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Journal articles on the topic 'Sierra Leonean literature'
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Porter, Abioseh Michael. "Post-Civil War Literary Fiction: A Catalyst for Understanding Sierra Leone's Recent Past, Present, and Future." African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review 13, no. 1 (March 2023): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/acp.2023.a900893.
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ABSTRACT: Until very recently, it seemed that a major difference between the literature of Sierra Leone and the literatures of its other West African neighbors was the absence, especially in prose fiction, of a sustained body of work by Sierra Leonean authors. This situation might seem mystifying to scholars of Sierra Leone's social and intellectual history because, after all, that country had played a major and pioneering role in the development and spreading of Western education in West Africa. This fundamental narrative of the inability of Sierra Leone's creative writers to produce high quality literature, in current times, has been seriously challenged by several new authors. This article analyzes the ways in which Sierra Leonean literature has moved from a space in which its earliest writers failed to understand fiction writing as a major outlet to express the dreams, nightmares, hopes and desires of a people to one in which high quality fiction is flourishing. It highlights how the civil war and its dreadful aftermath changed the literary landscape in Sierra Leone in many positive ways.
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D'Angelo, Lorenzo. "WHO OWNS THE DIAMONDS? THE OCCULT ECO-NOMY OF DIAMOND MINING IN SIERRA LEONE." Africa 84, no. 2 (April 9, 2014): 269–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972013000752.
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ABSTRACTMuch of the literature on Sierra Leonean diamonds focuses on the role that this mineral resource played in the recent civil conflict (1991–2002). However, the political-economic perspective that is common to these analyses has lost sight of the main actors in this social reality. What do miners think of diamonds? Like their Malagasy colleagues engaged in the search for sapphires, the Sierra Leonean diamond miners often maintain that they do not know what diamonds could possibly be used for. What is specific to the diamond mining areas in this West African country is that suspicions and fantasies about the uses of diamonds go hand in hand with the idea that these precious stones belong to invisible spiritual entities known locally as djinns ordεbul dεn. Although this article aims to analyse the occult imaginary of diamond miners, it takes a different stand from the occult economies approach. By combining a historical-imaginative perspective with a historical and ecological one, this article intends to highlight the indissoluble interweaving of material and imaginative processes of artisanal diamond production in the context of Sierra Leone's mines.
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Ibrahim, Aisha Fofana, Alice James, Mariatu Kabba, Aminata Kamara, Anne Menzel, and Nicky Spencer-Coker. "Making sense of girls empowerment in Sierra Leone: a conversation." International Politics Reviews 9, no. 2 (November 18, 2021): 353–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41312-021-00130-0.
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AbstractThis Testify article features a conversation about the emancipatory potentials and pitfalls of girls empowerment as practiced, experienced, and judged by Sierra Leonean activists. We – two scholars and four activists – discussed views on and experiences of girls empowerment approaches that have been interpreted in critical scholarly literature as a form of neoliberal responsibilization. Also within this critical literature, there is often the notion that these approaches may yet create openings for emancipatory agency and counter-conduct. However, it remains unclear whether this happens and to what extent. Our conversation centres activists’ views on the academic critique of girls empowerment and raises a number of questions, including: Why do many feminist activists in Sierra Leone embrace girls empowerment approaches? What do they see in them? How do they interpret and practice them? Where do they see potentials and pitfalls? And what is the role of donors?
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Koos, Carlo. "Decay or Resilience?" World Politics 70, no. 2 (March 6, 2018): 194–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887117000351.
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This article examines the long-term impact of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) on prosocial behavior in Sierra Leone. Two theoretical arguments are developed and tested. The first draws on the feminist literature and suggests the presence of a decay mechanism: victims and their families are stigmatized by their community and excluded from social networks. The second integrates new insights from social psychology, psychological trauma research, and anthropology, and argues for a resilience mechanism. It argues that CRSV-affected households have a strong incentive to remain part of their community and will invest more effort and resources into the community to avert social exclusion than unaffected households. Using data on 5,475 Sierra Leonean households, the author finds that exposure to CRSV increases prosocial behavior—cooperation, helping, and altruism—which supports the resilience hypothesis. The results are robust to an instrumental variable estimation. The ramifications of this finding go beyond the case of Sierra Leone and generate a more general question: What makes communities resilient to shocks and trauma?
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Kaifala, Gabriel Bamie, Sonja Gallhofer, Margaret Milner, and Catriona Paisey. "Postcolonial hybridity, diaspora and accountancy." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 32, no. 7 (September 16, 2019): 2114–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2016-2493.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore perceptions and lived experiences of Sierra Leonean chartered and aspiring accountants, vis-à-vis their professional identity with a particular focus on two elements of postcolonial theory, hybridity and diaspora. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative methodological framework was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants about their perceptions of their professional identity and their professional experiences both within and outside Sierra Leone. Findings The current professionalisation process is conceptualised as a postcolonial third space where hybrid professional accountants are constructed. Professional hybridity blurs the local/global praxis being positioned as both local and global accountants. Participants experience difficulty “fitting into” the local accountancy context as a consequence of their hybridisation. As such, a diaspora effect is induced which often culminates in emigration to advanced countries. The paper concludes that although the current model engenders emancipatory social movements for individuals through hybridity and diaspora, it is nonetheless counterproductive for Sierra Leone’s economic development and the local profession in particular. Research limitations/implications This study has significant implications for understanding how the intervention of global professional bodies in developing countries shapes the professionalisation process as well as perceptions and lived experiences of chartered and aspiring accountants in these countries. Originality/value While extant literature implicates the legacies of colonialism/imperialism on the institutional development of accountancy (represented by recognised professional bodies), this paper employs the critical lens of postcolonial theory to conceptualise the lived experiences of individuals who are directly impacted by such institutional arrangements.
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Das, Shruti, and Deepshikha Routray. "Climate Change and Ecocide in Sierra Leone: Representations in Aminatta Forna’s Ancestor Stones and The Memory of Love." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the Tropics 20, no. 2 (September 10, 2021): 221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.20.2.2021.3812.
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War has been instrumental in destroying land and forests and thus is a major contributor to climate change. Degradation due to war has been especially significant in Africa. The African continent, once green, is now almost denuded of its rich forests and pillaged of its precious natural resources due to the brutality of colonisation and more recent postcolonial civil wars. In Sierra Leone the civil war continued for over eleven years from 1991 to 2002 and wrought havoc on the land and forests. Thus the anxiety and trauma suffered by the people not only includes the more visible aspects of human brutality, but also the long lasting effects of ecocide which relate to climate change. Underlying narratives that address traumatic ecological disasters is a sense of anxiety and depression resulting from the existential threat of climate change. This paper demonstrates how narratives can metaphorically represent both ecocide and climate change and argues that such stories help people in tackling the real life stresses of anxiety and trauma. To establish the argument this paper has drawn on scientific and sociological data and placed these vis-à-vis narrative episodes in Aminatta Forna’s novels Ancestor Stones (2006) and The Memory of Love (2010). In these novels Forna depicts the ecological crisis that colonisation and civil war have wrought on Sierra Leone. The anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder – of war and ecocide – suffered by the fictional Sierra Leonean characters are explained through Cathy Caruth’s trauma theory.
