying on communities' organic capacities to absorb their own people. This research draws on interviews with diverse Sierra Leoneans to examine the assumptions behind this communitarian ideal. It argues that while ‘There is no bad bush … ’ promotes a form of reconciliation defined as peaceful coexistence, it lacks the elements of justice required for deep reconciliation to occur.

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Cook, Laurence M., Michael Dockery, and Dmitri V. Logunov. "The Lepidoptera collection from Sierra Leone of Lieutenant Ellis Leech in the Manchester Museum." Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 158, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/m00138908.1582.4131.

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We discuss a small collection of butterflies and other insects presented to the Manchester Museum in 1904. It was made by an officer of the colonial administration in Sierra Leone. The collector, Ellis Joynson Leech, was a member of a family that had established itself as part of Manchester society during the 19th century. The Museum also has donations made by two other family members. Their varied contributions may help to explain some of the anomalies in the insect collection.

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Buzas, Martin A. "Presentation of the Charles Schuchert Award of The Paleontological Society to Stephen J. Culver." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 4 (July 1993): 690–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000025099.

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Stephen J. Culver was born, nurtured, and educated in the United Kingdom. Both his bachelor's and doctoral degrees are from the University of Wales, Swansea, where he had the good fortune to study with the eminent micropaleontologist Fred Banner. Jobs for paleontologists are, evidently, perennially scarce, and in 1976 when he earned his Ph.D., he was unemployed. Consequently, he began his career by driving a lorry. Fortunately for all of us, he quickly learned that his training did not uniquely qualify him for this endeavor. Within a year he secured a post as Lecturer in Geology at the University of Sierra Leone.

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Edwards, Nancy C. "Traditional mende society in Sierra Leone a sociocultural basis for a quantitative research study." Health Care for Women International 10, no. 1 (January 1989): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07399338909515834.

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Tamba M'bayo, Ritchard. "Media and state governance in a post-conflict society: The case of Sierra Leone." Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies 34, no. 2 (July 2013): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02560054.2013.772530.

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Boersch-Supan, Johanna. "The generational contract in flux: intergenerational tensions in post-conflict Sierra Leone." Journal of Modern African Studies 50, no. 1 (February 27, 2012): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x11000590.

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ABSTRACTIntergenerational solidarity and reciprocity are fundamental building blocks of any society. Simultaneously, socio-generational groups constantly struggle for influence and authority. In Africa, disproportionately male, gerontocratic and patrimonial systems governing economic, social and political life lend a special explosiveness to the social cleavage of generation. This paper draws on the concept of the generational contract to explore whether Sierra Leone's civil war – labelled a ‘revolt of youth’ – catalysed changes in the power asymmetries between age groups. I argue that youth question fundamental norms of intergenerational relations, and challenge local governance structures demanding changes to the generational contract. Amidst a strong continuity of gerontocratic dominance and counter-strategies from elders, youth draw on organisational forms and a local human rights discourse to create spaces for contestation and negotiation. These openings hold potential for long-term rearrangements of societal relations.

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Keefer, Katrina H. B. "The First Missionaries of The Church Missionary Society in Sierra Leone, 1804–1816: A Biographical Approach." History in Africa 44 (May 22, 2017): 199–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2017.5.

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Abstract:Many early records in West Africa arise from missionary accounts. While they may contain rich ethnographic data, this detail should be approached only after analysis and consideration of the authors of the sources in question. In early Sierra Leone, important data was recorded on behalf of the English evangelical Church Missionary Society, but the missionaries reporting on the ground comprised an insufficiently studied group of German-speaking Pietist Lutherans originating from central and northern Europe. This article analyzes the authors of this information in order to approach their accounts with a better appreciation of existing bias and to better engage with how diverse sociocultural perspectives affect the historical record.

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Fanthorpe, R., and R. Maconachie. "Beyond the 'Crisis of Youth'? Mining, farming, and civil society in post-war Sierra Leone." African Affairs 109, no. 435 (February 17, 2010): 251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adq004.

