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Journal articles on the topic 'Sigismund Sigismund'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Paxton, Frederick S. "Liturgy and Healing in an Early Medieval Saint's Cult: The Massin honore sancti Sigismundifor the Cure of Fevers." Traditio 49 (1994): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362152900012988.

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InThe Glory of the Martyrs, a collection of miracle stories completed by the early 590s, Bishop Gregory of Tours included a chapter on the Burgundian king Sigismund. A Catholic convert from the Arian Christianity of his father, Sigismund had founded a monastery at Agaune, the present St.-Maurice, Switzerland (Wallis/Valais), in the year 515. After he died in 523, at the hands of Chlodomer, one of the sons of Clovis, his body lay in a well at St.-Péravy-la-Colombe near Orléans (where the Franks had thrown it) until the abbot Venerandus brought it back to St.-Maurice in 535/36 for burial. Over the next fifty years or so, Sigismund gained the reputation as a saint and as a source of healing power over fevers. About Sigismund's posthumous fame, Gregory recorded that “whenever people suffering from chills piously celebrate a mass in his honor and make an offering to God for the king's repose, immediately their tremors cease, their fevers disappear, and they are restored to their earlier health.” Gregory's reference to a mass in honor of Sigismund is as unusual as is the very existence of such a celebration, for theMissa sancti Sigismundiis an early and peculiar example of a new development in the Latin liturgy in late antiquity, themissa votivaor votive mass. Votive masses differed from traditional forms of eucharistic celebration because they could be offered for a particular purpose and at the special request of a member (or members) of a congregation. Unlike theMissa sancti Sigismundi, however, most other early votive masses had generalized titles such asmissa votivaormissa pro vivorum et mortuorum.The mass in honor of St. Sigismund is, as far as I can tell, unique in its appeal to the intercession of a particular saint for a specific purpose—the cure of fevers.

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2

Durrell, Jane. "Sigismund Thalberg." History of Photography 15, no. 1 (March 1991): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03087298.1991.10443134.

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3

Schmenk, Holger. "Carl Albert Sigismund Cuno." Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein 211, no. 1 (December 2008): 269–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/annalen.2008.211.1.269.

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4

Burduloi, Marta. "Sigismund Toduţă. Component Portrait." Review of Artistic Education 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rae-2019-0015.

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Abstract The figure of the composer Sigismund Toduţă is among those creators whose style, although having a constant evolution towards complexity over several creative periods, remains essentially unitary from a stylistic point of view, rendering it recognizable by constant compositional masterpieces throughout his entire work.131 The existence of a significant number of studies, articles, analyses, integrated in various journalistic contexts (magazines, lexicons, doctoral theses), concerning various aspects of Toduţă creation, has made it possible to outline even from the beginning a general picture of the composer’s style, a valuable starting point for deepening the research in the spirit of the chosen theme.

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5

Miłosz, Czesław, and Robert Hass. "My Grandfather Sigismund Kunat." Chicago Review 46, no. 3/4 (2000): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25304523.

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6

Glatstein, Jeremy. "Sigismund Bacstrom's Alchemical Manuscripts." Getty Research Journal 2 (January 2010): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/grj.2.23005416.

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7

Obradovic, Nenad. "Zsigmond király és Lazarević István despota." Egyházmegyék – királyság – Szent Korona 33, no. 1 (2021): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2021.1.4.

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The paper offers us opportunity to form a timeline of the Despots entry in the vassality with the Hungarian King Sigismund. According to our sources the entry happened after Decemeber 18th 1403, and before April 16th 1404, when the despot was referred to as a vasal of King Sigismund in a letter to the Duke of Burgundy.

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8

Eltis, D. "Shorter notice. Kaiser Sigismund. Hoensch." English Historical Review 114, no. 455 (February 1999): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/enghis/114.455.162.

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9

Eltis, D. "Shorter notice. Kaiser Sigismund. Hoensch." English Historical Review 114, no. 455 (February 1, 1999): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/114.455.162.