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Caulker, Tcho Mbaimba. "Knowledge Is More Than Mere Words: A Critical Introduction to Sierra Leonean Literature, ed. Eustace Palmer and Abioseh Michael Porter." Research in African Literatures 42, no. 1 (March 2011): 174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ral.2011.42.1.174.
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Caulker. "Knowledge Is More Than Mere Words: A Critical Introduction to Sierra Leonean Literature, ed. Eustace Palmer and Abioseh Michael Porter." Research in African Literatures 42, no. 1 (2011): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/reseafrilite.2011.42.1.174.
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Fayiah, Moses, Shikui Dong, and Sanjay Singh. "Status and challenges of wood biomass as the principal energy in Sierra Leone." International Journal of Biomass and Renewables 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.61762/ijbrvol7iss2art4565.
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Energy availability in developing countries especially in African countries is still a great challenge, affecting the standard of living and investment in the Continent. The absence of adequate energy supply in urban and rural areas in Africa since colonial era has given wood biomass energy the advantage among other energy sources. In this paper, we synthesized the literatures and reports to assess the wood biomass energy usage status, production, consumption, economic benefits, pitfalls and future trend in Sierra Leone. The combined energy supply from all sources in Sierra Leone accounts for less than 30% of the country energy needs. The huge reliance on wood biomass energy in Sierra Leone is as a result of poverty, high cost of alternative energy source, weak economy and under development of the state, corruption, previous civil war, political instability and low standard of living. The exploitation of other forms of renewable energy such as modern bioenergy, solar, wind, and increased hydroelectric production could increase energy access and diversify Sierra Leone’s energy profile in the near future.
Keywords: renewable, natural, power, Africa, charcoal, fuel
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Lucas K. Kanu, Hongjuan Peng, and Theophile Dushimirimana. "The burden of lymphatic filariasis and its control strategies in Sierra Leone: A literature review." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 2 (May 30, 2024): 266–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.2.1345.
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Lymphatic filariasis (LF) poses a significant health burden in Sierra Leone, with considerable socio-economic implications. LF, caused by parasitic worms transmitted through mosquito bites, leads to lymphedema, elephantiasis, and hydrocele, severely affecting individuals’ quality of life. Sierra Leone, with its tropical climate and inadequate healthcare infrastructure, faces unique challenges in combating lymphatic filariasis. This review explores the epidemiological landscape of LF in Sierra Leone, highlighting endemic regions, its impact, and control strategies. In 2005, epidemiological coverage of high-dose medications, like ivermectin and albendazole, exceeded 65% annually across 12 districts in Sierra Leone. By 2013, eight districts were eligible for transmission assessment surveys (TAS). After three additional rounds of mass drug administration (MDA), four districts became eligible for pre-TAS assessments in 2017. Despite efforts to control LF through mass drug administration (MDA) programs, challenges such as low treatment coverage, logistical constraints, and community resistance persist. Moreover, the impact of the Ebola outbreak on healthcare delivery has further impeded LF control efforts. This literature review adds to our understanding of LF control in Sierra Leone, providing valuable insights into the epidemiology, impact, challenges, and potential strategies for enhancing LF elimination efforts. It contributes to the broader discourse on neglected tropical diseases and public health interventions, emphasizing the need for context-specific approaches and interdisciplinary collaboration to achieve sustained progress towards LF elimination and improves public health outcomes.
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Mansaray, Samuel Saio, Xu Hongyi, and Ibrahim Abdulai Sawaneh. "Service Innovation Performance in Sierra Leone's Banking Sector: An Empirical Analysis." Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies 50, no. 5 (April 25, 2024): 522–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51382.
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This study investigates the innovation efficiency of Sierra Leone's banking sector, utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) across 14 commercial banks representing 70% of the sector's total assets from 2017 to 2022. By analyzing existing financial and operational data, the study assesses performance variations and identifies disparities in innovation efficiency among these institutions. Findings indicate significant discrepancies in innovation efficiency levels, highlighting the critical role of strategic investment in technology and innovation for enhancing competitiveness and growth. This research contributes theoretically and practically to the literature on service innovation in banking in developing countries. It provides empirical evidence of the efficacy of DEA models in performance evaluation, offering benchmarks and strategic insights that could inform future policy and operational strategies. The study underscores the need for Sierra Leone banks to continually invest in innovative capabilities to maintain and enhance their competitive edge in a dynamic financial environment.
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Affonso, Luiza Bizzo. "A Reintegração de Crianças-Soldado em Serra Leoa | The Reintegration of former-child-soldiers in Sierra Leone." Mural Internacional 7, no. 1 (February 10, 2017): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rmi.2016.25025.
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Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a reintegração das ex-crianças-soldado à vida civil, tendo como exemplo ilustrativo Serra Leoa. Analisa-se se os programas de libertação e reintegração para ex-crianças-soldado, em Serra Leoa, pode ser considerado um exemplo de sucesso. Observa-se que, embora a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) e suas agências percebam Serra Leoa como um sucesso na reintegração de jovens e crianças, a literatura e algumas Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs), que atuaram no país, percebem falhas nesse processo.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the reintegration of former-child-soldiers to the civilian life in Sierra Leone. Then, liberation and reintegration programs for former-child-soldiers in Sierra Leone are discussed so as to check if the they can be considered a case of success. Despite the fact that the United Nations (ONU) and its agencies see Sierra Leone as a case of success in the reintegration of youngsters and children, literature and some Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) which have acted there notice flaws in this process.Palavras-chave: Criança-soldado; DDR; Serra Leoa. Keywords: Child-soldier; DDR; Sierra Leone.DOI: 10.12957/rmi.2016.25025Recebido em 08 de Agosto de 2016 | Aceito em 29 de Novembro de 2016Received on August 08, 2016 | Accepted on November 29, 2016
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Lakoh, Sulaiman, Emma Orefuwa, Matilda N. Kamara, Darlinda F. Jiba, Joseph B. Kamara, Sylaju Kpaka, and David W. Denning. "The burden of serious fungal infections in Sierra Leone: a national estimate." Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease 8 (January 2021): 204993612110279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20499361211027996.
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Sierra Leone is a small, resource-limited country that has a low national prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a very high burden of tuberculosis (TB). Fungal diseases are probably common, but poorly documented. In this article, we reviewed the existing literature on fungal epidemiology in Sierra Leone using national, regional, and international data, identified knowledge gaps, and propose solutions to address the challenges on the prevention and control of fungal diseases in Sierra Leone and similar countries. In advanced HIV disease, we estimate 300 cryptococcal meningitis, 640 Pneumocystis pneumonia, and over 4000 esophageal candidiasis cases annually. Chronic lung disease is common, with an estimated 6000 cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, many mistaken for TB, 5000 adults with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis complicating asthma, and probably over 6600 cases of severe asthma with fungal sensitization. Invasive aspergillosis is estimated at 478 cases. None of these diagnoses are made in Sierra Leone at present. Major burdens are recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (85,400) and tinea capitis in children (266,450). Improvement in fungal disease diagnosis in Sierra Leone will enable better estimates to be made and reduce morbidity and mortality.
