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Journal articles on the topic 'Sign Language Understanding'
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1
Vogler, Christian, and Siome Goldenstein. "Toward computational understanding of sign language." Technology and Disability 20, no. 2 (July 8, 2008): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/tad-2008-20206.
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Aloysius, Neena, and M. Geetha. "Understanding vision-based continuous sign language recognition." Multimedia Tools and Applications 79, no. 31-32 (May 17, 2020): 22177–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-08961-z.
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Cobley, Paul. "Human Understanding." American Journal of Semiotics 34, no. 1 (2018): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ajs201862038.
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John Deely’s contributions to the philosophy of signs have transformed semiotics. Key to this development has been Deely’s concern not just with human-produced texts but, instead, with human understanding amidst the context of semiosis in general, including realms beyond that of the human. Underpinning this concern, in turn, is his triad of sign, object and thing: A definite re-orientation of the theory of the sign. In this article it will be suggested that the triad, exemplifying suprasubjectivity and the primacy of relation, not only establishes the ground for rethinking common understandings of subjectivity, intersubjectivity and objectivity, it also provides a basis for re-conceptualizing other areas of social thought: In particular, how humans exist within their environment, both in terms of “affordances”—which generally facilitate human action—and “ideology”—which generally constrain it to the exigencies of determined circumstances. Deely’s realism, in its fundament of the sign/object/thing triad, demonstrates how mind-independent being is omnipresent, even when occluded in the objective order; it uncovers the “truth” of ideology and the Gegengefuge or ‘counter-structure’ of affordances.
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Williams, Joshua, and Sharlene D. Newman. "Modality-Independent Effects of Phonological Neighborhood Structure on Initial L2 Sign Language Learning." Research in Language 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rela-2015-0022.
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The goal of the present study was to characterize how neighborhood structure in sign language influences lexical sign acquisition in order to extend our understanding of how the lexicon influences lexical acquisition in both sign and spoken languages. A referentmatching lexical sign learning paradigm was administered to a group of 29 hearing sign language learners in order to create a sign lexicon. The lexicon was constructed based on exposures to signs that resided in either sparse or dense handshape and location neighborhoods. The results of the current study indicated that during the creation of the lexicon signs that resided in sparse neighborhoods were learned better than signs that resided in dense neighborhoods. This pattern of results is similar to what is seen in child first language acquisition of spoken language. Therefore, despite differences in child first language and adult second language acquisition, these results contribute to a growing body of literature that implicates the phonological features that structure of the lexicon is influential in initial stages of lexical acquisition for both spoken and sign languages. This is the first study that uses an innovated lexicon-construction methodology to explore interactions between phonology and the lexicon in L2 acquisition of sign language.
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Vermeerbergen, Myriam, Mieke Van Herreweghe, Philemon Akach, and Emily Matabane. "Constituent order in Flemish Sign Language (VGT) and South African Sign Language (SASL)." Sign Language and Linguistics 10, no. 1 (October 16, 2007): 23–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.10.1.04ver.
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This paper reports on a comparison of word order issues, and more specifically on the order of the verb and its arguments, in two unrelated sign languages: South African Sign Language and Flemish Sign Language. The study comprises the first part of a larger project in which a number of grammatical mechanisms and structures are compared across the two sign languages, using a corpus consisting of similar VGT and SASL-data of a various nature. The overall goal of the project is to contribute to a further understanding of the issue of the degree of similarity across unrelated sign languages. However, the different studies also mean a further exploration of the grammars of the two languages involved. In this paper the focus is on the analysis of isolated declarative sentences elicited by means of pictures. The results yield some interesting similarities across all signers but also indicate that — especially with regard to constituent order — there are important differences between the two languages.
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Wilcox, Sherman. "Gesture and language." Gesture 4, no. 1 (June 10, 2004): 43–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.4.1.04wil.
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In this paper I explore the role of gesture in the development of signed languages. Using data from American Sign Language, Catalan Sign Language, French Sign Language, and Italian Sign Language, as well as historical sources describing gesture in the Mediterranean region, I demonstrate that gesture enters the linguistic system via two distinct routes. In one, gesture serves as a source of lexical and grammatical morphemes in signed languages. In the second, elements become directly incorporated into signed language morphology, bypassing the lexical stage. Finally, I propose a unifying framework for understanding the gesture-language interface in signed and spoken languages.
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Malaia, Evie, and Ronnie B. Wilbur. "Early acquisition of sign language." Sign Language and Linguistics 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2010): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.13.2.03mal.
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Early acquisition of a natural language, signed or spoken, has been shown to fundamentally impact both one’s ability to use the first language, and the ability to learn subsequent languages later in life (Mayberry 2007, 2009). This review summarizes a number of recent neuroimaging studies in order to detail the neural bases of sign language acquisition. The logic of this review is to present research reports that contribute to the bigger picture showing that people who acquire a natural language, spoken or signed, in the normal way possess specialized linguistic abilities and brain functions that are missing or deficient in people whose exposure to natural language is delayed or absent. Comparing the function of each brain region with regards to the processing of spoken and sign languages, we attempt to clarify the role each region plays in language processing in general, and to outline the challenges and remaining questions in understanding language processing in the brain.
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Morgan, Gary, and Bencie Woll. "Understanding sign language classifiers through a polycomponential approach." Lingua 117, no. 7 (July 2007): 1159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.01.006.
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Corina, David P., and Eva Gutierrez. "Embodiment and American Sign Language." Gesture 15, no. 3 (November 28, 2016): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.15.3.01cor.
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Little is known about how individual signs that occur in naturally produced signed languages are recognized. Here we examine whether sign understanding may be grounded in sensorimotor properties by evaluating a signer’s ability to make lexical decisions to American Sign Language (ASL) signs that are articulated either congruent with or incongruent with the observer’s own handedness. Our results show little evidence for handedness congruency effects for native signers’ perception of ASL, however handedness congruency effects were seen in non-native late learners of ASL and hearing ASL-English bilinguals. The data are compatible with a theory of sign recognition that makes reference to internally simulated articulatory control signals — a forward model based upon sensory-motor properties of one’s owns body. The data suggest that sign recognition may rely upon an internal body schema when processing is non-optimal as a result of having learned ASL later in life. Native signers however may have developed representations of signs which are less bound to the hand with which it is performed, suggesting a different engagement of an internal forward model for rapid lexical decisions.
