Academic literature on the topic 'Siglec- 9'
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Journal articles on the topic "Siglec- 9"
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Molina, Irina Miralda, Nyssa Becker Samanas, and Adrian Martin Piliponsky. "Ligation of Siglec-9 inhibits FcɛRI-dependent mediator release from human mast cells." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2022): 49.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.49.18.
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Abstract Mast cell activation is critical for the development of allergic diseases. Ligation of Sialic acid-binding immunoglobin-like lectins (Siglecs) such as Siglec-7 and 8 has been shown to inhibit mast cell activation and is considered one of the main approaches to reduce mast cell contribution to allergic disease. Recent high throughput studies provided evidence that human mast cells express Siglec-9, an inhibitory receptor that is mainly expressed by innate immune cells such as neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils. Based on this evidence, we aimed to examine Siglec-9 expression and function in human mast cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that Siglec-9 is expressed in the human mast cell lines LAD2, LUVA, and HMC-1, and in peripheral blood-derived cultured human mast cells (PBCMCs). The expression of Siglec-9 in PBCMCs peaks at week 5 of culture and correlates positively with the expression of the high affinity receptor for IgE (FcɛRI). Pre-treatment of human mast cells with the Siglec-9 agonists glycophorin A or high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) followed by FcɛRI-dependent stimulation has an inhibitory effect on mast cell degranulation. SIGLEC9 gene disruption by CRISPR/Cas9 editing resulted in a significant reduction in Siglec-9 expression in LAD2 cells that also became impervious to inhibition by Siglec-9 agonists. Together, our data shows that human mast cells express Siglec-9 and that engaging this inhibitory receptor can reduce mast cell degranulation.
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Schmassmann, Philip, Tomás A. Martins, Michal Stanczak, Marie-Françoise Ritz, Tala Shekarian, Marta McDaid, Heinz Läubli, and Gregor Hutter. "EXTH-45. MICROGLIA-SPECIFIC DISRUPTION OF SIALIC ACID-SIGLEC-9/E INTERACTIONS: A NOVEL IMMUNOTHERAPY AGAINST GLIOBLASTOMA?" Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.684.
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Abstract Recently, ‘don’t eat me’-signals like CD47 have emerged as novel innate immune checkpoints, enabling cancer cells to evade clearance by phagocytes such as monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) or microglia (MG). Here, we aim at defining the role of inhibitory Siglec-9 in human and its mouse homologue Siglec-E in MG-centered immunotherapy against GBM. TCGA RNA-sequencing data revealed a significant correlation between high expression of immunoinhibitory SIGLEC9 and poor survival in GBM patients (log-rank p = 0.02). Siglec-E blockade increased murine MG mediated GBM cell in vitro phagocytosis (normalized phagocytosis of 1.00 in isotype vs. 1.76 in anti-Siglec-E antibody, p < 0.001). By employing a CT-2A orthotopic GBM mouse model with MG-specific spatio-temporal deletion of Siglece (Sall1 CreERT2 x Siglece flox ), we observed high MG-proliferation upon Siglec-E knockdown (Ki-67+ MG 14.8% in Cre- vs. 34.9% in Cre+, p < 0.0001) accompanied by an enhanced microglial GBM-cell uptake (5.6% in Cre- vs. 12.3% in Cre+, p < 0.001). This beneficial response was counteracted by an accentuated influx of pro-tumorigenic MDM in the Cre+ group (CD163high CD86low MDM of total MDM 47.1% in Cre- vs. 65.3% in Cre+, p = 0.002), which prevented an efficient adaptive anti-tumor immune response and survival benefit. Currently, we are investigating the cross-talk between GBM-associated MG and MDM upon Siglec-E knockdown by scRNAseq of the tumor-infiltrating immune compartment, including TCR-clonotype tracking. By genetically targeting sialic acids, the ligand for Siglec receptors, on CT-2A cells (GNE-KO), we observed a strong innate and adaptive immune response with less exhausted tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells (14.8% in WT vs. 5.9% in GNE-KO, p = 0.003), which resulted in a prolonged survival (30d in WT vs. 41d post-tumor-injection in GNE-KO, p = 0.03). These data identify the sialic-acid-Siglec-E pathway as an anti-phagocytic signal in a pre-clinical GBM model, and demonstrate its therapeutic potential in GBM immunotherapy.
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Schmassmann, P., J. Roux, T. A. Martins, M. Ritz, T. Shekarian, M. McDaid, and H. Läubli G. Hutter. "PL02.2.A Microglia-specific disruption of sialic acid-Siglec-9/E interactions. A novel immunotherapy against glioblastoma?" Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_2 (September 1, 2022): ii2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac174.005.
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Abstract Background Recently, ‘don’t eat me’-signals like CD47 have emerged as novel innate immune checkpoints, enabling cancer cells to evade clearance by phagocytes such as monocyte-derived macrophages (MdM) or microglia (MG). Here, we aim at defining the role of inhibitory Siglec-9 in human and its mouse homologue Siglec-E in MG-centered immunotherapy against GBM. Material and Methods We employed a CT-2A orthotopic GBM mouse model with MG specific (Sall1CreERT2 x Sigleceflox) and whole innate-compartment (Cx3cr1CreERT2 x Sigleceflox) spatio-temporal deletion of Siglece. We applied multi-color flow cytometry, transcriptomics and proteomics analysis to decipher the immune response upon Siglece knockout. Results TCGA RNA-sequencing data revealed a significant correlation between high expression of immunoinhibitory SIGLEC9 and poor survival in GBM patients (log-rank p = 0.02). Siglec-E blockade increased murine MG mediated GBM cell in vitro phagocytosis (normalized phagocytosis of 1.00 in isotype vs. 1.76 in anti-Siglec-E antibody, p < 0.001). In the MG specific spatio-temporal deletion of Siglece (Sall1CreERT2 xSigleceflox), we observed high MG-proliferation upon Siglec-E knockout (Ki-67+ MG 14.8% in Cre- vs. 34.9% in Cre+, p < 0.0001) accompanied by an enhanced microglial GBM-cell uptake (5.6% in Cre- vs. 12.3% in Cre+, p < 0.001). By extending the Siglece knockout to the MdM compartment in our glioma mouse model (Cx3cr1CreERT2 x Sigleceflox) we observed a significantly prolonged survival in the Cx3cr1Cre+ population (21d in Cre- vs. 27d post-tumor injection in Cre+, p = 0.018), which could be further promoted by combining Siglece knockout with CD47 blockade (30d post-tumor injection in Cre+ + anti-CD47). Unbiased proteomics analysis revealed increased antigen processing and presentation capabilities of Siglece knockout MdMs which was confirmed by ex-vivo OT-1 cross-presentation assays. This bridging of innate and adaptive responses with increased T cell priming upon MdM Siglece knockout was further promoted by addition of anti-PD1 antibody to the combined Siglece knockout and anti-CD47 treatment arm. Animals harboring CT-2A tumors, exhibited a sustained survival benefit under the triple therapy, with 23% of animals experiencing long-term remission, even after tumor re-challenge into the contra-lateral hemisphere. By genetically targeting sialic acids, the ligand for Siglec receptors, on CT-2A cells (GNE-KO), we observed a strong innate and adaptive immune response with increased GBM-cell phagocytosis by MG and MdMs and less exhausted tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells (14.8% in WT vs. 5.9% in GNE-KO, p = 0.003). Conclusion These data identify the sialic-acid-Siglec-E pathway as an anti-phagocytic signal in a pre-clinical GBM model, and demonstrate its therapeutic potential in GBM immunotherapy.
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Mitic, N., B. Milutinovic, and M. Jankovic. "Assessment of Sialic Acid Diversity in Cancer- and Non-Cancer Related CA125 Antigen Using Sialic Acid-Binding Ig-Like Lectins (Siglecs)." Disease Markers 32, no. 3 (2012): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/309203.
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This study was aimed at obtaining insight into the diversity of sialic acids in cancer- and non-cancer-related CA125 antigen, tumour marker of serous ovarian cancer. Starting from available data suggesting the possible relevance of sialic acids for discriminating CA125 antigens of different origin, we have employed a new experimental approach based on the use of human sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins, Siglecs, as tools for the investigation of sialylation.Siglec−2, belonging to the group of evolutionarily conserved Siglecs, and Siglec−3, −6, −7, −9 and −10, which are CD33-like Siglecs, were probed in solid-phase binding assays with cancer-related CA125 antigens from pleural fluid of patients with ovarian carcinoma (pfCA125), the OVCAR-3 ovarian carcinoma cell line (clCA125) and a non-cancer-related CA125 antigen, i.e. pregnancy-associated pCA125 antigen.All Siglecs used showed detectable binding to pCA125 antigen. Siglec−3, Siglec−7 and Siglec−2 exhibited moderately stronger binding to pCA125 antigen than the others. In contrast to this, Siglec−2 and Siglec−3 preferentially recognized pfCA125 with greater total binding than for pCA125, whereas Siglec−9 and Siglec−10 were highly selective for clCA125.Siglecs promise to be powerful tools for discriminating CA125 of different origin and could propagate further research on other molecular markers of biomedical and diagnostic importance.
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Schmassmann, Philip, Julien Roux, Nazanin Tatari, Tomas A. Martins, Marie-Françoise Ritz, Tala Shekarian, Heinz Laeubli, and Gregor Hutter. "EXTH-26. MICROGLIA-SPECIFIC DISRUPTION OF SIALIC ACID-SIGLEC-9/E INTERACTIONS: A NOVEL IMMUNOTHERAPY AGAINST GLIOBLASTOMA?" Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.825.