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Stepakoff, Shanee. "Telling and Showing: Witnesses Represent Sierra Leone's War Atrocities in Court and Onstage." TDR/The Drama Review 52, no. 1 (March 2008): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram.2008.52.1.17.
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After a brutal civil war in Sierra Leone, a young prosecution witness in a war crimes tribunal in Freetown created, directed, and performed a drama that graphically portrays the trauma she and her fellow survivors experienced during the war. Stepakoff was the psychologist for the Special Court for Sierra Leone—working with victims of severe human rights violations—and an invited guest at the young woman's performance.
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Fayiah, Moses, and Muloma Seibatu Fayiah. "Long and short term implications of mineral mining operations in Sierra Leone: A review." Natural Resources Conservation and Research 7, no. 1 (April 7, 2024): 4452. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/nrcr.v7i1.4452.
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Sierra Leone is among the few countries endowed with substantial mineral resources deposits in Africa. This review throws light on the long- and short-term positive impact of the mining sector in Sierra Leone. Over the past decade, the revenue derived from mineral mining has had little impact on the economic development of the country. According to history, extensive mineral mining operations is traced back to the early 1930s. Nonetheless, the inception of mineral extractions in Sierra Leone has been characterized by political instability, war, biodiversity loss, corruption, hardship among others. Based on available literature, mineral extraction in Sierra Leone has directly or indirectly impacted the 1), environment (ecosystem and biodiversity) 2), governance and leadership (stakeholder’s consultation) and 3) economic growth and development. The common negative impact are environmental pollution, degradation and social issues such as sexual violence, teenage pregnancy, early marriage, prostitutions, school dropout and spread of transmissible diseases among other issues. The source of data for this review was acquired from the secondary source. Information was source from both published and unpublished materials of interest. Key words such as mineral mining, mineral resources, mining benefits, mining policies, mining challenges were searched for important information on the subject matter. In some mining edge communities across Sierra Leone, protest and other human right abuses perpetrated by company’s authorities and security officials is common within these communities in Sierra Leone. On the other hand, mineral mining has served as a means of sustainable livelihood booster for deprived mining edge communities in Sierra Leone. Additionally, some mining edge communities in Serra Leone enjoy better economic conditions from the cooperate social responsibility (CSR) scheme of most mining companies. Alternately, mineral mining has also been a source of political tension and tradeoff between local resident and mining companies/governments. To remedy this situation, the government in recent years, has enacted many policies, legislations and regulations that supports the judicious extraction and management of minerals for the benefits of all in Sierra Leone. It is therefore recommended that, best international practices and standard operating procedures related to mining extraction be adopted and applied across all mining sites in Sierra Leone. This will help in mitigating the human right abuses trade-off between mining communities and mining companies for a better future.
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Rizky, Ulfah Fatmala. "Peran Pendidikan dalam Proses Peacebuilding di Sierra Leone." Indonesian Journal of Public Administration (IJPA) 6, no. 2 (January 24, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52447/ijpa.v6i2.4383.
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Abstract, This paper intends to describe the conflict that occurred in Sierra Leone which resulted in the Complex Political Emergency (CPE) condition and the role of education in the peacebuilding process in Sierra Leone. This condition has reduced the Human Development Index in the country. In order to raise the Human Development Index in Sierra Leone, the conflict must end immediately. One of the ways to end the conflict is by doing peacebuilding. The peacebuilding process can be done through education. In addition, by increasing access to education or rebuilding the education system. The five roles of education in the peacebuilding process, namely: first, skills training that offers a new way of life apart from violence. Second, education protects children. Quality education will provide physical, psychosocial, and cognitive protection for children. Third, education helps rebuild 'normality' and self-confidence. Fourth, education helps restore social capital that has been lost and damaged by prolonged conflict. Fifth, education contributes to social transformation. Through the literature study method, this paper found that educational interventions in Sierra Leone have a positive impact on the peacebuilding process. Keywords: conflict, role of education, peacebuilding Abstrak, Tulisan ini bermaksud untuk menggambarkan konflik yang terjadi di Sierra Leone yang melahirkan kondisi Complex Political Emergencies (CPE) dan bagaimana peran pendidikan dalam proses peacebuilding di Sierra Leone. Di mana kondisi ini telah menurunkan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Negara tersebut. Untuk dapat meningkatkan Indeks Pembangunana Manusia di Sierra Leone maka konflik harus segera diakhir. Salah satu cara untuk mengakhiri konflik adalah dengan melakukan peacebuilding. Proses peacebuilding dapat dilakukan melalui pendidikan. Selain itu, dengan meningkatkan akses pendidikan atau membangun kembali sistem pendidikan. Lima peran pendidikan dalam proses peacebuilding, yaitu: pertama, pelatihan ketrampilan yang menawarkan jalan kehidupan baru selain kekerasan. Kedua, pendidikan melindungi anak-anak. kualitas pendidikan akan memberikan perlindungan fisikal, psikososial, dan juga kognitif bagi anak-anak. Ketiga, pendidikan membantu membangun kembali ‘normalitas’ dan kepercayaan diri. Keempat, pendidikan membantu untuk memperbaiki modal sosial yang hilang dan rusak akibat konflik yang berkepanjangan. Kelima, pendidikan berkontribusi pada transformasi sosial. Melalui metode studi kepustakaan, tulisan ini menemukan bahwa intervensi pendidikan di Sierra Leone memberikan dampak positif terhadap proses peacebuilding. Kata kunci: konflik, peran pendidikan, pembangunan perdamaian
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Jones, Adam. "Some Reflections on the Oral Traditions of the Galinhas Country, Sierra Leone." History in Africa 12 (1985): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171718.
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Whenever historians of Africa write: “According to tradition…”, they evade the crucial question of what kind of oral tradition they are referring to. The assumption that oral tradition is something more or less of the same nature throughout Africa, or indeed the world, still permeates many studies on African history; and even those who have themselves collected oral material seldom pause to consider how significant this material is or how it compares with that available in other areas.The majority of studies of oral tradition have been written by people who worked with fairly formal traditions; and those who, after reading such studies, go and work in societies where such traditions do not exist are often distressed and disappointed. There is therefore still a need for localized studies of oral tradition in different parts of Africa. As far as Sierra Leone is concerned, no work specifically devoted to the nature of oral tradition has been published, despite several valuable publications on the oral literature of the Limba and Mende. The notes that follow are intended to give a rough picture of the kind of oral material I obtained in a predominantly Mende-speaking area of Sierra Leone in 1977-78 (supplemented by a smaller number of interviews conducted in 1973-75, 1980, and 1984). My main interest was in the eighteenth and nineteenth century history of what I have called the Galinhas country, the southernmost corner of Sierra Leone.I conducted nearly all of my interviews through interpreters and did not use a tape recorder more than a very few times. This was partly because the amount of baggage I could carry on foot was limited, but also because I soon found that some informants were disturbed by the tape recorder, and because it was difficult to catch on tape the contributions of all the bystanders.