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10

Eltis, D. "Shorter notice. Kaiser Sigismund. Hoensch." English Historical Review 114, no. 454 (February 1, 1999): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/114.454.162.

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11

Kaiser, H. "Sigismund Albicus (um 1358–1427)." Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 65, no. 3 (May 2006): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00393-005-0022-3.

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12

Grzegorzewski, M., Z. Boroń, W. Laser, and A. Florkowski. "The Royal Princess Anna Vasa." Acta Radiologica 37, no. 1P1 (January 1996): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02841851960371p126.

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Radiological findings on the skeleton of the Royal Princess Anna Vasa are presented. Anna Vasa (1568–1625) was the sister of Sigismund Vasa, who reigned as Sigismund III, king of Sweden and Poland. She was born in Sweden but spent most of her life in Poland. Her skeleton was removed from the tomb in Toruń during restoration work at St. Mary's Church in April 1994. It was then subjected to anthropological and radiological examinations (conventional radiography and CT). The studies revealed a number of anatomical deviations and pathological abnormalities; e.g., basilar impression and congenital anomalies of the spine. These findings can explain many of the complaints troubling Anna Vasa during her lifetime. A fragmentary historical outline and biography of Anna Vasa and Sigismund III are also presented.

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13

Brzozowski, Jacek. "Sigismund I and the Crown Senate." Białostockie Teki Historyczne, no. 9 (2011): 11–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bth.2011.09.01.

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14

Knoll, Paul W., and Elemer Malyusz. "Kaiser Sigismund in Ungarn 1387-1437." American Historical Review 96, no. 5 (December 1991): 1518. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2165313.

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15

Peterson, Christian A. "Sigismund Blumann, California editor and photographer." History of Photography 26, no. 1 (March 2002): 53–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03087298.2002.10443254.

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16

Funck, Jelena. "Otto Sigismund Runge in St. Petersburg." Jahrbuch der Berliner Museen 38 (1996): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4122673.

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17

Harris, James C. "Alchemist Sendivogius and Sigismund III Vasa." Archives of General Psychiatry 68, no. 8 (August 1, 2011): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.89.

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18

Juckes, Tim. "Sigismundus ? Rex et Imperator, Art and Culture during the Time of Sigismund of Luxembourg, 1387?1437." Renaissance Studies 21, no. 1 (February 2007): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-4658.2007.00368.x.

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19

Graczyk, Waldemar. ""Tu o Polskę i wszystko idzie”. Senatorska aktywność biskupa płockiego Stanisława Łubieńskiego w latach 1627-1632." Saeculum Christianum 27 (May 14, 2020): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/sc.2020.27.w.sp.6.

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Stanisław Łubieński, as a senator and bishop, had a great influence on the staffing posts and dignities in the diocese of Płock. His rule in the diocese coincided with the Swedish war, the effects of which particularly affected the northern parts of the diocese of Płock. This influenced the evolution of Łubieński’s views from supporting military action to postulating peace as soon as possible. The second issue raised by Łubieński was the matter of the succession to the throne after Sigismund III and the vivente rege election. The articulation of this issue in the Sejms of 1626 and 1631 resulted from his conviction that the best solution for the Commonwealth was to elect Władysław, the eldest son of Sigismund, as king.

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20

Kaczorowski, Włodzimierz. "Świętosław Orzelski – XVI-wieczny działacz parlamentarny, mówca i historyk." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 17, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1537.

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Świętosław Orzelski (1549–1598), Starost of Radziejów, actively participated in the political life of the noblemen’s Republic of Poland as a parliamentary activist and Member of Parliament. As a deputy he participated in 13 sessions of Parliament, including 6 sessions during the rule of Stefan Batory and 7 ones in the reign of Sigismund III Vasa. He was a talented politician, continuing the best traditions of the execution faction. As one of the seniors of the Augsburg denomination, he belonged to the group of leaders in the fight for religious tolerance. His historical work under the title Acta interregni post obitum nimirum Sigismundi Augusti remained in the form of manuscript for many years. It was not published in the Polish translation until the 19th century by Włodzimierz Spasowicz, and in its original form by Edward Kuntze in 1917. At present, a new edition of the work by Świętosław Orzelski is being prepared. In the first place, an introductory volume will be published, containing Orzelski’s biography, his speeches and letters dedicated to public matters.