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Futagami, Reiko, and Takayuki Kanazawa. "Social Understanding of Sign Language in the Process of Passing Sign Language Ordinances in Gunma Prefecture:." Japanese Journal of Sign Language Studies 25 (2016): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7877/jasl.25.39.
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'Ain, Qurrata, and Margana Margana. "THE FEELING UNDERSTANDING AND VALUES OF THE DEAF CHILDREN." Lire Journal (Journal of Linguistics and Literature) 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/lire.v3i1.40.
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Deaf children have a language to communicate with each other. It is known as sign language. The sign language has grammatical, morpheme, syntactical and semantically rules. It can be helped the deaf children to understand the signs. The disability people or gift children have an equal with normal people. So, they deserve to get what they want and communicate with each other. Generally, the grammar of sign language for deaf people has used hand shape or movement even facial expression or body movement. This article has aimed to expose the ability of deaf children to understand the feelings and values of others. It refers to social and cognitive development. Deaf children have access to communicate how peoples’ interaction and explanation for behaviors to get better social dynamics as an advantage in cognitive development. The deaf children often show the behavior problem and inconsistent social and sometimes they could not understand social rules.
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Sandler, Wendy. "Vive la différence: Sign language and spoken language in language evolution." Language and Cognition 5, no. 2-3 (September 2013): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/langcog-2013-0013.
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AbstractMichael Arbib's book proposes a scenario of language evolution that begins with pantomime, progresses to proto-sign, and then develops together with proto-speech in an “expanding spiral” to create a language-ready brain. The richness of detail in Arbib's hypothesis makes serious appraisal of each of its aspects possible. Here I describe findings about established and emerging sign languages that bear specifically upon the interaction between sign and speech proposed in the Mirror System Hypothesis. While supporting the central role that Arbib attributes to gestural/visual communication in understanding language and its evolution, I point out some kinks in the spiral that potentially disrupt its smooth expansion. One is the fact that each modality relies on an entirely different motor system. Another is the type of relation that holds between the articulators and grammatical structure, which is radically different in each system as well. A third kink disrupts the proposed continuity between holistic pantomime (gestural holophrases) and signs. Given such differences, instead of a scenario in which speech grew out of sign, it seems more likely that the two modalities complemented each other symbiotically throughout evolution as they do today. If so, then the modern ability to spontaneously create sign languages reveals the extraordinary richness and plasticity of human cognition, and not an evolutionary stepping stone to speech.
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Evans, Charlotte J. "Sign Language Research Contributes to a Better Understanding of Language Acquisition, A Review of Directions in Sign Language Acquisition." Sign Language Studies 4, no. 4 (2004): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sls.2004.0016.
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Occhino, Corrine, Benjamin Anible, Erin Wilkinson, and Jill P. Morford. "Iconicity is in the eye of the beholder." Gesture 16, no. 1 (June 15, 2017): 100–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.16.1.04occ.
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Abstract A renewed interest in understanding the role of iconicity in the structure and processing of signed languages is hampered by the conflation of iconicity and transparency in the definition and operationalization of iconicity as a variable. We hypothesize that iconicity is fundamentally different than transparency since it arises from individuals’ experience with the world and their language, and is subjectively mediated by the signers’ construal of form and meaning. We test this hypothesis by asking American Sign Language (ASL) signers and German Sign Language (DGS) signers to rate iconicity of ASL and DGS signs. Native signers consistently rate signs in their own language as more iconic than foreign language signs. The results demonstrate that the perception of iconicity is intimately related to language-specific experience. Discovering the full ramifications of iconicity for the structure and processing of signed languages requires operationalizing this construct in a manner that is sensitive to language experience.
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Holtz, Rolf. "Reading Between the Signs: Intercultural Communication for Sign Language Interpreters." Journal of International Students 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v4i1.501.
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This book presents the subtleties of a most remarkable human attribute: The ability to understand and communicate language. The focus of the book does examine the basic elements of interpreting and translating for the deaf. However, it takes the reader far beyond the linguistic challenges of American Sign Language (ASL) into the realm of interpreting for world cultures. The book presupposes a well-developed understanding of ASL and readers are expected to already be convinced that ASL is a real language. Deaf and hearing individuals will unquestionably profit from the analyses of culture that are always present in the medical, business, educational, and interpersonal situations in which deaf interpreters are active.
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WILBUR, RONNIE B., and EVGUENIA MALAIA. "CONTRIBUTIONS OF SIGN LANGUAGE RESEARCH TO GESTURE UNDERSTANDING: WHAT CAN MULTIMODAL COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS LEARN FROM SIGN LANGUAGE RESEARCH." International Journal of Semantic Computing 02, no. 01 (March 2008): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x08000324.
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This paper considers neurological, formational and functional similarities between gestures and signed verb predicates. From analysis of verb sign movement, we offer suggestions for analyzing gestural movement (motion capture, kinematic analysis, trajectory internal structure). From analysis of verb sign distinctions, we offer suggestions for analyzing co-speech gesture functions.
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Belissen, Valentin, Annelies Braffort, and Michèle Gouiffès. "Experimenting the Automatic Recognition of Non-Conventionalized Units in Sign Language." Algorithms 13, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13120310.
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Sign Languages (SLs) are visual–gestural languages that have developed naturally in deaf communities. They are based on the use of lexical signs, that is, conventionalized units, as well as highly iconic structures, i.e., when the form of an utterance and the meaning it carries are not independent. Although most research in automatic Sign Language Recognition (SLR) has focused on lexical signs, we wish to broaden this perspective and consider the recognition of non-conventionalized iconic and syntactic elements. We propose the use of corpora made by linguists like the finely and consistently annotated dialogue corpus Dicta-Sign-LSF-v2. We then redefined the problem of automatic SLR as the recognition of linguistic descriptors, with carefully thought out performance metrics. Moreover, we developed a compact and generalizable representation of signers in videos by parallel processing of the hands, face and upper body, then an adapted learning architecture based on a Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network (RCNN). Through a study focused on the recognition of four linguistic descriptors, we show the soundness of the proposed approach and pave the way for a wider understanding of Continuous Sign Language Recognition (CSLR).