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Jefferson, Andrew M., and Ahmed S. Jalloh. "Health provision and health professional roles under compromised circumstances: Lessons from Sierra Leone’s prisons." Criminology & Criminal Justice 19, no. 5 (July 19, 2018): 572–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895818787016.
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This article adds to a growing body of empirical work on prisons in the global south. It reports on a survey into prison health provision in Sierra Leone, West Africa conducted by a local non-governmental organization (Prison Watch – Sierra Leone). Taking the survey results as the point of departure and engaging with the limited literature on prison health provision in the South we discuss the role of health professionals in preventing violence in prisons, suggesting that, under compromised circumstances where a punitive penal ethos often subverts good intentions and appeals to professionalism, advocacy for prisoner health and torture prevention initiatives must be broad-based and include a more radical questioning of the foundations of the penal apparatus. Such circumstances call for a more critical interrogation of dominant forms of penality and generic modes of intervention than has hitherto been the case.
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Kamara, Alhaji Bakar. "Government Interventions in Promoting EducationThe Educational Development in Sierra Leone Since the End of the War in 2000." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, no. 09 (2022): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.6903.
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Sierra Leone’s educational system has made a remarkable recovery in several interventions over the years. The Government of Sierra Leone is firmly committed to building a solid foundation for quality education. With this priority given to the education sector, the Government is firmly committed and puts a premium on resource allocation to the education sector for sustainable development. Representatives of the ministry of education, universities authorities and communities, were also engaged in focus group discussion for an in-depth idea about the topic under review. Additional information was sought from literature published by the institutions, especially the Ministry of education and Universities. The research was limited to the Western Area. The instruments used to collect data include a questionnaire, interview and discussion. The data were analysed qualitatively. Various parameters were analysed, such as compulsory Education by law, Free Primary education, principles of Discrimination, the building of schools all over the country, Distance Education programs, Guidance and Counselling in Schools, Emphasis on Girl child education, and Quality education for quality life in Sierra Leone, Promoting accessibility and many more. This research yielded a very fruitful result in the development of the country over these years to the present. Compulsory Education with the strict conditions attached to it increased the roll of pupils in schools. Today illiterate parents can boast of literate children, wherein such children give birth to children that they can take care of in terms of basic needs such as education, food, morals, shelter, clothing etc. With adult education all over the country, there is a considerable reduction in illiteracy countrywide. Education is made accessible throughout the country, with at least a secondary school in all the chiefdoms. The teachers are made available in schools that are in remote areas. Guidance and Counselling help correctly place school pupils in their excellent careers in life, making education relevant and meaningful. The researcher recommended that the Government maintain continuity in its policies, continue to promote Guidance and Counselling in schools and establish a local languages department at the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology.
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Topper, Ryan. "Trauma and the African Animist Imaginary in Aminatta Forna’s The Memory of Love and Delia Jarrett-Macauley’s Moses, Citizen, and Me." English Language Notes 57, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00138282-7716171.
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Abstract This essay intervenes in debates surrounding trauma theory and postcolonial studies, tracing how forms of African animism can lead to a decolonized discourse of trauma. Taking the postcolonial critique of trauma theory’s Eurocentrism as a point of departure, the essay focuses on two contemporary novels of the African diaspora: Aminatta Forna’s The Memory of Love and Delia Jarrett-Macauley’s Moses, Citizen, and Me. Narrating local forms of survival in post–civil war Sierra Leone, these novels use animist modes of consciousness to theorize the collective trauma of, and envision political futures for, Sierra Leone. Forna’s writing is emblematic of realism, while Jarrett-Macauley’s is an example of animist realism. Both novels are united, however, by an animism at the level of narrative process, drawing on the spirit world and possession rituals to counter therapeutic and humanitarian ideologies.
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Thulla, Philip Y., Amuel M. Senesie, Peter M. Muffuh, and David Bull. "The Feasibility of Applying Shakespearean Drama to Address Social Disorders in Sierra Leone." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 4, no. 3 (September 20, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v4i3.1257.
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Like many other African countries, Sierra Leone has gone through tragic experiences, which tend to elevate the quest for peace above most other human concerns. Persons and Institutions that deal with human development are generally urged to target such issues as peace – building, conflict prevention, reconciliation, etc. It seems that the literary discipline bears remarkable potentialities to such effects. This is the concern of this paper. In order to maximize the possible benefit of literature, in this regard, the “best choice” of literary writers was adopted – William Shakespeare. The findings include but not limited to ‘that many of the social problems that can be addressed sociologically or legally, or morally can as accommodate literary address’ and ‘that Shakespeare’s play can be used to address social disorders in Sierra Leone.
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Kennedy, Rosanne. "Reparative transnationalism: The friction and fiction of remembering in Sierra Leone." Memory Studies 11, no. 3 (July 2018): 342–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698018771867.
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Analysis of the “productive frictions” that emerge when cosmopolitan paradigms are implemented in local contexts may nuance accounts of how and when memory travels, and when and why it stalls, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the cross-border travels of memory. I explore the frictions of truth-telling in Sierra Leone as articulated in ethnographic analyses of local engagement with the normative paradigm of public remembering and truth-telling promoted by the Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), and mediated in Aminatta Forna’s post-conflict novel, The Memory of Love. While the Truth and Reconciliation Commission disappointed victims’ expectations for meaningful transnational relationships, the novel performs and models what I call reparative transnationalism. Through the intimate but public form of literature it imagines entangled transnational futures that work toward the promise of transnational belonging promoted in much writing on transnational memory.
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Jackson, Emerson Abraham. "Triangulation." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 9, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-01-2018-0034.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide forum for critical discourses in the area of retroduction thinking in the re-orientation of social sciences research at the Bank of Sierra Leone. It is acknowledged that economic research at the bank is more oriented towards the orthodox approach (Keynesian, etc.), while that of the un-orthodox (heterodox) view is being blighted by the need to prove economic theory application without much consideration given to the imperfect market economic conditions faced in the country. Design/methodology/approach The methodology of the paper is based on critical theoretical literature review of documents and also the assessment of current approach to research practices at the Bank of Sierra Leone. Findings There is actually a pool of professionals from different backgrounds, whose passion have been coordinated to embrace the idea of integrating variety of triangulation approaches (methodological, theoretical, data, and investigator) in their pursuit of exploring best practices for policy research at the bank. Research is an ontological journey and the process of its epistemological inquiry requires pool of experts, drawn from wide range of backgrounds (mainstream Social Sciences, Mathematical Science, etc.), whose approaches are pertinent in the pursuit of human discovery, and particularly for policy development, as in the case with the Bank of Sierra Leone. This work has highlighted several salient recommended points for future action in the lead towards energizing research at the bank. Originality/value The effort to provide this paper is very original, which is based on the author's experience of working in a research focused environment. This paper will be of value to future pursuance of work in promoting triangulation research at the Bank of Sierra Leone. It is hoped that the outcome of this will spearhead mixture of professional engagement of work activities that is geared towards addressing effective policy formulation at the bank in meeting its key objective (maintaining price stability).