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Abstract Recently, ‘don’t eat me’-signals like CD47 have emerged as novel innate immune checkpoints, enabling cancer cells to evade clearance by phagocytes such as microglia (MG) or monocyte-derived cells (MdCs). Here, we aim at defining the role of inhibitory Siglec-9 in human and its mouse homologue Siglec-E in innate-centered immunotherapy against GBM. TCGA RNA-sequencing data revealed a significant correlation between high expression of immunoinhibitory SIGLEC9 and poor survival in GBM patients (log-rank p = 0.02). Using a CT-2A orthotopic GBM mouse model with MG-specific spatio-temporal deletion of Siglece (Sall1CreERT2 x Sigleceflox) , we observed high MG-proliferation upon Siglece knockout (Ki-67+ MG 14.8% in Crenegvs. 34.9% in Creposp < 0.0001) accompanied by an enhanced microglial GBM-cell uptake (5.6% in Crenegvs. 12.3% in Crepos, p < 0.001). By extending the Siglece knockout to the MdC compartment (Cx3cr1CreERT2x Sigleceflox) we observed a significantly prolonged survival in the Crepospopulation (21d in Crenegvs. 27d post-tumor injection in Crepos, p = 0.018), which could be further promoted by combining Siglece knockout with CD47 blockade (11% long-term remission in Crepos+ anti-CD47). Proteomics analysis revealed increased antigen processing and presentation capabilities of SigleceKOMdCs which was confirmed by ex-vivo OT-1 cross-presentation assays. This increased T cell priming upon MdC SigleceKOwas further boosted by addition of anti-PD1 antibody to the SigleceKO+ anti-CD47 combination. Resulting in 23% of animals experiencing long-term remission in the triple treatment arm, even after tumor re-challenge. Genetic targeting of sialic acids, the ligand for Siglec receptors, on CT-2A cells (GNE-KO), resulted in increased GBM-cell phagocytosis by MG and MdCs and less exhausted tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells (14.8% in WT vs. 5.9% in GNE-KO, p = 0.003). In a translational approach, we are currently testing anti-Siglec-9 treatment regimens in patient GBM explants, cultured for 5 days in perfusion bioreactors.
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Ibarlucea-Benitez, Itziar, Polina Weitzenfeld, Patrick Smith, and Jeffrey V. Ravetch. "Siglecs-7/9 function as inhibitory immune checkpoints in vivo and can be targeted to enhance therapeutic antitumor immunity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 26 (June 21, 2021): e2107424118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107424118.
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Given the role of myeloid cells in T cell activation and in the antitumor response, targeting checkpoint molecules expressed on this population represents a promising strategy to augment antitumor immunity. However, myeloid checkpoints that can be effectively used as immunotherapy targets are still lacking. Here, we demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeting the myeloid receptors Siglec-7 and Siglec-9 in vivo. By using a humanized immunocompetent murine model, we demonstrate that human Siglec-7 and Siglec-9, in addition to the murine homolog Siglec-E, inhibit the endogenous antitumor immune response, as well as the response to tumor-targeting and immune checkpoint inhibiting antibodies in vivo. The impact of these Siglecs on tumor progression is highly dependent on the anatomical distribution of the tumor and, as a consequence, the local tumor microenvironment, as tumors with a more immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment are less sensitive to Siglec perturbation. Finally, to assess the potential of these two receptors as targets for immunotherapy, we developed Fc engineered blocking antibodies to Siglec-7 and Siglec-9 and demonstrate that Siglec-7 and Siglec-9 blockade can significantly reduce tumor burden in vivo, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of targeting these two receptors.
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Attrill, Helen, Hirokazu Takazawa, Simone Witt, Soerge Kelm, Rainer Isecke, Reinhard Brossmer, Takayuki Ando, et al. "The structure of siglec-7 in complex with sialosides: leads for rational structure-based inhibitor design." Biochemical Journal 397, no. 2 (June 28, 2006): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20060103.
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Siglecs (sialic acid binding Ig-like lectins) are transmembrane receptors for sialylated glycoconjugates that modulate cellular interactions and signalling events in the haematopoietic, immune and nervous systems. Siglec-7 is a structural prototype for the recently described family of immune inhibitory CD33-related siglecs and is predominantly expressed on natural killer cells and monocytes, as well as subsets of CD8 T-cells. Siglec-specific inhibitors are desired for the detection of masked and unmasked forms of siglecs, to aid in dissection of signalling pathways and as tools to investigate siglecs as potential therapeutic targets. As a first step towards this end, we present the crystal structure of siglec-7 in complex with a sialylated ligand, the ganglioside analogue DSLc4 [α(2,3)/α(2,6) disialyl lactotetraosyl 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl], which allows for a detailed description of the binding site, required for structure-guided inhibitor design. Mutagenesis and binding assays were used to demonstrate a key structural role for Lys131, a residue that changes conformation upon sialic acid binding. Differences between the binding sites of siglec family members were then exploited using α-methyl Neu5Ac (N-acetylneuraminic acid) as a basic scaffold. A co-crystal of siglec-7 in complex with the sialoside inhibitor, oxamido-Neu5Ac [methyl α-9-(amino-oxalyl-amino)-9-deoxy-Neu5Ac] and inhibition data for the sialosides gives clear leads for future inhibitor design.
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Pegon, Julie N., Cécile V. Denis, Soline Odouard, Olivier D. Christophe, and Peter J. Lenting. "Siglecs as Novel Cellular Partners for Von Willebrand Factor." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 4306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.4306.4306.
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Abstract Abstract 4306 Introduction: Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric protein that is pertinent to the haemostatic process by promoting platelet recruitment to the growing thrombus and acting as a carrier-protein for factor VIII. It is well established that VWF is able to interact with several cellular receptors present on the surface of platelets and leukocytes. In search for novel cellular partners for VWF present on these cells, we made use of the notion that VWF is heavily glycosylated, with the mature molecule containing 12 N-linked glycans and 10 O-linked glycans. Importantly, the vast majority of these glycans (>90%) are sialylated. The human proteome contains a family of sialic acid-binding receptors, known as Sialic acid-binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins (Siglecs), which are expressed on cells of hematopoietic origin. The current study was designed to investigate the potential of Siglecs to interact with VWF. Methods: Stable human HEK293 cell lines were established that express human Siglec-5, Siglec-7 or Siglec-9. In addition, soluble variants of Siglecs were obtained: monomeric HPC4-tagged Siglec-5 and Siglec-7 (sSg5/HPC4 & sSg7/HPC4) and dimeric Fc-fusion proteins for human Siglec-3, -5, -7, -9, -10, -11 and murine Siglec-F (sSg-3/Fc etc). These Siglecs were used to study their interaction with purified plasma-derived (pdVWF) or recombinant BHK-cell derived VWF (rVWF). Protein-protein interactions were investigated via immuno-sorbent assays and via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) using Octet QK equipment. Binding of VWF to Siglec-expressing cells was assessed via immuno-fluorescence microscopy. Results: We observed consistent association of VWF (irrespective whether immuno-sorbent or SPR assays were used) to all of the immobilized Siglecs tested, with the exception of sSg-11/Fc that did not interact with pdVWF or with rVWF. Inversely, all soluble Siglecs but sSg-11/Fc efficiently bound to immobilized pdVWF or rVWF. Half-maximal binding in immuno-sorbent assays was between 97 and 645 nM (binding of VWF to immobilized Siglecs) versus 166 and 270 nM (binding of Siglecs to immobilized VWF). More detailed studies on the determination of the kinetic parameters using SPR technology are in progress. Specificity of the interaction was confirmed by treating VWF with sialidase before testing Siglec binding, and such treatment resulted in a strongly reduced (up to 80%) ability of Siglecs to bind to immobilized VWF. VWF was further found to bind to Siglec-5, -7 or -9 expressing HEK293 cells as assessed via immuno-fluorescence microscopy. In general, 10–15 % of the Siglec-expressing cells were covered with VWF after incubation, with the fluorescent intensity increasing dose-dependently with the applied VWF concentration. No fluorescent signal was observed upon incubation of VWF with non-transfected cells or when VWF was omitted from the incubation. Since Siglecs may be masked by the presence of endogenous sialylated proteins at the cellular surface, we also tested VWF binding to these cells following sialidase treatment. Sialidase treatment of cells resulted in a marked increase in the number of VWF-binding cells (up to 80% of the Siglec-positive cells) as well as an increase in intensity of the fluorescent signal. Co-localization of VWF with Siglecs at the cellular surface was confirmed by DuoLink-analysis, which allows the detection of proteins that are in the vicinity of ≤40 nm. Emerging evidence demonstrates that endothelial. Conclusions: We identified one murine and six human Siglec-family members as novel partners for VWF. Interactions between VWF and Siglecs are mediated by sialic acid structures present on VWF. In addition, the cellular accessibility of Siglecs for VWF is modulated by cis-acting sialylated proteins at the cell surface. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the VWF glycome allows the interaction with a novel family of cellular receptors, potentially opening previously unrecognized avenues in the biology of VWF. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Virtanen, Helena, Johanna M. U. Silvola, Anu Autio, Xiang-Guo Li, Heidi Liljenbäck, Sanna Hellberg, Riikka Siitonen, et al. "Comparison of 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 and 18F-Fluorodeoxyribose-Siglec-9: Inflammation Imaging and Radiation Dosimetry." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7645070.