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21

Löhr, Wolfgang. "WILHELM BAUM: Kaiser Sigismund. Hus, Konstanz und Türkenkriege." Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein 198, jg (December 1995): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/annalen-1995-jg27.

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22

Lohr, Wolfgang. "WILHELM BAUM: Kaiser Sigismund. Hus, Konstanz und Türkenkriege." Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein 198, jg (December 1995): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/annalen-1995-jg28.

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23

Battenberg, J. Friedrich. "Wilhelm Baum, Kaiser Sigismund, Hus, Konstanz und Türkenkriege." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 112, no. 1 (August 1, 1995): 518–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgga.1995.112.1.518.

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24

Defrenet, Bernard. "Sigismund et les Érinyes de la reine Amalia." Le Coq-héron N°226, no. 3 (2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cohe.226.0044.

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25

Barnard, Hilary. "Book Reviews : Mapping Strategic Thought Anne Sigismund Huff (Ed." Management Education and Development 23, no. 2 (July 1992): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135050769202300220.

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26

Scholz, Christian. "Book Reviews : Anne Sigismund Huff (ed.): Mapping Strategic Thought." Organization Studies 13, no. 4 (October 1992): 665–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/017084069201300411.

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27

Rankelienė, Sondra. "The Books of Sigismund II Augustus in Vilnius University Library: Decorations of Book Covers and New Data about Provenances." Knygotyra 74 (July 9, 2020): 35–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/knygotyra.2020.74.46.

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In this article, the latest data about the personal book collection items of King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Sigismund II Augustus in Vilnius University (VU) Library are presented. The authors that have been doing research on these books have not ascertained all of the embossed images that were used for cover decoration and have not identified the locations of where these books were bound and have not disclosed all of the provenances. In order to amend the lack of knowledge about the books of Sigismund II Augustus in VU library, the book covers of the King’s personal library were reviewed de visu and decorative ornaments were described. The ownership signs of the books were registered once again. While describing and comparing these books with the copies in various libraries of the world, the number of physical books (14) and publications in composite volumes (21) kept in VU library was assessed. The name of one book and a publisher’s imprint of two books were specified, eight provenances that were not mentioned by previous authors were registered. While describing book covers, the embossed images were given provisory names. Connections between the supralibros, dates of binding, decorative wheels, single embossed images, and other decorative elements were detected and lead to a reasonable conclusion that eight out of fourteen books from the Sigismund II Augustus collection were bound in Kraków, five were bound by bookbinders in Vilnius, while one was rebound in the 18th century. The identification of tools used by craftsmen that worked in Kraków and Vilnius will allow to ascertain the manufacturing location of similar book covers made in the middle of the 16th century.

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28

Davies, Brian. "Polish-Lithuanian Mercenaries in Muscovy’s Time of Troubles." Russian History 42, no. 1 (February 6, 2015): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04201009.

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This article argues for placing greater emphasis on the impact of Polish military intervention upon the course of the Time of Troubles in Muscovy. Before 1610 such intervention took the form of adventurism by Polish nobles leading mercenary bands and operating without the approval of King Sigismund III.

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29

Anusik, Zbigniew. "The royal blood. Polish descendants of Sigismund I the Old and Katarzyna Telniczanka in the old Polish times." Przegląd Nauk Historycznych 17, no. 3 (December 13, 2018): 29–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1644-857x.17.03.02.