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Christensen, Matthew J. "Cannibals in the Postcolony: Sierra Leone's Intersecting Hegemonies in Charlie Haffner's Slave Revolt DramaAmistad Kata-Kata." Research in African Literatures 36, no. 1 (March 2005): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ral.2005.36.1.1.
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Bangura, Joseph J. "Gender and Ethnic Relations in Sierra Leone: Temne Women in Colonial Freetown." History in Africa 39 (2012): 267–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2012.0003.
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Abstract:The article explores the role of women, particularly non-Western educated Temne market women in shaping the socio-economic history of Britain's oldest colony in colonial West Africa. It addresses the neglect of women's participation in the economy of the colony inherent in the androcentric literature. The article also highlights the cultural foundations of Temne women's activism in colonial Freetown. It argues that the role played by various subjects and actors should be fully integrated in the historical literature of the Sierra Leone colony.
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Diggins, Jennifer. "ECONOMIC RUNAWAYS: PATRONAGE, POVERTY AND THE PURSUIT OF ‘FREEDOM’ ON SIERRA LEONE'S MARITIME FRONTIER." Africa 85, no. 2 (April 24, 2015): 312–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972014001041.
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ABSTRACTAs a result of the autopsy of Sierra Leone's civil war, we have become familiar with a rather dystopian vision of ‘traditional’ economic life in that region. Combatants often described their family villages as spaces where profound inequalities were hidden within households; where labour exploitation was woven through kinship relations. This article follows several young men who fled conditions of bonded labour in their rural homes: not to join the war but to seek a new life in the commercial fishing economy. Elsewhere across the postcolonial world, there is a rich ethnographic literature illustrating that people on the fringes of the global capitalist order respond with profound unease as their economic lives become ever more strongly regulated by impersonal market forces. Less often acknowledged is the possibility that, for some people, in some contexts, severing social relations might be exactly what they want, and that therein lies the greatest appeal of an economic life characterized by market transactions. For the young men described in this article, commercial fishing appeared to offer a level of personal ‘freedom’ unimaginable within the patron–client structures of village life. However, most find themselves drawn rapidly back into new forms of extractive relationships.
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Dumbuya, Barlu, and Niru Nirupama. "Disasters and long-term economic sustainability: a perspective on Sierra Leone." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 8, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-04-2016-0012.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the case of Sierra Leone from the lens of economic impact and underlying causes for concern towards economic sustainability in a post-Ebola recovery phase. Design/methodology/approach Content analysis of literature from various sources, including public and private sectors, non-governmental organisations, multilateral agencies, peer reviewed scholarly articles and media reports was carried out. A total of 77 articles were reviewed. Each document from each source types was then examined for recurring themes that would enhance understanding on the topic addressed here. The NVivo qualitative analysis software was used for coding and extracting of themes from these articles using certain keywords and phrases that relate to the study objectives. Findings The Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone caused impairment of exports and the capacity to raise revenue via taxes due to significant slump in economic activities. The post-conflict strategy to increase foreign investment had kick-started a gradual recovery, but the Ebola crisis threatened further gains. The crisis also highlighted that the country’s economy depended on foreign investment in a single key sector of iron ore for which global prices fell during Ebola significantly. Although socio-economic impacts of Ebola will linger for some time and health system would have to be vitalised, a sense of optimism was found in many documents. Originality/value The research approach is new and comprehensive in that it looks at post-conflict Sierra Leone in combination with ongoing biophysical and hydrometeorological hazards, and how the Ebola outbreak became completely devastating for the country’s economic sustainability.
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Amaral, Joana. "UN Sanctions and Mediation in Sierra Leone." Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 28, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 274–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02802001.
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Abstract The UN-imposed sanctions on Sierra Leone began in 1997 after the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) led a coup that forced newly elected president Ahmad Tejan Kabbah into exile. Alongside its peacemaking efforts, the UN Security Council explicitly supported the reinstatement of Kabbah, and its sanctions targeted the RUF by limiting travel and banning the trade of arms, petroleum, and diamonds. This article analyzes whether and how UN sanctions pushed the RUF to negotiate, accept, and implement agreements mediated by the Economic Community of West African States and the UN. Its findings are drawn from the qualitative analysis of official documents, memoirs, and interviews with key negotiators. It adds to the inclusion debate in peace mediation literature by discussing whether the coordinated use of sanctions and mediation can resolve the difficulties inherent in including veto players in peace negotiations.
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Riddella, J. Barry. "Let There Be Light: the Voices of West African Novels." Journal of Modern African Studies 28, no. 3 (September 1990): 473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00054653.
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The novels of an area tell a tale: Obi Okonkwo's career as a civil servant in Lagos, Kamara's political life in Sierra Leone, and Baako's return to a changed Ghana. But they also say more in that they depict much of the reality of the countries and their peoples, their ideas and goals, and the historical and contemporary forces which influence them. In this way, therefore, the literature contains both fictive and factual essences.
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Christensen, Matthew J. "Cannibals in the Postcolony: Sierra Leone's Intersecting Hegemonies in Charlie Haffner's Slave Revolt Drama Amistad Kata-Kata." Research in African Literatures 36, no. 1 (2005): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ral.2005.0001.
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Fofanah, Ibrahim Mustapha, Philip Foday Yamba Thulla, and Samba Moriba. "Practitioners and Uses of Contemporary Mende Folk literature in South-Eastern Sierra Leone." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, no. 6 (November 5, 2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0157.
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The study examined the practitioners and uses of contemporary Mende folk literature in South-eastern Sierra Leone. A qualitative research design involving 250 participants from 50 communities with 5 participants from each community was used in the study. Interviews were carried out using interview guide questions relating to folk practices, performance, and uses in the selected communities. Focus group discussions followed the interviews in 10 communities selected using simple random techniques. The findings revealed that Mende folk literature was endangered and, apart from occasional singing, household story-telling and riddling sessions done mainly by children and women, the only groups of people recognized as practitioners of Mende folk literature were the tribal and secret society heads and the community's griots, who mostly were elderly people. Mende folk literature should not only be of academic interest but rather a source of cultural rejuvenation.
Received: 26 July 2021 / Accepted: 27 September 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
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Ола, Бамидэль Эммануэль. "A Comparative Analysis of Prevalence and Consistent Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Three West African Countries." Journal of Social Policy Studies 19, no. 3 (October 2, 2021): 495–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/727-0634-2021-19-3-495-508.