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Makaroğlu, Bahtiyar, İpek Pınar Bekar, and Engin Arik. "Evidence for minimal pairs in Turkish Sign Language (TİD)." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 50, no. 3 (August 31, 2014): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2014-0015.
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Abstract Recently, many studies have examined the phonological parameters in sign languages from various research perspectives, paying close attention in particular to manual parameters such as handshape, place of articulation, movement, and orientation of the hands. However, these studies have been conducted on only a few sign languages such as American and British Sign Languages, and have paid little attention to nonmanual features. In this study, we investigated yet another sign language, Turkish Sign Language (TİD), focusing on both manual and nonmanual features to examine "minimal pairs", a cornerstone concept of phonology. We applied Brentari's (2005) feature classification and Pfau and Quer's (2010) phonological (or lexical) nonmanual categorization. Our analysis showed that both phonological features and constraints on TİD sign formation have a phonological structure similar to other well-studied sign languages. The results indicate that not only are phonological features a necessary notion for the description of both manual and nonmanual parameters at the lexical level in TİD, but also that nonmanuals have to be considered an essential part of sign as a way of better understanding their phonological roles in sign language phonology.
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Zeshan, Ulrike. "Aspects of Türk Isaret Dili (Turkish Sign Language)." Sign Language and Linguistics 6, no. 1 (December 17, 2003): 43–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.6.1.04zes.
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This article provides a first overview of some striking grammatical structures in Türk İş aret Dili (Turkish Sign Language, TID), the sign language used by the Deaf community in Turkey. The data are described with a typological perspective in mind, focusing on aspects of TID grammar that are typologically unusual across sign languages. After giving an overview of the historical, sociolinguistic and educational background of TID and the language community using this sign language, five domains of TID grammar are investigated in detail. These include a movement derivation signalling completive aspect, three types of nonmanual negation — headshake, backward head tilt, and puffed cheeks — and their distribution, cliticization of the negator NOT to a preceding predicate host sign, an honorific whole-entity classifier used to refer to humans, and a question particle, its history and current status in the language. A final evaluation points out the significance of these data for sign language research and looks at perspectives for a deeper understanding of the language and its history.
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Friedner, Michele. "Understanding Sign Language Bibles through Affective Audits in South India." Ethnos 81, no. 5 (April 15, 2015): 933–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00141844.2015.1031264.
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Rogalsky, Corianne, Kristin Raphel, Vivian Tomkovicz, Lucinda O’Grady, Hanna Damasio, Ursula Bellugi, and Gregory Hickok. "Neural basis of action understanding: Evidence from sign language aphasia." Aphasiology 27, no. 9 (September 2013): 1147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2013.812779.
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A. Almabrouk, Najah. "Understanding Derrida’s “Structure, Sign, and Play”." English Language Teaching and Linguistics Studies 2, no. 4 (November 14, 2020): p43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/eltls.v2n4p43.
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Deconstruction, a philosophical post-structural theory derived mainly from the work of the French philosopher Jacques Derrida, has evoked a great controversial debate over the past few decades. Promoting a sophisticated philosophical view of literary criticism, deconstruction has always been a complicated topic to comprehend especially for students and novice researchers in the field of literary criticism. This article review paper attempts to present an explanation of the main notions of the theory by reviewing one of Derrida’s most influencing articles on critical theory: “Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences”. The article which marked the birth of post-structuralism theory, was first delivered in 1966 at John Hopkins International Colloquium on “The Language of Criticism and the Sciences of Man”. This seminal work of Derrida criticizes structuralism for the great importance given to centralism and binary oppositions for the sake of accessing meaning. It can be claimed that the article sums up his ideas on deconstruction which in fact attacks all notions of center, totality and origin. Deconstruction is perceived as a method of breaking down and analyzing text in an attempt to approach some new interpretations which might be totally different from any other previous ones.
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Novogrodsky, Rama, and Natalia Meir. "Age, frequency, and iconicity in early sign language acquisition: Evidence from the Israeli Sign Language MacArthur–Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory." Applied Psycholinguistics 41, no. 4 (July 2020): 817–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716420000247.
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AbstractThe current study described the development of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory (CDI) for Israeli Sign Language (ISL) and investigated the effects of age, sign iconicity, and sign frequency on lexical acquisition of bimodal-bilingual toddlers acquiring ISL. Previous findings bring inconclusive evidence on the role of sign iconicity (the relationship between form and meaning) and sign frequency (how often a word/sign is used in the language) on the acquisition of signs. The ISL-CDI consisted of 563 video clips. Iconicity ratings from 41 sign-naïve Hebrew-speaking adults (Study 1A) and sign frequency ratings from 19 native ISL adult signers (Study 1B) were collected. ISL vocabulary was evaluated in 34 toddlers, native signers (Study 2). Results indicated significant effects of age, strong correlations between parental ISL ratings and ISL size even when age was controlled for, and strong correlations between naturalistic data and ISL-CDI scores, supporting the validity of the ISL-CDI. Moreover, the results revealed effects of iconicity, frequency, and interactions between age and the iconicity and frequency factors, suggesting that both iconicity and frequency are modulated by age. The findings contribute to the field of sign language acquisition and to our understanding of potential factors affecting human language acquisition beyond language modality.
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Kotowicz, Justyna. "Competences in Polish sign language and the ability to understand read text in G students / deaf students." Special School LXXXI, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2356.
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Research to date indicates a relationship between reading skills and sign language competences in G people / deaf people. These data, however, only apply to sign languages that have undergone extensive scientific analysis (e.g. American Sign Language). Currently, there are no scientific reports in Poland regarding competences in sign language and in reading in G students / deaf students. For this reason, the present study analyses the relationship between Polish Sign Language (PSL) and understanding of the text read in written Polish. The study involved 52 G students / deaf students with prelingual hearing loss in severe or profound grades I-VI in special primary schools for deaf children and adolescents. Competences at PSL were measured using the Polish Sign Language Grammar Comprehension Test, and comprehension of the text read was tested using the Reading test by Maria Grzywak-Kaczyńska. Hierarchical analysis of multivariate regression showed that competences in PSL are a variable explaining the level of understanding of the read text (in the model the first explanatory the variable was age). Therefore, it has been demonstrated that competences in PSL are relevant to learning to read in Polish among G students / deaf students. The results obtained are important for surdopedagogical practice: they draw attention to the need to improve competences in sign language and to use sign language in the process of learning to read and develop this skill.