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Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 9 (Siglec-9) is a ligand of inflammation-inducible vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1). We compared 68Ga-DOTA- and 18F-fluorodeoxyribose- (FDR-) labeled Siglec-9 motif peptides for PET imaging of inflammation. Methods. Firstly, we examined 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 and 18F-FDR-Siglec-9 in rats with skin/muscle inflammation. We then studied 18F-FDR-Siglec-9 for the detection of inflamed atherosclerotic plaques in mice and compared it with previous 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 results. Lastly, we estimated human radiation dosimetry from the rat data. Results. In rats, 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 (SUV, 0.88±0.087) and 18F-FDR-Siglec-9 (SUV, 0.77±0.22) showed comparable (P=0.29) imaging of inflammation. In atherosclerotic mice, 18F-FDR-Siglec-9 detected inflamed plaques with a target-to-background ratio (1.6±0.078) similar to previously tested 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 (P=0.35). Human effective dose estimates for 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 and 18F-FDR-Siglec-9 were 0.024 and 0.022 mSv/MBq, respectively. Conclusion. Both tracers are suitable for PET imaging of inflammation. The easier production and lower cost of 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 present advantages over 18F-FDR-Siglec-9, indicating it as a primary choice for clinical studies.
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Avril, T., H. Attrill, J. Zhang, A. Raper, and P. R. Crocker. "Negative regulation of leucocyte functions by CD33-related siglecs." Biochemical Society Transactions 34, no. 6 (October 25, 2006): 1024–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0341024.
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The siglecs (sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins) are a family of transmembrane receptors expressed in the haemopoietic, immune and nervous systems. The CD33-related siglecs are a distinct subset mostly expressed in the innate immune system where they can function as inhibitory receptors by suppressing the signalling mediated by receptors coupled with ITAMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs). CD33-related siglecs contain ITIMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs) that recruit and activate SHP-1 [SH2 (Src homology 2) domain-containing phosphatase-1] and SHP-2. In addition, the ITIMs of CD33-related siglecs can suppress siglec-dependent adhesion of sialylated ligands and mediate endocytosis. Siglec-H is a recently characterized murine CD33-related endocytic receptor that lacks intrinsic tyrosine-based signalling motifs and is expressed selectively on PDCs (plasmacytoid dendritic cells). Siglec-H depends on DAP12 (DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa) for surface expression and cross-linking with anti-siglec-H antibodies can selectively inhibit interferon-α production by PDCs following TLR9 (Toll-like receptor 9) ligation. Thus CD33-related siglecs are able to mediate diverse inhibitory functions of leucocytes in the innate immune system via both ITIM-dependent and -independent pathways.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Siglec- 9"
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Alonso, Mora Alba. "La minería en la baronía de Entença (Baix Priorat) durante época Moderna. La regulación y explotación de las minas de galena, cobre y manganeso en los siglos XV, XVI y XVII." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/460890.
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La present tesi pretén ser un estudi definitiu del funcionament de la mineria de la baronia d’Entença (El Baix Priorat) durant l’època Moderna. La mineria en aquesta zona és molt antiga i es pot remuntar fins a la Prehistòria, i talment s’ha perfilat com un dels principals ens dinamitzadors i culturals de la regió. Tanmateix, la revisió històrica d’aquesta conca minera, geològicament coneguda com la Serra Pre-Litoral, es troba encara en estat embrionari i són especialment desconeguts els segles XV, XVI i XVII, llevat d’aproximacions puntuals.
Per això, trobarem en aquestes pàgines una dissertació sobre aquells aspectes considerats fonamentals per a conèixer l’estat de desenvolupament d’una explotació minera a nivell general: l’organització laboral, la tècnica i tecnologia, la legislació, la producció i el comerç. Mitjançant el coneixement d’aquests indicadors, podrem establir comparacions amb altres explotacions del mateix tipus en altres punts geogràfics, tant peninsulars com europeus.
Les conclusions obtingudes manifesten el continu desenvolupament y evolució de la mineria de la baronia d’Entença en resposta als creixents desafiaments que provocava l’extracció sistemàtica dels minerals d’aquesta conca minera: la galena, el coure i el manganès; els quals foren venuts en places comercials de València, Aragó, Catalunya i Mallorca, en la seva forma natural i també transformats en plom, en el cas de la galena.
Per últim, serem conscients de com els principis capitalistes que es varen anar adoptant a la mineria de la baronia d’Entença, van modificar el sistema laboral i productiu, molt especialment, a partir de la instal·lació de la fàbrica de bales i perdigons de propietat comtal a l’última dècada del segle XVII. Les companyies de miners -associacions lliures de persones que dividien les participacions en accions- naixeren originalment amb un marcat caràcter igualitari, reflex de les comunitats agràries medievals, el qual va donar pas a un règim empresarial de tipus capitalista propi dels segles Moderns, que determinaria l’activitat minera del Baix Priorat fins l’època Contemporània.La presente tesis pretende ser un estudio definitorio del funcionamiento de la minería de la baronía de Entença (El Baix Priorat) durante la época Moderna. La minería en esta zona cuenta con una antiquísima tradición que puede remontarse hasta la Prehistoria, la cual se ha perfilado como uno de los principales dinamizadores económicos y culturales de la región. Sin embargo, la revisión histórica de esta cuenca minera, geológicamente conocida como la Sierra Pre-litoral, se encuentra todavía en ciernes y son especialmente desconocidos, salvo puntuales aproximaciones, los siglos XV, XVI y XVII. Por ello, encontraremos en estas páginas una disertación acerca de aquellos aspectos que se consideran fundamentales para conocer el estadio de desarrollo de una explotación minera a nivel general: la organización laboral, la técnica y tecnología, la legislación, la producción y el comercio. Mediante el conocimiento de estos indicadores, podremos establecer comparativas con la situación existente en otras explotaciones del mismo signo en otros puntos geográficos, tanto peninsulares como europeos. Las conclusiones a las que hemos llegado manifiestan el continuo desarrollo y evolución de la minería de la baronía de Entença en aras de responder a los crecientes desafíos que provocaba la extracción sistemática de los minerales de esta cuenca minera: la galena, el cobre y el manganeso; los cuales fueron vendidos en plazas comerciales de Valencia, Aragón, Cataluña y Mallorca, tanto en su forma natural como transformados en plomo, en el caso de la galena. Por último, en todo este proceso evolutivo, seremos conscientes como los principios capitalistas fueron adoptándose en la minería de la baronía de Entença y fueron modificando el sistema laboral y productivo, especialmente a partir de la instalación de la fábrica de balas y perdigones de propiedad condal, en la última década del siglo XVII. Las compañías de mineros -asociaciones libres de personas que dividían sus participaciones en acciones- nacieron en su origen con un marcado carácter igualitario reflejo de las comunidades agrarias medievales, el cual fue dando paso a un régimen empresarial de tipo capitalista propio de los siglos Modernos que determinaría la actividad minera del Baix Priorat hasta época Contemporánea.
This investigation pretends to be a definitive study about the mining in barony of Entença (El Baix Priorat) during Modern Ages. In this area, mining counts with an ancient tradition and it became one the most important activity, both economically and culturally. Nevertheless, historical research has just begun and claims for new efforts and renewed points of view. In this sense, we will find in these pages an explanation of those aspects which are considered essential to determine the stage of mining development: labour organization, technique and technology, legislation, production and trade. Through these indicators, we will be able to compare mining in barony of Entença to similar mines in other places, as well Peninsular as European. We reached conclusions that show a continuous development and technical evolution in Barony of Entença’s mining in order to solve increasing challenges caused by an interrupted mineral extraction (lead, copper and manganese). This mining production was extracted in considerable quantities and send to several cities in Valencia, Aragon, Catalonia and Majorca to be sold. Finally, we will appreciate how capitalism were gradually adopted in Catalan mining, and changed the work system dramatically, especially after the construction of a lead ammunition factory in Falset between 1693 and 1695. Mining companies -a sort of independent associations divided in company shares- lost their original equality feature and were leaded to assume a capitalist regime, typical of middle Modern centuries, preparing mining for next industrialization in Contemporary Age.
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Navarrete-González, Alexandra. "Focus and contrast in Catalan Sign Language (LSC) : form and interpretation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673320.
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This thesis provides a description and a pragmatic analysis of the expression and interpretation of focus and contrast in Catalan Sign Language (LSC). I argue that LSC data provides empirical evidence that contrast is an independent notion in Information Structure that can overlap with topics and foci, and that involves different types, which are built compositionally. All types of contrast share a basic meaning (semantic parallelism), which is essential for an element to be contrastive, and which is expressed through a specific combination of non-manual markers (NMMs). Additional prosodic NMMs are used to trigger more complex meanings, like exhaustivity or counterexpectation. Moreover, a first description of focus particles and clefts in LSC is provided, together with a pragmatic analysis of exhaustivity and non-truth conditional meaning (presuppositions and implicatures) in these constructions.Aquesta tesi proporciona una descripció i una anàlisi pragmàtica de l’expressió i la interpretació del focus i el contrast en llengua de signes catalana (LSC). Defenso que l’LSC aporta proves empíriques que el contrast és una noció independent en el camp de l’estructura informativa que se solapa amb el tòpic i els focus de l’oració i que es pot dividir en subtipus que es conformen de manera composicional. Tots els tipus de contrast comparteixen un significat bàsic (paral·lelisme semàntic), que és imprescindible perquè un element sigui contrastiu i que s’expressa a través d’una combinació específica de marcadors no manuals (MNM). MNM addicionals són emprats per expressar significats més complexos, com ara l’exhaustivitat i la contraexpectació. A més, s’ofereix una primera descripció de les partícules focals i les oracions clivellades en LSC, i una anàlisi pragmàtica de l’exhaustivitat i el significat no veritatiu-condicional (implicatures i pressuposicions) que es deriva d’aquestes construccions.