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The research undertaken by the Author concentrates on Polish descendants of Regina, the elder of two daughters of King Sigismund I the Old and his long time mistress – Katarzyna Telniczanka. Until now, it was assumed that the last descendants of the king were his great-grandsons – Władysław Strasz of Białaczów and his sister Krystyna who lived in the first half of the 17th century. Thanks to the documents found by the Author, it was possible to establish that the mother of the above-mentioned Władysław and Krystyna – Urszula Strasz née Kreza, had a sister – Zofia, who married Baltazar Lutomirski. From her daughter, Zofia née Lutomirski 1st married Stanisław Trembiński (Trębiński), 2nd married Franciszek Szamowski, come all descendants of Sigismund I the Old and Katarzyna Telniczanka, both historical and living ones. The article presents a list of all the king’s descendants from the beginning of the 16th to the turn of the 18th and 19th century. In total, it was 114 people (58 men and 56 women). It is worth noting that until the end of the first quarter of the 17thcentury, the descendants of Sigismund I and Katarzyna Telniczanka were Calvinists. They were almost exclusively representatives of wealthy and middle-class nobles. There were no senators among them and only a few were land officers. Yet, the Author’s list of descendants of the penultimate Jagiellon on the Polish throne is by no means complete. In a few cases it was impossible to find a source that would confirm whether a married couple mentioned in the article had children. Many times the Author had to underline that the fate of a certain person is unknown to him. This stands a chance for further researchers to fill that gap.

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30

Bárány, Attila. "“On Tour” from Aachen to Rome." East Central Europe 47, no. 1 (April 11, 2020): 107–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763308-04701008.

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Sigismund of Luxemburg, King of Hungary spent much time journeying abroad. His “itinerant” court visited diverse places from Istria to Wallachia. The members of his entourage, mainly a new generation of homo novus lords, escorted him from the Aachen (1414) to the Rome (1433) coronations and were active in foreign service. This article reconstructs the itinerant entourage mostly during the Council of Constance (1414–18). It also aims to explore which “core” members of the retinue accompanied the king most of the time and show that there emerged an inner circle commissioned with special tasks. As an evidentiary control sample, the article uses Sigismund’s second period of journeys (1430–1434). There will be two further pieces of corresponding evidence examined, a list enumerated by Eberhard Windecke (1422) and a 1430 Nuremberg register. In order to give a descriptive list, the range of the available sources undergo a methodological analysis (direct and indirect evidence: royal letters and commissions; safe conducts; charters issued in personis and in praesentibus; armales and ius gladii donations; prorogatio and papal supplicatio documents; chancery writs signing someone’s relatio; narrative and iconographic sources). A possible reconstruction of Sigismund’s retinue is given in an appendix, on the grounds of which one may conclude that the king had a special company by his side. The presence of “a Constance group” was constant in the 1420s–30s. There are some “permanently” serving families. A nucleus was being formulated, remaining together from Aachen to Rome.

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31

Pashkin, Nikolai. "International Politics and the Greek-Latin Union at the European Church Councils in the First Half of the 15th Century." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 6 (February 2021): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.6.22.