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Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (IPVAW) is a global public health problem with huge social policy implications. A quick survey of current literature reveals that very little is known about women’s experiences of IPVAW in Africa as the majority of previous IPVAW studies have originated from Western, high-income countries, leaving us with questions about their theoretical relevance in low- and middle-income countries (LAMIC), such as those in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, the author analyses nationally-representative Demographic and Health Surveys of three West African countries, involving a total of 27,306 currently-partnered women aged 15–49 years – in Gambia (2013, n=3,232), Nigeria (2013, n=20,152) and Sierra Leone (2013, n=3,922) – to report the magnitude and consistent correlates of IPVAW in these LAMIC. Data analysis involved preliminary spearman rank correlation and multivariate logistic regression models to comparatively ascertain consistent IPVAW factors across these countries. The result shows that many women still experience different forms of IPVAW in these countries. Lifetime IPVAW experience from the age of 15 ranged from 23.3 % in Nigeria, 24.5 % in the Gambia, to 50 % in Sierra Leone, while in the last 12 months IPVAW experience ranged from 12.2 % in Gambia, 19.2 % in Nigeria, to 34.6 % in Sierra Leone. Women witnessing parental violence during childhood and having a husband who manifests controlling behaviours were the most consistent factors significantly exposing women to IPVAW in all countries. However, women having tolerant attitudes towards wife-beating, the husband’s alcohol consumption and women earning more than their husbands were also positive corelates of IPVAW. The results suggest the need for urgent proactive actions to protect women from IPVAW in these West African countries. Other findings relevant for policy recommendations and interventions are discussed.
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Hardin, Kris L. "Aesthetics and the Cultural Whole: A Study of Kono Dance Occasions." Empirical Studies of the Arts 6, no. 1 (January 1988): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/d585-a68d-unc2-nfdf.
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Aesthetic appreciation has often been investigated only in terms of what is defined as art in a Euro-American sense. This article examines a successful dance occasion among the Kono of eastern Sierra Leone and suggests that appreciation can only be fully understood if analyses take account of the wider cultural framework within which a particular form is produced and used.
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Arceneaux, Phillip. "The Africa the media showed us: A visual content analysis of the 2014 Ebola epidemic." Journal of African Media Studies 14, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jams_00086_1.
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Via content analysis, this study investigates the visual portrayal of Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea in US newspapers during the 2014 Ebola epidemic. Salience of identified frames and tone is assessed relative to findings identified in existing literature. Data were collected from the New York Times, Atlanta Journal-Constitution and Dallas Morning News. Findings suggest coverage did not favour victim-only frames, relative to other types of frames, whose visual tone became marginally less negative once Ebola patients were in the United States. Such results contribute to literature regarding African media studies, public perception of foreign affairs and press coverage of international health epidemics.
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Bonzu, Samuel. "On the Sustainability of Fiscal Policy in Sierra Leone." International Business Research 15, no. 3 (February 22, 2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v15n3p61.
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The aim of this paper is to empirically investigates whether Sierra Leone fiscal policy is sustainability. In this regard, I employ different econometric methodologies used in the empirical literature to investigates the sustainability of fiscal policy. The empirical findings that emerged from this study are useful on one hand to creditors, serving as a guide for lending to the government, and, on the other hand to the government, cautioning policymakers to avoid public debt from exploding that could possibly lead to fiscal insolvency and/or debt distress. I start by testing for the stationarity properties of the primary balance, the necessary condition for a sustainable fiscal policy. The findings indicated that Sierra Leone fiscal policy is sustainable under the review period. Next, I test for cointegration relationship between government revenue and government expenditure, the alternative approach to test for a sustainable fiscal policy. On this note, I employ both the Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) and the Johansen cointegration techniques. Both approaches confirmed the existence of a cointegration relationship between government revenue and government expenditure. The estimated cointegration coefficients show that fiscal policy during the review period is weakly sustainable and the cointegration between government spending and revenue is positive (but less than one) and statistically significant. This implies that for each percentage point of GDP increase in government expenditure, government revenues increase by less than one percentage point of GDP. Additionally, I proceeded to endogenously account for structural breaks in the cointegration relationship, which is relevant for Sierra Leone, a country that has witnessed significant changes over the years, including the Structural Adjustments Programme (SAP) in the 1980s, tax reforms in the 1990s and 2000s, etc. I found evidence of a significant structural break occurring in 1984. There also exists uni-directional causality running from government revenue to government expenditure. This causality result is in line with the tax-and-spend hypothesis as proposed by Friedman (1978).Finally, I estimate an error correction model and the error correction term shows that the speed of adjustment from the expenditure side works faster than that of the revenue side to correct the fiscal disequilibrium.
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Cumberlidge, Neil. "Notes on the taxonomy of West African gecarcinucids of the genus Globonautes Bott, 1959 (Decapoda, Brachyura)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 2210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-335.
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Globonautes leonensis n.sp. is described from three specimens from Sierra Leone, in the unnamed collection of the British Museum (Natural History), London. Globonautes monodosus Bott, 1959 is revived and redescribed from the holotype from Guinea. The gonopods of the holotype of Globonautes macropus (Rathbun, 1898) from Liberia (the type species of the genus Globonautes Bott, 1959) prove to be different from accounts in the literature, and throw into question the identity of Bott's species. The genus Globonautes is redefined, and a new key to distinguish between the species of the genus is provided.
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Skran, Claudena. "Unhcr’s Gender Policy for Refugees and Returnees in Sierra Leone." African and Asian Studies 14, no. 1-2 (March 27, 2015): 108–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341332.
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The challenge of ensuring the full reintegration of refugee women and returnees in post-conflict societies is an important one, yet there is gap in the literature that evaluates interventions designed to assist them. This article seeks to narrow this gap by examining the gender policy of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (unhcr) as applied to reintegration programs in Sierra Leone, particularly in Kailahun district. Using Amartya Sen’s concept of agency, the paper begins with an exploration of the pre-war status of women and girls in Sierra Leone and their marginalization in flight and exile. The paper then argues that the conceptual framework ofunhcr’s Community Empowerment Projects (ceps) created a foundation for an open, democratic process that, in theory, could lead to enhanced well-being for women as beneficiaries and greater political agency for them as decision-makers. In practice, thecepsresulted in the implementation of projects that benefited women both directly and indirectly, especially in the areas of water and sanitation and education. The lack of emphasis on health projects, however, especially when compared to the strong support for rebuilding community buildings controlled by elders, shows the impact of traditional, patriarchal decision-making on thecepprocess. The paper further argues that special women’s centers constructed or supported byunhcr, though small in number, both enhanced the well-being of and promoted political agency for women; this intervention contributed to the high levels of females elected as local officials in Kailahun district in the 2012 elections.
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Alabi, Adesanya M. "The Decline of Indigenous Language in African Literature: A Model of the Yoruba Language." African Research & Documentation 139 (2021): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00023980.