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Odland, Maria Lisa, Khadija Gassama, Tahir Bockarie, Haja Wurie, Rashid Ansumana, Miles D. Witham, Oyinlola Oyebode, Lisa R. Hirschhorn, and Justine I. Davies. "Cardiovascular disease risk profile and management among people 40 years of age and above in Bo, Sierra Leone: A cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): e0274242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274242.

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Introduction Access to care for cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDRFs) in low- and middle-income countries is limited. We aimed to describe the need and access to care for people with CVDRF and the preparedness of the health system to treat these in Bo, Sierra Leone. Methods Data from a 2018 household survey conducted in Bo, Sierra Leone, was analysed. Demographic, anthropometric and clinical data on CVDRF (hypertension, diabetes mellitus or dyslipidaemia) from randomly sampled individuals 40 years of age and above were collected. Future risk of CVD was calculated using the World Health Organisation–International Society of Hypertension (WHO-ISH) calculator with high risk defined as >20% risk over 10 years. Requirement for treatment was based on WHO package of essential non-communicable (PEN) disease guidelines (which use a risk-based approach) or requiring treatment for individual CVDRF; whether participants were on treatment was used to determine whether care needs were met. Multivariable regression was used to test associations between individual characteristics and outcomes. Data from the most recent WHO Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) were used to create a score reflecting health system preparedness to treat CVDRF, and compared to that for HIV. Results 2071 individual participants were included. Most participants (n = 1715 [94.0%]) had low CVD risk; 423 (20.6%) and 431 (52.3%) required treatment based upon WHO PEN guidelines or individual CVDRF, respectively. Sixty-eight (15.8%) had met-need for treatment determined by WHO guidelines, whilst 84 (19.3%) for individual CVDRF. Living in urban areas, having education, being older, single/widowed/divorced, or wealthy were independently associated with met need. Overall facility readiness scores for CVD/CVDRF care for all facilities in Bo district was 16.8%, compared to 41% for HIV. Conclusion The number of people who require treatment for CVDRF in Sierra Leone is substantially lower based on WHO guidelines compared to CVDRF. CVDRF care needs are not met equitably, and facility readiness to provide care is low.

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Fofanah, Ibrahim Mustapha, Philip Foday Yamba Thulla, and Samba Moriba. "Practitioners and Uses of Contemporary Mende Folk literature in South-Eastern Sierra Leone." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, no. 6 (November 5, 2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0157.

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The study examined the practitioners and uses of contemporary Mende folk literature in South-eastern Sierra Leone. A qualitative research design involving 250 participants from 50 communities with 5 participants from each community was used in the study. Interviews were carried out using interview guide questions relating to folk practices, performance, and uses in the selected communities. Focus group discussions followed the interviews in 10 communities selected using simple random techniques. The findings revealed that Mende folk literature was endangered and, apart from occasional singing, household story-telling and riddling sessions done mainly by children and women, the only groups of people recognized as practitioners of Mende folk literature were the tribal and secret society heads and the community's griots, who mostly were elderly people. Mende folk literature should not only be of academic interest but rather a source of cultural rejuvenation. Received: 26 July 2021 / Accepted: 27 September 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021

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Day, Lynda. ""Bottom Power:" Theorizing Feminism and the Women's Movement in Sierra Leone (1981-2007)." African and Asian Studies 7, no. 4 (2008): 491–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921008x359632.

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Abstract This paper examines the theory and praxis of women's political activism in contemporary Sierra Leone. In spite of the steady upswing in the number of women elected or appointed to positions of political authority, the growing influence of women in politics runs into male resistance which privately and derisively refers to women's newly held positions of authority and public clout as "bottom power." This essay proposes that male pushback results from a neo-liberal women's movement that frames women's economic marginality and lack of access to political power as the result of patriarchy and male privilege, rather than using an African feminist framework which recognizes women's lack of resources as primarily the result of the appropriation of the country's wealth by multinational corporations, lending agencies and members of the elite. If viewed from this perspective, the women's movement would be framed as a socially transformative struggle for all sectors of society, and not as a contest between men and women for power.