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Introduction. The article is aimed at studying the negotiations on the Greek-Latin Church Union at the Church Councils in Constance (1414–1418) and Basel (1431–1449), which were the predecessors of the Council of Ferrara-Florence (1438–1439) in this matter. Since they were generated by internal processes in the Latin West, they originally had not direct relationship to Byzantium. Methods and materials. The reason for the appeal of Councils to the problem of the Church Union should be sought in the field of Western international policy. It acted here as a tool for solving political problems by different actors. Analysis. At the Council of Constance the discussion of the Greek-Latin Union was initiated by Poland and Lithuania, who used it as a means of political propaganda against the Teutonic Order. The Council of Basel subsequently entered into direct negotiations with Byzantium. The reason for this was at first internecine strife in the Duchy of Lithuania, which interfered with Poland, the Teutonic Order and King Sigismund. The Council initiated consideration of the Church Union in order to support the Lithuanian Duke Švitrigaila in the struggle for the throne. As a result Byzantium was included also in the negotiations with the Council of Basel. But in 1435 Švitrigaila was defeated in the clash with Poland and its ally Duke Sigismund Kęstutaitis. This defeat undermined the influence of Sigismund of Luxembourg at the Council of Basel. The King began his rapprochement with the Pope and Venice, and the Council of Basel was influenced by their political rivals, such as Milan and France. The theme of the Church Union at the Council became an instrument of struggle for political interests between these groups of political subjects. As a result, the struggle led to sharp disputes over the choice of the place for the Greek-Latin Council. The main options were Italy and French Avignon. The Byzantines chose the first option. But Byzantium was not the subject of the policy that created the situation of this choice. In the West this policy has led to significant changes. Results. The results of the negotiations on the Church Union at the Council of Basel displayed the fall of the role of imperial policy in the Latin West, which was represented by the King and Emperor Sigismund Luxembourg. The Empire was losing control of Italy. The result was the withdrawal of the papacy from its influence and the strengthening of Venice. Their union stood behind the Council of Ferrara-Florence. Outside Italy this Council has not received recognition.

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32

Aichhorn, Thomas. "« Freud avant Freud », à propos du lycéen Sigismund / Sigmund Freud." Adolescence T.32 3, no. 3 (2014): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ado.089.0621.

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33

Kamieniak, Jean-Pierre. "L'éveil du printemps de Sigismund et l'embarras du savant Freud." Le Coq-héron 219, no. 4 (2014): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cohe.219.0112.

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34

İNAN ALİYAZICIOĞLU, Zeynep. "Avusturyalı Diplomat Sigismund Von Herberstein ve Buda'da Osmanlı Elçiliğine Dai." Journal of Turkish Research Institute, no. 66 (January 1, 2019): 611–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14222/turkiyat4211.

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35

Pashkin, Nikolai G. "Aims of the Byzantine Attack on Gallipoli in 1410." Античная древность и средние века 48 (2020): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/adsv.2020.48.010.

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This research suggests an interpretation of the reasons behind the Byzantine attack on the Turkish fort of Gallipoli in spring 1410. The citadel that controlled Dardanelles was attacked by a squadron of eight ships. This operation is considered not successful. However, there are reasons to consider that initially Greeks did not plan to take the town. The search for the proofs should be in the sphere of international relations. In the period in question, the Byzantine policy was influenced by contradictions between Venice and Hungarian king Sigismund of Luxembourg concerning Dalmatia. Their interests were also connected with Gallipoli, so the question of the status of the fort could only aggravate their relations. The incipient conflict was dangerous for Byzantium. The Turkish factor was also important in this conflict: one more time, it turned against Byzantium and did not allow it to maintain the peace with the Ottomans concluded in 1403. The Byzantine emperor’s reaction to the crisis can be considered as an attempt of meditation by renewal of the treaty with the Turks, with participation of Western states. The main problem was king Sigismund’s position: a contact with him became necessary. In spring 1410, Byzantine diplomats along with the Pope prepared conditions for the meeting with the Hungarian ambassador in Italy. However, Sigismund’s desirable reaction followed just after the Byzantine attack on Gallipoli. From the analysis of the facts and chronology, there are reasons to conclude that the military operation in question was planned specifically to provoke the king to negotiations, which took place in Bologna in June of the same year.

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36

Rudenko, Oleksii. "Creating the image of the King: the early modern woodcut of Sigismund Augustus from ‘Confessio fidei’ by Stanislaus Hosius." Text and Image: Essential Problems in Art History, no. 1 (2020): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-4801.2020.1.04.