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“African literature has presented a lot of problems especially what is to be considered African literature, in which language it should be written, what it should be about, and who should be considered an African writer“(Ndede, 2016:2). This article discusses the linguistic hegemony of the colonial languages with particular reference to Yoruba. “The Yoruba country lies roughly between latitudes 6° and 9°N and longitudes 2° 30’ and 6° 30’ East. The area spreads across the republics of Benin and Togo. The Yoruba are also found in such places as Sierra Leone, Gambia and across the Atlantic in the Caribbean and South America especially in Brazil” (Atanda, 1996; cited in Salawu, 2004).According to Arifalo and Ogen, Yoruba people are forty million worldwide and they further assert that the Yoruba ethnic group is one of the biggest in West Africa (Arifalo and Ogen, 2003; cited in Salawu, 2004).
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Sawyerr, Ebun S. "Conservation of Distance in African Children from Rural and Urban Schools." Perceptual and Motor Skills 74, no. 3_suppl (June 1992): 1019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.74.3c.1019.
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This paper contains a review of the small literature on the association of rural/urban residence and attainment of distance conservation among African children and an account of a study of the age at which children in Sierra Leone, West Africa, attain conservation. 150 children from the ages of 8 to 18 years, from rural and urban schools, were assigned Piagetian tasks to judge their conservation of distance. Analysis showed that at 11 + years, conservation was observed and that there was no significant difference between the urban sample and the rural one. Several confounds in the data limit conclusions but use of the children's own languages was possible in some experiments.
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Ménard, Anaïs, and Maarten Bedert. "Introduction." African Diaspora 13, no. 1-2 (November 11, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725465-bja10021.
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Abstract This section introduction explores the imaginative dimension of mobility in two West African countries, Sierra Leone and Liberia. Building on literature that highlights the existential dimension of movement and migration, the authors explore three socio-cultural patterns that inform representations of im/mobility: historical continuities and the longue-durée perspective on mobile practices, the association of geographical mobility with social betterment, and the interaction between local aspirations and the imaginary of global modernity. The three individual contributions by Bedert, Enria and Ménard bring out the work of imagination attached to im/mobility both in ‘home’ countries and diaspora communities, and underline the continuity of representations and practices between spaces that are part of specific transnational social fields.
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Idriss, Ayesha, Karin Diaconu, Guanyang Zou, Reynold GB Senesi, Haja Wurie, and Sophie Witter. "Rural–urban health-seeking behaviours for non-communicable diseases in Sierra Leone." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 2 (February 2020): e002024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002024.
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IntroductionNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality globally. In Africa, they are expected to increase by 25% by 2030. However, very little is known about community perceptions of risk factors and factors influencing health-seeking behaviour, especially in fragile settings. Understanding these is critical to effectively address this epidemic, especially in low-resource settings.MethodsWe use participatory group model building techniques to probe knowledge and perceptions of NCD conditions and their causes, health-seeking patterns for NCDs and factors affecting these health-seeking patterns. Our participants were 116 local leaders and community members in three sites in Western Area (urban) and Bombali District (rural), Sierra Leone. Data were analysed using a prior framework for NCD care seeking developed in Ghana.ResultsOur findings suggest adequate basic knowledge of causes and symptoms of the common NCDs, in rural and urban areas, although there is a tendency to highlight and react to severe symptoms. Urban and rural communities have access to a complex network of formal and informal, traditional and biomedical, spiritual and secular health providers. We highlight multiple narratives of causal factors which community members can hold, and how these and social networks influence their care seeking. Care seeking is influenced by a number of factors, including supply-side factors (proximity and cost), previous experiences of care, disease-specific factors, such as acute presentation, and personal and community beliefs about the appropriateness of different strategies.ConclusionThis article adds to the limited literature on community understanding of NCDs and its associated health-seeking behaviour in fragile settings. It is important to further elucidate these factors, which power hybrid journeys including non-care seeking, failure to prevent and self-manage effectively, and considerable expenditure for households, in order to improve prevention and management of NCDs in fragile settings such as Sierra Leone.
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Millar, Gearoid. "For whom do local peace processes function? Maintaining control through conflict management." Cooperation and Conflict 52, no. 3 (October 5, 2016): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836716671757.
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Recent peacebuilding literature provides a sustained critique of externally designed conflict management processes and promotes instead local mechanisms. Such mechanisms, it is argued, will provide more ownership and agency to local actors and, thus, a more sustainable peace. But while there are many examples of local conflict management institutions, and many discussions of the hybrid outcomes of interaction between the global and local, the literature rarely explores exactly what transpires on the ground when international actors influence the operation of local peace processes; this article provides exactly this insight. The data presented illustrate how local conflict management institutions in rural Sierra Leone are subtly manipulated by actors – both international and local – to maintain and enhance existing relations of power. The article illustrates, therefore, the problems that arise when local conflict management institutions become interlaced with new forms of power and start themselves to serve as sites of contestation and resistance.
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Sharpe, Taylor, Christian Muragijimana, and Evan Thomas. "Product Design Supporting Improved Water, Sanitation, and Energy Services Delivery in Low-Income Settings." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 6717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236717.
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Several approaches have been proposed in the literature supporting product design applied in low-income settings. These approaches have typically focused on individual- and household-level beneficiaries, with an emphasis on participatory, human-centered co-design methods. In this paper, we present a design approach that is, in contrast, focused on supporting providers of improved water, sanitation, and energy services. We establish requirements for design in these contexts, especially addressing design iteration. We describe sets of feedback systems between designers and various sources of expert knowledge, codifying roles of design stakeholders in this context. We demonstrate these principles across three case studies: a sanitation service monitoring technology in Kenya; a water flowmeter technology in Kenya; and a water storage monitoring technology in Sierra Leone.
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Oswald, Christian, Melanie Sauter, Sigrid Weber, and Rob Williams. "Under the Roof of Rebels: Civilian Targeting After Territorial Takeover in Sierra Leone." International Studies Quarterly 64, no. 2 (February 26, 2020): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaa009.
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Abstract Do rebels target civilians as part of the process of establishing control in their territories? This research note shows that transition periods after rebels gain territorial control are remarkably violent for civilians. Speaking to the civilian victimization and rebel governance literature, we investigate the immediate time period after rebels successfully capture and hold territory. We argue that rebels use violence to gain compliance in newly captured territories until they are able to build up local capacities and institutions for peaceful governance. To test this argument, we draw on methodological advances in integrating event data and combine multiple datasets to study patterns of violence perpetrated by the Revolutionary United Front in Sierra Leone from 1997 to 2001. The findings of our spatiotemporal analysis show that civilian targeting increases in the period after rebels capture territory from the government compared to areas without territorial takeover, suggesting that life under the roof of rebels is initially more dangerous for civilians.
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Baú, Valentina. "Radio, conflict and land grabbing in Sierra Leone: Communicating rights and preventing violence through drama." Media, War & Conflict 12, no. 4 (August 2, 2018): 373–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635218789434.