Esta tesis proporciona una descripción y un análisis pragmático sobre la expresión y la interpretación del foco y el contraste en lengua de signos catalana (LSC). Defiendo que la LSC aporta pruebas empíricas de que el contraste es una noción independiente en el campo de la estructura informativa que se solapa con el tópico y el foco de la oración y que se puede dividir en subtipos que se constituyen de manera composicional. Todos los tipos de contraste comparten un significado básico (paralelismo semántico), que es imprescindible para que un elemento sea contrastivo y que se expresa a través de una combinación específica de marcadores no manuales (MNM). MNM adicionales son utilizados para expresar significados más complejos, como la exhaustividad y la contraexpectación. Además, se presenta una primera descripción de las partículas focales y de las oraciones escindidas en LSC, así como un análisis pragmático de la exhaustividad y del significado no veritativo-condicional (implicaturas y presuposiciones) que se deriva de estas construcciones.
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Saban, Mario Javier. "Causas y consecuencias de la ruptura entre el judaísmo y el cristianismo en el siglo II." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386450.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of this doctoral dissertation is based on a historical explanation of the causes that drove a group of Jews who were part of a small Messianic movement within Judaism in first century to create in the course of time one of the most widespread religions on the planet: Christianity.
My doctoral dissertation research represents an original contribution in the field of studies of Ancient History as it expounds with various arguments and reasonings that the split of this group of Messianic Jews from within the bosom of Judaism took place in the second century.
Despite the fact that there exists much research on the first century,
Especially on both Jesus' thoughts and St. Paul's thoughts, few authors have set out to work on and delved into the actual century of the cultural and religious split between Judaism and Christianity.
The doctoral dissertation I am submitting before the respected members of the thesis examining jury is a novel contribution to properly explain the historical, theological and political causes that gave rise to the founding of Christianity as an independent religion separate from its mother religion, Judaism.El tema central de este trabajo doctoral se fundamenta en una explicación histórica de las causas que llevaron a un grupo de judíos mesiánicos en el siglo I a crear con el tiempo una de las religiones más extendidas del planeta: el cristianismo. La labor de investigación representa un aporte original dentro del campo de los estudios de la historia antigua, ya que expone con variadas argumentaciones que la división entre el grupo cristiano del seno del judaísmo se produjo en el siglo II. Aunque existen muchas investigaciones sobre el siglo I, especialmente sobre el pensamiento de Jesús y el pensamiento de San Pablo, pocos autores han trabajado el verdadero siglo de la ruptura religiosa. La tesis doctoral que presento ante el honorable tribunal representa una contribución novedosa para explicar adecuadamente las causas históricas, teológicas y políticas que derivaron en la creación del cristianismo como una religión independiente separada de su religión-madre: el judaísmo.
L´argument central d´aquest treball doctoral es fonamenta en una explicació històrica de les causes que encaminaren a un aplec de jueus mesiànics (s.I d.C.), a fundar en el decurs del temps, una de les religions més esteses del planeta: el cristianisme. La tasca d´investigació representa una aportació original en el món dels estudis de la història antiga, sí més no, exposa amb variats raonaments, que la separació del primitiu grup cristià del si del judaisme, esdevé el s. II d.C. Malgrat que hi ha nombroses investigacions històriques que ens parlen del s.I d. C. - especialment pel que fa al pensament de Jesús de Natzareth i el pensament de Sant Pau - molt pocs autors han treballat el veritable segle de la ruptura religiosa.
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Colom, Mendoza Enric. "Ex Figlinis Tarraconensibus. Sistematización y caracterización de las figlinae amphorales de la costa oriental de la Provincia Hispania Citerior, circuitos de exportación y clasificación tipológica de sus producciones (siglos II a.C.-III d.C.)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673170.
Full textAbstract:
El present treball consisteix en la sistematizació de totes les figlinae amphorales de la costa oriental de la Provincia
Hispania Citerior (segles II a.C.-III d.C.) des d’un punt de vista interdisciplinari, analitzant les tres vessants més
importants: descripció i anàlisi de les estructures productores, catalogació de marques epigràfiques i patrons de
dispersió pel Mediterrani occidental i, en darrer lloc, la caracterització tipològica de les seves produccions amforals. Es
tracta, per tant, del primer treball d’aquesta magnitud en els estudis relatius a les àmfores tarraconenses. També, i
gràcies a l’aplicació de noves metodologies basades en les tècniques d’aixecament fotogramètric, així com de
computació i modelat tridimensional, hem pogut crear una base de dades morfològica de les principals produccions
amforals tarraconenses. Això ens ha permès la creació, per primera vegada en la història de la investigació, d’una
taula tipològica, extensa i detallada, dels envasos més comuns (Dressel 2, Dressel 3 i Pascual 1), que recull les
variades tradicions terrisseres presents en les diferents àrees productores que composen la costa oriental de la
Provincia Hispania Citerior en època romana.El presente trabajo consiste en la sistematización de todas las figlinae amphorales de la costa oriental de la Provincia Hispania Citerior (siglos II a.C. – III d.C.) desde un punto de vista interdisciplinar, analizando las tres vertientes más importantes: descripción y análisis de las estructuras productoras, catalogación de marcas epigráficas y patrones de dispersión por el Mediterráneo occidental y, en último lugar, la caracterización tipológica sus producciones anfóricas. Se trata, por tanto, del primer trabajo de esta magnitud en los estudios relativos a las ánforas tarraconenses. También, y gracias a la aplicación de nuevas metodologías basadas en las técnicas de levantamiento fotogramétrico, así como de computación y modelado tridimensional, hemos podido crear una base de datos morfológica de las principales producciones anfóricas tarraconenses. Esto nos ha permitido la creación, por primera vez en la historia de la investigación, de una tabla tipológica, extensa y detallada, de los envases más comunes (Dressel 2, Dressel 3 y Pascual 1), que recoge las variadas tradiciones alfareras presentes en las diferentes áreas productoras que componen la costa oriental de la Provincia Hispania Citerior en época romana.
The present work consists on asystematization of all the figlinae amphorales of the eastern coast of the Provincia Hispania Citerior (2nd BC - 3rd AD) from an interdisciplinary point of view, analyzing the three most important aspects: description and analysis of the producing structures, the catalogue of epigraphic stamps and dispersal patterns in the western Mediterranean and, finally, the typological characterization of its amphora productions. It is, therefore, the first work of this magnitude in studies related to tarraconensis amphorae. Also, and thanks to the application of new methodologies based on photogrammetric survey techniques, as well as computation and three-dimensional modeling, we have been able to create a morphological database of the main tarraconensian amphora productions. This has allowed us to create, for the first time in the history of the research, an extensive and detailed typological table of the most common containers (Dressel 2, Dressel 3 and Pascual 1), which collects the various pottery traditions present in the different producing areas that make up the eastern coast of the Provincia Hispania Citerior in Roman times.
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Guerra, Sabrina. "La disputa por el control de las doctrinas en la Real Audiencia de Quito: Un estudio microhistórico sobre la tensión entre y dentro del Estado, la Iglesia y las redes de poder local, Guano, siglo XVIII." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84085.
Full textAbstract:
A mediados del siglo XVIII, como parte del proyecto reformista del gobierno Borbónico se dio inicio al proceso de secularización de doctrinas en el mundo colonial. Un proceso histórico que ha sido interpretado en forma general como un fenómeno que respondía al constante conflicto entre ambos cleros y/o a la propia tendencia secularizadora dieciochesca. El presente trabajo busca hacer una relectura de este fenómeno, partiendo de la siguiente interrogante:¿Cómo puede ser entendido el conflicto por el control de las parroquias de indios conocidas como doctrinas a lo largo del periodo colonial Hispanoamericano; y que se intensificó durante el siglo XVIII? Se propone buscar la respuesta a esta pregunta mediante un estudio microhistórico, combinado con una reconstrucción de redes de poder, que aborda lo sucedido en la Secularización de una doctrina específica, Guano, en el corregimiento de Riobamba, parte de la Real Audiencia de Quito en el año 1754. En este estudio microhistórico se explora la pugna por las doctrinas, entendida como una expresión de tensión que se manifestaba en varias dimensiones y escalas entre y dentro del Estado, Iglesia y redes de poder local. Así se trata del estudio de un problema general visto a través de un análisis de escala microscópica.
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Le, Pennec Anna. ""Cette catégorie d'êtres à jamais perdus" : les femmes incarcérées dans les maisons centrales du sud de la France, XIXe-début XXe siècles." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20097.