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My article is devoted to the woodcut with the image of Polish King Sigismund II Augustus Jagiellon (1520-1572) and to the possible authorship of this early modern emblem. The composition for the first time is noted in the second Vienna 1560 edition of ‘Confessio fidei’, written by Polish bishop and later – a Cardinal – Stanislaus Hosius (Stanisław Hozjusz). The same emblem is inserted in the 1561 Vienna edition, but is absent from all further reprints. At the same time, the National Museum in Cracow defines the origination of this woodcut from the city of Mainz and dates it back to 1557, however, in the existing exemplars of the 1557 print in The Princes Czartoryski Library and The Bavarian State Library in Munich this woodcut is not present. In my article, I elucidate the artistic peculiarities of the composition of this emblem – the King’s portrait, the role of the framing of his figure with the dynastic and territorial coats of arms, and also analyse and translate the text of the 12-line poem in Latin. The poem interpreted the successes of Sigismund II, firstly, with the origins of his name from the ancient Roman princeps Octavius Augustus, and secondly, by the King’s faithfulness to the Catholic Church. Considering the appointment of Hosius as the nuncio to Vienna in 1559, the direct involvement of the bishop into the creation of this emblem is perceived as quite likely, especially in spite of Hosius’s activity in the Counter-Reformation processes in Europe. This was conducted for two purposes: in order to accomplish a specific didactic-catholic mission for Maximilian II Habsburg, as well as to promote the image of Sigismund Augustus in the international arena. In the article, the attention is focused on the ancient reminiscences, referred by the author, and the possible further research paths of the classical reception are defined in the context of early modern Europe.

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37

Owens, Samantha. "The Stuttgart "Adonis": A Recently Rediscovered Opera by Johann Sigismund Cousser?" Musical Times 147, no. 1896 (October 1, 2006): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25434405.

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38

Bárány, Attila. "Medieval Hungarian Royal Memorials: King Sigismund of Luxemburg on English Manuscripts." Acta Historiae Artium 51, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 31–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/ahista.51.2010.1.3.

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39

Altin, Kutse. "The Reception of John Sigismund Szapolyai in Hungarian and Ottoman Chronicles." Court Historian 26, no. 2 (May 4, 2021): 144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1945332.

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40

Bond, H. Lawrence, Geerald Christianson, and Thomas M. Izbicki. "Nicholas of Cusa: ‘On Presidential Authority in a General Council’." Church History 59, no. 1 (March 1990): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3169083.

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In late 1433, after two years of intrigue and negotiations, Pope Eugenius IV agreed to acknowledge the legitimate existence of the Council of Basel. The recently crowned Emperor Sigismund had gone to Basel, and numberous clerics, including many cardinals, had abandoned the curia for the council. An obstreperous duke of Milan threatened the papal states “in the name of the holy synod,” and in May 1434 the populace of Rome rebelled, foreing the pope to flee down the Tiber.

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41

Gamurari, Pavel. "ROMANIAN POETRY FROM THE TWENTIETH CENTURY AND MUSIC." Akademos 60, no. 1 (June 2021): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52673/18570461.21.1-60.16.

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The article outlines approaches and syntheses of high complexity, made within the framework of reference compositional creations by leading composers from Romania and the Republic of Moldova. Among them are Sigismund Toduta, Paul Constantinescu, Vasile Spatarelu, Felicia Donceanu, Viorel Munteanu, Dan Voiculescu, Vladimir Rotaru, Vlad Burlea, etc. The compositional approaches to poetic sources, which fall within the musical trends of the 20th century and are representative of national and universal music, are particularly diverse and original.

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Crowe, David. "The Roma (Gypsies) in Hungary through the Kadar Era." Nationalities Papers 19, no. 3 (1991): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999108408205.