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Ortega, Gerardo, and Gary Morgan. "Input processing at first exposure to a sign language." Second Language Research 31, no. 4 (March 26, 2015): 443–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658315576822.
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There is growing interest in learners’ cognitive capacities to process a second language (L2) at first exposure to the target language. Evidence suggests that L2 learners are capable of processing novel words by exploiting phonological information from their first language (L1). Hearing adult learners of a sign language, however, cannot fall back on their L1 to process novel signs because the modality differences between speech (aural–oral) and sign (visual-manual) do not allow for direct cross-linguistic influence. Sign language learners might use alternative strategies to process input expressed in the manual channel. Learners may rely on iconicity, the direct relationship between a sign and its referent. Evidence up to now has shown that iconicity facilitates learning in non-signers, but it is unclear whether it also facilitates sign production. In order to fill this gap, the present study investigated how iconicity influenced articulation of the phonological components of signs. In Study 1, hearing non-signers viewed a set of iconic and arbitrary signs along with their English translations and repeated the signs as accurately as possible immediately after. The results show that participants imitated iconic signs significantly less accurately than arbitrary signs. In Study 2, a second group of hearing non-signers imitated the same set of signs but without the accompanying English translations. The same lower accuracy for iconic signs was observed. We argue that learners rely on iconicity to process manual input because it brings familiarity to the target (sign) language. However, this reliance comes at a cost as it leads to a more superficial processing of the signs’ full phonetic form. The present findings add to our understanding of learners’ cognitive capacities at first exposure to a signed L2, and raises new theoretical questions in the field of second language acquisition.
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Roush, Daniel R. "Language Between Bodies: A Cognitive Approach to Understanding Linguistic Politeness in American Sign Language." Sign Language Studies 11, no. 3 (2011): 329–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sls.2011.0000.
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Oomen, Marloes, and Roland Pfau. "Signing not (or not): A typological perspective on standard negation in Sign Language of the Netherlands." Linguistic Typology 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 1–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2017-0001.
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AbstractThe expression of standard negation by means of manual and/or non-manual markers has been described for a considerable number of sign languages. Typological comparisons have revealed an intriguing dichotomy: while some sign languages require a manual negative element in negative clauses (manual-dominant sign languages), in others negation can be realized by a non-manual marker alone (in particular a headshake; non-manual-dominant sign languages). We are here adding data from Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT) to the picture, and we demonstrate that NGT belongs to the latter group. Still, detailed comparison suggests that NGT patterns differently from other non-manual-dominant sign languages, thereby improving our understanding of the typological variation in this domain. A novel contribution of the present study is that it is based on naturalistic corpus data, showing more variation than often found in elicitation and grammaticality judgment studies of sign languages, but also presenting new problems of interpretation.
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Quadros, Ronice, and Diane Lillo-Martin. "Brazilian Bimodal Bilinguals as Heritage Signers." Languages 3, no. 3 (August 10, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages3030032.
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This paper presents an analysis of heritage signers: bimodal bilinguals, who are adult hearing children of Deaf parents who acquired sign language at home with their parents and the spoken language from the surrounding community. Analyzing heritage language with bimodal bilinguals who possess pairs of languages in different modalities provides a new kind of evidence for understanding the heritage language phenomenon as well as for theoretical issues regarding human language. Language production data were collected from four Brazilian bimodal bilinguals separately in both sign and speech, as well as from monolingual comparison Deaf signers and hearing speakers. The data were subsequently analyzed for various grammatical components. As with other types of heritage speakers, we observed a great degree of individual variation in the sign (heritage) language of balanced participants who patterned similarly to the monolingual signers, compared to those whose use of sign language differed greatly from monolinguals. One participant showed some weaknesses in the second (spoken) language. We approach the variation in language fluency in the two languages by considering the different contexts of language development and continuing use.
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ABUTALEBI, JUBIN, and HARALD CLAHSEN. "Bimodal bilingualism: Language and cognition." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 19, no. 2 (February 29, 2016): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728916000158.
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Bimodal bilingualism refers to a type of bilingualism that employs two different input-output channels, one involving spoken language and the other involving sign language. Until the second half of the twentieth century, sign language was not recognized as a fully-fledged language and there was very little research devoted to bilingual sign language speakers (Grosjean, 1992). In the last two decades, however, interest in the study of bimodal bilingualism, including the cognitive effects of bimodal bilingualism and the neural organization of spoken and sign languages, has increased considerably. Furthermore, the particular significance of studies of bimodal bilingualism for understanding bilingual language representation and processing more generally has been properly recognized. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition has not been silent or inactive on this front. Two years ago we specifically added the study of bimodal bilingualism to the journal's core areas of interest, and we are glad to see an increased number of research articles on bimodal bilingualism (e.g., Giezen & Emmorey, 2016; Rinaldi & Caselli, 2014; Williams & Newman, 2015; Morford et al., in press; Kaufmann & Philipp, in press).
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Vigliocco, Gabriella, Pamela Perniss, and David Vinson. "Language as a multimodal phenomenon: implications for language learning, processing and evolution." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1651 (September 19, 2014): 20130292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0292.
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Our understanding of the cognitive and neural underpinnings of language has traditionally been firmly based on spoken Indo-European languages and on language studied as speech or text. However, in face-to-face communication, language is multimodal: speech signals are invariably accompanied by visual information on the face and in manual gestures, and sign languages deploy multiple channels (hands, face and body) in utterance construction. Moreover, the narrow focus on spoken Indo-European languages has entrenched the assumption that language is comprised wholly by an arbitrary system of symbols and rules. However, iconicity (i.e. resemblance between aspects of communicative form and meaning) is also present: speakers use iconic gestures when they speak; many non-Indo-European spoken languages exhibit a substantial amount of iconicity in word forms and, finally, iconicity is the norm, rather than the exception in sign languages. This introduction provides the motivation for taking a multimodal approach to the study of language learning, processing and evolution, and discusses the broad implications of shifting our current dominant approaches and assumptions to encompass multimodal expression in both signed and spoken languages.