Full textAbstract:
Donner la parole aux captives pour écrire leur histoire, dans laquelle elles apparaissent trop souvent comme les témoins inaudibles, les placer au cœur de l’étude, tels sont les objectifs de ce travail sur les prisonnières des maisons centrales de Cadillac et de Montpellier dans le sud de la France, depuis la naissance de la prison pénale au tournant du XIXe siècle jusqu’au début du XXe siècle : qui sont ces femmes, quelles sont leurs conditions d’incarcération, comment vivent-elles l’enfermement, entre résistances et adaptations aux tentatives de disciplinarisation exercées par la pénitentiaire ? Les réponses à ces questions évoluent non seulement en fonction des politiques pénales et des mutations sociétales, mais surtout au gré des sociabilités carcérales, plurielles et mouvantes : spécifiques aux prisons de femmes, les changements du personnel surveillant – composé successivement de gardiens laïques, de religieuses puis de surveillantes laïques – bouleversent le quotidien des détenues ; de même que les rapports aux proches, fragilisés par l’identification des condamnées comme fautives et par leur absence du foyer, à une époque où les femmes incarnent les gardiennes de la morale dans la famille et la société. Les archives pénitentiaires des départements où se situent ces deux centrales de femmes, la Gironde et l’Hérault, contiennent notamment des dossiers individuels de prisonnières, des correspondances de personnels, de détenues et de leur entourage. Par une approche au ras du sol, partant de l’intérieur des centrales, nous tâcherons de dépeindre cette microsociété emmurée en confrontant les directives nationales avec les réalités locales et les vécus individuels. Dans un monde carcéral dominé par le masculin, où les prisonnières sont très minoritaires, il s’agira de comprendre comment l’enfermement au féminin est pensé ou au contraire ignoréThe following study treats about women detainees of Cadillac's and Montpellier's central prisons in the south of France, from the penitentiary system implementation at the beginning of the 19th century to the early 20th century. It attempts to put women prisoners at the centre of the work and to give them a voice to write their own history, not as inaudible witnesses as they usually appear: who are they, what are their conditions of detention, how are they living seclusion between resistance and adaptation to disciplinarisation attempts exercised on them by prison administration ? The answers to these questions don't only shift because of penal policies and societal mutations but also due to plural and moving prison sociabilities: specific to women’s jails, prison officers switches – successively composed of secular men guards, sisters, then secular women agents – upset prisoners' daily life; as well as their relationship with their family, weakened by the detainees' identification as offenders and by their absence from their home, at a time when women embody the image of family and guardians of morality. Penitentiary archives of the departments where are located these two women central prisons, Hérault and Gironde, especially contain individual files of captives, some correspondences of jail staff, captives and relatives. Adopting a reduced scale observation, from within the jail, we will try to depict this prison microsociety comparing national directives with local context and personal experiences. In a male-dominated prison world, where women detainees represent a very small minority, we will try to understand how feminine seclusion is considered or, on the contrary, ignored
Darle la palabra a las presas para escribir su historia, dentro de la que muy a menudo aparecen como testigos inaudibles, colocarles en el centro del estudio, estos son los objetivos de este trabajo acerca de las detenidas en las cárceles de Cadillac y de Montpellier en el sur de Francia, desde el nacimiento de la prisión penal a comienzos del siglo XIX hasta el principio del siglo XX : ¿ Quiénes son, cuáles son sus condiciones de detención, cómo viven el encierro, entre resistencias y adaptaciones a las tentativas de disciplinarización que ejerce la institución penitenciaria? Las repuestas a estas preguntas evolucionan no solo según las políticas penales y las mutaciones societales sino sobre todo en función de las sociabilidades carcelarias, plurales y móviles : específicos a las cárceles de mujeres, los cambios del personal de vigilancia – compuesto sucesivamente de guardianes laicos, de religiosas y después de funcionarias laicas – perturban considerablemente la vida cotidiana de las presas; así como las relaciones con sus familiares, debilitadas por la identificación de las condenadas como culpables y por su ausencia del hogar, en una época en que las mujeres encarnan la garantía de la moral en la familia y en la sociedad. Los archivos penitenciarios de las provincias donde se sitúan estas dos cárceles, Gironde y Hérault, contienen en particular expedientes individuales de detenidas, cartas del personal, de las prisioneras y de sus familiares. Siguiendo un método de examen con lupa, desde el interior de la cárcel, intentaremos representar a esta microsociedad carcelaria, confrontando las directrices nacionales con las realidades locales y las vivencias individuales. En un mundo penitenciario dominado por lo masculino, donde las mujeres son muy minoritarias, se tratara de comprender como el encierro femenino está pensado o al contrario ignorado
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Bonilla, Sitja Elisabet. "Percebre i relacionar-se en els comtats d'Osona i Manresa durant la primera meitat del segle X." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/440524.
Full textAbstract:
Aquesta tesi doctoral consisteix, fonamentalment, en l’estudi dels pilars constitutius de la “mentalitat” dels homes i de les dones que van viure durant la primera meitat del segle X, partint de la documentació conservada dels comtats d’Osona i de Manresa, recollida a la coneguda obra Catalunya Carolíngia. Tot i que la tesi doctoral està concebuda des de la història, alguns dels aspectes tractats han requerit d’un esforç multidisciplinari així com d’un acurat examen hermenèutic. La voluntat d’aquest estudi és, doncs, copsar alguns dels marcs a través dels quals s’articula la vida quotidiana, el que permet apropar-se a la cosmovisió de les persones en aquell moment i entendre les seves accions.
Per a l’assoliment d’aquests objectius, la recerca s’inicia amb un capítol dedicat a l’anàlisi diplomàtic de les categories documentals, treball bàsic per a l’enteniment de les diferents fórmules i com a via d’entrada a les possibilitats d’estudi. A continuació, segueixen els dos capítols centrals, que pretenen explorar com s’entenien i es vivien dos conceptes fo-namentals en tot relat històric i presents en tota societat: el temps i l’espai. Aquests seran examinats des d’una perspectiva amplia, atenent des de la quotidianitat i els aspectes pràctics fins als fonaments teòrics i mentals. Finalment, l’últim capítol centrarà l’atenció en els protagonistes d’aquests escenaris, les persones. Les relacions socials seran, per tant, l’eix conductor des d’on s’analitzarà el paper dels homes i de les dones en el seu context i entorn.Esta tesis doctoral consiste, fundamentalmente, en el estudio de los pilares constitutivos de la “mentalidad” de los hombres y de las mujeres que vivieron durante la primera mi-tad del siglo X, partiendo de la documentación conservada de los condados de Osona y de Manresa, recogida en la conocida obra Catalunya Carolíngia. Concebida desde la historia, algunos de los aspectos tratados en la tesis doctoral han requerido un esfuerzo multidisciplinar así como un preciso examen hermenéutico. La voluntad del estudio es, pues, captar algunos de los marcos a través de los cuales se articula la vida cotidiana, lo que permite acercarse a la cosmovisión de las personas en aquel momento y entender sus acciones. Para alcanzar esos objetivos, la investigación se inicia con un capitulo dedicado al análisis diplomático de las categorías documentales, trabajo clave para entender las diferentes formulaciones y como vía de entrada a las posibilidades de estudio. A continuación, siguen los dos capítulos centrales, que pretenden explorar como se entendían y se vivían dos conceptos fundamentales en todo relato histórico y presentes en toda sociedad: el tiempo y el espacio. Estos serán examinados desde una perspectiva amplia, atendiendo desde la cotidianeidad y los aspectos prácticos hasta los fundamentos teóricos y mentales. Finalmente, el último capítulo centrará la atención en los protagonistas de esos escenarios, las personas. Las relaciones sociales serán, por tanto, el eje conductor desde el cual se analizara el papel de los hombres y de las mujeres en su contexto y entorno.
This PhD dissertation consists of the study of the pillars that constitute the “mentality” of men and women who lived during the first half of the tenth century. It is based on preserved documents of the counties of Osona and Manresa, collected in the well-known work, Catalunya Carolíngia. Although this thesis is conceived from an historical perspective, some fields have required a multidisciplinary effort and a careful hermeneutic examination. The aim of this study is, therefore, to capture some of the frames through which daily life resolves, glimpsing the worldview of people of that time in order to understand their actions. To achieve these objectives, the research begins with a chapter committed to the diplomatic analysis of the documentary categories, a key work to understand all the different formulas and also a gateway to the possibilities of the study. Then, follows the two central chapters, which aim is to explore how people lived and understood two fundamental concepts, seen in every society and historical account: time and space. These will be examined from a broad perspective, based upon everyday life, from practical aspects of the society to theoretical and mentally notions. Finally, the last chapter aims to focus attention on the main figures of these scenarios: people. Social relationships are therefore the key from which the role of men and women will be analysed in their context and environment.
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Gaya, Catasus Jaume. "Societat i economia agrària al Penedès, segles XVI-XVII: El terme de Subirats, la parròquia de Sant Pere de Lavern." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396132.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tesis tiene por objeto el estudio de la sociedad y economía de los siglos XVI y XVII, en el marco de la historia agraria y desde el ámbito de la historia local. Se pone de manifiesto el potencial que ofrece la microhistoria y las posibilidades de la documentación local.
La utilización de la documentación local permite profundizar en los cambios sociales y económicos del término de Subirats, en el contexto del Penedés y de las tierras catalanas de los dos primeros siglos modernos.
Entre otros temas, estudiamos los habitantes y sus relaciones sociales, las masías y casas, los testimonios materiales de la vida doméstica, las preocupaciones de los testadores, la dieta alimentaria, la agricultura y la ganadería, la importancia de la manufactura textil y cristalera, el trabajo de la construcción, el uso del capital y el crédito, y los peligros del endeutamiento continuado.