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There have been Roma or Gypsies in Hungary for over 650 years. Historical records indicate that they entered Hungary between 1416 and 1417 from Transylvania during the reign of King Sigismund (1387–1437), though linguistic evidence indicates that they had begun to settle there earlier. In 1423, Sigismund granted the Gypsy leader, Ladislas, and his followers, certain rights of transit, and they began to flock to Hungary. Most settled in the outskirts of villages or towns, and became prominent in some parts of the country as blacksmiths.From the outset, the Gypsies were subjected to varying degrees of discrimination. In the 18th century, Empress Maria Theresa (1740–1780), after Pope Clement XIII granted her the right to become Apostolic ruler of Hungary, adopted policies designed to force the Roma to assimilate into Hungarian society. She outlawed use of the word Cigány and decreed that Gypsies in the future be called “new citizen,” “new peasant,” or “new Hungarian.” In 1780, the government placed 8,388 Roma children in schools where they became wards of the state, and another 9,463 in foster homes. Within a few years, all of them had run away from these institutions or the families. The Gypsies responded with some outbreaks of violence in certain areas, though in most instances they simply left Hungary for other parts of Europe.

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Kaczorowski, Włodzimierz. "Legal, political and cultural heritage of the Polish Vasas (1588–1668): Culmination of the Year of the Vasas Celebrations." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 17, no. 4 (January 27, 2020): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1895.

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The quatercentenary anniversary of completion of the crucial phase of expansion of the Royal Castle in Warsaw initiated by King Sigismund III Vasa, which fell on 2019, offered a good occasion to carry out a series of scientific, editorial, exhibition and artistic events within the Year of the Vasas. The celebrations were inaugurated in February 2019 as a part of an initiative to present an overall picture of the reign-period of the Vasa Dynasty in the Polish Republic. In line with the organisers’ objective, the programme of the anniversary events was aimed at providing a thorough insight into and disseminating to an ever-wider public the knowledge about the over eight-decade-long period of the monarchy of the Polish Vasas – Sigismund III, Ladislaus IV and John II Casimir, falling in the late 16th century and the major part of the 17th century. The multidimensionality of the output provided by the representatives of the Vasa Dynasty on the Polish throne is illustrated particularly in the anthology The World of the Polish Vasas: Essays edited in 2019 under Jacek Żukowski and Zbigniew Hundert’s scientific supervision. This edition accompanies the monumental exhibition The World of the Polish Vasas: Space – People – Art organised by the Royal Castle in Warsaw – Museum between 6 November 2019 and 14 January 2020 as the culmination of the Year of the Vasas celebrations.

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Grzęda, Mateusz. "Kilka uwag o medalach portretowych Zygmunta I Starego." Artifex Novus, no. 4 (March 9, 2021): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/an.7923.

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Na początku XVI w. medal portretowy był jedną z najoryginalniejszych form reprezentacji, która dzięki dużej ilości informacji na temat przedstawionej osoby, skumulowanej w niewielkim, trwałym, mobilnym i łatwym do powielenia przedmiocie, doskonale odpowiadała renesansowemu postulatowi sławy i nieśmiertelności. Możliwości, jakie oferował ten gatunek artystyczny, zostały zauważone w dworskim kręgu Zygmunta I Starego (1507–1548), co zaowocowało kilkoma seriami lanych i bitych w różnych metalach medali przedstawiających polskiego króla, powstałych na przestrzeni drugiego i trzeciego dziesięciolecia XVI w. W artykule rozwadze poddano proweniencję artystyczną tych medali, okoliczności ich powstania oraz rolę, jaką mogły one pełnić w praktyce władzy Zygmunta I. Summary: At the dawn of the sixteenth century portrait medals counted among the most orginal forms of representation which providing plenty of information on represented individual and accumulating it in a small, durable, mobile and easily reproducible object, met the Renaissance demand of fame and immortality. Advantages of this medium have been noticed in the courtly circle of king of Poland Sigismund I the Old (r. 1507–1548) thus leading to creation of several series of medals cast and strack in various metals in the second and third decade of the sixteenth century. The paper discusses authorship of these medals, as well as circumstances of their production and the role they could have played in the propaganda of Sigismund I’s power.

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Rybalko, Natalia Vladimirovna, and Anastasia Viktorovna Ivina. "The orderly protégés of Sigismund III under the new tsar M.F. Romanov." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201764207.