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Wahl-Jorgensen, K., and B. Cole. "Newspapers in Sierra Leone: A Case Study of Conditions for Print Journalism in a Postconflict Society." Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/ajs.29.1.1.

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Wahl-Jorgensen, Karin, and Bernadette Cole. "Newspapers in Sierra Leone: A Case Study of Conditions for Print Journalism in a Postconflict Society." Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies 29, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02560054.2008.9653372.

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Goerg, Odile. "Sierra Leonais, Créoles, Krio: la dialectique de l'identité." Africa 65, no. 1 (January 1995): 114–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160910.

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The study of phenomena relating to identity has prompted new approaches to the subject on the part of historians as well as anthropologists. They include the study of ethnicity, a dynamic combination of socio-economic, religious, cultural and political factors. In this regard the population of Freetown is particularly interesting, for it stems from several discrete migrations from the end of the eighteenth century onwards. Some of the immigrants came direct from the African continent, ‘Liberated Africans’ disembarked on the Sierra Leone peninsula, while others, formerly slaves, came from the UK, North America or the West Indies. The result of this diversity of origin was the formation of a very rich and specific society, with a mixture of European, African and West Indian characteristics. Among the town dwellers are those called successively Sierra Leoneans, Creoles and Krio.Since the 1950s several studies have focused on these people. After a polemical article published in 1977, new research was undertaken. Krio identity, which is at the same time a historical theme and politically contested territory, remains at the heart of the debate. In this article, emphasis is placed on terminology, to address the question of ‘ethnicity’ as applied to those known as Creoles. What were they called by administrators or historians (past and present)? What did they call themselves? How did they react to the various attempts at categorisation? How did the names, which are the visible aspect of ethnicity, evolve? What did the terms really mean and how can one move from a given name to the object it represents? These questions take into account several points of view, from within Krio/Creole society and from outside it.

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Mouser, Nancy Fox. "Peter Hartwig, 1804-1808: Sociological Perspectives in Marginality and Alienation." History in Africa 31 (2004): 263–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361541300003491.

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All social groups make rules and attempt, at some times and under some circumstances, to enforce them. Social rules define situations and the kinds of behavior appropriate to them, specifying some actions as “right” and forbidding others as “wrong.” When a rule is enforced, the person who is supposed to have broken it may be seen as a special kind of person, one who cannot be trusted to live by the rules agreed on by the group. He is regarded as an outsider.But the person who is thus labeled an outsider may have a different view of the matter. He may not accept the rule by which he is being judged and may not regard those who judge him as either competent or legitimately entitled to do so. Hence, a second meaning of the term emerges: the rule-breaker may feel his judges are outsiders.Peter Hartwig was a German seminarian recruited by the Church Missionary Society in 1803 to serve as one of its first two missionaries in Africa. He was sent to Freetown, a settlement established for Africans and people of African descent who had returned to Africa from Britain and the Americas. Hartwig was to reside at Freetown temporarily and to be supervised while there by a locally-based Corresponding Committee composed of Sierra Leone Company officials. The Society directed that, after a year's residence in Sierra Leone, Hartwig and his fellow recruit Melchior Renner would establish a mission among Susu peoples north of Freetown, where they were to convert indigenous Africans to Christianity. Hartwig, however, failed to meet the Society's expectations, violated the norms of the Corresponding Committee that the Society had established at Freetown to guide mission progress, and left the Society's service within three years of reaching the coast. He seemingly had become unable to adjust to changing realities, a wrongdoer and a moral example to other missionaries of what to avoid becoming.3 How are we to interpret his failure from a sociological perspective?

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Schneider, Luisa T. "The ogbanje who wanted to stay: The occult, belonging, family and therapy in Sierra Leone." Ethnography 18, no. 2 (October 25, 2016): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466138116673381.