La estructura de esta tesis obedece a la voluntad metodológica de ofrecer una visión global de conjunto, holística e integradora, que permita la generalización. El objetivo principal es contribuir a mejorar el conocimiento que se tiene del campo catalán de los siglos XVI y XVII.This PhD thesis seeks to examine the society and economy in the XVI & XVII centuries, in the framework of agrarian history and from the scope of local history. It highlights the micro-history’s potential and the powerful possibilities of local documentation. The use of local documentation gives an insight into the social and economic changes of Subirats, in the context of Penedès and the Catalan lands in the two first modern centuries. Among other topics, we have studied the inhabitants and their social relations, farms and houses, domestic material life, the concerns of the testator, diet food, agriculture and livestock, the importance of the textile, glass and construction activities, the use of capital and credit, and the dangers of continued borrowing. This PhD thesis structure reflects the methodological will to provide a comprehensive, holistic and integrated overview that allows generalization. The objective of this research is to improve the knowledge we have of the Catalan countryside in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
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Molina, Puche Sebastián. "Familia, poder y territorio. Las elites locales del corregimiento de Chinchilla-Villena en el siglo XVII." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10887.
Full textAbstract:
Uno de los principales objetivos de este trabajo de investigación ha sido profundizar en la comprensión del funcionamiento y articulación de la sociedad castellana moderna desde el factor familiar. Para ello, el extenso corregimiento de Chinchilla, Villena y las nueve villas a lo largo del siglo XVII se tomó como laboratorio de pruebas, esencialmente por dos razones: por un lado el contexto espacial era muy representativo, pues la mayor parte de la Castilla Moderna estaba constituida por pequeñas agrociudades como las que formaban dicha unidad jurisdiccional. Y por otro, el corte cronológico elegido demostraba ser una etapa clave en la evolución y conformación interna de los grupos dominantes castellanos, sobre todo los que actuaban en el ámbito local, pues es en este siglo cuando culmina el proceso de oligarquización del municipio castellano, con todo lo que ello supone a nivel social. Al ser nuestra meta conocer la organización social castellana, optamos por centrar nuestra investigación en un segmento social concreto: las familias de poder, es decir, aquellas que componian el grupo social más destacado y preeminente en cada una de las poblaciones estudiadas.One of the main objectives of this work of investigation has been to deepen in the understanding of the operation and joint of the modern Castilian society from the familiar factor. For it, the extensive group of judges of Chinchilla, Villena and the nine villas throughout century XVII was taken like research laboratory, essentially for two reasons: by a side the space context very representative era, then most of Modern Castile was constituted by small cities and villages which they formed this jurisdictional unit. And on the other hand, the chosen chronological cut demonstrated to be a key stage in the evolution and to internal conformation of the Castilian dominant groups, mainly those that acted in the local scope, then it is in this century when the process of oligarquización of the Castilian municipality culminates, yet what it supposes at social level. To the being our goal to know social the organization Castilian, we chose to center our investigation in a concrete social segment: the families of being able, that is to say, those that composed the social group more preeminent outstanding and in each one of the studied populations.
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Castillo, Rosas Juan Daniel. "Análisis espacial colectivo como soporte a las decisiones espaciales : el sistema geoespacial de inteligencia colectiva = Collective spatial analysis as spatial decision-making support : the geospatial system of collective intelligence." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386474.
Full textAbstract:
The spatial decision-making process for the purpose of planning, policies, plans, or territorial programs, is intimately tied to the concept of location in the respective geographical space, mainly because many aspects such as natural resources; raw materials, infrastructure, proximity to markets, weather, culture, safety and strategic areas, among others, can be determined, and directly or indirectly related, based on spatial locations. Because of this and assuming that the geographical space constitutes a complex system, it is necessary that the spatial decision-making process intended for achieving aspects of location of goods and services, and/or events for the aforementioned purposes, is carried out in an interdisciplinary way, preferably through participation and consensus from the involved stakeholders involved.In this thesis, an applied research is presented that had as main purpose to provide an archetype that supports the process of spatial decision-making through the spatial consensus by diverse social actors, specially in regard to the location of goods, services and/or events. The archetype, based on the spatial version of the Delphi method modified, has as main characteristic the use of the opinions from a group of experts to solve a problem in the context of the decision-making process and / or in the framework for foresight while also considering the geographical aspect, all of this in order to reach a consensus in regard to the identification of an optimal location in a limited part of a territory.By following the Design Science Research methodology (DSR) and by adopting as auxiliary methods, Documentary Research and Reuse-Based Software Development, an artifact called Geospatial System of Collective Intelligence (SIGIC) was devised through which a collective intelligence behavior could be induced into multidisciplinary groups not experienced in the use of geotechnologies, and for the purpose of locating goods, services, and / or events through the spatial consensus from the participants. After having evaluated the artifact in five different spatial decision situations, two of them in Italy for the location of an air quality monitoring station, and for the zoning of the street prostitution process; two of them in Ecuador to determine the location for the installation of a booth for the screening of HIV and to state the location of booths for the annual initiative for blood collection, and finally, one more in Antarctica, Greenwich Island to determine the location of goods and services to plan the activities of the Scientific Station Pedro Vicente Maldonado.The main results exhibit that even multidisciplinary groups without previous experience in the use of geotechnologies can interact with these tools to study and determine through consensus of their spatial opinions, the potential location of goods, services and / or events in a given territory, thus achieving in this way a process of Collective Spatial Analysis as support for spatial decisions, mainly in aspects related to planning, organization, and use of resources in the territory, and even for the evaluation, preparation, or adoption of policies, plans, and corresponding programs.El proceso de toma de decisiones espaciales con fines de planificación, políticas, planes o programas territoriales, está estrechamente vinculado con el concepto de la localización en el espacio geográfico respectivo, principalmente porque en base a las ubicaciones espaciales se pueden determinar y relacionar directa e indirectamente, muchos otros aspectos como son los recursos naturales, las materias primas, la infraestructura, la proximidad al mercado, el clima, la cultura, las áreas estratégicas y de seguridad, entre otros. Por esta razón, y asumiendo que el espacio geográfico constituye un sistema complejo, es necesario que la toma de decisiones espaciales destinada a lograr aspectos de localización de bienes servicios y/o eventos para lo fines antes mencionados, se efectúe interdisciplinarmente, preferentemente a través de la participación y consenso de los actores involucrados.En esta tesis se presenta una investigación aplicada que tuvo como propósito aportar un arquetipo para coadyuvar en el proceso de toma de decisiones espaciales por medio del consenso espacial entre diversos actores sociales, primordialmente con respecto a la localización de bienes, servicios y/o eventos. El arquetipo, basado en la versión espacial del Método Delphi modificado, tiene como característica principal el uso de las opiniones de un grupo de expertos para resolver un problema en el contexto de toma de decisiones y/o marco de previsión considerando el aspecto geográfico, con el objetivo de llegar a un consenso respecto a la identificación de una ubicación óptima en una parte limitada del territorio.Siguiendo la metodología de Investigación en Ciencia del Diseño (DSR por su acrónimo en Inglés) y adoptando como métodos auxiliares la Investigación Documental y el Desarrollo de Software Basado en la Reutilización, se ideó el artefacto llamado Sistema Geoespacial de Inteligencia Colectiva (SIGIC), con el cual se logró inducir y coordinar un comportamiento de inteligencia colectiva en grupos multidisciplinares no experimentados en el uso de geotecnologías, con el propósito de localizar bienes, servicios y/o eventos mediante el consenso espacial de los participantes. Este artefacto se evaluó en cinco situaciones diferentes de decisión espacial: dos en Italia, para la ubicación de una estación de monitoreo de calidad del aire y para la zonificación del proceso de prostitución de calle; dos en Ecuador, para determinar el lugar de instalación de un puesto para pruebas de tamizaje de VIH y para establecer las ubicaciones de puestos para la campaña anual de colecta de sangre; y una en la Antártida, Isla de Greenwich, para determinar la ubicación de bienes y servicios con fines de planificación de actividades de la Estación Científica Pedro Vicente Maldonado.Los principales resultados exhiben que grupos multidisciplinares sin práctica en el uso de geotecnologías pueden interactuar con estas herramientas para estudiar y determinar a través del consenso de sus opiniones espaciales, la probable localización de bienes, servicios y/o eventos en un territorio determinado, conformando de esta manera un proceso de Análisis Espacial Colectivo como soporte a las decisiones espaciales principalmente, para aspectos de planificación, organización y empleo de recursos en el territorio o bien para la evaluación, preparación o adopción de políticas, planes y programas correspondientes.