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With a focus on entertainment education, this article sheds light on the effects of radio drama in addressing conflict over land governance. The discussion is built around the broadcast of Bush Wahala radio series during the recent land acquisition process that has taken place in Sierra Leone. Through the analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted by the author with rural farmers affected by this issue, on the one hand, this work generates reflections on the role of radio drama in providing listeners with alternative options to the use of violence and confrontation with the authorities in order to claim land rights; on the other hand, it represents an important contribution to the literature of edutainment in contexts of conflict, with a specific focus on the increasingly complex issue of land grabbing in the developing world.
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Lockard, Joe. "“I dreamt that the world was on fire”: Boston King’s Memoirs , Visionary Discourse, and Colonial Salvation." African American Review 56, no. 3 (September 2023): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/afa.2023.a920496.
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Abstract: Memoirs of Boston King, a Black Preacher appeared in serial form in The Methodist Magazine between March and June 1798. King escaped slavery in South Carolina, joined the British army to fight in the Revolutionary War, eventually resettled in Nova Scotia, and emigrated to Sierra Leone. This essay argues that readings of King’s Memoirs solely as a historical document are inadequate. The essay first summarizes King’s biography and contextualizes it within early Methodist history; a second section reads epiphanic visionary moments in King’s narrative; and a third section considers how colonial and white supremacist thought in the early Methodist church employed King’s narrative as a conversionary instrument.
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BARRON, Joshua Robert. "Missiology in Africa: Authentically African, Magisterially Missional [reviewing Kwiyani, Harvey, ed. Africa Bears Witness: Mission Theology and Praxis in the 21st Century]." African Christian Theology 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.69683/3h6d9j20.
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The chapters of this ecumenical volume are built around the premise that mission theology must reflect the “polycentric and multidirectional nature of mission in the twenty-first century” (xi). Exploring “mission theology and practice taking place in Africa today” (xii), it makes African theologizing on mission accessible both to those of us who live here and to World Christianity at large. Its contributors represent Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Uganda, and Zambia, as well as the African American Diasporic community. Editor and contributor Harvey Kwiyani is a Malawian missiologist and the founder and editor of Missio Africanus: A Journal of African Missiology. Because of its importance as a contribution to the literature on African missiology, this book warrants a review essay rather than a short review.
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Schneider, Luisa T. "The ogbanje who wanted to stay: The occult, belonging, family and therapy in Sierra Leone." Ethnography 18, no. 2 (October 25, 2016): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466138116673381.
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Although prominent in literature on West Africa and especially Nigeria, the phenomenon of ogbanjes in Sierra Leone is little discussed. By following the story of one ogbanje, this paper unravels their significance for social life, for local epistemologies and cosmologies in Freetown. The paper discusses personhood and morality, conceptions of femininity and motherhood as well as the search for culprits. It argues that ogbanjes have to be understood as avengers who, in the name of society, penalize those deeds of women which meet with the disapproval of the community. Ogbanjes embody a breakdown of accepted social concepts as they are able to openly articulate criticism towards their parents and elders and thus serve as a way to negotiate the coming of age. The negotiations over appropriate treatment of ogbanjes highlight the interplay between different forms of belief. In addition, ogbanjes provide coping mechanisms and explanatory tools for untimely deaths.
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Mulenga-Cilundika, Philippe, Joel Ekofo, Chrispin Kabanga, Bart Criel, Wim Van Damme, and Faustin Chenge. "Indirect Effects of Ebola Virus Disease Epidemics on Health Systems in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia: A Scoping Review Supplemented with Expert Interviews." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 13113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013113.
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Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) epidemics have been extensively documented and have received large scientific and public attention since 1976. Until July 2022, 16 countries worldwide had reported at least one case of EVD, resulting in 43 epidemics. Most of the epidemics occurred in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) but the largest epidemic occurred from 2014–2016 in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia in West Africa. The indirect effects of EVD epidemics on these countries’ health systems, i.e., the consequences beyond infected patients and deaths immediately related to EVD, can be significant. The objective of this review was to map and measure the indirect effects of the EVD epidemics on the health systems of DRC, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia and, from thereon, draw lessons for strengthening their resilience vis-à-vis future EVD outbreaks and other similar health emergencies. A scoping review of published articles from the PubMed database and gray literature was conducted. It was supplemented by interviews with experts. Eighty-six articles were included in this review. The results were structured based on WHO’s six building blocks of a health system. During the EVD outbreaks, several healthcare services and activities were disrupted. A significant decline in indicators of curative care utilization, immunization levels and disease control activities was noticeable. Shortages of health personnel, poor health data management, insufficient funding and shortages of essential drugs characterized the epidemics that occurred in the above-mentioned countries. The public health authorities had virtually lost their leadership in the management of an EVD response. Governance was characterized by the development of a range of new initiatives to ensure adequate response. The results of this review highlight the need for countries to invest in and strengthen their health systems, through the continuous reinforcement of the building blocks, even if there is no imminent risk of an epidemic.
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Vowles, Zoë, Regina Bash-Taqi, Alusine Kamara, Mabel Kuteh, Sergio A. Silverio, Ibrahim Turay, and Stephen Peckham. "The effect of becoming a Fistula Advocate on the recovery of women with Obstetric Fistula in Sierra Leone: A qualitative study." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 4 (April 12, 2023): e0000765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000765.
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Engaging women affected by Obstetric Fistula as advocates has been proposed as an effective strategy to raise awareness of the condition. Limited literature exists on the experience of those who become advocates. A model of community education, in Sierra Leone, trained women affected by Obstetric Fistula to become volunteer Fistula Advocates. This study explored Advocates’ perception of their role and its influence on their recovery and reintegration. This was a qualitative study, undertaken in Sierra Leone, collecting data from 7 Fistula Advocates and 3 Key Informants (with roles in either clinical or outreach care for women with Obstetric Fistula or training and supervision of Advocates), using semi-structured interviews. Data was subject to a thematic analysis and related to a conceptual framework for mental health recovery. Intrinsic factors motivating Advocates to undertake this role were influenced by psycho-social support received and the possibility for financial independence. Advocates used personal stories in their work to define a new identity, change perceptions and reduce stigma. Benefits associated with the interactions and relationships created through providing and receiving peer support were voiced. Surgical treatment was described as an important factor influencing recovery. The Advocates said economic empowerment helped recovery and reintegration, and the voluntary nature of the Advocate role limited the impact of this. Overall Advocates perceived their role positively, reporting psychological, social, and economic benefits. The complexities of recovery from Obstetric Fistula were highlighted and connections drawn between the treatment of physical symptoms, the socio-cultural context and mental health recovery. They described the role positively influencing existing relationships and initiating supportive, empowering social interactions between women affected by Obstetric Fistula and with Non-Governmental Organisation staff and community members. The study offers insights into the potential for community-based approaches to facilitate access to treatment for sensitive and stigmatising health problems and support recovery.