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Although prominent in literature on West Africa and especially Nigeria, the phenomenon of ogbanjes in Sierra Leone is little discussed. By following the story of one ogbanje, this paper unravels their significance for social life, for local epistemologies and cosmologies in Freetown. The paper discusses personhood and morality, conceptions of femininity and motherhood as well as the search for culprits. It argues that ogbanjes have to be understood as avengers who, in the name of society, penalize those deeds of women which meet with the disapproval of the community. Ogbanjes embody a breakdown of accepted social concepts as they are able to openly articulate criticism towards their parents and elders and thus serve as a way to negotiate the coming of age. The negotiations over appropriate treatment of ogbanjes highlight the interplay between different forms of belief. In addition, ogbanjes provide coping mechanisms and explanatory tools for untimely deaths.

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Kandé, Sylvie. "BOOK REVIEW:Filomina Chioma Steady. WOMEN AND THE AMISTAD CONNECTION?SIERRA LEONE KRIO SOCIETY. Rochester, VT: Schenkman, 2001." Research in African Literatures 35, no. 4 (December 2004): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ral.2004.35.4.180.

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Ibrahim, Aisha Fofana. "The Bondo Society as a Political Tool: Examining Cultural Expertise in Sierra Leone from 1961 to 2018." Laws 8, no. 3 (August 12, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws8030017.

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This paper focuses on the politics of the Bondo—the competition among social groups for an exclusive influence on the National strategy for the reduction of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C). In the first part, this paper shows how the Bondo—a women’s only secret society—has become a site of contestation for not only pro- and anti-FGM/C advocates, but also elite male politicians who have, since independence in 1961, continued to use the Bondo space for political gains. The use of the Bondo for political leverage and influence pre-dates independence and is as old as the society itself. The second part of this paper discusses the legitimacy of expertise as central to this debate, in which each group competes to become the leading expert. Thus, even though human rights/choice discourse currently dominates the FGM/C debate, traditional expertise remains valid in the formulation of community by-laws as well as state policies and laws. This can be seen in the recent attempt by the state to develop a National Policy for the Reduction of FGM/C in which the expertise of all three groups was sought. Using data from existing literature and personal interviews, this paper interrogates this contention by describing how the role of cultural experts—especially the Soweis—has been politicized in the stalemate over the enactment of the National Policy for the Reduction of FGC. This paper concludes with considerations about the complexity of Bondo expertise, in which opposing parties use similar arguments to evoke the human rights discourses on women’s rights and bodily integrity/autonomy. It argues that a better knowledge of these dynamics as they develop in Sierra Leone and other African countries would be useful to the European jurisdiction.

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Paffenholz, Thania, and I. William Zartman. "Inclusive Peace Negotiations – From a Neglected Topic to New Hype." International Negotiation 24, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-24011186.

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Abstract The objective of this special issue on inclusive peace negotiations is to advance the debate on negotiations. It sheds light on included and excluded actors, in particular political parties, civil society, business, youth and religious actors, and those armed actors that are either excluded or included. This special issue is particularly interesting as all articles combine a conceptual introduction of the role of the discussed actor in question in peace negotiations with a case study approach. This method enriches conceptual discussion and debates on the role of the various actors through analyses of several peace negotiations, including among others, DRC, Kenya, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Guatemala, El Salvador, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia, Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and Myanmar.

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Kolapo, Femi J. "The 1858–1859 Gbebe Journal of CMS Missionary James Thomas." History in Africa 27 (January 2000): 159–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172112.