El procés de presa de decisions espacials amb fins de planificació, polítiques, plans o programes territorials, esta íntimament vinculat amb el concepte de la localització en l’espai geogràfic respectiu, principalment perquè en base a las ubicacions espacials es pot determinar i relacionar directament i indirecta, molts altres aspectes com són els recursos naturals, les matèries primeres, la infraestructura, la proximitat al mercat, el clima, la cultura, les àrees estratègiques i de seguretat, entre d´altres. Per aquesta raó, i assolint que el espai geogràfic constitueix un sistema complex, és necessari que la presa de decisions espacials destinada a aconseguir aspectes de localització de béns serveis i/o esdeveniments per els fins anteriorment esmentats, s’efectui interdisciplinariament, de manera preferent mitjançant la participació i consens dels actors involucrats.A aquesta tesi es presenta una investigació aplicada que va tenir com a propòsit aportar un arquetip per coadjuvar en el procés de presa de decisions espacials mitjançant el consens espacial entre diversos actors socials, primordialment respecte de la localització de béns, serveis i/o esdeveniments. L'arquetip, basat en la versió espacial del Mètode Delphi modificat, té com a característica principal l'ús de les opinions d'un grup d'experts per resoldre un problema en el context de presa de decisions i/o marc de previsió considerant l'aspecte geogràfic, amb el objectiu d'arribar a un consens respecte a la identificació d'una ubicació òptima en una part limitada del territori.Tot seguint la metodologia d´Investigació en Ciència del Disseny (DSR per el seu acrònim en anglès) i adoptant com a mètodes auxiliars la Investigació Documental i el Desenvolupament de Software Fonamentat en la Reutilització, es va idear l’artefacte anomenat Sistema Geoespacial d’Intel·ligència Col·lectiva (SIGIC), mitjançant del qual es va aconseguir induir i coordinar un comportament d’intel·ligència col·lectiva en grups multidisciplinaris no experimentats en l’ús de geotecnologíes, amb el propòsit de localitzar béns, serveis i/o esdeveniments mitjançant el consens espacial dels participants. Aquest artefacte es va avaluar en cinc situacions diferents de decisió espacial: dos a Itàlia, per a la ubicació d'una estació de monitorització de qualitat de l'aire i per a la zonificació del procés de prostitució del carrer; dos a Equador, per determinar el lloc d'instal·lació d'un posat per a proves de tamisatge de VIH i per establir les ubicacions de llocs per a la campanya anual de col·lecta de sang; i una a l'Antàrtida, Illa de Greenwich, per determinar la ubicació de béns i serveis amb fins de planificació d'activitats de l'Estació Científica Pedro Vicente Maldonado.Els principals resultats exhibeixen que grups multidisciplinaris sense practica en l’ús de les geotecnologíes poden interactuar amb aquestes eines per estudiar i determinar mitjançant el consens de les seves opinions espacials, la probable localització de béns, serveis i/o esdeveniments en un territori determinat, conformant d´aquesta manera un procés d’Anàlisi Espacial Col·lectiu com a suport a les decisions espacials principalment, per aspectes de planificació, organització i ocupació de recursos en el territori o bé per l´avaluació, preparació o adopció de polítiques, plans i programes corresponents.
Il processo decisionale spaziale ai fini della pianificazione, delle politiche, dei piani o dei programmi territoriali, è strettamente legato al concetto di localizzazione dello spazio geografico di riferimento, principalmente perché in base alle ubicazioni spaziali possono essere determinati e si relazionano direttamente e indirettamente, molti altri aspetti tra i quali le risorse naturali, le materie prime, le infrastrutture, la vicinanza al mercato, il clima, la cultura, le aree strategiche e di sicurezza. Quindi, assumendo che lo spazio geografico costituisce un sistema complesso, è necessario che le decisioni spaziali volte ad ottenere aspetti per la localizzazione di beni e servizi e/o eventi per i fini prima menzionati, siano effettuate in maniera interdisciplinare, preferibilmente attraverso la partecipazione e il consenso tra le parti interessate. In questa tesi viene presentata una ricerca applicata che ha avuto come proposito fornire un archetipo per aiutare nel processo decisionale spaziale per mezzo del consenso speciale tra diversi attori sociali, soprattutto per quanto riguarda la localizzazione dei beni, servizi e/o eventi. L'archetipo, in base alla versione spaziale del Metodo Delphi modificato, ha come caratteristica principale l'uso delle opinioni di un gruppo di esperti per risolvere un problema nel contesto del processo decisionale e/o di un quadro di previsione considerando l'aspetto geografico, con l'obiettivo di giungere ad un consenso riguardo l'identificazione di una posizione ottimale in una parte limitata del territorio. Seguendo la metodologia della Ricerca Scientifica di Progettazione (DSR con il suo acronimo in inglese) e adottando come metodi ausiliari la Ricerca Documentaria e lo Sviluppo del Software Basato sulla Riutilizzazione, è stato messo a punto l’artefatto chiamato Sistema Geo-Spaziale di Intelligenza Collettiva (SIGIC), con il quale è stato possibile indurre e coordinare un comportamento di intelligenza collettiva in gruppi multidisciplinari non sperimentati nell'uso di geo-tecniche, al fine di localizzare beni, servizi e/o eventi attraverso il consenso spaziale dei partecipanti. Questo artefatto è stato valutato in cinque situazioni diverse di decisione spaziale: due in Italia, per l'ubicazione di una stazione di monitoraggio della qualità dell'aria e per la zonizzazione del processo di prostituzione di strada; due in Ecuador, per determinare il luogo di installazione di un centro per i test per l'HIV e per stabilire le ubicazioni di centri per la campagna annuale di donazione del sangue; e una in Antartide, nell'isola Greenwich, per determinare l'ubicazione di beni e servizi al fine di pianificare le attività della Stazione Scientifica Pedro Vicente Maldonado. Dopo aver valutato l'artefatto in cinque differenti situazioni di decisione spaziale, i principali risultati mostrano che i gruppi multidisciplinari senza pratica nell'uso di geo-tecniche possono interagire con questi strumenti per studiare e determinare attraverso il consenso delle loro opinioni spaziali, la probabile localizzazione dei beni, servizi e/o eventi in un determinato territorio, formando così un processo di Analisi Spaziale Collettiva principalmente come supporto alle decisioni spaziali, per gli aspetti di pianificazione, organizzazione e l'uso delle risorse in il territorio o anche per la valutazione, la preparazione o l'adozione di politiche, piani e programmi corrispondenti.
Books on the topic "Siglec- 9"
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Linajes nobiliarios de León y Castilla [Siglos 9-13]. Valladolid: Junta de Castilla y León, 1998.
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Giuliani, Luigi, and Victoria Pineda, eds. La edición del diálogo teatral (siglos XVI-XVII). Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-224-9.
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The contributions that compose this book were presented at the XIV Taller Internacional de Estudios Textuales (Perugia 2018), where different issues related to the transmission of Spanish Golden Age plays and its relevance for modern editing were discussed. The relationship between autograph manuscripts and prompt books, the usus scribendi of professional copyists, the textual variant readings in the transmission of printed texts, the importance of meter for establishing texts and proving authorships, the comparison of Spanish and Anglo-American editing practices, and the adaptation of plays for the modern stage, are all issues addressed by means of case studies that elucidate unexpected angles of textual criticism.
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Egypt. Health: Agreement between the United States of America and Egypt, signed at Geneva May 9, 1989. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1995.
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Mexico. Taxation, information exchange: Agreement between the United States of America and Mexico, signed at Washington November 9, 1989 and protocol signed at Mexico September 8, 1994. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1998.
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Mexico. Taxation, information exchange: Agreement between the United States of America and Mexico, signed at Washington November 9, 1989 and protocol signed at Mexico September 8, 1994. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1998.
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Belize. Narcotic drugs: Agreement between the United States of America and Belize, signed at Belmopan February 9, 1989. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1993.
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Thailand. Defense, support: Agreement between the United States of America and Thailand, signed at Bangkok January 9, 1987 and amending and extending agreement signed at Bangkok February 15, 1995. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1999.
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Mongolia. Remote sensing: Memorandum of understanding between the United States of America and Mongolia, signed at Ulaanbaatar March 9, 1993 and extending agreement signed at Ulaanbaatar December 7, 1995. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 2000.
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Sweden. Atomic energy: Radioactive waste management, agreement between the United States of America and Sweden, signed at Stockholm September 9, 1980 and extending agreement signed at Stockholm October 8, 1985. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1993.
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Loas. Narcotic drugs: Memorandum of understanding between the United States of America and Laos, signed at Vientiane January 9, 1990. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Siglec- 9"
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Sanders, J. "Introduction to the Life of Mar Bishoi (siglum MB)." In The Harp (Volumes 8 & 9), edited by V. C. Samuel, Geevarghese Panicker, and Rev Jacob Thekeparampil, 277–88. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463232986-023.
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van’t Land, Hilligje, Andreas Corcoran, and Diana-Camelia Iancu. "Introduction." In The Promise of Higher Education, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67245-4_1.
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AbstractOn 9 December 2020, the International Association of Universities (IAU) celebrated the 70th anniversary of the historic signing of the IAU Constitution. The IAU was called into life when UNESCO and its Member States brought together universities of the world to jointly draft the founding text, signed on 9 December 1950, in Conference, in Nice, France. By doing so, they officialised the creation of an Association with a unique global mandate. The text of the Constitution opens with the following words, which still mark the work of IAU.
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Horgan, M. O’C. "Matters outstanding after a contract has been signed." In Competitive Tendering for Engineering Contracts, 154–68. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203867235-9.
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Baker, Anne E., and Beppie van den Bogaerde. "9. KODAs: A Special Form of Bilingualism." In Multilingual Aspects of Signed Language Communication and Disorder, edited by David Quinto-Pozos, 209–32. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781783091317-012.
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"Sigles." In Examens de l'OCDE des systèmes de santé, 173. OECD, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264120938-9-fr.
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"9 Sigla." In Commentary on Aristotle, ›Nicomachean Ethics‹, XCVI—XCVIII. De Gruyter, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110643060-009.
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Varki, Ajit. "Siglecs." In Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry, 38–40. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-443710-9/00624-4.
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"9. Signed Measures." In Real Analysis, 297–320. De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110600995-009.
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"Abkürzungen und Siglen." In Gottlob Benjamin Jäsche: Liebe und Glaube, edited by Heiner Schwenke, 9–10. Verlag Karl Alber, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783495999783-9.
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Stammer, Dennis. "Verzeichnis der Siglen." In Im Erleben Gott begegnen, 9–10. Verlag Karl Alber, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783495817919-9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Siglec- 9"
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Bénac, Olivier, Marion Gaudin, Mélody Ors, Aude Le Roy, Hélène Rispaud Blanc, Caroline Soulas, Stéphanie Chanteux, et al. "Abstract 2713: Preclinical development of first-in-class antibodies targeting Siglec-9 immune checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2713.