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MacSweeney, Mairéad, Bencie Woll, Ruth Campbell, Gemma A. Calvert, Philip K. McGuire, Anthony S. David, Andrew Simmons, and Michael J. Brammer. "Neural Correlates of British Sign Language Comprehension: Spatial Processing Demands of Topographic Language." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14, no. 7 (October 1, 2002): 1064–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892902320474517.
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In all signed languages used by deaf people, signs are executed in “sign space” in front of the body. Some signed sentences use this space to map detailed “real-world” spatial relationships directly. Such sentences can be considered to exploit sign space “topographically.” Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we explored the extent to which increasing the topographic processing demands of signed sentences was reflected in the differential recruitment of brain regions in deaf and hearing native signers of the British Sign Language. When BSL signers performed a sentence anomaly judgement task, the occipito-temporal junction was activated bilaterally to a greater extent for topographic than nontopo-graphic processing. The differential role of movement in the processing of the two sentence types may account for this finding. In addition, enhanced activation was observed in the left inferior and superior parietal lobules during processing of topographic BSL sentences. We argue that the left parietal lobe is specifically involved in processing the precise configuration and location of hands in space to represent objects, agents, and actions. Importantly, no differences in these regions were observed when hearing people heard and saw English translations of these sentences. Despite the high degree of similarity in the neural systems underlying signed and spoken languages, exploring the linguistic features which are unique to each of these broadens our understanding of the systems involved in language comprehension.
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Kanto, Laura, Henna Syrjälä, and Wolfgang Mann. "Assessing Vocabulary in Deaf and Hearing Children using Finnish Sign Language." Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 26, no. 1 (October 14, 2020): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enaa032.
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Abstract This study investigates children’s vocabulary knowledge in Finnish Sign Language (FinSL), specifically their understanding of different form-meaning mappings by using a multilayered assessment format originally developed for British Sign Language (BSL). The web-based BSL vocabulary test by Mann (2009) was adapted for FinSL following the steps outlined by Mann, Roy and Morgan (2016) and piloted with a small group of deaf and hearing native signers (N = 24). Findings showed a hierarchy of difficulty between the tasks, which is concordant with results reported previously for BSL and American Sign Language (ASL). Additionally, the reported psychometric properties of the FinSL vocabulary test strengthen previous claims made for BSL and ASL that the underlying construct is appropriate for use with signed languages. Results also add new insights into the adaptation process of tests from one signed language to another and show this process to be a reliable and valid way to develop assessment tools in lesser-researched signed languages such as FinSL.
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Newman, Aaron J., Ted Supalla, Nina Fernandez, Elissa L. Newport, and Daphne Bavelier. "Neural systems supporting linguistic structure, linguistic experience, and symbolic communication in sign language and gesture." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 37 (August 17, 2015): 11684–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510527112.
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Sign languages used by deaf communities around the world possess the same structural and organizational properties as spoken languages: In particular, they are richly expressive and also tightly grammatically constrained. They therefore offer the opportunity to investigate the extent to which the neural organization for language is modality independent, as well as to identify ways in which modality influences this organization. The fact that sign languages share the visual–manual modality with a nonlinguistic symbolic communicative system—gesture—further allows us to investigate where the boundaries lie between language and symbolic communication more generally. In the present study, we had three goals: to investigate the neural processing of linguistic structure in American Sign Language (using verbs of motion classifier constructions, which may lie at the boundary between language and gesture); to determine whether we could dissociate the brain systems involved in deriving meaning from symbolic communication (including both language and gesture) from those specifically engaged by linguistically structured content (sign language); and to assess whether sign language experience influences the neural systems used for understanding nonlinguistic gesture. The results demonstrated that even sign language constructions that appear on the surface to be similar to gesture are processed within the left-lateralized frontal-temporal network used for spoken languages—supporting claims that these constructions are linguistically structured. Moreover, although nonsigners engage regions involved in human action perception to process communicative, symbolic gestures, signers instead engage parts of the language-processing network—demonstrating an influence of experience on the perception of nonlinguistic stimuli.
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McKee, Rachel. "Understanding International Sign: A sociolinguistic study by Lori A. Whynot." Language 94, no. 3 (2018): 727–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2018.0046.
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Ruben, Robert J. "Sign language: Its history and contribution to the understanding of the biological nature of language." Acta Oto-Laryngologica 125, no. 5 (May 2005): 464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016480510026287.
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Kékesi, Balázs, and Attila Márton Farkas. "A siket jelnyelv jelentősége a kommunikációs kultúra átalakulásának tükrében." Információs Társadalom 18, no. 2 (July 31, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22503/inftars.xviii.2018.2.1.
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A megtestesült kogníció hipotézisre építő kognitív nyelvészet szemszögéből vizsgálva a siket jelnyelv éppoly komplex és természetes nyelv, mint bármely beszélt nyelv. Ebben a megközelítésben a gesztusnyelv és a szónyelv szemantikáját egyaránt meghatározza az agy-test-környezet interakció. A környezetben történő számtalan cselekvési szituáció kognitív szinten rögzülő konzekvenciái, továbbá az interaktív szituációk szimulatív rekonstrukciója kulcsszerepet játszik a nyelvi kommunikáció és megértés folyamataiban. A tanulmány a megtestesült kogníció kutatásra támaszkodva a testhasználat és a nyelvhasználat közti szoros kapcsolatot mutatja be, majd a szituált konceptualizáció tézisének alapján a siket jelnyelv és a szónyelv közötti azonos szerkezeti alapok mellett hoz érveket. A tanulmány célja a siketekkel szembeni negatív előítéletek rombolása a kortárs kognitív tudomány segítségével, rámutatva arra, hogy a jelnyelv korántsem kezdetleges és fejletlen a szónyelvhez képest, sőt, a siket jelnyelvi kifejezések mutatják meg igazán, hogyan is működik a nyelv maga. Továbbá rámutatunk arra, hogy a vizuális természetű gesztusnyelv kognitív nyelvészeti megközelítése közelebb vihet az információs társadalomban egyre nagyobb szerepet kapó képi kommunikáció működésének jobb megértéséhez.