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James Thomas, whose journal is transcribed and appended to this introduction, was a ‘native agent’ of the Church Missionary Society (CMS) at Gbebe and Lokoja at the confluence of the Niger-Benue rivers between 1858 and 1879. A liberated slave who had been converted to Christianity in Sierra Leone, he enlisted in the service of the CMS Niger Mission headed by Rev. Samuel A. Crowther. Thomas was kidnapped around 1832 from Ikudon in northeast Yoruba, near the Niger-Benue confluence. He lived in Sierra Leone for twenty-five years before returning as a missionary to his homeland.Gbebe was an important mid-nineteenth-century river port on the Lower Niger. It was located on the east bank of the Niger, a mile below its confluence with the Benue, and about 300 miles from the Atlantic. Aboh, Onitsha, Ossomari, Asaba, Idah, and Lokoja were other famous mid-nineteenth century Lower Niger towns. From an 1841 estimated base of about 1,500, its population rose to about 10,000 by 1859. Contemporary exploration and trading reports by W. B. Baikie, S. Crowther, T. Hutchinson, and J. Whitford indicate that the town occupied an important place in the commercial life of the region.However, little is known about the town's sociopolitical structures and processes, and still less is known about its relationship with its neighbors. Hence the internal sociopolitical and economic basis for the settlement's economic role in the region is largely unresearched. The reports of James Thomas, Simon Benson Priddy, and Charles Paul, CMS missionaries resident in the town for several years, contain evidence that would be useful for such an endeavor.

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Sesay, Regina Baby, and Sheku Seppeh. "Assessment of the Need for Polygamy Among Men in Southern Sierra Leone, A Structural Equation Modeling Approach." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation 09, no. 09 (2022): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2022.9913.

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The belief system of most Sierra Leoneans is highly glued to their culture, religion, and tradition. As a result, most Sierra Leoneans regard polygamy as a legal married institution. However, in recent years, civilization and western religions, like Christianity, have not only forbidden the act of polygamy among married men but have also highlighted some of the cons (or disadvantages) of their involvement in the act of polygamy. This has gradually changed the belief system of most Sierra Leoneans and has resulted in a gradual decline in the number of wives adored by most provincial men. As a result of the decline in the number of wives acquired by married men, the acquisition of numerous girlfriends and concubines (also called side chicks) by most provincial men has risen in recent years. The reason for this uncontrollable desire for involvement in the act of polygamy by most provincial men is yet to be investigated. To maintain a peaceful society in relation to the institution of marriage, the need to understand the main drive (or reason) behind polygamy is vital. This research work, therefore, aims at identifying the main factors influencing the need (or desire) for polygamy among provincial men in the southern part of Sierra Leone. To achieve this, a two-stage cluster sampling methodology was adopted to randomly select 600 men from the selected chiefdoms in the Moyamba district. Considering the research objective and the latent nature of the dependent and independent variables involved, a structural equation modeling methodology was used in the analysis to identify the main factors influencing the provincial men’s need or desire to be involved in the act of polygamy. Out of the four structural equation models used in the analysis, model 2 with dependent latent variable,” intention” and independent latent variables: “Attitudes” and “Subjective Norms” (like social recognition, ethnicity and desire for children) was found to be more plausible with outstanding fitness as it passed all the fitness tests including the chi-square test. The result of the empirical analysis using the structural equation models showed that there are positive and significant relationships between the dependent latent variable, “polygamy” and each of the independent latent variables, social norms, and perceived behavioral control. The result also showed that a positive and significant relationship existed between the dependent latent variable “intention” for polygamy and each of the independent latent variables: subjective norms, attitude, and perceived behavioral control.

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Fyfe, Christopher. "The Postal Service of Sierra Leone. By P. O. Beale. London: Royal Philatelic Society, 1988. Pp. 260. £24." Journal of African History 31, no. 2 (July 1990): 337–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185370002524x.

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Abdullah, Ibrahim. "The Colonial State and Wage Labor in Postwar Sierra Leone, 1945–1960: Attempts at Remaking the Working Class." International Labor and Working-Class History 52 (1997): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900006955.

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The elaborate “remaking” of the African working class that took off in earnest in the period after 1945 has only recently begun to receive the attention of scholars working on African labor and working-class history. This process of remaking, as in nineteenth-century England, essentially involved the incorporation of the African working class into a system of industrial relations which would guarantee it a stake in society with regard to jobs, wages, housing, and general working conditions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sierra Leone Society'

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