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This paper discusses the key issue of the system management of the transition period - from the time of the Interregnum of Moscow State to the formation of the government of the new sovereign, Mikhail Romanov. Biographies of deacons and scribes of the closing period of Troubles are restored according to individual mentions, mainly in the act material and documents of official records management. Using the method of prosopography, the authors have systematized biographical information of individuals and analyzed collective portrait of employees, which allowed to reveal the general state policy in relation to the managers of higher and middle level of the central administrative apparatus. As a result of the study, it was possible to establish that 36 from 73 persons, fixed in the service in the boyar government of Moscow and under Sigismund III continued to work in the new government of Mikhail Romanov. From the 9 Duma clerks - 3 people, from 37 clerks - 22 people, from 27 junior employees at Mikhail Romanov - 11 people. The removal touched, mainly, the Duma clerks. Most of middle-level employees like professional managers were not suspended from work for political reasons, which correlates with the general trend of the Trouble Time at the beginning of the 17 century. 60% of middle-level employees of Boyar government, which previously supported the power of Sigismund III, continued their work in the new government of Mikhail Romanov.

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Salamon, Maciej. "Emperor Sigismund and the Orthodox World ed. by Ekaterini Mitsiou et al." Catholic Historical Review 101, no. 2 (2015): 362–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.2015.0072.

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Guile, Carolyn. "Review: King Sigismund Chapel at Cracow Cathedral (1515–1533) by Stanisław Mossakowski." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 73, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2014.73.1.173.

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Svoljšak, Sonja. "English Editions and Works by English-Speaking Authors in Sigismund Zois’s Library." Library 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 371–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/20.3.371.

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Abstract Baron Sigismund Zois of Ljubljana (1747–1819), who played a key role in the cultural and scientific advancement of the Enlightenment in Carniola, acquired an extensive book collection. Most of this collection, comprising 2,295 titles in approximately 5,000 volumes is now kept at the National and University Library in Ljubljana. This paper analyses a less known segment of Zois’s library, the English editions and works by English-speaking authors that make up more than ten per cent of his collection, in relation to his scientific interests and to other specific circumstances. An attempt is made to reconstruct the acquisition channels for these English editions, based on Zois’s remaining personal documents and correspondence. The collection was dispersed through the stacks during the 1820s and 1830s, and is currently being reconstructed as a part of the celebrations marking the 200th anniversary of Zois’s death.

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Eidsvåg, Gunnar Magnus. "Sigfried Kreuzer, Martin Meiser og Marcus Sigismund: Die Septuaginta Entstehung, Sprache, Geschichte." Teologisk tidsskrift 2, no. 01 (March 19, 2013): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1893-0271-2013-01-07.

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Eilbart, Natalia. "Polish Notes on Moscow Documents of the Time of Troubles: Historical and Linguistic Analysis." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 2 (April 2019): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.2.6.

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Introduction. The article analyzes Polish markings made on documents of Moscow origin during the Time of Troubles. Materials. For analysis we took documents stored in the archives of St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences (petitions of nobles, merchants and peasants to Moscow princes, King Sigismund III and Prince Vladislav), as well as documents from the Smolensk archive, which are located in the State Archives of Sweden (Riksarkivet). Two categories of documents stand out: petitions of Moscow nobles addressed to King Sigismund III and Prince Vladislav, as well as other documents that fell into the hands of the Poles after the fall of Smolensk in 1611. We included in the last category the documents of Smolensk Provincial Prikaz and the personal archive of voevoda M.B. Shein as well. After a long stay in the territory of the Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth, a part of The Smolensk Archive came to Sweden during the Polish-Swedish war (the “Flood”), a part settled in the continental Europe, later re-entered the territory of Russia due to the activities of the Archaeographic Commission. Methods. We used the methods of comparative linguistic analysis, the method of comparison, the system method, as well as the narrative and historical-genetic methods. Results. Polish inscriptions on documents of Moscow origin testify to the great influence of the Russian language on Polish and the appearance of numerous Russisms in the Polish language.

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