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The significance of deaf sign language within the context of communication culture’s transformation
It seems clear when investigating sign language and verbal languages from the perspective of embodied cognition hypotheses based cognitive linguistics that both kinds of languages are natural. In this approach, the semantics of sign and verbal languages are equally assigned by the brain-body-environment interaction. The cognitive consequences of the numerous interactions with the world, and the cognitive ability to simulate those interactions in off-line mode, de-coupled from the environment, are crucial for gaining an understanding of communication and meaning. This paper throws light on the connection between the body and language from the perspective of embodied cognitive science, and argues that situated conceptualization is the most suitable thesis to understand the semantics of both sign and verbal languages. An additional aim of the paper is to help to reduce prejudice against deaf people by demonstrating that deaf sign language is far from being primitive, and moreover, it will show that sign language can facilitate a better understanding of how verbal languages really work.
Keywords: embodied cognition, cognitive linguistics, conceptualization, sign language, prejudices
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Chen, Linda Jianlin, and Jianbin Huang. "Sign Markup Language in a Multimodal Context." Chinese Semiotic Studies 14, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2018-0001.
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Abstract The process of “telling through words” and “understanding by insight” of a language are closely related to high-context and low-context cultures. Various concepts and knowledge systems constitute a hierarchy of cognitive domain networks. Bilingual and multilingual sign markup language can be seen everywhere in a multicultural setting, which is full of cognition, construal, and variation in the process of cross-cultural communication under the multilingual context. Sign markup language is presented in a multimodal discourse form, such as business language, advertising language, commercial logos, slogans, or propagation language. It contains known and unknown information and foreground and background cultures, changing with technological knowledge and history development. The cross-cultural cognitive research of sign markup language in a multimodal context is increasingly important, especially in today’s society undergoing the development of economic globalization, high-speed information, urban internationalization, and data digitization. Based on instances of sign markup language, the present paper will apply the theory of memes in sign markup language to analyze and put forward the cognitive mechanism used in multimodal contexts.
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Bowen, Sandy K., and Silvia M. Correa-Torres. "Understanding the Communication Needs of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students Who Are Deafblind." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 2, no. 12 (January 2017): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp2.sig12.81.
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America's population is more diverse than ever before. The prevalence of students who are culturally and/or linguistically diverse (CLD) has been steadily increasing over the past decade. The changes in America's demographics require teachers who provide services to students with deafblindness to have an increased awareness of different cultures and diversity in today's classrooms, particularly regarding communication choices. Children who are deafblind may use spoken language with appropriate amplification, sign language or modified sign language, and/or some form of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC).
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HWANG, SO-ONE, NOZOMI TOMITA, HOPE MORGAN, RABIA ERGIN, DENIZ İLKBAŞARAN, SHARON SEEGERS, RYAN LEPIC, and CAROL PADDEN. "Of the body and the hands: patterned iconicity for semantic categories." Language and Cognition 9, no. 4 (November 8, 2016): 573–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2016.28.
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abstractThis paper examines how gesturers and signers use their bodies to express concepts such as instrumentality and humanness. Comparing across eight sign languages (American, Japanese, German, Israeli, and Kenyan Sign Languages, Ha Noi Sign Language of Vietnam, Central Taurus Sign Language of Turkey, and Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language of Israel) and the gestures of American non-signers, we find recurring patterns for naming entities in three semantic categories (tools, animals, and fruits & vegetables). These recurring patterns are captured in a classification system that identifies iconic strategies based on how the body is used together with the hands. Across all groups, tools are named with manipulation forms, where the head and torso represent those of a human agent. Animals tend to be identified with personification forms, where the body serves as a map for a comparable non-human body. Fruits & vegetables tend to be identified with object forms, where the hands act independently from the rest of the body to represent static features of the referent. We argue that these iconic patterns are rooted in using the body for communication, and provide a basis for understanding how meaningful communication emerges quickly in gesture and persists in emergent and established sign languages.
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Enns, Charlotte, Vera Kolbe, and Claudia Becker. "Challenges and solutions in test adaption." Sign Language and Linguistics 24, no. 2 (July 19, 2021): 226–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.20010.enn.
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Abstract Sign language assessment tools are important for professionals working with DHH children to measure sign language development and competence. Adaptation of an existing test can be a solution when initiating assessment in a sign language community; the adaptation process must adhere to key principles and procedures. We introduce the principles of test adaptation and outline the challenges we faced in adapting the British Sign Language Production Test (Herman, Grove, Holmes, Morgan, Sutherland & Woll 2004) to German Sign Language and American Sign Language. Challenges included decisions regarding the normative sample, the use of terminology, and variations in the scoring protocols to fit with each language. The steps taken throughout the test adaptation process are described, together with a comparison of parallels and differences. We conclude that test adaptation is an effective method of developing practical tools for sign language assessment and contributes to a better understanding of sign language development.
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Ganyushina, M. A. "Tradition of nature and man in the literature (based on the material of comparative analysis of the Russian and English worldviews)." Язык и текст 3, no. 1 (2016): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2016030102.
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The article focuses on the problem of the symbolic properties of language and linguistic sign within of the world language image (further WLI). Its solution offers the prospect of a deeper understanding of the relationship of language and culture. As a subject of study the metaphorical rethinkings of different concepts in English and Russian languages with the components of ancient symbols, legends left their mark on the world perception of different nations. The study shows the way the linguistic sign begins to express symbolic ideas, influence the semantics of expressions, closely cooperating with the cultural space, a myth and modern associations.
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Khamaruddin, Siti Ramna, Nurul Asiah Fasehah Muhamad, Norakyairee Mohd Raus, Adnan Mohamed Yusoff, Mahyuddin Hashim, Noornajihan Ja’afar, and Mohd Nur Adzam Rasdi. "Penilaian Bahasa Isyarat Baharu untuk Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Solat bagi Orang Pekak." Ulum Islamiyyah 32 (December 2, 2020): 93–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol32no.178.