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Andes, F., J. Zapf, J. Hahn, B. Manger, G. Schett, and U. Steffen. "P149/O06 Higher expression of siglec-7/9 on granulocytes and monocytes has a protective role in rheumatoid arthritis." In 39th European Workshop for Rheumatology Research, 28 February–2 March 2019, Lyon, France. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-ewrr2019.132.
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Patankar, Manish S., Jennifer A. Belisle, Sachi Horibata, Mildred Felder, Jennifer A. A. Gubbels, and Joseph P. Connor. "Abstract 5301: MUC16-Siglec-9 binding leads to adhesion between ovarian tumor cells and specific subsets of NK cells, B cells, and monocytes." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-5301.
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Kapur, Soumya, Nidhi Gaur, Garima Vyas, and Anu Mehra. "Implementation of 9 bit Signed Vedic Multiplier on Zed Board." In 2018 Second International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceca.2018.8474583.
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MARTINEZ RODRIGUEZ, JOSE MANUEL. "VILLA PAQUITA: AMPLIAR Y MANTENER LA EDIFICACIÓN ORIGINAL DE LADRILLO Y EL JARDIN DE UNA CASA DE VACACIONES." In 9º Congreso Internacional de Arquitectura Blanca - CIAB 9. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ciab9.2020.10649.
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Intervención en una casa de ladrillo construida a principios del siglo XX, situada en una población de tradición vacacional de una comarca de pinares. Se mantiene la edificación original y se amplia con un sistema de muros de hormigón visto.
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De Marco, Paolo, and Antonino Margagliotta. "Blanco al cuadrado. Arquitectura blanca en hormigón blanco." In 9º Congreso Internacional de Arquitectura Blanca - CIAB 9. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ciab9.2020.10663.
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El color blanco en la arquitectura tiene una dimensión particular por razones técnico-funcionales, sensoriales y, sobre todo, espaciales. En él residen los valores simbólicos que con el tiempo han determinado una especie de mito - con orígenes antiguos e inciertos, pero presente hasta la contemporaneidad. El uso del hormigón visto permite construir edificios intrínsecamente blancos, con la posibilidad de obtener construcciones monomateriales y monocromáticas. A lo largo del siglo XX, y aún hoy, las características mecánicas del hormigón blanco se han implementado continuamente y sus modalidades de empleo se han expandido no solo en las capacidades de rendimiento sino también en el campo estético y formal. A raíz de algunas experiencias pioneras de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, en la escena contemporánea destacan algunas realizaciones, en este sentido doblemente blancas, que nos permiten reconocer las diferentes naturalezas del hormigón blanco y, en particular, que nos hacen identificar técnicas diferentes y específicas de concepción del espacio y de metodología del proyecto. El uso del hormigón blanco hoy responde a la búsqueda de la perfección del material puro y noble, que recupera los valores fundamentales de la arquitectura y da forma a un diálogo innovado entre firmitasy venustas.
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AGUADO BENITO, JOSÉ ANTONIO. "Fisac, construcción por analogías. Hormigón armado y bóvedas tabicadas." In 9º Congreso Internacional de Arquitectura Blanca - CIAB 9. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ciab9.2020.10616.
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El presente estudio trata de rastrear el origen de la relación entre las bóvedas tabicadas de fábrica y los elementos de membrana de hormigón armado de poco espesor; la traslación por analogía de una forma de construcción tradicional a una nueva técnica, ambas ligadas a la formación de superficies con geometrías curvas; sus interacciones y diferencias. El marco es la España de posguerra, temporalmente abarca las décadas de los 40 y 50 del siglo XX, es decir, los años de la autarquía y el principio de la apertura. Se acota el estudio a unos pocos personajes: Luis Moya, Rafael Aburto, Francisco Cabrero, Eduardo Torroja y, sobre todo, Miguel Fisac. Sobre el trabajo de este último se planteará una hipótesis de solución constructiva para la realización de elementos prefabricados de hormigón armado a partir de encofrados recuperables de bóvedas tabicadas
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de la Cruz García, Jesús M., José A. López Orozco, Eva Besada Portas, and Joaquin Aranda Almansa. "Control de formaciones de vehículos marinos de superficie con restricciones de entrada." In Actas de las XXXVII Jornadas de Automática 7, 8 y 9 de septiembre de 2016, Madrid. Universidade da Coruña, Servizo de Publicacións, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497498081.1044.
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Se presenta un algoritmo para el control de formaciones y seguimiento de caminos para vehículos no holónomos con aplicación a vehículos marinos de superficie. El algoritmo sigue una estructura líder-seguidor y es una extensión de un artículo anterior [1] a curvas parametrizadas, y no sólo para caminos formados por tramos rectos y circulares. Además, se tiene en cuenta las restricciones que restringen las posibles trayectorias que pueden ser seguidos por el líder. El algoritmo sigue manteniendo la ventaja de la sencillez y sólo necesita de la sintonía de un parámetro para cada uno de los vehículos. Se muestran experimentos simulados con modelos reales a escala que validan el método propuesto.
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Läubli, Heinz, Oliver M. T. Pearce, Flavio Schwarz, Lingquan Deng, Michal Stanczak, Liwen Deng, Andrea Verhagen, et al. "Abstract 3659: Engagement of myelomonocytic siglecs by tumor-associated ligands modulates innate immune responses to cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-3659.
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Kaynak, C. B., Y. Yamamoto, A. Goeritz, F. Teply, M. Stocchi, M. Wietstruck, Y. Gurbuz, and M. Kaynak. "Thickness Effect of SiGe Layers on SiGe/Si Quantum Well Based Thermistor Performance." In 2019 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2019.ps-9-04.
Full textReports on the topic "Siglec- 9"
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Tokoro, Yasuhiro, and Virginia Leticia Valdivia Caballero. Working Paper PUEAA No. 9. The trade policy of the United States, and the current situation and a perspective of the CPTPP (TPP-11). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.007r.2022.
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The CPTPP allows economies and countries in other regions to formally incorporate trade flows with the Asia-Pacific and Pacific Rim, as well as boost trade with countries in these regions. The TPP was signed by 12 countries in February 2016 and on December 9 of the same year the Japanese government of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe approved the TPP by a majority in the House of Representatives. However, in January 2017, Trump, as the new President of the United States, officially declared the withdrawal of the United States from the TPP to fulfill one of his election promises. In the end, Trump's decision to withdraw the United States from the TPP has done nothing but exclude the United States from strengthening its trade ties with the Pacific Rim, while establishing the new 21st century rules for multilateral trade. In this context, this paper focuses on the study of two axes: the process and strategy of U.S. trade policy, and the current situation and a perspective of the TPP 11.
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Informe de Política Monetaria - Octubre de 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-spa.tr3-2020.
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Los datos recientes de actividad económica, inflación y mercado laboral sugieren que sus tendencias han estado acorde con la valoración del equipo técnico sobre el estado de la economía y su evolución esperada, caracterizada por una caída en la demanda y la persistencia de amplios excesos de capacidad productiva. La fuerte caída proyectada del producto se materializó en el segundo trimestre, hecho que ha contribuido a un descenso de la inflación por debajo de la meta del 3% y se ha visto reflejado en un fuerte deterioro del mercado laboral. Para lo que resta del presente y durante el siguiente año se sigue esperando una lenta recuperación del producto y del empleo, junto con una inflación creciente, pero inferior a la meta. En 2020 la economía colombiana registraría una fuerte recesión (caída del PIB del 7,6%), menor que la proyectada en el informe pasado (caída del PIB del 8,5%). A partir del segundo semestre los niveles del producto se recuperarían de forma lenta, sin alcanzar en 2021 los valores previos a la pandemia, y en un entorno de amplia incertidumbre. La caída del producto del primer semestre del año resultó menor que la estimada, debido a la revisión al alza del PIB del primer trimestre y por una contracción en el segundo (-15,5%) más leve que la proyectada (-16,5%). Los indicadores disponibles de actividad económica sugieren que la caída anual del PIB para el tercer trimestre estaría alrededor del 9%. Para lo que resta del año y en 2021 se supone que no habrá una aceleración importante de los contagios del Covid-19 que impliquen un endurecimiento de las medidas de distanciamiento social que afecten de manera importante la actividad económica. Con esto, la apertura gradual de la economía continuaría y la oferta de los sectores más afectados por la pandemia se iría recuperando de forma lenta en la medida en que la flexibilización de las restricciones siga avanzando. Por el lado del gasto, la mejora en la confianza de los hogares, la demanda represada de varios bienes y servicios, los mayores niveles esperados de demanda externa y las bajas tasas reales de interés contribuirían a la recuperación del nivel del producto. A lo anterior se suma una base baja de comparación, que explicaría gran parte del aumento del PIB en 2021. Con todo esto, se espera que el crecimiento económico para 2020 se sitúe entre un -9% y -6,5%, con un -7,6% como valor central. Para 2021 se proyecta un crecimiento entre el 3% y 7%, con un 4,6% como valor central (Gráfico 1.1). Frente al informe de julio, la revisión al alza en las proyecciones de actividad económica incorpora la menor caída observada en el primer semestre y una recuperación algo más rápida que la esperada para el tercer trimestre en algunos sectores económicos. Los intervalos de pronóstico de crecimiento para 2020 y 2021 se redujeron, pero siguen siendo amplios y reflejan la elevada incertidumbre que se tiene sobre la evolución de la pandemia, las posibles medidas necesarias para enfrentarla y sus efectos sobre la actividad económica mundial y local.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.
Full textAbstract:
This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.