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The sign language is the main language used in the teaching and learning approach (TnL) of solat (prayer) for deaf people. However, there have been sign language confusions in terms of form and the true meaning of the term. This is because the signs are developed based on the custom and understanding of the deaf. Hence, this study evaluates new sign language developed to ensure the TnL process of solat (prayer) for the deaf can be carried out more effectively. This study utilises Cohen Kappa for analysis of the evaluation of five experts from the field of religion and six from the field of sign language. In addition, a qualitative approach through group interviews is also conducted to enrich the findings. Based on the findings of the study, this evaluation has achieved the Cohen Kappa Coefficient Index at 0.87 level, which is at an excellent scale level for the whole new sign language developed. In terms of implication, this evaluation can provide a sign language parallel to the religious meaning and understanding of the deaf in Malaysia in TnL of solat. Keywords: Evaluation; Sign language; Teaching and learning; Prayers; Deaf Abstrak Bahasa isyarat merupakan bahasa utama yang digunakan dalam pendekatan pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) solat bagi orang pekak. Walaubagaimanapun, terdapat bahasa isyarat yang mempunyai kekeliruan dari segi bentuk dan makna sebenar istilah tersebut kerana dibangunkan berdasarkan cara hidup dan kefahaman orang pekak. Justeru, kajian ini menilai bahasa isyarat baharu yang dibangunkan untuk memastikan proses (PdP) solat bagi orang pekak dapat dijalankan dengan lebih berkesan. Kajian ini mengunakan Cohen Kappa untuk analisis penilaian kesepakatan lima orang pakar daripada bidang agama dan enam orang daripada bidang bahasa isyarat. Selain daripada itu, pendekatan kualitatif melalui temu bual berkumpulan juga turut dijalankan bagi memperkayakan dapatan kajian. Berdasarkan dapatan kajian, penilaian ini telah mencapai Indeks pekali Cohen Kappa pada tahap 0.87, iaitu pada tahap skala sangat baik bagi keseluruhan bahasa isyarat baharu yang dibangunkan. Implikasinya, penilaian ini dapat menyediakan bahasa isyarat yang selari dengan makna agama dan kefahaman orang pekak di Malaysia dalam (PdP) solat.
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Holmström, Ingela, and Krister Schönström. "Deaf lecturers’ translanguaging in a higher education setting. A multimodal multilingual perspective." Applied Linguistics Review 9, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2017-0078.
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AbstractIn a few universities around the world courses are offered where the primary language of instruction is a national sign language. Many of these courses are given by bilingual/multilingual deaf lecturers, skilled in both national sign language(s) and spoken/written language(s). Research on such deaf-led practices in higher education are lacking, and this study will contribute to a greater understanding of these practices. Drawing on ethnographically created data from a higher education setting in Sweden, this case study examines the use of different languages and modalities by three deaf lecturers when teaching deaf and hearing (signing) students in theoretic subjects. The analysis is based on video-recordings of the deaf lecturers during classroom activities at a basic university level in which Swedish Sign Language (SSL) is used as the primary language. The results illustrate how these deaf lecturers creatively use diverse semiotic resources in several modes when teaching deaf and hearing (signing) students, which creates practices of translanguaging. This is illustrated by classroom activities in which the deaf lecturers use different language and modal varieties, including sign languages SSL and ASL as well as Swedish, and English, along with PowerPoint and whiteboard notes. The characteristics of these multimodal-multilingual resources and the usage of them will be closely presented in this article.
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Rogalsky, C., G. Hickok, V. Tomkovicz, C. O’grady Batch, H. Damasio, and U. Bellugi. "Sign Language Comprehension and the Neural Basis of Action Understanding: A Lesion Study." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 61 (October 2012): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.10.051.
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Na, Youngmin, Hyejin Yang, and Jihwan Woo. "Classification of the Korean Sign Language Alphabet Using an Accelerometer with a Support Vector Machine." Journal of Sensors 2021 (August 12, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9304925.
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Recognition and understanding of sign language can aid communication between nondeaf and deaf people. Recently, research groups have developed sign language recognition algorithms using multiple sensors. However, in everyday life, minimizing the number of sensors would still require the use of a sign language interpreter. In this study, a sign language classification method was developed using an accelerometer to recognize the Korean sign language alphabet. The accelerometer is worn on the proximal phalanx of the index finger of the dominant hand. Triaxial accelerometer signals were used to segment the sign gesture (i.e., the time period when a user is performing a sign) and recognize the 31 Korean sign language letters (producing a chance level of 3.2%). The vector sum of the accelerometer signals was used to segment the sign gesture with 98.9% segmentation accuracy, which is comparable to that of previous multisensor systems (99.49%). The system was able to classify the Korean sign language alphabet with 92.2% accuracy. The recognition accuracy of this approach was found to be higher than that of a previous work in the same sign language alphabet classification task. The findings demonstrate that a single-sensor accelerometer with simple features can be reliably used for Korean sign language alphabet recognition in everyday life.
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Naranjo-Zeledón, Luis, Jesús Peral, Antonio Ferrández, and Mario Chacón-Rivas. "A Systematic Mapping of Translation-Enabling Technologies for Sign Languages." Electronics 8, no. 9 (September 18, 2019): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8091047.
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Sign languages (SL) are the first language for most deaf people. Consequently, bidirectional communication among deaf and non-deaf people has always been a challenging issue. Sign language usage has increased due to inclusion policies and general public agreement, which must then become evident in information technologies, in the many facets that comprise sign language understanding and its computational treatment. In this study, we conduct a thorough systematic mapping of translation-enabling technologies for sign languages. This mapping has considered the most recommended guidelines for systematic reviews, i.e., those pertaining software engineering, since there is a need to account for interdisciplinary areas of accessibility, human computer interaction, natural language processing, and education, all of them part of ACM (Association for Computing Machinery) computing classification system directly related to software engineering. An ongoing development of a software tool called SYMPLE (SYstematic Mapping and Parallel Loading Engine) facilitated the querying and construction of a base set of candidate studies. A great diversity of topics has been studied over the last 25 years or so, but this systematic mapping allows for comfortable visualization of predominant areas, venues, top authors, and different measures of concentration and dispersion. The systematic review clearly shows a large number of classifications and subclassifications interspersed over time. This is an area of study in which there is much interest, with a basically steady level of scientific publications over the last decade, concentrated mainly in the European continent. The publications by country, nevertheless, usually favor their local sign language.
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Dhyanti, Damar Retno, Jujun Junaedi, and Tata Sukayat. "Bahasa Isyarat Dalam Memahami Bacaan Shalat Pada Anak-anak Tunarungu." Tabligh: Jurnal Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam 5, no. 2 (September 24, 2020): 112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/tabligh.v5i2.1775.
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ABSTRAK
Penyandang tunarungu memiliki hambatan pendengaran dan dalam proses bicara dan bahasanya terhambat pula. Penyandang tunarungu menggunakan bahasa isyarat sehari-hari dalam berkomunikasi dengan orang lain. Materi yang diajarkan pun menggunakan bahasa isyarat oleh guru mereka. Materi pelajaran yang biasanya disampaikan lewat bahasa lisan, harus disampaikan lewat bahasa isyarat. Termasuk juga pelajaran agama Islam yang disampaikan oleh bahasa isyarat, seperti bacaan shalat yang disampaikan dengan bahasa isyarat di SLB Negeri Cileunyi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perhatian, pemahaman dan penerimaan anak-anak tunarungu terhadap bahasa isyarat dalam memahami bacaan shalat. Serta mengenal bahasa isyarat sebagai komunikasi nonverbal. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data diantaranya yaitu observasi, angket dan wawancara. Terdapat respon antara bahasa isyarat yang digunakan anak-anak tunarungu dengan bacaan shalat yang diajarkan di sekolah. Bahasa isyarat membantu anak-anak tunarungu dalam memahami, mengikuti serta pada pengaplikasian bacaan shalat di sekolah maupun di rumah.
Kata Kunci : Anak-anak Tunarungu; Bahasa Isyarat; Bacaan Shalat
ABSTRACT
Deaf people have hearing impairments and are also hampered in the process of speech and language. Deaf people use daily sign language in communicating with others. The material taught also uses sign language by their teacher. The subject matter, which is usually delivered through oral language, must be delivered through sign language. It also includes Islamic lessons delivered by sign language, such as prayer readings delivered in sign language at SLB Negeri Cileunyi. The purpose of this study was to determine the attention, understanding and acceptance of deaf children to sign language in understanding prayer readings. And recognize sign language as nonverbal communication. This type of research is quantitative with descriptive methods. Techniques used in data collection include observation, questionnaires and interviews.There is a response between sign language used by deaf children and prayer readings taught at school. Sign language helps deaf children understand, follow along with the application of prayer readings at school or at home.
Keywords : Deaf Children; Sign language; Prayer Readings
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Feshchenko, Vladimir. "Gustav Shpet's deep semiotics: A science of understanding signs." Sign Systems Studies 43, no. 2/3 (November 30, 2015): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2015.43.2-3.06.
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The article examines the implicit tradition of deep semiotics in Russia initiated by Gustav Shpet, a Russian philosopher of language. Shpet’s semiotic approach was developed synchronously with the major lines of European and American semiotics (Saussurian and Peircean), but has not been sufficiently known or studied. The recent publication of previously unknown papers by Shpet makes this Russian philosopher an advanced figure on the Russian semiotic scene. Shpet was one of the first Russian scholars to use the term ‘semiotics’, by which he meant a “general ontological study of signs”. Shpet used this term in his work History as a Problem of Logic as early as in 1916. Shpet’s main work on semiotics, the book Language and Sense (1920s), traced back the origins of semiotic thinking and laid the foundations for new semiotics, by which he meant a science of understanding signs. It is here that Shpet spoke of the ontological study of a sign, calling this study semiotics, or else characterics, and raising the issue of the semiotic mind.
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Liszka, James. "Reductionism in Peirce’s sign classifications and its remedy." Semiotica 2019, no. 228 (May 7, 2019): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2018-0089.
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AbstractAttempts to explain Peirce’s various classifications of signs have been a preoccupation of many Peirce scholars. Opinions are mixed about the sense, coherence, and fruitfulness of Peirce’s various versions, particularly the latter ones. I argue here that it is not a fruitful enterprise, even if sense could be made of them. Although Peirce makes his motivations for the classification of the sciences fairly explicit, it’s hard to find Peirce’s reasons for sign classification. More importantly, I try to make the case that such classifications are premised on a reductionist framework of semiosis that is contrary to the irreducible triadic character of signs that Peirce otherwise espouses. The reductionism is the result of Peirce’s use of certain models for his sign classifications, in particular, Mendeleev’s periodic table. I suggest that the remedy for the reductionism is to re-emphasize the processual and functional view of semiosis, rather than to focus on particular classes of signs. Corresponding to the three triadic conditions of semiosis, I argue that signs function to inform, represent or refer, and interpret, and that understanding these three function and how they interrelate may prove to be a more fruitful approach to sign analysis than sign classification.
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Dunaeva, Rufina Rishatovna, Alfiya Shavketovna Yusupova, Gulnaz Rinatovna Mugtasimova, and Hülya Kasapoğlu Çengel. "Inter-language paroemiological conformity in the Tatar and Turkish languages." Laplage em Revista 6, Extra-B (December 24, 2020): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020206extra-b588p.31-35.
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This article describes the Turkish correspondences of the Tatar paroemias in terms of the complete and partial coincidence of the semantics and lexical-grammatical structure of proverbs. The analysis of the Tatar and Turkish paroemiological correspondences makes it possible to expose general and individual features of the languages, the similarity and diversity of culture, psychology, history, and everyday life of their native speakers, thereby contributing to mutual understanding between them. The authors reach a conclusion that the presence in different languages of paroemiological units with a common meaning, with a similar structure and similar components is a rare phenomenon, determined by many factors. It should be noted that the fact of the presence of units with full correspondence in the Tatar and Turkish languages does not mean that they are deprived of their national and cultural originality, but contributes to a more complete understanding of the linguistic sign in its entirety: both as a linguistic and as a carrier of extralinguistic information.